국토교통부 조경설계기준 2013

11-1500000-000438-14
2013
,
.

.
1999
,
.
2002 ,
,
.
2007

.

,

, ,
.
,
.
2012 12

2012 40 .
,
.
,
. 1999
, 2002 2007
.
,
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
, , ,
.
, . ,
, , ,
.

, , .
,
.
,
. .
2012 12
()
35
1.1
35
1.2
35
1.3
36
1.4
36
1.4.1
36
1.4.2
36
38
2.1
38
2.1.1
38
2.1.2
38
2.1.3
38
2.2
39
2.2.1
39
2.2.2
39
2.3
39
2.3.1
39
2.3.2
40
2.4
40
2.4.1
40
2.4.2
40
2.5
41
2.5.1
41
2.5.2
41
2.6
42
2.6.1
42
2.6.2
42
2.6.3
2.7
43
43
2.7.1
43
2.7.2
44
2.7.3
44
2.7.4
45
2.8
45
2.8.1
45
2.8.2
45
2.9
46
2.9.1
46
2.9.2
46
2.10
47
2.10.1
47
2.10.2
48
2.10.3
48
49
3.1
49
3.1.1
49
3.1.2
49
3.1.3
50
3.2
50
3.2.1
50
3.2.2
52
3.2.3
54
3.2.4
56
3.2.5
59
3.2.6
60
3.3
61
3.3.1
61
3.3.2
63
3.3.3
67
3.3.4
68
3.3.5
69
3.3.6
69
3.3.7
71
3.3.8 /
73
3.3.9
75
3.3.10
78
3.3.11
79
3.3.12 (/)
79
3.3.13 ()
79
3.3.14
80
3.3.15
80
3.3.16
80
3.3.17
81
83
4.1
83
4.1.1
83
4.1.2
83
4.1.3
83
4.2
84
4.2.1
84
4.2.2
84
4.3
84
4.3.1
84
4.3.2
84
4.3.3
85
4.4
85
4.5
85
4.5.1
85
4.5.2
85
4.5.3
86
4.5.4
86
4.5.5 ,
86
4.6
87
4.6.1
87
4.6.2
87
4.6.3
88
4.6.4 (rounding)
88
4.7
89
4.7.1
89
4.7.2
89
4.8
89
90
5.1
90
5.1.1
90
5.1.2
90
5.1.3
91
5.2
91
5.2.1
91
5.2.2
91
5.3
92
5.3.1
92
5.3.2
93
5.4
94
5.4.1
94
5.4.2
95
5.4.3
95
5.4.4
95
5.4.5
96
5.4.6 ()
96
5.5
97
5.5.1
97
5.5.2
97
5.5.3
97
5.5.4
97
5.6
5.6.1
98
98
5.6.2
5.7
98
99
5.7.1
99
5.7.2
99
5.7.3
99
5.7.4
99
5.7.5
99
5.8
100
5.8.1
100
5.8.2
100
5.9
100
5.9.1
100
5.9.2
100
5.10
101
5.10.1
101
5.10.2
101
5.11
101
5.11.1
101
5.11.2
101
5.11.3
102
5.12
6
6.1
102
103
103
6.1.1
103
6.1.2
103
6.1.3
104
6.2
104
6.2.1
104
6.2.2
104
6.2.3
104
6.2.4 ,
105
6.2.5
105
6.2.6
105
6.2.7
105
6.2.8
105
6.2.9
106
6.2.10
106
6.2.11
106
6.2.12
106
6.2.13
107
6.2.14
107
6.2.15
107
6.3
107
6.3.1
107
6.3.2
107
6.3.3
108
6.3.4
108
6.3.5
108
6.3.6
108
6.3.7
108
6.3.8
109
6.3.9
109
6.3.10
109
6.3.11
109
6.4
109
6.4.1
109
6.4.2
110
6.4.3
110
6.5
110
6.5.1
110
6.5.2
110
6.5.3
110
6.6
111
6.6.1
111
6.6.2
111
6.6.3
111
6.6.4
111
6.7
7
7.1
111
112
112
7.1.1
112
7.1.2
112
7.1.3
112
7.2
113
7.2.1
113
7.2.2
113
7.2.3
113
7.2.4
114
7.3
114
7.3.1
114
7.3.2
114
7.4
115
7.4.1
115
7.4.2
115
7.4.3
115
7.4.4
115
7.4.5
115
7.4.6
115
7.5
116
7.5.1
116
7.5.2
116
7.6
8
8.1
116
117
117
8.1.1
117
8.1.2
117
8.1.3
117
8.2
118
8.2.1
118
8.2.2
119
8.3
120
8.3.1
120
8.3.2
120
8.3.3
120
8.3.4
122
8.4
122
8.4.1
122
8.4.2
122
8.4.3
123
8.4.4
123
8.4.5
123
8.4.6
124
8.4.7
124
8.4.8
124
8.4.9
124
8.4.10
124
8.5
125
8.6
125
8.7
125
9
9.1
126
126
9.1.1
126
9.1.2
127
9.1.3
127
9.1.4
128
9.1.5
128
9.2
129
9.2.1
129
9.2.2
129
9.2.3
130
9.2.4
130
9.3
10
10.1
130
131
131
10.1.1
131
10.1.2
131
10.1.3
131
10.1.4
131
10.1.5
132
10.2
133
10.2.1
133
10.2.2
133
10.2.3
134
10.3
134
10.3.1
134
10.3.2
134
10.3.3
135
10.4
135
10.4.1
135
10.4.2
135
10.4.3
136
10.4.4
136
10.5
136
10.5.1
136
10.5.2
136
10.6
138
11
11.1
139
139
11.1.1
139
11.1.2
139
11.1.3
139
11.2
140
11.3
140
11.3.1
140
11.3.2
142
11.3.3
142
11.3.4
143
11.4
145
11.4.1
145
11.4.2
145
11.4.3
145
11.5
146
11.5.1
146
11.5.2
146
11.5.3
146
11.6 ()
147
11.6.1
147
11.6.2
147
11.6.3
147
11.7
148
11.7.1
148
11.7.2
148
11.7.3
148
11.8
12
12.1
149
150
150
12.1.1
150
12.1.2
150
12.1.3
150
12.2
150
12.3
153
13
13.1
153
153
13.1.1
153
13.1.2
153
13.2
154
13.2.1
154
13.2.2
154
13.3
154
13.3.1
154
13.3.2
155
13.3.3
155
13.3.4
157
13.3.5
158
13.4 ()
158
13.4.1
158
13.4.2
159
13.5 ()
159
13.5.1
159
13.5.2
160
13.6
160
13.6.1
160
13.6.2
160
13.7
161
13.7.1
161
13.7.2
161
13.8
162
13.8.1
162
13.8.2
163
13.9
163
13.9.1
163
13.9.2
163
13.10
164
13.10.1
164
13.10.2
164
13.11
13.11.1
164
164
13.11.2
164
13.11.3
165
13.12
165
13.12.1
165
13.12.2
165
14
14.1
166
166
14.1.1
166
14.1.2
166
14.2
167
14.2.1
167
14.2.2
167
14.3
168
14.3.1
168
14.3.2
169
14.3.3
169
14.3.4
172
14.3.5
172
14.4
173
14.4.1
173
14.4.2
174
14.4.3
175
14.4.4
176
14.4.5
177
14.4.6 /
177
14.4.7
177
14.4.8
177
14.4.9
178
14.4.10
178
14.4.11 /
178
14.4.12
179
14.4.13
179
14.5
179
14.5.1
179
14.5.2
180
14.6
180
14.6.1
180
14.6.2
180
14.6.3
180
14.6.4
181
14.6.5
181
14.6.6
181
14.6.7
181
14.7
182
14.7.1
182
14.7.2
182
15
15.1
183
183
15.1.1
183
15.1.2
183
15.1.3
184
15.2
184
15.3
184
15.3.1
184
15.3.2
184
15.3.3
185
15.3.4
186
15.3.5
187
15.3.6
188
15.4
189
15.4.1
189
15.4.2
189
15.4.3
189
15.5
190
15.5.1
190
15.5.2
190
15.6
190
15.6.1
190
15.6.2
191
15.7
191
15.7.1
191
15.7.2
191
15.8
192
15.8.1
192
15.8.2
192
15.9
192
15.9.1
192
15.9.2
192
15.10
193
15.10.1
193
15.10.2
193
15.11
193
15.11.1
193
15.11.2
194
15.12
194
15.12.1
194
15.12.2
194
15.13
194
15.13.1
194
15.13.2
195
15.13.3
195
15.14
195
15.14.1
195
15.14.2
195
15.15
195
15.15.1
195
15.15.2
196
15.16
196
15.17
196
15.17.1
196
15.17.2
197
15.18
197
15.19
197
15.19.1
197
15.19.2
197
15.19.3
198
16
16.1
199
199
16.1.1
199
16.1.2
199
16.2
199
16.2.1
199
16.2.2
200
16.3
200
16.3.1
200
16.3.2
200
16.3.3
200
16.3.4
201
16.3.5
201
16.3.6
201
16.4
201
16.4.1
201
16.4.2
202
16.4.3
202
16.5
202
16.5.1
202
16.5.2
202
16.5.3
203
16.6
203
16.6.1
203
16.6.2
203
16.6.3
203
16.7
204
16.7.1
204
16.7.2
204
16.7.3
204
16.8
204
16.8.1
204
16.8.2
204
16.9 ()
205
16.9.1
205
16.9.2
205
16.10
205
16.10.1
205
16.10.2
205
16.10.3
206
16.10.4
206
16.11
206
16.11.1
206
16.11.2
206
16.11.3
207
16.11.4
207
16.12
207
16.12.1
207
16.12.2
208
16.12.3
208
16.13
208
16.13.1
208
16.13.2
208
16.14
209
16.14.1
209
16.14.2 ,
209
16.15
209
16.15.1
209
16.15.2
209
16.16 ()
16.16.1
210
210
16.16.2
16.17
210
210
16.17.1
210
16.17.2
210
16.17.3
211
16.18
211
16.19
211
16.20
211
16.20.1
211
16.20.2
212
16.21
212
16.21.1
212
16.21.2 , ,
212
16.21.3
213
17
17.1
214
214
17.1.1
214
17.1.2
214
17.2
215
17.2.1
215
17.2.2
215
17.3
215
17.3.1
215
17.3.2
216
17.3.3
217
17.3.4
217
17.4
218
17.4.1 CIP
218
17.4.2
218
17.4.3
218
17.4.4
219
17.4.5
219
17.4.6 ()
219
17.4.7
219
17.5
219
17.6
220
17.7
220
17.8
220
18
18.1
221
221
18.1.1
221
18.1.2
221
18.1.3
222
18.1.4
222
18.2
222
18.2.1
222
18.2.2
223
18.3
223
18.3.1
223
18.3.2
223
18.3.3
224
18.3.4
225
18.3.5
225
18.4
225
18.4.1
225
18.4.2
226
18.5
226
18.5.1
226
18.5.2
226
18.6
226
18.6.1
226
18.6.2
226
18.7
227
18.7.1
227
18.7.2
227
18.8
227
18.9
228
18.10
228
19
19.1
229
229
19.1.1
229
19.1.2
229
19.1.3
229
19.2
229
19.3
230
19.3.1
230
19.3.2
230
19.3.3
231
19.3.4
231
19.4
234
19.4.1
234
19.4.2
234
19.4.3
234
19.5
235
19.5.1
235
19.5.2
235
19.5.3
235
19.6
235
19.6.1
235
19.6.2
236
19.6.3
236
19.7
236
19.7.1
236
19.7.2
236
19.7.3
236
19.8
237
19.8.1
237
19.8.2
237
19.8.3
237
19.9
238
19.9.1
238
19.9.2
238
19.9.3
238
19.10
238
19.10.1
238
19.10.2
238
19.10.3
239
19.11 //
239
19.11.1
239
19.11.2
239
19.11.3
239
19.12
240
19.12.1
240
19.12.2
240
19.12.3
240
19.13
240
19.13.1
240
19.13.2
240
19.13.3
240
19.14
241
19.14.1
241
19.14.2
241
19.14.3
241
19.15
242
19.16
242
20
243
20.1
243
20.1.1
243
20.1.2
243
20.1.3
244
20.2
244
20.3
244
20.4
245
20.4.1
245
20.4.2
245
20.4.3
245
20.4.4
245
20.5
246
20.5.1
246
20.5.2
246
20.5.3
246
20.5.4
247
20.6
247
20.6.1
247
20.6.2
247
20.7
248
20.7.1
248
20.7.2
248
20.7.3
248
20.8
249
20.8.1
249
20.8.2
249
20.8.3
250
20.8.4
250
20.8.5
250
20.8.6
250
20.9
251
20.9.1
251
20.9.2
251
20.9.3
251
20.9.4
251
20.9.5
252
20.10
252
20.10.1
252
20.10.2
252
20.11 ()
253
20.11.1
253
20.11.2
253
20.12
253
20.13
253
20.14
254
20.14.1
254
20.14.2
254
20.14.3
254
21
21.1
255
255
21.1.1
255
21.1.2
255
21.1.3
256
21.2
256
21.2.1
256
21.2.2
256
21.3
257
21.4
257
21.4.1
257
21.4.2
258
21.5 ()
258
21.6
259
21.7
260
21.8 ( )
260
21.9
260
21.10
261
21.11
261
21.11.1
261
21.11.2
261
21.11.3 ()
262
21.11.4
262
21.12
263
21.13
263
22
22.1
264
264
22.1.1
264
22.1.2
264
22.1.3
265
22.2
265
22.2.1
265
22.2.2
268
22.3
270
22.3.1
270
22.3.2
271
22.3.3
271
22.3.4
271
22.4
274
22.4.1
274
22.4.2
274
22.4.3
275
22.5
275
22.5.1
275
22.5.2
276
22.5.3
276
22.5.4
276
22.5.5
277
22.5.6
277
22.5.7
277
22.5.8 ( )
277
22.5.9
278
22.5.10 (, )
278
22.5.11
278
22.6
278
22.6.1
278
22.6.2
279
22.6.3
280
22.6.4
280
22.6.5
280
22.6.6
280
23
23.1
281
281
23.1.1
281
23.1.2
281
23.1.3
282
23.2
282
23.2.1
282
23.2.2
282
23.3
283
23.4
283
23.4.1
283
23.4.2
284
23.4.3
285
23.4.4
285
23.5
288
23.5.1
288
23.5.2
288
23.5.3
289
24
24.1
290
290
24.1.1
290
24.1.2
290
24.1.3
291
24.2
291
24.3
291
24.3.1
291
24.3.2
292
24.3.3
292
24.4
293
24.4.1
293
24.4.2
293
24.4.3
294
24.5
294
24.5.1
294
24.5.2
295
24.5.3
295
24.5.4
295
24.6
295
24.6.1
295
24.6.2
296
24.7
296
24.7.1
296
24.7.2
297
24.7.3
297
24.8
298
24.8.1 ,
298
24.8.2
298
24.8.3
298
24.8.4
298
24.8.5
299
24.9
24.9.1
25
25.1
299
299
300
300
25.1.1
300
25.1.2
300
25.1.3
301
25.2
301
25.2.1
301
25.2.2
301
25.2.3
302
25.2.4
302
25.2.5
302
25.2.6
303
25.3
303
25.3.1
303
25.3.2
304
25.4
305
25.4.1
305
25.4.2
306
25.4.3
306
25.4.4
307
25.4.5
308
25.5
309
25.5.1
309
25.5.2
309
25.5.3
309
25.5.4
309
25.6
310
25.6.1
310
25.6.2
310
25.6.3
310
25.6.4
311
25.7
311
25.7.1
311
25.7.2
312
25.7.3 +
312
25.8
313
25.8.1
313
25.8.2
315
25.8.3 2
316
25.9
316
25.9.1
316
25.9.2
316
25.9.3
317
25.10
317
25.10.1
317
25.10.2
318
25.10.3
318
25.10.4
318
25.11
26
26.1
320
321
321
26.1.1
321
26.1.2
321
26.1.3
322
26.2
324
26.2.1
324
26.2.2
325
26.3
326
26.3.1
326
26.3.2
326
26.3.3
327
26.3.4
327
26.3.5
328
26.3.6
328
26.3.7
329
26.3.8
330
26.3.9
330
26.3.10
331
26.3.11
331
26.3.12
332
26.4
332
26.4.1
332
26.4.2
334
26.4.3
336
26.5
26.5.1
337
337
26.5.2
338
26.5.3
338
26.5.4
339
26.5.5
340
26.5.6
340
26.5.7
341
26.5.8
342
26.5.9
344
26.6
347
26.7
349
26.7.1
349
26.7.2 ()
350
26.7.3
350
26.7.4
351
26.8
27
27.1
351
352
352
27.1.1
352
27.1.2
352
27.1.3
353
27.2
354
27.2.1
354
27.2.2
354
27.3
355
27.3.1
355
27.3.2
356
27.3.3
356
27.4
27.4.1
27.5
357
357
357
27.5.1
357
27.5.2
358
27.5.3
358
27.5.4
358
27.5.5
359
27.5.6
359
27.5.7
359
27.6
360
27.7
360
27.7.1
360
27.7.2
360
27.7.3
360
27.7.4
361
27.8
361
27.9
361
27.9.1
361
27.9.2
361
27.9.3
362
27.9.4
362
27.9.5
363
27.9.6
363
27.9.7
364
27.10 ( )
364
27.11
365
27.12
365
27.12.1
365
27.12.2
365
28
28.1
366
366
28.1.1
366
28.1.2
366
28.1.3
367
28.2
367
28.2.1
367
28.2.2
368
28.3
368
28.3.1
28.4
28.4.1
29
29.1
368
370
370
372
372
29.1.1
372
29.1.2
372
29.1.3
372
29.1.4
373
29.2
373
29.3
373
29.4
375
29.5
376
29.5.1
376
29.5.2
376
30
30.1
378
378
30.1.1
378
30.1.2
378
30.1.3
378
30.2
379
30.2.1
379
30.2.2
379
30.2.3
379
30.2.4
380
30.2.5
380
30.2.6
380
30.2.7
382
30.2.8
383
30.2.9
383
30.3
384
30.3.1
384
30.3.2
384
30.4
385
30.4.1
385
30.4.2
385
30.4.3 ,
385
30.4.4
386
30.5
387
30.5.1
387
30.5.2
387
30.5.3
388
30.5.4
389
30.5.5
390
30.5.6
392
30.5.7 ( )
392
30.5.8
392
30.5.9
393
30.5.10
393
30.5.11
393
30.5.12
394
30.6
394
30.7
396
30.7.1
396
30.7.2
397
31
31.1
398
398
31.1.1
398
31.1.2
398
31.1.3
399
31.2
31.2.1
31.3
31.3.1
399
399
399
399
31.3.2
400
31.3.3
400
31.3.4
401
31.3.5
401
31.3.6
402
31.4
402
31.4.1
402
31.4.2
403
31.5
405
31.5.1
405
31.5.2
406
31.6
407
31.6.1
407
31.6.2
408
31.6.3
409
31.7
410
31.7.1
410
31.7.2
412
31.7.3
413
31.8
414
31.8.1
414
31.8.2
415
31.8.3
415
31.9
416
31.9.1
416
31.9.2
417
31.9.3
418
31.10
418
31.10.1
418
31.10.2
419
31.10.3
420
31.11
420
31.11.1
420
31.11.2
420
32
32.1
422
422
32.1.1
422
32.1.2
422
32.1.3
423
32.2
423
32.2.1
423
32.2.2
423
32.2.3
424
32.3
424
32.4
424
32.4.1
32.5
424
425
32.5.1
425
32.5.2
425
32.5.3
425
32.5.4
426
32.5.5
426
32.5.6
426
32.5.7
427
32.5.8
427
32.5.9
427
32.6
427
32.6.1
427
32.6.2
428
32.6.3
428
33 429
33.1 429
33.1.1 429
33.1.2 429
33.1.3 430
33.2
430
33.2.1
430
33.2.2
430
33.3
430
33.3.1
430
33.3.2
430
33.4
431
33.4.1
431
33.4.2
431
33.5
1 433
2 482
432
1.1
( ) 34( )

