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Electrical Plant Dimension Ing
Electrical Plant Dimension Ing
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Generalities
As to be able to protect LV/MV transformers LV side, we must mainly take into
account:
rated current of the protected transformer, LV side, from which the rated
current of the CB and the setting depend (In);
the max estimated short circuit current in the installation point which defines
the minimal breaking power of the protection circuit breaker (Isc).
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
MT-BT switchboard with one single transformer
Sn
U20
In
Isc
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
The rated current of the transformers LV side is defined by the following
expression
Sn x 103
In =
3 x U20
where
Sn = rated power of the transformer [kVA]
U20 = rated secondary voltage (no load) of the transformer [V]
ln = rated current of the transformer, LV side [A]
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
The full voltage three-phase short circuit current immediately after the LV side
of the transformer can be expressed by the following relation once we suppose
infinite power at the primary:
Isc =
In x 100
Ucc %
where
Ucc %= short circuit voltage of the transformer [%]
ln = rated current, LV side, [A]
lsc = three-phase rated short circuit current, LV side, [A]
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
The short circuit current is normally lesser than the preceding deduced
values if the CB is installed at a certain distance by means of a cable or
bar connection, according to the connection impedance.
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Choice of the circuit breaker
The following table shows some possible choices within the SACE Emax ACB
range according to the characteristics of the CB to protect.
Attention
Those indications are valid at the conditions that we declare in the table;
different conditions will lead us to repeat calculations and modify the choices.
ABB SACE
Protection of transformers
Sn
[kVA]
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
3150
Ucc (1)
6,25
6,25
6,25
6,25
In (2)
[A]
722
909
1154
1443
1804
2309
2887
3608
4547
Isc (2)
[kA]
18
22.7
23.1
28.9
36.1
37
46.2
57.7
72.7
E1B12
E1B12
E2B16
E2B20
E3B25
E3B32 E4S40
SACE Emax
E1B08
E6H50
(1) For values of the percent short circuit voltage Ucc% different from the Ucc% values as per table, the rated
three-phase short circuit current Icn becomes:
Isc = Isc
Ucc %
Ucc %
(2) The calculated values refer to a U20 voltage of 400 V. for different U20 values, do multiply In and Isc the
following k times:
U20
[V]
ABB SACE
220
380
400
415
440
480
500
660
690
1.82
1.05
0.96
0.91
0.83
0.8
0.606
0.580
Protection of lines
The choice of the circuit breakers for switching and protection of the lines means the
perfect knowledge of:
rated operating line current lB
max admissable cable current lZ
presumed short circuit current in the point of installation of the circuit breaker Icc
ABB SACE
Protection of lines
The correct circuit breaker must be apt to satisfy the following conditions:
it must own short circuit breaking power (lcu or eventually lcs) greater or
equal to the short circuit current lcc
it must use a protection release so that its overload setting current ln (l1)
satisfies the relation lB < ln < lZ
the let through energy (l2t) that flows through the circuit breaker must be lesser
or equal to the maximal one allowed by the cable (KS)
ABB SACE
Protection of lines
As far as the verification required by the IEC 364 standard, according to which
the overload protection must have an intervention current lf that assures the
operation for a value lesser than 1,45 lz (lf < 1,45 lz), we must state that it is
always verified for SACE CBs since those are IEC 60947-2 standard compliant
and the value is less than 1,3 ln.
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ImB
ImA
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
Total selectivity
ABB SACE
2500 kVA
(fault current 57,5 kA)
E4S40
with PR112
400V
E2N20
with PR111
Switchboard B
E2N20 MS (disconnector)
400V
T5H 630
with PR222
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
E2L - E3L
Breaker capacity on
back-upped loads
T4N
65 [kA]
85 [kA]
100 [kA]
T4L 250
100 kA !!!
T1N 160
T1N 160
T1N 160
ABB SACE
ABB SACE
S6L 800
100 kA
T4L 250
ABB SACE
T4L 250
T4L 250
Selectivity Table
ABB SACE
ABB SACE