DNA

DNA

(denaturation)(renaturation)
DNARNA DNARNA
(hybrid duplex)(heteroduplex)

(1) DNA
DNA

DNA
pH
DNA

DNA ""
DNA
DNA
DNA
(hyperchromic effect) DNA
DNA 250280 nm
260 nmDNA
"" DNA
260 nm

DNA DNA
260 nm 40% DNA
2030%

DNA DNA
( melting temperature, Tm)
DNA
DNA S S

51

 DNA DNA
""
Tm DNA 50%
Tm S
DNA Tm
DNA
(1)DNA

DNA

DNA
Tm

""

DNA DNA
Tm , DNA Tm
DNA DNA DNA
Tm (2)DNA (G+C)
Tm DNA (G+C)(G+C)
G-C Tm GC
3 AT 2 DNA (G+C)
GC AT (G+C)
DNA Tm Tm DNA (G+C)
( 1-16)Tm
(G+C)(X)(DNA 0.2 mol/L
NaCl )
X%(GC)2.44(Tm69.3)

(2)DNA
DNA
DNA
(annealing)(
)DNA DNA

DNA Tm 25

52

 DNA
Tm 25
( 4
)
Tm
Tm ( 4)
DNA ()

DNA
DNA DNA

DNA
DNA (A)
DNA
(U)

DNA
DNA

Cot (Co
DNA t ), DNA
DNA

( t ) Cot
(A) 1(ATGC)n
4 105 DNA
105

( 0.18 ml/L 400 ) 0.5

Cot ( Cotl/2)

repetitive sequence
Cot S

53

(3)
(hybridization)
DNA( RNA)
(heteroduplex) DNA
DNA RNA DNA
()

DNA

(probe)

32P

32P

DNA

(gene diagnosis)

DNA

54