,

.
1.2
(1)
.
(2)
. ,

.
(3)

.
(4) , ,
.
(5) ISO14000 ,
ISO14001 .
(6)
, , .
1.3
(1) .
(2) .
()
()
()
1.4
1.4.1
, 2 ( )
.
1.4.2
.
(1)
() :
() : , ,
, ( )
() :
() : ,
() :
() : ,
() :
() :
() :
() :
() :
() :
() :
(2) ,
() :
() :
() :
() :
() : , ,
,
() :
2.1
2.1.1
(1) .
(2)
.
2.1.2
(1) .
(2) KS F 2324(
) .
2.1.3
(1) 12(),
33( ) 2()
. ,
, , .
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , ,
.
2.2
2.2.1
(1) 7 .
(2) KS F 1003(
), KS F 2302( ), KS F 2312( ), KS F 2320(
(CBR) ) .
2.2.2
(1) , 7
.
(2) ,

.
2.3
2.3.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) ( ) ,
.
2.3.2
(1) , , 22 23
.
(2) 25 26
.
2.4
2.4.1
(1) KS F 1519( )
.
(2) .
(3) KS F 2201( )KS F 2215(
), KS F 2219( ), KS F 2220(
) . ,
.
(4) .
(5) .
2.4.2
(1) . ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) KS F 3101() ,
.
(4) KS F 3118( )
.
(5) KS F 3005( )
.
2.5
2.5.1
(1) .
(2)
.
(3)
.
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , ,
,
.
2.5.2
(1) (0.03% ), (0.031.7%), (1.76.67%)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) 2.54.5% .
(5) .
2.6
2.6.1
(1) KS F 2530() .
(2) KS F 2518( ), KS F
2519( ) .
(3)
, .
(4) ,

.
(5) 49MPa , 5% .
(6) .
(7) .
(8) ,
.
2.6.2
(1)
, . ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) 2040cm .
.
(5) 1020cm .
(6)
.
(7)
. ,
.
2.6.3
(1) ,
3 15cm
3 .
(2) .
(3) ,
1 1/10 ,
1.5 .
(4) , 1 1525cm
1.2 .
(5)
1 1/20 1/3 .
2.7
2.7.1
(1) , .
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) ,
,
.
2.7.2
(1) , , , ,
.
(2) , . ,

.
(3) , ,
.
(4) KS L 5201() .
(5) 14.7MPa ,
20.58MPa . ,
.
2.7.3
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) KS F 4419( ) .
(4) KS F 4006( ) .
(5) , ,
KS F 4401( ), KS F 4403
( ), KS F 4409( ) .
(6) KS F 4004( ) .
(7) U KS F 4016( U) .
2.7.4
(1)
.
(2)
.
() 20% .
() 7.84MPa ,
17.64MPa .
() 75% .
2.8
2.8.1
(1) , .
(2) , , ,
. ,
,
.
2.8.2
(1) KS L 4201() 1 .
, .
(2) KS L 1001( )
.
(3) .
(4)
.
2.9
2.9.1
(1) .
(2) . ,
.
(3)
.
(4) ,
,
.
(5)
.
2.9.2
(1) KS T 1093( ), KS M 7501()
.
(2) FRP KS L 2313(), KS L 2327( ), KS L 2508(), KS
M 3305( ) ,
.
(3) KS M 3401( ), KS M 3402(
), KS M 3404( ), KS M 3407(
), KS M 3410( ) .
(4) KS M ISO 7391-1(-
(PC) -1 : ), KS M ISO 7391-2(-
(PC) -2 : ) .
(5) KS M ISO 1873-1(-(PP) 1 : ), KS M ISO 1873-2(-(PP)
-2 : ), KS M 3337( ), KS M 3501
(- -, 1 : 1mm ), KS
M 3503( ) .
2.10
2.10.1
(1) , , . ,

,
.
(2)
.
(3)
U.V. .
(4) .
(5) , , ,

.
(6) 9% , pH 9
, .
2.10.2
(1) , , , .
,
,
.
(2) KS F 3507( ), KS F 3508( ), KS L 9014(
) .
2.10.3
(1) 50% GR F 2016( ) .
3.1
3.1.1
(1) .
(2)
.
3.1.2
(1)
(Master Plan) , , ,

.
(2)
,
,
, ,
.
(3)
, ,
.
3.1.3

, .
() .
()
.
() ,
.
() .
() ,

.
() ,
.
.
()
.
() 23( )
.
3.2
3.2.1
.
(1) .
(2) , , , ,
.
.
(1)
, , , , ,
.
(2)
()
.
() .
(3)
() , ,
.
()
.
(4)
() , .
() , , .
() , , .
(5)
() .
() .
.
(1)

.
(2)
, , , ,
.
(3)

.
(4)
.
, .
(5)
.
3.2.2
.

( , ) .
.
(1) , , , , , , .
, .
(2) , ,
, .
(3) .
.
(1) , .
(2) , , ,
, , , , , , .
(3)
() .
() 10m 10m, 5m 5m, 2m 2m
1m 1m .
() .
() , ,
.
() , , ,
.
(4)
() .
() , , , ,
, , .
() .
() , .
(5)
() .
(6)
() , , ,
, , , ,
, , .
() , , ,
, , , , , , ,
.
() , ()
,
.
(7)
()
,
.
() 3 , (58) (10 )
.
() , , , ,
.
() , (, , , , , ),
, , , , , , ,
.
3.2.3
.
(1) ,
, .
(2) ,
.
(3)
, .
(4)
3.2.1 3.2.2 .
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) .
(3) (500m ), (1,000m ), (2,000m )
.
(4) .
()
() ,
()
.
(1)
, ,
,

.
(2)
, ,

, .
(3)
,
(, , )
, ()
.
(4)
.
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) . ,
5
.
(4)
()
.
() , .
() ,
, , .
(5)
() .
() , , ,
, .
() , ,
, .
()
, , .
() ,
.
(6)
()
, , .
()
.
()
, .
3.2.4
.
(1) 0.5ha
1,000m
, .
.
.
(1) , .
(2) , , ,
,
.
(3) , ,
.
(1)
() , 0.5ha 1
.
()
.
(2)
() 1m, 1.5m, 1m
30cm < 3-1>.
< 3-1>
(3)
, ,
. 40cm, 70cm, 100cm
.
.
(1) , ,
. : 50mm : 100 , 3
.
(2) .
3 .
(3) 2mm ,
.
.
.
(1)
KS F 2302( ) .
(2)
N1

N2
KS F 2322( ) ,

W1
W2
E2
E1
S2
S1
(3)

1/3bar
15bar .
(4)
()
, 40cm, 40cm
4, 4,
8 < 3-2>.
W1
E1
W2
E2
< 3-2>
.
(1)
5g 25 1 .
pH pH 0.1
, pH4, 7, 10 .
(2)
5g 25 1 EC meter ,
5 EC .
(3)
10g 1NCH3COONH4(pH7.0) 250 24 NH4
.
(4)
5g 25 (K2SO4 : CuSO4 9 : 1) 5g
Zn 50%NaOH 50 2%Boric acid 50
NH4N 0.1N .
(5)
5g Lancaster 20 10 Ammonium molybdate

.
(6) , ,
5g 1NCH3COONH4(pH 7.0) 50 30
.
(7)
() 2mm 0.5mm 0.51g 0.4N
K2Cr2O7
10
K2Cr2O7
0.2NFeSO4
(NH4)2SO46H2O (Tyurin).
() KS F 2104(
) .
3.2.5
.
(1) , pH, DO, SS, BOD, COD, .
(2) BOD, COD .
(3) , BOD 5 BOD .
.
(1) .
(2) .
3.2.6
.
,
5 .
.
, , , .

.
()
, , , .
()
, ,
. , .
()
, , , .
()
, ,
.
() .
.
3.2.1 .
.
(1)
() , , .
() , , , , , , ,
.
() , , , , .
() , , , , ,
, , .
(2)
, , , , ,
,
.
3.3
3.3.1
.
(1)
() , ,
.
() , , , , ,
, .
() , , ,
.
() , , , ,
.
() .
(2)
() ,
, , , , .
()
.
() , , .
(3)
() .
() , , ,
.
() , , , , .
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) , , , ,
.
(3)
.
(4) () .
(5) , , , .
(6) .
.
(1) , , , .
(2)
.
(3) , .
(4) .
(5) , 60%
.
.
(1)
, , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) ,

.
(4) 20 ,
, 21 ,
.
() , ,
.
() , , , .
() .
() .
(5)
, , , .
3.3.2
.
(1) 15
(, , , ), ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) , .
,
.
(5) , , 1 , , ,
,
.
(6) .
(7) ,
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
, , ,
.
(4) .
(5)
.
(6) 60%
.
(7) .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
,
.
(3)
.
(4) . .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) ,
.
(5) .
(6) ,
.
(7)
.
(8) 1 25m , ,
.
(9)
, , , 2
.
(10) ,
.
(11) .
(12) ( ) .
(13) , , .
(14) , , , ,

.
.
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) 3050% .
.
(1) , ,
1/3 . ,
.
(2) .
,
.
(3)
.
(4) , , ,
.
(5) 3050% ,
.
.
(1)
.
(2) 50% , -
.
(3) 510% , 5060%
.
(4) ,
, .
(5) , , ,
.
(6) 3050% 3
.
(7) 3 .
.
(1) ,
, .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , , ,
, ,
.
(5)
.
(6) , , ,
, , .
(7)
.
(8) , , .
, ,
.
3.3.3
.
(1) , ,
, .
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , , .
.
(1) .
(2) , , .
. ()
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
3.3.4
(1) 42( ), 43( ),
43( ) .
(2) 3( )
.
(3) , ,
, , 14( )
.
(4) ( ), , , ,
, .
(5)
(visitor center) ,
.
(6) ,
.
(7)
.
3.3.5
(1)
, ( ) .
(2) , ,
, .
(3) ,
.
(4) , ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
() ,
.
() ()
.
() , ,
.
3.3.6
.
(1) , , , .
(2) , .
(3) ,
(ecological network) .
(4) ,
.
.
(1) , ,
35( )
.
(2) , , ,
18( )
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
.
(1)
35( )
.
(2) ,
18( ) .
(3) .
(4) , , ,
.
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) , , , ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) , , ,
, , , .
(3) ,
.
(4) 1.5m ,
, 8%
.
.
(1)
, ,
.
(2) 1020m .
3.3.7
.
(1) .
(2) , , ()
.
(3) ,
(conservation) .
(4)
(restoration)
, , .
(5) ( ; biotope)
, .
() :

() :
() .
()
, (buffer zone) .
(6)
.
() .
.
() .
() .
() .
() .
. ,
(1) (core area),
(buffer zone),
(transition
area) .
(2) , ,
, , , , .
() ,
.
()
,
, , ,
.
() (stepping stone)
.
.
() (core)
. , ,
.
()
.
() .
(3) .
(4) 2 .
()
.
() ,
.
()
.
3.3.8 /
.
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
.
(1) , , ,
,
.
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1) .
(2)
.
.
(1)
, ,
.
(2) .
.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1) .
(2) ,
.
.
(1) , ,

.
.
(1) .
(2) , , , , .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5)
, , .
3.3.9
.
(1) ,
.
(2)
30 .
(3)
.
(4) 10ha , 3040% .
(5) .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) - ,
, .
(3)
.
(4) 18 6070m, 50m 80100m
.
.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) 10ha .
.
(1)
.
(2) 1.6km , 20m .
(3) 3m 3.2km .
(4) , , , ,
.
.
(1)
.
(2) , .
(3) 410 15
.
(4) .
(5) 2.53.0ha/, 8ha/
.
.
(1) - ,
.
(2) 25m 50m , 25m 7, 50m 9 , 1 2.0m
.
(3) 20 , .
(4) 1 2m .
.
(1) .
(2) 2.54.0cm .
(3) , 400m, 333.3m 2 ,
25m 26m , 45m .
.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) , , , .
(4) (525%) (1015%), (1020%) .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) 145m 2m, 2.67m
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2) 1020 .
(3) 2030m .
(4) .
() : 1 100200m
() : 150 150m, 1 0.8m
() : 150 200m, 1 0.7m
() : 1 50m
() : 1 20m
3.3.10
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3)
.
.
(1) .
(2) , ,
.
(3) .
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
3.3.11
.
(1) (public area), (private or living area) (service area) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
, .
.
(1) .
(2) (
) 70% .
.
(1) .
(2) ,
.
3.3.12 (/)
(1) .
(2) .
3.3.13 ()
(1) ,
.
(2) , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, .
(3) , , , .
3.3.14
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) , , , ,
.
.
, , ,
<32.6 > .
3.3.15
(1) , ,
.
(2) , ,
() .
(3) ,
.
(4) < 35>, <
15> .
3.3.16
.
<26 >
.
.
, , <27 >
.
.
, <29 >
.
3.3.17
. ()
,
.
. /
(1) .
(2) , , ,
.
(3) .
. /
(1)
.
(2) , , ,
.
. (, , , )
(1)
.
(2) , , .
(3) .
.
(1) , , , , ,
.
(2) .
.
(1) 23( ) .
(2) 11( )
.
(3)
.
4.1
4.1.1
(1)
.
(2) .
4.1.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) 7 8
.
4.1.3
(1)
.
(2) , , ,
, .
4.2
4.2.1
(1) , ,
.
(2)
4.2.2
(1)
.
(2) 10-3cm/sec .
(3) 30cm ,
.
(4)
, 7
.
4.3
4.3.1

,
.
4.3.2
(1) 3 () .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
, .
(5) , ,
.
4.3.3
(1) .
(2)
.
4.4
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4)
.
4.5
4.5.1
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
4.5.2
(1) 30cm .
(2) .
4.5.3
(1)
.
(2)
.
4.5.4
(1) , ,
, , .
(2)
.
4.5.5 ,
(1) , , .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) ,
20cm .
4.6
4.6.1
(1) (spot elevation)
, 50cm
.
(2)
,
. 7
.
(3) .
(4) . ,
< 4-1, 2> .
(5) , , ,
.
4.6.2
(1)
.
(2)
,
.
(3)
, .
(4) < 4-3>
.
(5) (90%) , 1.5m

.
4.6.3
(1) < 4-4> ,
25 .
(2)
.
(3) .
4.6.4 (rounding)
(1)
< 4-1>, < 4-2> .
< 4-1>
< 4-2>
4.7
4.7.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)
, , , .
(4) , ,

.
4.7.2
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , , , <31 >
.
4.8
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) , , ,
, .
(4)
.
5.1
5.1.1
. ,

.
5.1.2
(1) ( )
,
.
(2)
, .
(3) ( ) .
(4) ,
.
(5) .
(6)
.
(7) ()
.
(8)
.
5.1.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3) , .
(4)
.
5.2
5.2.1
(1) , ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) .
5.2.2
(1)
.
() .
() .
() .
() .
5.3
5.3.1
.
(1) .
(2) , ,
.
(1) .
(2) ,
, .
. ()
(1) .
(2) . ,
4m
.
. ()
(1)
, , , ,
, .
(2) 90 , 120 .
.
(1) .
.
(2) , 2% .
.
,
.
.
(1)
,

24().
(2) ()
.
(3)
.
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
5.3.2
.
(1)

19(
).
(2)
,

.
. (superelevation)
(1)
(superelevation)
.
(2) , 60km/hr

21( ).
.

20( ).
.
, , , , ,
5.4
5.4.1
(1)
.
(2) 12() .
5.4.2
(1)
.
(2) 2.5m 14().
5.4.3
(1)
.
(2) , 12m(
1.5m) , 3m
.
(3) .
5.4.4
(1)
.
(2) 1020m , ,
.
(3) ,
,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
5.4.5
(1) , ,
,
.
(2) ,
11() .
5.4.6 ()
(1)
.
(2) .
()

() ( , , )

() 30km
(3) 30km . ,
25km/hr .
(4) 2050m
. , , ,

.
(5)
.
(6) .
,
, .
(7) 4550cm 4550cm
. ,
5.5
5.5.1
(1) 4 ,
.
(2) 32(
) .
5.5.2
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) ,
, , .
5.5.3
(1)
4m .
(2) 68m 2m .
5.5.4
(1) , , , ,
.
5.6
5.6.1
(1) , ,
. , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) ,
.
5.6.2
(1) ,

.
(2)
.
(3) , ,
.
(4)
.
(5) (, , )
,
.
(6)
.
(7)
.
5.7
5.7.1
(1)
.
(2) (), (), .
5.7.2
(1) .
(2)
.
5.7.3
(1) ,
.
(2) () () . 30, 45, 60
.
(3)
3( ) .
5.7.4
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
5.7.5
,
, , .
5.8
5.8.1
(1) .
(2)
.
5.8.2
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
5.9
5.9.1
(1)

.
5.9.2
(1) .
(2) 1/18 . ,
1/12 .
(3) 120cm .
(4) 30m 1.5m 1.5m .
5.10
5.10.1
.
5.10.2
(1) , , .
(2) , 18cm , 26cm
.
(3) 2m 2m 120cm
.
(4) 1m ,
, 3m 3m . ,
15cm 30cm .
(5) 2
.
5.11
5.11.1

.
5.11.2
1030km/hr .
5.11.3
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) 2.53% 5% .
(5) 4% (90220m) .
(6) .
10m .
5.12
(1) 1 ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
6.1
6.1.1

.
6.1.2
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
4 .
(3)

.
(4) (rigid pavement) .
(5) SBR( )
.
(6) EPDM( )
.
(7) , ,
.
(8)
,
.
6.1.3
(1) 3 ()
.
(2)
.
6.2
6.2.1

.
6.2.2
.
(1) , 6cm, 8cm .
(2) KS F 4419( ) .
(3) 5.88MPa , 4.9MPa
, 7% .
.
(1) , ,
.
.
(1) 10-4cm/sec No.200 6% .
6.2.3
(1) 10-2cm/sec , 912% .
6.2.4 ,
(1) 1.03.5mm , ,
.
(2) (binder)
, .
(3) .
(4) .
6.2.5
(1) 10% , 20.58MPa , 5.88MPa
.
(2) .
6.2.6
(1) KS L 1001( ) , ,
, .
6.2.7
(1) 49MPa , 5% .
6.2.8
.
(1) 28 17.64MPa , 40mm .
.
(1) 10mm .
(2) (sealant) ,
.
(3) (joint filler) .
.
(1) KS D 7017( )
.
.
(1) .
6.2.9
.
6.2.10
.
SBR( ) 0.52mm 320mm
, 1216% .
.
1mm , 3mm , 16
20% .
.
.
.
KS M 6951( ) .
6.2.11
No.4 (4.75mm)
.
6.2.12
13mm ,
.
6.2.13
(soil cement) .
6.2.14
.
(1) .
(2) KS F 4006( )
5% .
.
49MPa , 5% , 2.52.7g/cm
.
6.2.15
2 .
6.3
6.3.1
.
()
()
()
()
()
6.3.2
(1)

.
(2) C.B.R. ,
C.B.R .
(3)
.
6.3.3
(1)
, .
(2)
, .
6.3.4

.
6.3.5
(1) 9m , 36m
, .
(2) 3m , 9m
, .
6.3.6
(1)
, .
(2) .
6.3.7
(1) 0.5% .
(2) ,
,
.
(3)
.
6.3.8
(1) .
(2)
.
6.3.9
.
6.3.10

.
6.3.11

.
6.4
6.4.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
(8) .
6.4.2

.
6.4.3
(1) 1/12 ,
1/18 .
(2) 5%
.
(3) 2% ,
5% . 3% ,
0.51% .
(4) .
6.5
6.5.1
6.4.2 .
6.5.2

.
6.5.3
(1) 2.53.0% , 5% . ,
1.52.0% .
(2) .
6.6
6.6.1

.
6.6.2
C.B.R.
.
6.6.3
(1) 1.5
2.0%, 24%, 36% .
(2) ,
25 () .
6.6.4
(1) 14 .
(2) 15 .
6.7
(1)
.
(2) , ,
.
7.1
7.1.1
,

.
7.1.2
(1) ,

.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) , .
7.1.3
(1)
.
(2)
.
7.2
7.2.1
(1) , , ,
, , , , ,
, , .
(2) ,
.
7.2.2
(1) , , , 4
.
(2) .
() .
()
.
()
.
() (),(),()
.
(3)
.
7.2.3
(1) < 7-1> .
(2) < 7-2> .
7.2.4
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
< 7-3> .
7.3
7.3.1
.
1m 1m
, 1m .
.
2% ,
10% .
.
, , ,
.
7.3.2
< 7-4> .
7.4
7.4.1
(1)
2% ,
.
(2)
.
7.4.2
(1) 5m ,
2m 2%
.
(2) (1)
.
7.4.3
(1)
.
7.4.4
(1) 4
.
7.4.5

.
7.4.6
.
7.5
7.5.1
7.3.2
.
7.5.2
7.4.4 .
7.6
(1) ,
.
(2) .
8.1
8.1.1

(, ) .
8.1.2
(1) 7 .
(2) 7 .
(3) 2 .
(4) 7 .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
8.1.3
(1) .
(2) ,

.
(3) , ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5)
.
(6) .
8.2
8.2.1
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) 7 .
(4) ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) , .
(3) .
(4) < 8-1> .
(5) 7 .
8.2.2
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) , , , .
(5) < 8-2> , , ,
.
(6) , , 22 23
.
.
(1) , .
(2) , , ,
, .
(3) < 8-3>
.
(4) 22
23 , ,
.
(5) 22 23
.
8.3
8.3.1

, () ,
.
8.3.2
.
(1) , ,
(2) , ,
(3) , , ,
(4)
(5)
8.3.3
.
(1) , , , ,
,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) , , .
.
(1) < 8-4> .
(2) < 8-5> .
(3) < 8-6> .
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .

, :
:
:
(7) ( ) .

, : (kg)
: (m)
: (m)
: ( 0.5)
: ( < 8-7> ,
<
8-7> .)
: (0.20.3)
(8) ( ) .

, : (ton)
: (m)
: m ( 1.3t/m)
(9) , .

, :
:
(10) < 8-8> .
8.3.4
(1) .
(2) .
(3) , 1.1m
,
.
(4)
.
8.4
8.4.1
, , , , .
8.4.2
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5)
.
(6) .
(7) .
8.4.3

.
8.4.4
(1) ,
.
(2) 1.52.0% .
(3)
.
(4) 1 2 ,
75mm .
(5) , 1.3%
2% .
(6) ,
.
(7)
.
(8) ,
.
8.4.5
,
.
8.4.6
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) 3 1, 7 1, 15 1 1
1/31/5 .
8.4.7
(1) , .
(2) ,
pH EC() .
8.4.8
, , , , , , ,
,
.
8.4.9
< 7-4> .
8.4.10
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
, , , , ,
.
(3) < 8-9> .
(4)
< 8-10> .
(5) < 8-11> .
8.5
(1) .
(2) 1.2m
.
8.6
.
8.7
(1) ,
.
(2) , .
(3) .
9.1
9.1.1
.

.
.
(1)
.
, : (kg/m)
: (1.25kgsec/m)
: ( 1.2 )
:
: (m/sec)
: (m)
(2)
(1) .
.
(1) .
(2) 9.1.1 . ,
.
(3)
.
9.1.2
(1) ,
.
(2) 10
.
(3)
3mm/ .
(4) (3)
,
.
(5) 12 .
9.1.3
.
20 5%
, 10-3cm/sec .
.
(1)
.
(2) 0.01% ,
0.2dS/m , pH(H2O) 7.8 ,
.
.
(1) ,
1.5m , 1.0m , 0.6m
.
(2) , 48
,
95% .
9.1.4
.
,
.
.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
.
1.5m , 1.0m , 0.6m ,
0.61.0m
.
9.1.5
.
( )
.
.
9.1.4 . .
.
1.5m , 1.0m , 0.6m
, 15 , 1.5
. .
.
(1) .
(2)
.
9.2
9.2.1
(1) , 108m/sec
.
(2) 3 ,
CH4 50ppm , CH4 500ppm
.
(3) , , , .
9.2.2
.
(1)
.
(2) .
() .
() .

.
()
.
.
2% ,
.
.
400m 1
,
.
9.2.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3)

.
9.2.4
(1) 10-8m/sec
,
.
(2) 0.3m 18vol.% ,
5vol.% .
9.3
(1) ,
.
(2) .
10
10.1
10.1.1

.
10.1.2
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
10.1.3
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
, .
10.1.4
(1)
.
(2) , , ,
, .
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5) .
10.1.5
(1) .
(2) 0.63.0m/sec,
0.83.0m/sec. 1.01.8m/sec .
(3) 0.5% . ,
U 0.2% .
(4) 0.2%
.
(5)
.
(6) .
(7)
,
.
(8) ,

.
(9)
, ,

.
10.2
10.2.1
(1) , , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , 10-4cm/sec
, ,
.
(4) , , ,
,
.
10.2.2
(1)
.
(2)
100m 1 .
(3) 1/201/30 .
(4) .
(5)
.
(6) 20m .
(7)
.
(8)
.
(9) .
(10) , .
10.2.3
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
10.3
10.3.1
,
.
10.3.2
(1)
, .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) .
10.3.3
(1)
, .
(2) , ,
.
() .
() 1/300 .
() .
()

.
10.4
10.4.1
(1)
, .
(2) , .
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) .
(6)
.
10.4.2
(1)
.
(2) .
10.4.3
(1) 12m, 0.51m
.
.
(2) .
10.4.4
0.51m
.
10.5
10.5.1
(1) , ,
,
(bio-retention) .
(2) .
10.5.2
(1)
() .
() .
()
.
(2) (trial pits)
.
(3)
.
(4) (, , /)
.
< 10-1>
10.6
(1)
.
(2) .
() , 1 .
() 1 , .
11
11.1
11.1.1
,
, , , , .
11.1.2
(1)
(), (), (), ()
.
(2) , .
(3) .
(4) , ,
, .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) ,
.
11.3
(1) , , ,
, .
(2)
.
11.2
(1)
.
(2) , , , .
(3) (STS) (PE) , .
.
(4) Sch10 ,
.
(5)
, , , , .
(6) , ,
, .
11.3
11.3.1
.

.
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , , .
(5) .
.
(6) , .
(7) .
(8) .
(9) .
(10) ,
.
(11) .
.
(1) .
(2) ()
.
.
.
.
(1) 2,
4 .
(2) ,
1/2, 2/3 .
.
, , , ,
.
.
(1) .
() ( : , , , , ) : 1 2
() ( : , , ) : 1 1
() ( : , ) : 2 1
(2) .
11.3.2
.
.
.
, , , .
.
.
11.3.3
.

.
.
, , < 11-1>
.
.

( )
, () (U.R.C)
.
.
, (), ,
(, , ), () ,
(, , ) .
.
(1) ,
, , ,
.
(2) < 11-2> .
.
,
, , ,
11.3.4
.
, , ,
, , .
.
(1) 2 .
(2) 1.62.3mm .
(3) 800mm ,
, .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) ,
.
(7) .
(8) .
(9) , .
.
(1) (, , )
3 , .
(2) .
(3) 5 5
, .
.
(1) .
(2) () .
(3) .
(4) , , ,
.
(5) .
(6) LED , .
.
(1) 261 1
.
(2) 261 (22)
150V .
.
LED ,
IP68 .
.
(1) , () .
(2)
.
.
(1) 300V .
(2) 3
( 10 ) .
(3) 75cm .
(4) 3
.
11.4
11.4.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) .
(5) .
11.4.2
(1) .
(2) .
11.4.3
(1) , , .
(2) .
(3) .
11.5
11.5.1
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
11.5.2
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) 34cm .
11.5.3
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
, .
(4)
.
(5) , .
11.6 ()
11.6.1
(1) .
(2) ()
.
11.6.2
(1) , , 3 .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5) , < 26-10>
.
11.6.3
(1) , .
(2) ,
(over flow) .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5)
, .
(6) .
11.7
11.7.1
(1)
.
(2) .
11.7.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
11.7.3
(1) , , .
(2) 3 .
(3) .
(4) , .
(5) .
(6)
.
(7)
.
11.8
.
(1) ,
, 3
.
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1) .
() :
() :
() :
() :
() :
(2) (control panel) < 11-3> .
.
(1) 4, 1
.
(2) 1 .
.
< 11-4> .
12 ,
12.1
12.1.1
.
12.1.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
12.1.3
(1) , , , .
(2)
.
12.2
(1) , ,
, .
(2) ,
.
(3) HI3P, PE, PVC,
.
12.3
.
.
(1) , , , ,
.
(2) .
(3) , , , .
(4) ,

(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
(8) , .
(9) , (by pass), (water
detector) .
(10) .
(11) ,
.
.
(1) PE, STS, ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
() .
()
.
()
,
.
.
(1) .
(2) , , .
(3) 60cm .
(4)
, , .
13
13.1
13.1.1
.
13.1.2
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
(7) .
(8) .
(9)
.
(10) , , ,
.
13.2
13.2.1
(1)
.
(2)
, .
(3) ,

.
13.2.2
(1) () .
(2)
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) . ,
.
(5) 2 .
13.3
13.3.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
13.3.2
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) ,
.
.
(1)
.
(2)
2 , 1
12.5% ( ) .
(3) .
1m .
(4)
.
13.3.3
.
(1)
, .
(2)
,
.
(3)
.
(4) .
.
(1)
()
.
()
.
() .
(2)
() .
() .
(3)
()
, .
()
.
() , 1
.
()
.
(4)
14
.
(5)
() 22
.
()
.
()
.
() ,
.
13.3.4
.
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
, 20.4 .
(5)
.
(6) 1/1.51/2 ,
( ) 2 , (/
2) 150 .
(7)
.
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1) .
(2)
.
.
(1) .
13.3.5
(1) ,
.
(2)
, CI (Cooperation Identity)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
13.4 ()
13.4.1
(1) , .
(2) (vista)
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5) .
13.4.2
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
, .
(4)
, 220260cm ,
300cm .
(5) ,
70% , .
(6) , 1214
(88105cm) .
(7)
.
(8) ,
.
13.5 ()
13.5.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) , .
(4) ,
.
13.5.2
(1) 24 ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) 2.53.0m .
13.6
13.6.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
13.6.2
(1) ,
.
(2) 4 ,
.
(3) , 34
46cm .
(4) .
(5) 2.53.0m .
13.7
13.7.1
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
, .
(5) U
. .
(6) , 2.5m 1.52m
60cm .
(7) 0.9m, 1.5m .
(8) 120 120cm, 180 180cm
.
13.7.2
(1) 1234 ,
, ,
, .
(2) ,
.
(3) 95110 ,
.
(4) 3446cm .
(5) 3845cm .
(6) .
(7) 1825cm , 3cm

, 1020 .
(8) 1 45cm , .
(9) 7585cm .
(10) 1516cm, 78cm,
1516cm .
13.8
13.8.1
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4)
.
13.8.2
(1) .
(2) , 3446cm
.
(3) 5cm
, .
(4) 20 .
13.9
13.9.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) ,
.
13.9.2
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) 3441cm , 2630cm .
(4) 2532cm, 1520cm
.
(5) 6480cm .
13.10
13.10.1
.
13.10.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) 3441cm .
(4) , .
(5)
.
13.11
13.11.1
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
13.11.2
(1) .
(2) . ,
.
(3) .
13.11.3
(1) ,
.
(2) 20.10 .
13.12
13.12.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
13.12.2
(1) .
(2) .
,
.
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) ()
. .
(6)
.
14
14.1
14.1.1
.
14.1.2
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
(8) .
(9)
, , .
(10)
.
(11) .
(12)
.
(13) ,
.
(14)
.
(15) .
(16)
.
(17) ()()()(
)() .
14.2
14.2.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
14.2.2
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) ,
.
(5) KS G 5756-1( 1:
) .
14.3
14.3.1
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) ( )
.
(5) () () ,

.
(6) .
(7) .
(8) ,
(KS G 5756-2, 5756-3, 5756-4, 5756-5, 5756-6, 5756-7 )
.
.

.
.

.
14.3.2
.
(1) , .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) 2m .
(5) 5m
.
(6) .
.
(1)
.
(2)
, 2 , 1 8.3%
( ) .
(3)
.
(4)
.
14.3.3
.
(1)
,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
(4) , .
(5) ,
.
(6) 2m ,
.
(7) 3.0m ,
2.0m ,
.
(8)
.
(9) .
(10)
.
(11)
.
(12)
.
(13) ,
.
.
(1)

.
(2)
() ,

( 30.5cm) .
() ,
.
() .
() .
()
.
(3)
() ,
.
() .
(4)
()
, .
() ( )
.
60cm .
() 5m ,
.
() ,
.
()
.
(5)
() 22
.
()
.
()
.
()
.
() ,
.
14.3.4
.
(1) .
.
(2) .
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
.
(1) .
(2) 14.3.3 .
14.3.5
.
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
.
, .
(1) .
(2) , , .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
(8) .
(9) .
.
(1) .
(2) .
.
.
14.4
14.4.1
.
30m ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) ,
.
.
5cm , 1220cm ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) 30cm .
14.4.2
.
(1) .
(2)
,
.
(3)
.
.
(1) 1.2()2.2m() .
(2) 3035 .
(3) 1 4050cm .
(4) .
(5) .
.
(1) 90cm
, 50cm ,
24 .
(2)
10cm .
(3) .
1.2m 15cm
.
.
1.2m
15cm .
.
5 16
.
14.4.3
.
123, ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
.
(1) 2 2.32.5m, 3.03.5m, 4.55.0m .
(2) .
(3) ,
, .
(4)
.
(5) .
.
(1) .
(2) 3545cm , .
(3) ,
.
.
(4) 25cm ,
, 150cm .
(5) .
.
(1) .
(2) 1m .
(3) 60cm .
14.4.4
(1) 2 3.6m, 1.8m .
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
14.4.5
.
(1) .
(2) 3m .
. //
(1) .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5)
.
14.4.6 /
.
14.4.7
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
14.4.8
2.54.0m ,
.
14.4.9
(1)

.
(2) 2040cm, 0.61.2m 1.5m
, .
(3) , .
(4) .
14.4.10
(1) ,
.
(2) , 30cm .
(3)
.
(4) .
14.4.11 /
(1) 1.2m
, .
(2) 80cm ,
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
14.4.12
(1) 35 , 50cm .
(2) 15cm , 1520cm .
(3) 1.2m .
(4) .
(5) , , , .
14.4.13
(1) 6570 , 4060cm .
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
(5)
.
(6) .
14.5
14.5.1
(1)
, .
(2) ,
.
14.5.2
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
14.6
14.6.1
(1) , ,
, , , , , ,
, , .
(2)
.
14.6.2
, , , , , ,
, .
14.6.3
(1) , , ,
, , , , , , .
(2) (sunken)
.
14.6.4
,
.
14.6.5
, ,
,
, .
14.6.6
(1)
.
(2)

.
(3) ,
.
14.6.7
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) , .
14.7
14.7.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
14.7.2
(1) , .
(2) ( )
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) ,
.
(6) , ,
,
.
(7)
.
15
15.1
15.1.1
(1)
.
(2) .
15.1.2
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)

, , , , , , ,
, , , , , , .
(4)
.
(5)
.
15.1.3
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , .
15.2
(1)
.
(2) , , , ,
.
(3) .
(4) 2 .
15.3
15.3.1
(1)
.
(2) , ,
, , .
15.3.2
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) 5m .
15.3.3
.
(1) .
() ,
() ,
()
()
()
(2) .
(3) , ,
.
(4) , ,
.
(5) .
(6) .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5)
.
15.3.4
.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(1)
()
.
() .
(2)
() .
() .
(3)
() .
() .
() .
(4)
()
.
()
.
() , 1
.
()
.
() ,
.
(5)
() 22
.
()
.
()
.
() ,
.
15.3.5
.
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) ()
.
(4)
, 20.4 .
.
, .
() .
() .
() .
() .
.
(1) .
(2)
,
.
.
.
15.3.6
(1) , , ,
.
(2) ,
, , ,
.
(3) , , ,

.
(4) , .
15.4
15.4.1
(1) , -
- , .
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) , ,
, .
(5) < 15-1>.
15.4.2
(1) 1.25m .
(2) 1/100 , 1/1,000 .
(3)
.
15.4.3
(1) , ,
.
(2)
, .
(3) .
15.5
15.5.1
(1) - .
(2) 12090m, 9045m ,

110100m, 7564m. , .
(3) 12cm , V ,
1.5m .
(4) (kick off-mark) 22cm , 9.15m
(center circle) .
(5) (penalty mark) 11m 22cm .
(6) 7.32m,
2.44m .
15.5.2
(1) .
.
(2) .
15.6
15.6.1
(1) - 515 ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) , .
(4) 23.77m, 10.97m, 8.23m.
15.6.2
(1) .
(2) 0.21.0% .
.
(3) .
.
15.7
15.7.1
(1) - .
(2) .
(3) < 15-2> .
(4) 18m, 9m , 7m
. 12.5m
.
(5) ,
.
(6) 5cm ,
.
(7) 3m .
(8) 5cm, 15cm 20cm
, , 3m
.
15.7.2
(1) ,
0.5% .
(2) .
15.8
15.8.1
(1) - ,
.
(2) .
(3) , 28m,
15m, 7m .
15.8.2
.
15.9
15.9.1
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) 2 38.975m, - 1 3
, 27.431m. 1 3 27.431m.
(4) 18.44m 1, 2, 3 38.1cm
.
(5) 18.288m .
(6) < 15-3> .
15.9.2
(1)
.
(2) .
, 0.30.7% .
15.10
15.10.1
(1) 40m, 20m.
(2) 1m, 2m .
(3) 8 8cm ,
28cm , 20cm
.
(4) , 5cm
, 8cm .
15.10.2
(1) ,
0.5% .
(2) .
15.11
15.11.1
(1) 13.4m, 6.1m.
(2) 4cm ,
3.96m .
(3) 1.55m .
(4) 0.76m, 1.524m, 1.55m .
15.11.2
(1) , 0.5%
.
(2) .
15.12
15.12.1
(1) 20m, 25m 15m, 20m , 1m
.
(2) ,
( ) .
(3) 20cm .
(4) 2 2 3 3/5 , 15m,
12m .
(5) 3 1 4 12.5m 10m

.
(6) 20cm .
15.12.2
(1) ,
0.5% .
(2) .
15.13
15.13.1
(1) 125m, 200m, 250m .
(2) < 15-4> .
15.13.2
(1)
2% .
(2) power trowel .
15.13.3
1.0m .
15.14
15.14.1
(1) 9m , 2m
.
(2) 0.30.7m .
(3) 0.10.2m .
(4) 5cm .
15.14.2
, .
15.15
15.15.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) , ,
, , , , , , ,
.
(4)
, .
15.15.2
(1) , 1% .
(2) .
15.16
(1) 50m, 25m, 10.
(2) 1, 2, 3 , .
(3) 1 1.82m.
(4) < 15-5> .
15.17
15.17.1
(1) - , 40m, 20m,
3842m, 1822m.
(2) 2.5m 8cm.
(3) 3m (center circle) .
(4) (penalty area) 6m 4
, .
4 3.16m .
(5) (penalty mark) 6m
, .
15.17.2
(1) .
15.18
(1) 15m, 3m, 6.5m.
(2) 5m
, 67m, 8m .
(3) 1.5m, 21cm( ).
15.19
15.19.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) , , ,
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
15.19.2
(1) 1 . ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
.
(4)
.
15.19.3
(1) ,
,
.
16
16.1
16.1.1
.
16.1.2

, ()
() .
16.2
16.2.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) CIP .
16.2.2
,
2 .
16.3
16.3.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5)
.
16.3.2
(1) .
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) .
16.3.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
16.3.4
,

.
16.3.5

16.3.6
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
16.4
16.4.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
(7) 1 ,
23 1 .
(8) ,
.
16.4.2

.
16.4.3
20 .
16.5
16.5.1
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) 120cm .
16.5.2
(1) .
(2) ,
3040m 3, 1, 1,
3 .
(3) , .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7)
.
(8)
.
(9) ,
.
16.5.3
(1)
.
(2) 20 .
16.6
16.6.1

.
16.6.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
16.6.3
20 .
16.7
16.7.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
16.7.2
(1)
.
(2) .
16.7.3
20 .
16.8
16.8.1
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) 1 .
16.8.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
16.9 ()
16.9.1
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
16.9.2
(1) , .
(2) , .
(3) .
16.10
16.10.1

.
16.10.2
(1)
.
() : 0.5m
() : 0.81.2m
() : 1.52.1m
(2) .
16.10.3
(1) ,
.
(2) , .
(3) 20 .
16.10.4
(1)
.
(2) , ,
, ,
.
16.11
16.11.1
(1)
.
(2)
, .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
16.11.2
(1) 1 ,
7( )
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4)
, 5% .
(5) CCTV ,
.
16.11.3
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) .
16.11.4
,
, .
16.12
16.12.1

.
16.12.2
(1) .
(2) , 100 1
( 1, 4) ,
.
(3) ,

.
16.12.3
(1) .
(2) ,
.
16.13
16.13.1

.
16.13.2
(1) .
(2) 110cm .
(3) 10cm . ,
15cm .
(4) 10cm .
16.14
16.14.1
(1)
.
(2) .
16.14.2 ,
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
16.15
16.15.1
(1)
.
(2) .
16.15.2
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
16.16 ()
16.16.1
,
.
16.16.2
(1) .
(2) 13
18 .
(3) .
16.17
16.17.1
(1)
.
(2) , (
), .
(3) .
16.17.2
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) . ,
50% .
16.17.3
20 .
16.18
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
16.19
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
16.20
16.20.1
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
, , , .
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5)
, .
16.20.2
(1)
, .
(2) 120cm , 100cm
.
16.21
16.21.1
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
(sealing) .
(3)
.
(4)
16.21.2 , ,
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6)
.
16.21.3
(1) , .
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) , ,
.
17
17.1
17.1.1

.
17.1.2
(1)
,
(sign) .
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
(5)

.
17.2
17.2.1
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
17.2.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
17.3
17.3.1
(1) , CI ,
.
(2) , , ,
.
17.3.2
.
,

.
.
.
.
, , .
.
,
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
17.3.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) .
(6) ,
.
(7)
.
17.3.4
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) (standing), (hanging), (sticking), (movable) .
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
(7)
.
(8) .
17.4
17.4.1 CIP
(1) CIP .
(2) (logotype) .
(3)
.
17.4.2
(1)
(identification), (direction), (information) .

(2) .
()
()
()
(3) .
()
()
()
()
(4) ( )
.
17.4.3
(1) , .
(2)
,
.
17.4.4
(1) .
(2) ,
. ,
.
17.4.5
, 45
.
17.4.6 ()
(1) .
(2) .
17.4.7
(1)
, .
(2) CI ,
.
17.5
(1) 31()
.
(2) .
(3) ,
.
17.6
(1) 9( ),
2 () .
(2) .
(3) .
17.7
(1)
.
(2)
.
17.8
(1) 1 ,
.
(2) , 2~3 1 .
(3) , , ,
.
(4) .
(5) ,
.
18
18.1
18.1.1
(1) 9( )
.
(2) , , , , , , ,
, , , .
(3) , , , , .
18.1.2
(1)

.
(2) 12( )

, .
(3) ,
.
(4) , ,
.
(5)
.
18.1.3
.
()
()
()
() ,
()
18.1.4

.
18.2
18.2.1
(1)
.
(2) , ,
.
(3)
.
(4) .
(5) ,
.
(6) ,
.
18.2.2
(1) , , (), , (, ,
), .
(2) .
(3)
.
18.3
18.3.1

, .
18.3.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
18.3.3
.

,
.
.
.

.
.
(), ( ),
() .
.

.
.
,
.

. , .
. ,
.
.

.
18.3.4
(1) .
(2)
, .
(3)

.
(4)
.
(5) , , ,
.
(6) .
23 .
18.3.5
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) . ,
.
(4) .
19 .
18.4
18.4.1
(1) .
(2) .
18.4.2
(1)
12( ) .
(2)
.
18.5
18.5.1
(), (),
() .
18.5.2
.
18.6
18.6.1
(1) .
(2)
18.6.2
(1) .
(2) .
18.7
18.7.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
18.7.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) , , ,
.
(5) 20 .
18.8
.

,
.
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 : .
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 : ,
.
(5) 5 : .
(6) 6 :
.
(7) 7 : ,
.
(8) 8 : .
(9) 9 :
.
(10) 10 : .
18.9
(1) 1 :
(2) 2 :
(3) 3 :
(4) 4 :
(5) 5 :
(6) 6 :
(7) 7 : ,
(8) 8 :
(9) 9 :
(10) 10 :
(11) 11 :
(12) 12 :
18.10
< 18-1> .
19
19.1
19.1.1

.
19.1.2

,
.
19.1.3
2(),
.
19.2
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
19.3
19.3.1
(1)
.
(2) , ( ),
.
19.3.2
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) LED
.
(6) , , ,
.
.
.
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
19.3.3
(1)
.
(2) , ,
, , , .
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
(5)
.
(6) .
(7) .
(8) .
(9) , , ,
.
(10) LED .
19.3.4
.
(1)

.
(2) .
(3) ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) , , , . .
, , , ,
, ( ), , , ,
.
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) .
(6)
.
.
(1) .
(2) , .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5) .
(6) ,
.
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , , , , ,
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5)
.
.
(1) , .
(2)
, .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) (14, 1m) .
(4) MCB, .
(5) (HI) .
(6) 600mm .
(7) CV 2 2.0mm .
(8) IV 1.6mm .
(9) IV 5.5mm (HI 16) .
(10) 2()
.
19.4
19.4.1
.
19.4.2
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) 5 KS A 3701( ),
. ,
.
(4)
.
(5) 50cm .
19.4.3
(1) , .
(2) , 3lx
.
(3) 50
100cm .
(4) 1 10 .
(5) 5 .
19.5
19.5.1
,
.
19.5.2
(1) .
(2) .
19.5.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5) ,
.
(6) .
(7)
.
(8) .
(9) 2m .
19.6
19.6.1
.
19.6.2
(1)
.
(2) .
19.6.3
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
19.7
19.7.1

.
19.7.2
.
19.7.3
(1) 1.0m .
(2) .
(3)
.
19.8
19.8.1

.
19.8.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) ( ) 350m 1 1
, 350700m 2 1 . ,
700m .
19.8.3
(1) , .
(2) 2.74.5m ,
.
(3) .
(4) KS A 3011( ) 530lx, 110lx
6lx
.
(5) LED .
(6) 1 , 12W 220V
.
(7)
.
(8) .
19.9
19.9.1
19.9.2

.
19.9.3
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) , 0.75m
. .
(4) .
(5) .
19.10
19.10.1

.
19.10.2
(1) .
(2) .
19.10.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) 1() 10 1 ,
.
19.11 //
19.11.1

.
19.11.2
(1) , , ,
, , .
(2) .
19.11.3
(1) 2m
.
(2) .
(3)
, .
19.12
19.12.1

.
19.2.2

.
19.2.3
(1) 815mm , ()
( ) .
(2) .
19.13
19.13.1

.
19.13.2
.
19.13.3
(1) UV
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
19.14
19.14.1
Core Clad

.
19.14.2
(1)
.
(2)
.
19.14.3
(1) .
(2) , , ,
, , , 10 .
(3) .
(4) .
(5)
.
19.15
.

. ,
,
.
(1) 1 :
, , , .
(2) 2 : ,
.
(3) 3 :
.
(4) 4 :
.
(5) 5 : ,
.
(6) 6 : ,
.
(7) 7 : , , , ,
.
19.16
, , , ,
, < 19-1> .
20
20.1
20.1.1
, ( ), ,
, , ,
.
20.1.2
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)
1.0 .
(4) () ()
.
(5) ,
.
(6)
.
(7)
.
(8)
.
(9)
.
(10) ,
.
(11) .
20.1.3

.
20.2
2 .
20.3
(1) .
()
. .
()
.
(2) , .
(3) ,
, 3()
.
20.4
20.4.1
,
.
20.4.2
(1) 4.2()
.
(2)
.
, 4.3( ) .
(3)
0305() .
(4)
.
20.4.3
(1) , ,
.
.
(2) ,
.
(3) 7(
) 49(
) .
20.4.4
(1)
, 2/10
.
(2) ,
.
20.5
20.5.1
,
, T , L , ,
.
20.5.2
(1) , ,
6.2(
) .
(2)
. .
(3)
6.3.2( ) .
(4) 2.0 6.3.3(
) .
(5) 1.5 6.3.1(
) .
(6) 1.5
6.3.4( ) 4.6.3() .
20.5.3
(1)
.
.
(2) .
(3) .
.
20.5.4
(1)
. ,
.
25 6( ) .
(2) 2.5m , 1.2m
1519cm 1.2m 2.5m 10cm
.
(3) 6.6. ( )
.
(4) () 12 ( )
20.6
20.6.1
, ,
.
20.6.2
(1) .
(2) , , ,
, , , () .
20.7
20.7.1
16.10 16.17 .
20.7.2
16.10 16.17 .
20.7.3
.
(1) , .
(2)
, 20.4.2 .
(3)
, 20.4.3 20.4.4
.
(1)
.
(2)
() 19cm . , 2m 9cm
.
() 2m
, 4m 1.5
. , ()
1.5 .
()
, .
(3)
() 15cm . 2m 9cm .
() 80cm
9mm .
(4) 20.4 .
20.8
20.8.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) ,
.
20.8.2
(1) 15cm
.
(2) ( ) 101108 .
(3) .
(4) 15 30 ,
20.8.3
(1) 6m .
(2) ,
.
20.8.4
(1) 4550cm , 5055cm
.
(2) 65cm , 8 85cm
, 12 95cm .
(3) 8 ( 95cm
12 ) , 4 ( 95cm
6 ) .
(4) 80cm ,
60cm 100cm .
(5)
15( 95cm 20) 100cm
.
(6) 3m 3m
.
20.8.5
, .
20.8.6
(1) 270kg/m .
(2) 2( )
.
(3)
.
20.9
20.9.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , , .
(5) , .
(6) .
20.9.2
(1) (, , , , )
.
(2) , , , ,
.
20.9.3
(1) , ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
() , ,
()
()
()
()
()
20.9.4
(1) , .
(2) .
20.9.5
(1) , , , .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) 2m 110cm
.
(5) 1/2 , .
(6) () 3mm , NONE
SLIP .
20.10
20.10.1
13.11 , 16.4 , 16.5 , 16.6 , 16.7
.
20.10.2
(1) , , , ,
.
(2) 32( )
.
(3) ,
.
20.11 ()
20.11.1
, , ,
(CO2) , , ,
.
20.11.2
(1) .
(2) , , Pot,
.
(3) .
20.12
.
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 : .
(3) 3 :
.
(4) 4 : .
(5) 5 : , , , , .
(6) 6 : .
(7) 7 : .
20.13
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 : .
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 : .
(5) 5 : .
(6) 6 : .
(7) 7 : , .
(8) 8 :
(9) 9 :
(10) 10 :
20.14
20.14.1
(1) .
(2) A, B, C, D, E : 5 (< 20-1> ).
(3) Q : Q
, .
(4) X : X
.
20.14.2
(1) .
(2)
.
20.14.3
,
, .
21
21.1
21.1.1
, , , , , ,
, .
21.1.2
(1) 2(1=50kg) .
(2)
.
(3) 20cm
.
(4) , , ( )
, .
(5)
.
(6)
, , .
(7) ,
.
(8)
.
(9) .
21.1.3
(1) , , , ,
.
(2)
.
21.2
21.2.1
, ,
.
(1) :
.
(2) :
.
(3) : ,
.
(4) :
.
21.2.2
(1) , , .
() FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic) :
.
() GFRC(Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) :
AR-Glass .
() GRC(Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement) :
AR-Glass .
() GRS(Glass Fiber Reinforced Slag) :
() , .
(2) ,

.
21.3
(1) .
(2) , .
(3) .
21.4
21.4.1
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5) , .
(6)
.
(7) .
(8)
.
21.4.2
(1) , ,
.
(2) .
(3) 2 ,
3, 5, 7 .
(4) 4 1, 2, 3 .
(5)
.
(6)
.
(7) 3 () (),
, .
(8) 5
.
(9) 1/3 .
21.5 ()
(1) , , , , ,
.
(2) .
(3) 15cm 3060cm
. (, , )
.
(4) , 4070cm
810cm . 2030% .
(5) , 2
3, 5, 7 .
(6) 30cm 3cm
5060cm 6cm .
(7) .
(8) 2, 3, 23, 34 .
(9) .
(10) .
(11) .
21.6
(1) , , , , , ,
.
(2)
, .
(3) 13m .
(4)
.
(5) 2030cm
.
(6) .
21.7
(1) .
(2) .
21.8 ( )
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) 3035 .
(4) 1518cm, 2530cm .
(5) 1 90110cm, 2 130cm .
(6) 2m 120cm
.
21.9
(1) .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
21.10
(1) , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) .
21.11
21.11.1
(1) , , , , ,
, .
(2) , , , , ,
.
21.11.2
(1) /(GFRC : Glass Fiber Reinforced concrete// GRC :
Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement) / .
(2) (GRS : Glass Fiber Reinforced Slag) /
, (KS F 2563) .
(3) AR-Glass .
(4) (), ()
10MPa, 40(5)kg / 20(5)mm .
(5) KS F 2408, KS F 2476 .
(6) 40MPa .
(7) KS F 2476 .
(8)
.
21.11.3 ()
(1) / ()
(Loss) / (60% ) .
(2) / ()
, 10m (), 10m (
) .
(3) / ()
.
(4) / (KSM 6010)
(KSM 6021) / .
(5) / .
(6) ( 1m ), , (H
: 2m), (W : 2m) .
(7) 50mm .
21.11.4
(1) / .
(2) / .
(3) / .
21.12
.
,
.
(1) 1 :
.
(2) 2 : , , , ,
.
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 :
.
(5) 5 : .
21.13
(1) 1 :
(2) 2 :
(3) 3 : ,
(4) 4 :
(5) 5 : ( )
(6) 6 :

(7) 7 :
22
22.1
22.1.1
(1)
.
(2) , , , 23 ,
25 , 26 .
(3) 24 .
(4)
.
22.1.2
(1) , ,
, , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
, , , , , ,
, , .
(4) ()
.
22.1.3
(1) , ,
.
(2) , ,
,
.
(3)
.
(4) ,
,
.
(5) ,
.
(6)
,
.
(7)
,
.

.
(8)
.
22.2
22.2.1
.
(1) , .
(2) .
(3) , ,
.
(4) .
.
(1) /, /, /
.
(2)
.
(3) ,

.
(4)
,
.
.
(1)
.
(2) , .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
.
(1) (H) . , ,
( : m).
(2) (B) 1.2m . ,
( : cm).
() 70%
70% .
() 70%
.
(3) (R) .

( : cm).
(4) (W)
( : m).
(5) (L) . ,
( : m).
.
(1)
() (m) (cm) , , ,
, , .
,
R=1.2B , .
() H(m)
B(cm) H(m) W(m) B(cm) .
()
H(m) R(cm) H(m) W(m) R(cm)
.
() H(m)
W(m) .
() H(m)
.
(2)
() (m) (m) , , ,
(), .
() H(m)
W(m) .
() H(m) W(m)
L(m) .
()
H(m) { W(m)} () .
() H(m)
() ()
(3)
() (m) (cm) , .
() L(m) R(cm), L(m) L(m)
.
(4)
() , .
(5)
.
22.2.2
.
(1) 3 ,
.
.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1) ,

.
(2) ( ) , ,
.
.
(1) (jute) .
(2) 5mm
(coconut fiber) (sisal yarn) .
(3) (jute) 6mm .
(4) 30mm 6 ,
.
. (, )
3( )
, .
. , , ,
(1) , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) , IBA, ,
.
(4) ,
.
.

,
,
.
.
,
.
.
(trellis)
.
(1) 12 .
(2) (turnbuckle) KS F 4521( )
,
.
(3) KS D 6006( )
, .
22.3
22.3.1
(1) :
(2) : , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
(3)
,
7 .
(4) ,
.
22.3.2
(1) 5
, 1020
, .
(2) , , ,
, .
22.3.3
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
15% .
(3) < 22-1> ,
.
(4) 100m 13(3.55m ), 16( ), 66
(23/m) ( ) ,
.
22.3.4
.
(1) , ,
.
.
(2) ,
70% .
(3) , , ,
, 80% .
(4) 20m .
(5) 1020m .
(6) 200300m .
(7) 610m ,
.
(8) ,
.
(9) .
(10) .
(11) .
.
(1)
, .
.
(2) 30m .
(3) 50m .
(4) 20m , 20m
.
(5)
80% .
.
(1)
. 4m 50%
.
(2) 50200m
, , , .
.
() 30m .
() 100m .
() 1km
1km .
(3) ,
, .
(4)
.
(5) .
.
(1) .
(2) , , .
(3)
.
(4) ,

, .
(5) .
.
(1) 3m , 8cm 10cm
, 50%
.
(2)
, 1 2 .
(3) 1.0m , 4.0m
.
(4)
.
22.4
22.4.1
.
(1)
. 3m, 2m 10
, (2) .
(2) 6m . ,
4.57.5m .
.
(1) (m)
, ,
.
(2)
.
.
(3) 0.250.75m, 23 ,
.
22.4.2
.
8/100m, 12/100m, 5/100m, 6
/100m .
.
< 22-2> .
.
(1) 3.5/100m
, 5/100m,
2/100m .
(2) ,
510/100m, 30% .
(3) 1020
/100m, 3070% .
(4)
2040/100m, 70% .
(5)
.
22.4.3
(1) 10m 2 6
.
(2) 10m .
(3)
( 1.5m ) 1.01.5m .
(4) 810m , 6m .
22.5
22.5.1
(1) 2m
, 2m
.
(2)
, .
() 1.2m .
() 2 2 1.22.5m
.
() , 1.24.5m
, .
() () 20cm
.
() .
()
.
() ,
2/3 .
(3) ,
.
22.5.2
(1)
, .
(2) 10cm 3m .
(3) , , .
(4) 60% ,
, 10cm , 1/2
.
22.5.3
, 20cm ,
.
22.5.4
,
, .
22.5.5
(1) , , ,
.

(2) 7 .
(3) 12kg/m ,
, , 6g/m .
22.5.6
,
, .
(1) .
(2) 6090 .
22.5.7
, , ,
.
22.5.8 ( )
(1) ()
() .
(2) (trellis),
.
22.5.9

.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4) , .
(5) .
22.5.10 (, )
22.5.11

, .
22.6
22.6.1
.
(1) .
(2)
2 , , , .
(3) , .
.
.
(1) .
.
(2) () 80% .
(3) ,
.
22.6.2
.
(1) ,
. .
.
(1) 56 , 2
, , , , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) .
.
(1)
12 .
.
(1) , , , , , ,
, .
.
(2) .
22.6.3
(1) 20cm .
(2) .
22.6.4
(1) , ,
.
kg
, : (0.5)
: (m) ( 0.8)
: (m)
: (0.20.3)
:
(2) < 22-3> .

(3) ,
< 22-4> .
1,700kg/m , 1,300kg/m .
22.6.5
(1)
.
(2) ,
< 22-5> . ,
1.2 .
22.6.6
(1) .
23 ,
23.1
23.1.1
(1) ,
.
(2) , , , ,
, , ,
.
(3)
.
(4) 25 26
.
23.1.2
(1)
.
(2) ,
, .
(3)
.
(4)
() .
23.1.3
(1) , , .
(2) , ,
, .
(3) ,
.
23.2
23.2.1
(1) , , , .
(2) , ,
, .
(3) ,
.
23.2.2
.
(1)
.
(2) 0.251mm 60%
, 14%() .
.
(1) 98% , 60%(), 80%()
. .
(2) , .
, .
(3) , ,
. < 23-1> .
.
, ()
.
23.3
(1) , ,
, .
(2) , .
, , .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , , , .
(6) POT, , ,
.
23.4
23.4.1
.
(1) 56 .
.
(2) 910 , 36 2 . 78
.
.
(1) , , , .
(2) .
, : (g/m)
: m (/m)
: g (/g)
:
:
(3) m 23,00040,000 .
(4) 1(100%) < 23-2> .
(5) 1.5 .
23.4.2
.
(1) 46, 910 34
.
(2)
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , .
(3) 100% , .
(4) .
23.4.3
(1) .
(2) (stolonizing or sprigging) .
(3) 510cm
.
(4) .
23.4.4
.
(1) , , ,
.
(2) ,
10 .
(3) 2%
,
.
(4) 2% , .
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) 0.251mm 60%
, (peat) 14%()
.
(5) ,
. < 23-1>< 23-5>
(6)

.
(7) (green) .
(8) , , ,
, .
< 23-1> (slit drainage system)
<23-2> (sand carpet drainage system)
< 23-3> (thin rootzone-two layer system)
< 23-4> (USGA system)
< 23-5> (PURR-WICK system)
.
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
.
23.5
23.5.1
(1) 34 6 1 ,
8 2 , 11 3
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) ,
6
.
(4) , <
23-3> , . ,

.
23.5.2
(1) 35, .
(2) 810, .
(3) ,
, .
(4) , , ,
.
23.5.3
(1) .
()
() , ,
()
()
() ,
()
(2)
(< 23-4>
).
(3)

.
(4) , , ,
.
(5) .
(6) .
24
24.1
24.1.1
(1) .
(2) , , , , ,
, , ,
.
(3)
.
24.1.2
(1) , ,

.
(2) .
(3)
( )
.
(4)
.
(5) , ,
.
24.1.3
(1) , .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) ,
.
(5) , , ,
.
24.2
(1) , , .
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) 14%() ,

14%() .
24.3
24.3.1
(1) (heading or heading back) (thinning or thinning out)
, , , .
(2)
, 13
(pollarding).
(3)
() .
(4)
.
(5) .
24.3.2
, , , .
() 1 , ,
23 .
() 1 , , ,
23 1 .
24.3.3
.
() 1011 .
() 56, 910 .
() (78) (113) .
() , ,
.
() , , , , , , , 5
9 .
() , , ,
.
24.4
24.4.1
(1) (< 24-1> ).
(2) () (, , , ,
) , , 6g/m .
(3) ()
.
(4)
, , 10g/m .
(5) (10 11
) 2 3 1 .
(6) 4 6 1 .
(7) , ,
.
24.4.2
(1) , (N) : (P2O5) : (K2O)
3 : 1 : 2 2 : 1 : 1 .
(2) 12kg/m 1 .
(3) (N) : (P2O5) : (K2O) 3 : 1 : 2 2 : 1 : 2
.
(4) 3
6 7, 8 .
(5) 1 (N), (P2O5), (K2O) 3g/m, 1g/m,
2g/m .
(6) < 24-2> .
24.4.3
(1) .
(2) 1,
23 .
(3) 1 1 12kg/m .
(4) 23 1 (N), (P2O5), (K2O) 5g/m
.
24.5
24.5.1
(1) , , , , , .
(2)
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) .
(5) 30cm .
(6) .
(7) ,
.
24.5.2
(1) 23 1, .
(2) , 5cm .
(3) .
24.5.3
(1) , , , , .
(2)
(transevaporation) .
(3) 26/ .
(4) .
(5) , 5cm .
(6) .
24.5.4
(1) , , , .
(2)
.
(3) 5/ , 310 .
(4) 5 , 10 10 .
(5) 10cm , 30cm .
24.6
24.6.1
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4)
, ,
(preemergence herbicide) .
(5) 2,4-D
.
(6) .
24.6.2
(1) , .
(2) 3 4 (preemergence herbicide) 1
.
(3) 2,4-D
(postemergence herbicide) 1 .
(4)
.
(5) ( ) .
24.7
24.7.1
(1) .
(2) , .
(3) , , , ,
.
(4) , .
(5) .
(6) .
24.7.2
(1) 4 ,
.
(2) 2
.
(3) .
(4) (, , , )
.
(5)
.
(6) 2
.
(7) , .
24.7.3
(1)
.
(2) ,
Rhizoctonia

.
(3) 6, 7, 8
.
24.8
24.8.1 ,
(1) .
(2)
(, ) .
24.8.2
(1) .
(2) ( ) ,
.
(3) .
(4) (, , , ILP )
.
(5) , ,
1m .
24.8.3
(1) , , , .
(2) ,
.
(3) , ,
.
24.8.4
(1) ,

.
(2) ,
.
(3) () (
) , .
24.8.5
(1) ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) , , (), ,
.
(4) .
24.9
24.9.1
(1) , , .
(2) 1/3 .
(3) 68, 5, 6 9, 10 .
(4) 3.57cm , 25cm .
(5) 5 , 10
.
25
25.1
25.1.1
. ,
.
25.1.2
(1)
, .
(2) 1
. , .
(3) , ,

5cm
, 5cm ,
2 .
(4)
.
(5) .
(6) .
(7)
.
25.1.3
(1) .
(2) , 3.2.4
.
(3)
.
25.2
25.2.1
(1)

.
(2) , .
,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
25.2.2
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) (),
()
.
25.2.3
< 25-1> .
25.2.4
, , ,
.
25.2.5
(1) .
(2)

.
(3) .
() . ,
.
(4) 15
,
.
(5) 1
.
(6) (1m 1m) 3 ,
.
.
(7)

.
(8) .
() . ,
.
(9) ,
( )

, .
25.2.6
(1) < 25-2>
. ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) (2009)
.
25.3
25.3.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , , , .
(5) .
(6) , ,
.
(7) , ,
.
(8) , , , ,
, .
(9) ,
.
(10) , , , PVC
.
(11) , , ,
.
25.3.2
(1) 30% , 50% .
(2) 2 70% , 95%
.
(3) 20% , 70% .
(4) ,
,
.
(5) ,
.
(6)
.
(7) ,
.
(8) , .
25.4
25.4.1
.
(1) , , .
(2) , ,
, .
(3) , , ,
.
() :
() :
() : ,
() , ,
.
.
(1) , , , , , , , , ,
, , .
(2) (pH), .
(3) 27mm .
(4) , , , , , , ,
.
.
(1) , , .
< 25-3> .
(2)
.
() 25mm
()
() , , ,
()
.
(1) , ,
.
(2)
, , , , , ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , .
25.4.2
(1) ,
.
(2) , , , , ,
, , ,
.
25.4.3
(1) ,
.
(2) , , , ,
, , , , , .
(3)
.
(4) < 25-4> .
25.4.4
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , , ,
.
(3)
() ,
. 8001,500/m
.
() ,
.
() 1,000/m
.
(4)
23 1,0001,500/m
.
(5)
,
, 1,0002,000/m .
(6) () ()
, ()
.
(7) , ,
,
.
.
, .
, : (g/m)
: (/m)
:
:
: 1g (/g)
:
:
:
.
(1) , , ,
.
(2) 50 1030% ,
10% .
(3) 1030% (7,8 20%, 10, 11 30%),
3050% (7, 8 40%, 911 50%) .
25.4.5
(1) .

.
(2) 56 . .
(3) 46 . 23
.
25.5
25.5.1
(1)
.
(2) 2030cm, 1015cm ,
.
25.5.2
(1) .
(2)

, .
(3) .
(4) 5cm
, 35 X
2m (, 6mm) .
25.5.3
(1) 1 : 1 .
.
(2) 2cm . 20cm
.
25.5.4
(1) .
(2) .
(3) , , , , .
(4) 2030cm , 2030cm .
2030cm .
25.6
25.6.1
(1)
23
.
(2) .
(3) 3 1 ,
, 2 .
25.6.2
(1) ,
.
(2) , 0.3m
, 1.0m .
(3) .
.
(4)
.
25.6.3
(1) ,
() .
(2) , , 0.81.0m,
0.50.6m , .
(3) ,
.
25.6.4
(1)
.
(2) 23m, 0.61.0m
.
(3) () , ,
.
(4) .
25.7
25.7.1
.
(1) ,
.
(2)

.
(3) ()
.
(4)
.
.
(1) ,
25.4.4 . .
(2) 10% .
.
(3) , 1
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) , .
25.7.2
(1)
, .
(2) .
,
.
(3) .
.
(4) 250g/m .
(5) 1,0002,000/m
8001,500/m . , ,
.
25.7.3 +
(1) .
(2) .
.
(3) .
(4) , 20cm
.
(5) 2 .
(6)
.
25.8
25.8.1
.
(1) 2 .
(2) .
() : , ,
.
.
() : , ,
.
(3) ,
. (1 : 0.5 )

.
(4)
(), (), ( ) .
(5) PVC
.
(6) .
.
(1) , ,
4% ,
60% .
(2) 30% .
(3) .
(4) , , , ,
,
.
(5) , ,
.
(6) , .
.
(1) , , .
(2) , ,
, 1 : 0.5
310cm
.
(3) (1 : 0.3 ) 715cm
.
(4) pH 9.0 pH 4.0 20%
.
.
(1) ,
,
.
(2)
,
2
. ,
.
(3)
.
, ,
.
(4)
() ,
. , , ,
.
()
.
() .
() , .
(5)

.
25.8.2
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) . .
(4) .
.
(5) 15cm , 1.5m , 10cm 1.5m,
3.0m ,
, 1m 1 .
(6) 2 65%
. .
25.8.3 2
(1) 2 ,

.
(2) ,
.
(3)
,
.
25.9
25.9.1
(1)
.
.
(2)
, ,
, .
(3) 35cm .
25.9.2
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) 610cm, 15cm, 2025cm, 2535cm ( 28cm)
, 1m 1520( 18) .
(4) .
25.9.3
(1) ,
.
(2) , , () .
(3)
.
(4) () , , 2.5mm
. 16,
30cm, 12cm, 12cm.
(5) .
(6) U ( 25cm) 1 12
. .
0.5m .
25.10
25.10.1
,
.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
25.10.2
.
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 :
.
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 : .
(5) 5 : ,
.
(6) 6 : .
(7) 7 :
.
(8) 8 : .
25.10.3
(1) < 25-5> .
(2) < 25-6> .
(3) < 25-7> .
25.10.4
.
(1) , 3
.
(2) 50% , 75%
. , , , .
(3) .
.
(1) (quadrat method) . 1m 1m
3 .
.
(2)
(3) ,
, , , ,
. .
.
(1) 120 .
(2) 1m 3
, 25cm 25cm 10 1m
.
(3) .
(4) 1 4 .
(5) ,
(T/R, ) 5 .
(6)
.
(7) .
(8) 3 ,
, , , ,

(9) .
(10) ,
.
(11) . <
25-8> .
25.11
(1) , .
(2) ,
, , ,
, .
26
26.1
26.1.1
(1) . ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) , , ,
, , ,
.
26.1.2
(1)
, , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) ()

.
(4) () , ,
.
(5) , ,
.
(6) ,
.
(7)
.
(8)
.
(9)

.
(10)
.
(11)
.
(12)
.
(13)
.
(14)
.
(15)
.
26.1.3
(1)
, , .
() : ,

() :

() :

(2)
< 26-1, 26-2> .
(3) ,
.
()

()
() ,

(4) ,
, () .
() , ( ), (
), (, , , ), , , ,
.
()
, , .
()
, .
(5) ,
.
() , ,
, , , ,
.
()
, ,
.
()
.
() , , ,
, , .
() , , ,

.
26.2
26.2.1
(1) , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , .
(2) ,
,
.
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
26.2.2
.
(1) , , , ,
(9.2.2.) .
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) .
(6) ,
.
(7)
.
.
(1) A1 30cm 50cm
.
(2) .
(3) 7 25
.
.
7 25 .
.
(1) ,
(< 26-3, 26-4, 26-5> ).
(2) , , ,
(9.2.2) .
(3)
.
() 7.84MPa ,
17.64MPa .
() 20% 75%
.
(4) (),
.
26.3
26.3.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
26.3.2
(1)
.
() , .
() , , ,
.
() .
() .
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) .
26.3.3
(1)
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) 10km
, 1
3km .
26.3.4
(1) ,
, , (< 26-6> ).
(2) , , , ,
.
(3)
, , , ,
.
(4) , , , , , ,
,
.
(5) 1
, ,
.
(6)
, , .
26.3.5
(1)
,
, , , (< 26-7> ).
(2) , , ,
(< 26-1> ).
< 26-1>
26.3.6
(1)
.
(2) 2
2m 1/3, 2m 1/3 2/3

.
< 26-2>
(3) 1 , 1 4
.
(4)
.
(5)
.
(6) .
26.3.7
(1)

.
(2)
.
(3) , , pH, T-N, T-P, , ,
(, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Hg ) .
(4)
.
26.3.8
(1) , ,
.
(2) , , ,
.
(3) ,
, , .
(4)
, , , .
26.3.9
(1) (, , , , )
.
(2) , , , .
(3) , , , .
(4)
.
(5)
, .
(6) , , 3 3
.
(7) , , , ,

.
(8) ,

.
(9) , , ,
, .
(10)
, , .
26.3.10
(1) , , , ,
, .
(2) , , .
(3) , , 4
1 .
(4) , , , ,
, , , , , .
(5)
.
(6) ,
, ,
.
26.3.11
(1) , ,
.
(2) , , .
(3) , ,
, , 3
.
(4) , ,
.
(5)
.
26.3.12
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) , , .
(4) , ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6)
, , .
(7) ,
1 ,
.
(8) ,
(, , , , , , )
.
26.4
26.4.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) , , ,
.
() , , , , ,
.
()
.
() , , , ,
, ,
( )
.
() , ,
,
.
() , , , , ,
,
.
()
.
(4) .
() ,
, ,
.
()
, , ,
, ,
,
.
()
,
,
.
()
.
()
.
26.4.2
(1)

.
()
()
()
() , ,
(2)
, , ,
.
()
()
() ,
()
()
(3)
.
() , .
()
.
()
.
() .
() , , ,
, , .
(4) .
() .
()
()
(5)

.
() , ,
()
()

() .

() .

()
()

() , , , , .
(6) ,
.
() ,
, , .
(7) , , ,
, , ,
, ,
.
(8)
,
.
(9)
1/3 .
(10) , .
, 1/3 ,
() .
(11) , ,
.
(12) 2 , , ,
.
(13) , ,
.
(14) ,
, ,
, , ,
.
26.4.3
(1) ,
, ,
.
(2) ,
, , ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
,
.
(5) , , , ,
.
(6) ,
,
.
26.5
26.5.1
(1) ,

.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) () () ()
() () (biotope) ,
.
(6) , ,
,
,
.
(7)
.
(8) , ,

.
(9)
, , , ,
( ) .
26.5.2
(1) ,
( 26-3).
(2) ,
. ,
, , ,
.
< 26-3>
26.5.3
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4)

.
(5)
.
(6)
.
(7)
,
.
(8)
.
26.5.4
(1) (ecotone) ,
.
(2) (vegetation filter stripe) .
(3) , ,
.
(4)

( 26-4).
(5)

.
(6)
.
(7) (
, ) .
< 26-4>
26.5.5
(1)
.
(2) ,
() .
(3) ,
(< 26-8> ).
(4) 27.7.2 .
(5) .
(6) ()
.
(7) ,

.
(8) .
26.5.6
(1) ,
, , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4)

,

.
(5)

.

70cm
< 26-5>
.
(6) ,
30 ( 26-5).
26.5.7
.
(1)
.
(2) , , , , ,
.
(3) , , , ,
.
.
(1) (,
, ) ( 26-6).
(2) ,
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) ,

.
(5)
.
< 26-6> ()
26.5.8
.
(1) , , , ,
, , , .
(2) , , ,
.
(3) ,
, .
(4)
.
(5) , , ,
, , , .
(6) , ,
.
()
()
()
()
()
() .
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , ,
, , 79m,
0.10.4 .
(3) , , .
(4) ,
.
.
(1) , , , , ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
< 26-7>
26.5.9
.
(1) , ,
.
(2)
.
() 500,000m 10%
() 500,000m 1,000,000m 8%
() 1,000,000m , 8% ,
100,000m .
(3) , , ()
.
.
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
, , , ,
.
(3)
.
.
(4)
.
(5) ,
100cm .
(6)
.
(7)
, .
(8) 120cm ,
100cm .
.
(1)
.
(2) , , ,
.
(3) ,
, .
(4)
.
(5) ,
1m , 0.5m
.
(6)
.
.
(1) ,

.
(2) ,
.
(3) , , ,
.
(4) ,
, .
(5) , , ,
.
(6) ,
.
.
(1) , ,
, ,
.
(2) , ,

.
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
.
(1) , , , ,
.
(2) 3 1 ,
, , ,
.
(3) ,

, 2.5m
60cm ,
.
(4)
.
(5)
.
(6) ,

.
26.6
(1) ( ), ( 150 ), (
, 30150 ), (, 30 ),
() , ( 26-8).
(2) , ()
() .
< 26-8>
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) ,
() ()
.
.
(6) ,
(< 26-9, 10, 11, 12> ).
(7) ,

.
(8)
(< 26-13, 14> ).
(9) 23cm 150
,
, ,
.
(10) ( 26-9) ,
(< 26-15> ).
< 26-9>
26.7
26.7.1
(1)
,

.
(2) ,
(, , ) , , ,
.
(3) (< 26-16> ).
(4) ,
(ecotone) , ()
, ,
(< 26-17> ).
26.7.2 ()
(1) ,
.
(2)
,
,
.
(3) 2/3,
1/3 , 3060cm
.
(4) , , ,
.
(5) (< 26-18> ).
26.7.3
(1)
(< 26-19, 20, 21> ).
(2) ()
.
(3) ,
.
(4) , ,
, 0.31.0m .
26.7.4
(1) ,

.
(2) , ,
.
(3) , , ,
, ,
.
26.8
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , ,
.
27
27.1
27.1.1
(1) , ,
(biotope)

.
(2) , , .
27.1.2
(1) ,
.
,
6m .
(2) ,
, , , ,
,
.
(3) , ,
.
(4)
, , ,
.
(5)
.
(6) , , ,
,
.
27.1.3
(1) , , .
(2) .
(3) , .
(4) (buffer zone)
,
, , .
(5) ,
, (corridor) ()
.
(6)
.
(7) .
(8)
.
(9)
.
(10) ,
.
(11) .
(12) , , .
(13) , , , , ,
.
27.2
27.2.1
(1) , (), ,
, , , , , , ,
, .
(2) ,
.
(3) ,

.
(4) ,
,
.
(5)
.
27.2.2
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
(8) , .
(9) .
(10) .
(11) .
(12) < 27-1> .
.
(1) A1 30cm 50cm
.
(2) .
(3) 7 25
.
.
(1) 7 25 .
.
(1) , , , 9.2.2 () .
(2)
2 .
(3) , ,
.
27.3
27.3.1
(1) , .
(2) , ,
. ,
.
(3) , ,
.
(4) , , .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) , , .
(8) .
27.3.2
(1) , ,
,
.
(2) .
(3) 5m .
(4) , .
(5) .
(6) .
27.3.3
(1) 1 ( 20ppm) .
(2) , , ,
.
(3) , .
(4) , .
(5) (), (Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn ) .
27.4
27.4.1
(1) , ()
.
(2)
.
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5)
.
(6) .
27.5
27.5.1
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5)
.
(6) , , , , ,
, ,
.
27.5.2
(1) 34m
.
(2) 2m .
(3) .
27.5.3
(1) 1.52m
, .
(2) .
(3)
.
27.5.4
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) , , , ,
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
(7) .
27.5.5
(1) pH,
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) ,
.
(5) .
() : , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
() : , , , , ,
() : , , ,
() : , , , , , ,
(6) , .
27.5.6
(1) , , (), , , .
(2)
.
(3)
.
27.5.7
(1) (, )
.
(2) , ,
.
27.6
(1)
.
(2) (), (), ()
.
27.7
27.7.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) , .
(4) .
27.7.2
(1)
,
.
(2)
,
.
(3) , .
(4) , , .
27.7.3
(1)
5 5m 11.5m .
(2) .
27.7.4
(1) .
(2) , , .
, .
(3) .
27.8
(1) .
(2) 1 : 1 .
(3) .
27.9
27.9.1
(1) (
) .
(2)
.
(3) , , .
27.9.2
(1) (ecotone)
.
(2) 50cm .
(3) , 1030cm .
(4) .
(5)
.

.
(6) ,
.
(7)

.
< 27-1>
27.9.3
(1) , .
(2) , .
(3) .
27.9.4
(1) .
< 27-2>
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) ,
() .
(6) ,
(< 26-8> ).
(7) 27.7.2 ( )
.
(8) .
(9) .
(10) ,

.
(11) .
27.9.5
(1) , ,

.
(2) ( ) 3060, R/B 314
.
(3) (B) (R) (R/B) 3R/B10, ( )
30 60 ,
.
27.9.6

.
27.9.7
(1) VFS
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) .
27.10 ( )
.
, , , , ,
. .
.

.
.
, .
.
.
27.11
(1)
,
.
(2) ,
.
27.12
.
27.12.1
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 : .
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 : .
27.12.2
(1) , , , ,
, , ,
, , , , 1 .
(2) , , ,
.
(3) AHP ,
< 27-2> .
(4) ,
< 27-3> .
(5) < 27-4> .
28
28.1
28.1.1
. ,
.
28.1.2
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5)
.
(6)
.
(7)
.
(8) ,
.
(9)
.
28.1.3
(1) .
(2) (, )
.
(3) () ,
.
( , 3.2.4
.)
(4) .
28.2
28.2.1
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , ,
.
(6) ,
.
(7) ,
.
28.2.2
(1) 30% , 50% .
(2) 2 70% , 95%
.
(3) ()
()
.
() , .
() .
() 20%, 50% .
(4) ()
()
.
() 30% , 60% .
(5)
() .
, .
28.3
28.3.1
.
(1) , , , ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) , , ,
.
() :
() :
() : ,
(4) , ,
.
(5) .
.
(1) , , , ,
, 10
.
(2) , , , , , .
(3) , ,
.
(4) , .
(5) , , , ,
, , .
(6) .
.
(1) , .
(2)
.
(3) , ,
.
.
(1) ,
.
28.4
28.4.1
.
(1)
.
(2) , , , , ,
.
(3) , .
.
(1) 2
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
.
(1)
.
(2)
, .
.
(1) .
(2) , ,
.
(3) .
(4) ,

(5) ,
.
(6) , ,
.
(7)
.
29
29.1
29.1.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
29.1.2
(1) ,
. ,

.
(2) ,
,

.
29.1.3
30 (
20 ) .
29.1.4
(1) .
(2) , , .
(3) , , , ,
.
(4) 30cm .
(5) ,
.
(6) ,
.
29.2
(1) , , .
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) .
(6) ,
, , ,
.
29.3
.
(1) ,
.
(2) , , .
(3)
.
(4) , ,
.
(5)
,
.
.
.
() : 20, 10
() : 10, 5
() : 5
.
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
6 : 4 .
(3) ,
.
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
(4) .
29.4
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
(1) ,
.
(2) 1.5m 1.5m
,
.
(3) .
.
1530%
.
.

< 29-1> .
.
.
.
(1) 7 < 7-1> < 7-2>
.
(2) .
29.5
29.5.1
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) , .
(5) .
(6) , .
29.5.2
.
,
.
(1)
() ,
.
() 1.55km .
() 2km 34
.
(2)
() 1.2m 60cm( 1.2m, 2.1m)
.
() 2.43.2m .
() , 2m
, 2.4m .
(3)
()
.
() 30% ,
.
.
, ,
.
.

, .
.

.
.
(1) ,
, ,
.
(2) (fieldscope)
.
.
(1) , , .
(2) 17 .
.
(1) , .
(2) , .
(3) .
30
30.1
30.1.1
(1)
.
(2) , .
30.1.2
, ,

.
30.1.3
(1) .
()
.
() .
() .
(2)
.
(3) .
30.2
30.2.1
(1) ,

.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4)
, .
30.2.2
(1) , ,
,
.
(2) ,
.
30.2.3
(1)
. , ,
, , , 1
(< 30-1> ).
(2)
.
, , ,
, ,
.
30.2.4
(1)
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
(2) (2.3)
.
(3)
.
(4) 500m
.
30.2.5
(1) ,
, .
30.2.6
(1) ,
.
(2) , < 30-1> .
(3) , .
(4) ,
, .
(5) .
(6) ,
.
(7) .
() : , , , ,
.
() : .
() :
, .
() : ,
.
(8) .
() : .
() : ,
.
() : ,
.
() :
.
() : , ,
.
() :
.
() :
, .
() :
.
() : ,
, .
() :
.
() : ,
.
(9)
, .
() :
.
() : ,

.
() :
.
30.2.7
(1) ,
.
()
, ,
/,

/
()
/
,

/

()
//

/

(2)
, .
30.2.8
(1) , .
(2) , .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) , , ,
.
(8) , , .
30.2.9
(1)
, .
(2) ,
30.3
30.3.1
(1) , .
, .
(2) ,
.
(3)

.
30.3.2
(1) (Fencerow, Hedgerow)
() .
() .
() .
() .
(2) (Shelterbelt)
()
.
() , .
(3)
()
.
() ,
.
() , .
30.4
30.4.1
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5)
.
30.4.2
(1) , , .
(2) .
(3) .
30.4.3 ,
(1) ,
.
(2) 30m , 50m
.
(3) , .
(4) , .

.
(5) 11.5m ,
.
(6) , , .
.
(7) 70cm
.
(8) ,
.
(9) ,
.
(10) ,
. < 30-1> .
(11) , ,
.
30.4.4
(1)
.
(2) ,
, , .
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) , ,
.
(6)
.
(7)
, .
(8)
.
30.5
30.5.1
(1) : 34m
.
(2) : 1m .
(3) : 12m
.
(4) : 0.51m
, . 12m
.
(5) :
, 10m
. .
30.5.2
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
.
(1) , , 4
, .
(2) .
. ,
(1) , .
(2) ,
, .
(3) .
(4) , .
(5) ,

.
(6) , .
(7) , .
(8) , ,
.
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4)
.
30.5.3
.
(1) , ,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , ,
.
.
(1) , , , , , ,
.
(2) .
. ,
(1) , .
(2) , .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5) , .
(6) .
.
(7) 80cm .
(8) , .
(9) , ,
.
.
(1) .
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
30.5.4
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , ,
.
.
(1) , , , , , , ,
.
(2) .
. ,
(1) .
(2) , 1m .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , .
(6) , .
(7) , ,
.
(1) ,
.
(2) .
30.5.5
.
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
, .
.
(1) , , .
.
(1)
(< 30-2>).
(2)
1/2 115% ,
2 .
(3) , 1/101/20
.
(4)
.
(5) , ,
, (< 30-3>
).
(6) ,
.
.
(1)
/ .
(2)
.
(3)

.
(4) ( :
3 * : 3) .
(5)
, .
30.5.6
(1) : ,
.
(2) , , .
, ,
.
30.5.7 ( )
(1) < 30-1> .
(2) 30cm .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6)
.
(7) ,
.
(8)
.
(9) , .
30.5.8
(1)
(road-way), (collecting well), (culvert) ,

(retaining wall) .
(2)
, .
30.5.9
(1) ( )
.
30.5.10
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) 2m
3m .
.
(1)
.
(2) , , ,
.
.
(1)
(animal signboard) .
(2) , (speed ramp)
.
(3)
(Wildlife warning mirrors and reflectors) .
30.5.11
(1) (
)
.
(2)
.
30.5.12
(1)
.
(2) , , ,
, , .
(3)
.
(4) 1
.
(5)
, , ,
.
(6) ,
.
30.6
(1) , , ,
,

.
(2)
.
(3) (adaptive management) .
(4)
.
(5)
, , ,
, , , ,
, .
(6) .
()
3m , ,
.
, .
, 23
.
()
.
.
, .

.
()

.
(7) .
()
.

.
,
.
, .
()
,
.

.

.
(8) , , ,
.
.
(9)
.
.
()
()
()
()
30.7
.
30.7.1
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 : .
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 : .
(5) 5 : .
30.7.2
(1) 1 :
(2) 2 : ( )
(3) 3 :
(4) 4 :
(5) 5 :
(6) 6 :
(7) 7 :
(8) 8 :
(9) 9 :
31
31.1
31.1.1

.
31.1.2
(1) , ,
,
,
.
(2) , ,
,
(3)
.
(4) (Green Way) , ,
(green network) ,
.
(5)
.
31.1.3
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
(4) (Bio-tope)
.
(5)
, .
31.2
31.2.1
(1) (LCA)
.
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4) .
31.3
31.3.1
(1)
,

.
(2)
.
(3) .
() .
()
.
() .
() .
() , , , .
()
.
31.3.2
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
31.3.3
(1)
.
(2) , , ,

.
31.3.4
(1)
() , .
() .
() .
() .
() .
(2) (< 31-1> ).
()
, , , ,
()
, , , ,
()

(3) , ,
, , .
()
.
() 1520
.
() ,
.
()
, .
() .
31.3.5
(1)
.
()
()
()
()
()
(2) , , ,
(< 31-2> ).
31.3.6
(1) , ,
, , .
(< 31-3> ).
(2) ,
,
(< 31-4> ).
() : .
() : , .
() :

.
() : .
31.4
31.4.1
.
(1) (<
31-5> ).
(2) , , , , ,
.
.
.
(1)
() (< 31-6> )
() (< 31-7> )
() (< 31-8> )
() (< 31-9> )
(2)
() , ,
, .
() , ,
.
(3)
() (< 31-10> ).
31.4.2
.
,
(< 31-11> ).
.
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) , ,
, , (<
31-12> ).
.
.
(1)
.
(2)
() ,
.
() ,
,
.
(3)
()
.
()
.
(4)
() , ,
.
.
,

(< 31-13, 14> ).
(1)

.
(2)

.
(3)

.
.
31.5
(1)
, .
(2) , ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) , .
31.5.1
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
.
(1)
() , ,
.
()
.
() .
() .
()
.
(2)
() 6m .
() .
() .
() .
(3)
() 36m .
() .
() .
(4)
() 3m , 6m
.
()
.
() .
() .
31.5.2
.
(1)
.
(2) , , , ,
.
.
.
(1) 30km/h , 20km/h
.
(2) .
(3) ,
.
.
.
(1)
,
() .
(2) 1.5m( 2.4m) .
(3) 1.5m( 3.0m) .
(4) , , 1.5m( 3.0m)
.
(5) 1.5m
.
31.6
31.6.1
.
.
(1) 03%
.
(2) 38%
.
(3) 815%

.
(4) 1525%
.
.
(1) , , , ,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4)
.
.
.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
.
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) , , ,
.
(4) , , , , .
(5) , , , ,
.
31.6.2
(1) ,
.
(2) , , .
(3) , ,
.
(4) , .
(5) .
(6) , ,
.
(7) , ,
.
(8) .
31.6.3
.
(1) , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , ,
.
.
(1) ( 6m .
(2) 3 .
(3) 2.5m .
(4) 2 1.5m 3m
.
(5) 8%, 12% .
.
(1) , .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , .
.
(1) , .
(2) , , .
(3) .
31.7
31.7.1
, , ,
, .
.
(1)
.
(2)
.
.
(1) (filter)
.
(2)
.
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) ,
, .
.

.
(1)
() 0.9m ,
.
() (1m :
).
(2)
()
.
()
.
.
.
(1)

.
(2)
,
.
(3)
,
.
(4)

.
(5)

.
(6)

.
31.7.2
.
(1) .
(2) , , , .
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) .
(6) .
.
(1) , , , .
(2)
.
(3) , .
(4) 35%
.
(5) .
.
(1)
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , , , .
.
(1) , , ,
.
(2) , , , .
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
31.7.3
(1)

.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) .
() .
() , ,
.
() .
() .
()
.
()
.
31.8
(1) ( ), (), (
) .
(2) (conservation), (improvement), (restoration),
(trade-off) .
31.8.1
(1)
, , .
(2) .
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
(3) .
()
() , , ,
() , , , ,
()
31.8.2
(1) , , .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) , .
(5) .
(6) .
31.8.3
.
(1) , , , , , , ,
, , , .
(2)
, .
(3)
.
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , , ,
.
(6) , , , , .
(7) , 30
.
.
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , .
(4) 50m , .
(5)
.
31.9
31.9.1
, , , ,
.
.
(1) .
(2)
.
()
.
()
.
(3) ,
.
.
(1) , .
(2)
.
(3) 4m .
.
(1)
.
(2) , , , , ,
.
(3)
.
. ,
(1)
.
(2)
.
31.9.2
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , .
(6) .
(7)
.
(8) .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
31.9.3
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) 50m , 10m
65dB .
(4) ,
.
(5)
.
31.10
31.10.1
(1) , ,
,
.
(2) .
(3) .
(4)
.
(5) .
(6)
.
(7)
.
31.10.2
(1) .
(2) ,
( 31-1).
(3) .
< 31-1>
31.10.3
(1)

.
(2)

.
(3)
()
,
.
()
.
31.11
.
31.11.1
(1) 1 : .
(2) 2 :
.
(3) 3 : .
(4) 4 : .
(5) 5 : , , , .
(6) 6 :
.
31.11.2
(1) 1 :
(2) 2 : ,
(3) 3 :
(4) 4 : Bio-top
(5) 5 :
(6) 6 : ,
(7) 7 :
(8) 8 :
(9) 9 :
(10) 10 :
(11) 11 :
(12) 12 :
(13) 13 :
(14) 14 :
(15) 15 :
(16) 16 :
(17) 17 :
(18) 18 :
(19) 19 :
(20) 20 :
(21) 21 :
(22) 22 :
(23) 23 :
(24) 24 :
(25) 25 :
(26) 26 :
(27) 27 :
(28) 28 :
(29) 29 :
32
32.1
32.1.1
(1)
(, , ) .
(2)
, ,
.
(3)
.
32.1.2
(1) 7 .
(2) 2 .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6)
.
(7) , , , ,
, , .
(8) .
32.1.3
(1) .
(2) ,

.
(3) , ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
, .
(6)
.
(7) .
32.2
32.2.1
8.2 .
32.2.2
.
8.2.2 . .
.
(1) < 32-1> .
(2) 8.2.2 . .
32.2.3
.
(1) , , .
(2) , , ,
.
32.3
8.3 .
32.4
32.4.1
(1)
.
(2) , , 3 .
(3) ,
.
(4)
.
(5) , ,
, .
(6) , .
(7) , , , ,
.
(8) , , , ,
,
, .
(9) () , , , , ,
(< 32-2> ).
32.5
32.5.1
, , , , , .
32.5.2
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) .
(5)
.
(6) .
(7) .
32.5.3
(1)
.
(2) .

.
32.5.4
(1) ,
.
(2) 1.52.0% .
(3)
.
(4) 1 2 .
(5) 1.3% 2%
.
(6) 75mm ,
.
32.5.5
(1) ()
, .
(2)

32.5.6
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
(4) 3 1, 7 1, 15 1 1
1/31/5 .
(5) ,
.
(6) , .
(7) .
32.5.7
(1) 1.2 .
(2) .
(3)
,
.
(4)
, .
(5) ,
(pH) EC() .
32.5.8
, , , , , , ,
,
.
32.5.9
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
, , , , ,
.
32.6
32.6.1
(1)
.
(2) , ,
.
32.6.2
(1) ,
.
(2) , , , , , ,
.
32.6.3
(1) , , ,

.
(2) , , ,
.
(3) , .
(4) .
(5) , , ,
.
(6)
.
()
()
()
()
()
(7) .
33
33.1
33.1.1
.
33.1.2
(1)
, ,
.
(2) , ,
.
(3)
.
() 12( )
() 34( ) 61( )

() 35( )
() 49( )
() 52( )
() 56( )
() 57( )
()
33.1.3
(1) .
(2) , 7.2.3
.
33.2.
33.2.1
() ,
.
33.2.2
(1) : ()
33.3
33.3.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
33.3.2
(1) .
33.4
33.4.1
.
(1) ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3)
.
.
(1) ( , , ,
, , , ).
(2) , , , , , .
(3) , , , // ,
, .
(4) ,
.
(, ) ,
, , , , ,
.
(5) , ,
.
(6) , , ,
.
(7) .
33.4.2
(1) .

.
(2) 56 . .
(3) 46 .
(4) 23 .
33.5
(1) , .
(2) ,
, , ,
, .
1
< 3-1> 6( 3)
1.

(

)

(

)

(

)

(

)
250m
1,500
500m
10,000
1,000m
30,000
100,000
1,000,000
2.

100,000
10,000

< 3-2> 9 11( 4)
1.
, , ,
20%

, ( ),
, ,
60
,

,

40

,

2.

( )

( )

( )
( )

( )
(,
,
, , , )
,

40
20
50
< 4-1>
1.702.00
1.301.50
1.201.30
0.850.90
1.551.70
1.201.40
1.401.45
0.900.95
1.301.50
1.001.30
1.101.15
0.951.05
1.251.35
0.851.95
1.101.20
1.101.05
1.351.40
1.901.00
1.151.20
0.901.00
1.401.45
1.900.95
1.251.45
1.101.30
1.201.45
1.850.95
1.101.20
0.850.95
1.301.40
1.900.95
1.401.50
1.900.95
/
/
1.151.20
0.901.00

() 1) L /
2) C /
< 4-2> ( )
1/L
C/L
1/C
L/C
< 4-3>
( )
2037
4045
1420
1 : 2.81.3
1 : 1.21.0
1 : 402.8
( )
2740
3045
2030
1 : 2.01.2
1 : 1.71.0
1 : 2.81.7
( )
3045
2740
2530
1 : 1.71.0
1 : 2.01.2
1 : 2.11.7
( )
2040
3035
1427
1 : 2.81.2
1 : 1.71.0
1 : 0.42.0
( )
3548
1 : 1.40.9
< 4-4>

1 : 1.5
66.6%
3340
1 : 1.8
55%
293
1:3
33.3%
1830
1:4
25%
14
< 7-1>

m/m
0.12
0.120.08
0.080.04
0.04
m/m
0.6
0.60.5
0.50.4
0.4
cm/s
10-3
10-310-4
10-410-5
10-5
mm
21
2124
2427
27
() 1) .
2) .
3) () .
< 7-2>

5.56.0
4.55.5
4.5
0.2
6.57.0
0.21.0
7.08.0
1.01.5
8.0
1.5
cmol/kg
20
206
0.12
0.120.06
0.06
mg/kg
200
200100
100
(K+)
cmol/kg
3.0
3.00.6
0.6
(Ca++)
cmol/kg
5.0
5.02.5
2.5
(Mg++)
cmol/kg
3.0
3.00.6
0.6
0.05
0.050.2
0.20.5
(O.M.)
5.0
5.03.0
3.0
(pH)
(E.C.)
(C.E.C.)
(TN)
(Avail.
P2O5)
6.06.5
dS/m
0.5
< 7-3>

1.0m
0.7m
0.5m
0.20.3m
< 7-4>
(cm)
(
50%)
10
20
30
40
60
15
30
45
60
90
13
25
38
50
75
(cm)
30
45
60
90
150
25
40
50
70
100
< 8-1> (kg/m )

- (kg/m)
1,300 1,800
1,700 2,100
()
800 1,400
100 240
120 400
100 500
< 8-2>

, , , ,
, ,
10
15
20
30
30
< 8-3>

, , ,

< 8-4>
( : 1.52.0%)
(cm )
(cm )
15
10
30
20
45
30
70
60
< 8-5>
(kg/m)
1,2001,700
1,7001,800
1,8001,900
1,3001,600
1,4001,700
1,5001,800
1,5001,700
1,7001,800
1,8002,000
1,6001,800
1,7001,800
1,8001,900
< 8-6>
(kg/m)

120
(2.5mm )
120
100
1,250
1,500
1,650
900
1,150
1,000
1,000
1,450
< 8-7> ()
(kg/m)
, , , , ,
1,340
, , , , , ,
1,3001,340
, , , , , ,
1,2501,300
, , ,
1,2101,250
, , , ,
1,1701,210
1,170
< 8-8>

(40%)
1.41.7
1.11.4
1.72.1
1.01.4
< 8-9>
:
: Plant Box
: Plant Box
:
: Plant Box
:
: Plant Box
: Plant Box
:
: Plant Box
< 8-10>
(m)
(m/sec)
(kg/m)
08
38.5
100
820
50.0
150
20100
57.0
200
100
62.0
240
< 8-11>

, , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
< 11-1>

pH
BOD
(/)
SS
(/)
(m)
(MPN/1,000)
5.88.6
1.0
1,000
, ,
5.88.6
15
0.3
5.88.6
15
0.3
< 11-2>
( : : : )
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
< 11-3>

, , , ,
1/
1/
, , ,
1/
1/
, ,
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
< 11-4>

, , , ,
, ,
1/
1/3
(, , )
1/
1/6
, , ,
1/
1/
, ,
1/
1/
< 15-1>
( : m)
400
400
300 400
200, 250, 300, 350 400
< 15-2>
( : m)
()
21
10.5
2.38
18
3.0
2.43
()
18
2.10
18
3.0
2.24
()
21
10.5
2.25
18
3.0
2.40
()
18
2.05
18
3.0
2.24
()
20
10
2.15
18
3.0
2.30
()
18
2.00
18
3.0
2.20
()
16
1.90
16
2.7
2.00
< 15-3>

27.432m
105m 105m
11,030
25.000m
83m 83m
6,889
18.288m
75m 75m
5,630
< 15-4>

125
8.770
34.006
200
12.930
58.437
250
1,000
Closed Circuit road
< 15-5>
1
50m ,

3,000
300
50m

300
50m 25m
50m
(
)
50m
(
)
50m 25m
25m
2125m
2125m
10
810
810
2.5m
2.5m
22.5m
1.82m
1.6m
( 30m 1.8m)
1.2m
0.50.75m
0.50.75m
0.50.75m
0.5 0.5m
0.5 0.5m
0.5 0.5m
10
10
10
0.30.6m
0.30.6m
0.30.6m
1m,
0.10.5m
1.2m,
0.10.5m
1,500lx
Turn
600lx
26 1
26 1
5m
< 18-1>

: 5, : 4, : 3, : 2, : 1
< 19-1>
, ?
() ?
(Light Pollution) ?
()
() ?
: 5, : 4, : 3, : 2, : 1
< 20-1>

( , , )
.
< 22-1>

()
,
0.51.0
115
0.20.5
0.51.2
0.20.5
0.51.2
0.20.5
0.51.2
0.150.3
0.30.8
0.10.5
0.30.8
< 22-2>
(/)
(/)
(/)
(/)
(/)
0.068
0.133
0.109
0.014
0.025
0.015
0.224
0.087
0.002
0.012
0.053
0.203
0.105
0.006
0.011
0.089
0.198
0.073
0.018
0.006
0.046
0.049
0.035
0.002
0.004
0.035
0.163
0.070
0.005
0.043
0.055
0.043
0.048
0.005
0.013
0.051
0.091
0.001
0.000
0.010
0.264
0.486
0.192
0.010
0.010
0.136
0.119
0.028
0.003
0.003
0.097
0.099
0.161
0.009
0.020
0.036
0.230
0.028
0.003
0.006
0.082
0.170
0.078
0.006
0.014
< 22-3>
1,340/
, , , , , ,
1,3001,340/ , , , , , ,
1,2501,300/ , , , , , ,
1,2101,250/ , , , , ,
1,1701,210/ , , , ,
1,170/
1,200/
< 22-4>
1,5001,700/
1,6001,800/
1,9002,100/
1,7001,900/
1,2001,700/
1,7001,800/
1,8001,900/
< 22-5>
2.0
22
18
5.5
45
36
12.0
2.5
25
20
6.0
50
40
14.0
10
3.0
28
22
7.0
60
48
16.0
12
10
3.5
30
25
8.0
70
56
18.0
15
12
4.0
35
28
9.0
80
65
21.0
18
15
4.5
40
32
10.0
100
50
25.0
20
16
5.0
< 23-1>

(cm)
1.32.0
0.81.5
1.32.0
1.82.5
1.82.5
2.03.3
< 23-2>

(g)
2.55
515
3545
17.522.5
3545
515
< 23-3>
(cm)
10 15
12 15
(cm)
7.5
15
1520
15
20
18
25
18
30
21
5060
36
< 23-4>

, , , , , , , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
, ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, , , , , , ,
, ,

, , , ,
, , ,

< 24-1>
520/ ()
1/
(N)
6g/(), 10g/() 2/
(P2O5)
6g/(), 10g/() 2/
(K2O)
6g/(), 10g/() 2/
5/()
1/
(N)
10g/()
1/
(P2O5)
10g/()
1/2
(K2O)
20g/()
1/2
10/()
(N)
10g/()
1/
( 2.04.0m)
(P2O5)
10g/()
1/2
(K2O)
20g/()
1/2
20/()
(N)
10g/()
1/
(P2O5)
10g/()
1/2
(K2O)
20g/()
1/2
( 4.0m
< 24-2>
(g//)

( 1
)
(/ )
12
1020
3.310
6.720
12
1525
512.5
1025
12
2040
6.720
13.340
69
12
1525
512.5
1025
69
12
2040
6.720
13.340
1218
12
12
1015
2040
3.37.5
6.720
6.715
13.340
4
69
< 25-1>

1.
, , ,
2.
3.

( , )

4.
5.
< 25-2>
35
1
2
11
68
9 1
45 2
89
911
11 1
2
910
< 25-3> ( )
30
3035
3540
4060
60
10mm
1023mm
1025mm
2330mm
2530mm
, ,
30mm
() () .
< 25-4>

(mm)
()

(
)
23 ,
()
( )

,
,
27

( )
()
( 15cm)

( 15cm)
45
23
( )
4560
()

27
( 35cm)
( 35cm)
()

,
( 35cm )
( 35cm )

,
( 5cm )
() 1) 3cm .
2) .
< 25-5>
A1
A2
7900
A3
B
8900
C1
C2
C3
10800
(150)
250/
150/
150/
10/
250/
250/
250/
250/
250/
150/
150/
10/
250/
250/
< 25-6>
(g/)
A1
A2
7900
A3
8900
C1
C2
10800
C3
17
10
28
41.2
13
28
8.8
10
14
27
7.6
15
0.6
14
9.1
18
28
0.2
24
28
0.3
18
40
0.2
24
40
0.2
17
10
20
41.2
13
20
8.8
10
14
19
7.6
11
0.6
10
9.1
18
40
0.2
24
40
0.3
< 25-7>
A1
A2
7900
A3
B
8900
C1
C2
C3
10800
10
10
< 25-8>
(3)
150
30
30
5
30
90%
30
90%
10
7089%
10
120%
120
150%
149%
10
100%
10
20
90%
70%
1020%

10%
70%
100
10
30
7089%
100%
70
(1)
(2)
21%
0%
100
< 26-1>
, , ,

20%
, , , ,

30%
< 26-2>
( )
( )
< 26-3>
(N/)
34 (N/)
10
100
30
30
60
10
50
60
80
20
140
50
300
100
300
50
250
200
300
250
250
600
600
< 26-4>

()
10N/
30N/
30N/
30N/
50N/
150N/
300N/
300N/
75N/
100N/
300N/
350N/
< 26-5>

1.8m/s
3.7m/s
2m/s
2.53m/s
33.5m/s
35m/s
< 26-6>
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
RCS
( )
, , ()
BOD. DO, SS, pH, T-N,T-P,
COD, , pH, T-N, T-P, As,
Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb,

, ,
, ,

,
, , T-N, T-P, pH,
, ()
, , ,
,
,

, , ,

,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
< 26-7>
, ,
,
< 26-8>

Eichhornia crassipes
()
Lemna minor
(free-floating plants)
Lemna gibba
Salvinia natans
Typha sp.
Phragmites communis
Juncus sp.
Scirpus sp.
Carex sp.
Potamogeton sp.
()
Myriophylum sp.
(submerged plants)
Ceratophylum demersum
Cabomba carolinana
()
(emergent plants)
< 26-9>
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
()
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
< 26-10>
(m)
1.03.0
1.02.0
1.52.5
1.52.5
1.01.5
0.51.0
0.30.6
()

810
, ,
810
, ,
610
, ,
,
810
() ,

56
, ,
810
, ,
,
56
,
,
,
,
,
, , ,

1.02.5
910
1.01.5
1.01.2
710
810
0.30.8
811
0.30.8
810
, ,

1.01.5
910
, , , ,
1.02.0
68
1.52.5
78
, , ,
, ,
1.01.5
78
, ,
0.51.0
1.0
0.51.0
0.8
1.01.5
0.30.8
68
810
710
47
710
811
0.50.7
910
0.50.9
57
0.20.5
35
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
0.61.0
56
0.31.0
810
0.53.0
910
0.53.0
34
1.02.0
89
, ,
,

,
, , ,

, ,
< 26-11>
, ,
()
( )
, ()
, ()
, ,
, ()
()
, ()
()
()
()
()
()
()
, ( )
, ( )
, ( )
< 26-12>

35
( ) 80cm

30cm , PVC
< 26-13>

+++
++
++
++
+++
+++
++
++
++
++
+++
+++
+++
+++
++
+++
++
++
+++
+++
+++
+++
()
++
+++
++
()
++
+++
++
+++
()
+++
++
++
+++
++
+++
++
+++
+++
++
+++
+++
++
+++
++
++
+++
() : +++ , ++ , +
< 26-14>

: 123, : 123, : 3 4
2030cm, 2050cm
, , , ,
, ,
100% ,
,

< 26-15>
,
.

.
,
.
.

2030cm
.

,
.

30cm .
, .

.
.
,
2050cm(
) .
4050cm

,
.

.
23cm
30cm ,
23
.

,

.

, .
< 26-16>
()/
()
/

()
/
/
(/
)/
/ /
/
()
/
/
/ /
/
/
< 26-17>
< 26-18>

, , , , , , ,
/
, , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,

, , , , , , , ,
< 26-19>
, ,
< 26-20>
, ,
< 26-21>
( )
()
, ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
, ,
< 27-1>
Potamogeton malaianus, Potamogeton oxyphyllus,

Ottelia alismoides, Vallisneria gigantea, Potamogeton
Spirodera polyrhizia
Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton maackianus,

Nupha pumilum, Hydrocharis asiatica, Alisma
canaliculatum
Phragmites prostrata, Sagittaris aginashi, Typha

orientalis, Zizania caduciflora, Nelumbo nucifera,
< 27-2>
()/
0.091
1 : 1
1 : 1.5
1 : 3
1 : 1 : 20
1 : 1 1 : 1.5 : 40
()/
1 : 1.5 1 : 2 : 60
1 : 2 1 : 3 : 80
1 : 3 : 100
0.070
020% : 20
2040% : 40
4060% : 60
6080% : 80
80100% : 100
80km : 20
(,
,
0.118
)/

/
()
020% : 20
2040% : 40
4060% : 60
6080% : 80
80100% : 100
0.085
)/

/
.
()
020% : 20
2040% : 40
4060% : 60
6080% : 80
80100% : 100
0.078
)/
: 20
,
1 : 40
2 : 60

3 : 80

4 : 100

: 0

: 100
(
)/ 0.096
< 27-2>
: 20
1 : 40
2 : 60
3 : 80
4 : 100
GBCC
5

20% L/A : 20
40% L/A 20% : 40
60% L/A 40% : 60
80% L/A 60% : 80
4m
L/A 80% : 100

1,000m : 20
RAM
8001,000m : 40

600800m : 60

400600m : 80

400m : 100
:
:
:
:
:
20
40
60
80
100
()/
0.078
(,
)/
0.090
()/
0.093
5
4
3
2
1
France
00.3m : 40%,
0.31m : 10%,
12m : 50%

10080% : 20
8060% : 40
6040% : 60
4020% : 80
200% : 100
(
, )
/

0.079
/
: 20
: 40
: 60
: 80
: 100
(,
0.077
)
/
0.043
< 27-3>
< 27-4>
France
200 : 20
20010,275 : 40
()
10,27520,350 : 60
/
20,35030,425 : 80
30,42540,500 : 100
: 20
: 40
: 60
: 80
: 100
()
/
RAM

600m
450600m
300450m
150300m
150m
()
/
: 20
: 40
: 60
: 80
: 100
< 29-1>

1,0001,200
20m
3m
3,0005,000
50m
6m
10,00090,000
100m
12m
() 1) .
2) .
< 30-1>

(cm)
(m)
10cm
5ha
:
0.6
:
0.1

10m
,
: 0.1

,

11.7

7m

,

10
1.5
10

240

10

1060

10
0.7
10
: 0.55
10
: 0.16
20m
5m
20m
7m
1.5
20m
1km
1km
20m
7m
5km
< 30-2>
911
810
57
1112
57
34
45
1012
910
48
58
56
45
46
58
910
, 20

102
9, 10m

114
36
< 30-3> ( )

(Fish ladder)

(Pool and weir fishway)
(Vertical slot)
(Orifice)
(Denil)
(Denil)
(Steep pass)

(Stream fishway)
/
(Lock gate)
(Lock gate)
(Borland)
(Operation type)
(Breathless)
(Fish pump)
(Culvert)
(Hybrid)
(Ice Harbor)
< 31-1>

(, )
< 31-2>

, , ,
, , , ,

, ,
, ,
, , LPG, LNG

, ,
,

(, )
, , ,
, (Greenway),

, ,

, ()

< 31-3>
< 31-4>
< 31-5>

30%
30%

25%
< 31-6>

< 31-7>
110 50%
1120 50%
2130 50%
3140 50%
4150 50%
51 50%
< 31-8>
2(A)
2(A)
10
< 31-9>
( )
( )
< 31-9>
.
,
//
///

(), ()
(), ()
()
()
()
< 31-10>
25%
15%
60m
40m
< 31-11>
: 7
: 6
30%
15%
70m (5)
60m (4)
30
10km 20m
10km 60m
10km 3m
10km 15m
30m(4)
50m(3)
30m
50m
50m
80m
< 31-12>
1
/
< 31-13> ()
10
2.5
2.5
0.1
0.5
0.05 (5ha)
0.1 (10ha)
0.01 (1ha)
0.05 (5ha)
()
< 31-14>
700m
1,100m
1,500m
300m
500m
700m
100m
150m
200m
30m
60m
80m
15m
20m
30m
5m
10m
20m

(Width)
< 32-1>
, , , ,
()
, , , ,
, , , ,
,
,
,
,
, , , , ,
, ()
, , , , , ,
, , ,
, , ,
,
, ,
( ), ,
,

,
, ,
< 32-2>
, .
, .
() .
. .
1.
[ ]
1 ()
[ ]
18 ()
3 ()
4 ()
7 ( )
8 ( )
16 ( )
[]
1 ()
2 ()
3 ()
10 ( )
[]
34 ( )
36 ( )
19 ()
23 ( )
24 ()
25 ( )
[]
1 ()
49 ( )
51 ( )
52 ( )
[]
2 ()
54 (
)
57 ( )
[]
17 (
)
21 ( )
25 ( )
263 (
)
58 ( )
61 (
)
65 ( )
67 ()
68 ( )
83 ( )
302 ( )
31 ( )
[ ]
1 ()
2 ()
3 ( )
[ ]
32 ( )
1 ()
33 (
2 ( )
58 ( )
6 ( )
59 ( )
62 ( )
11 ()
[ ]
14 ()
23 ( )
22 ( )
58 ( )
27 ( )
60 ( )
37 (
72 ( )
)
40 ( )
[ ]
41 (
47 ( )
)
44 ( )
[ ]
48 ( )
4 (
55 ( )
802 ( )
20 ( )
82 ( )
27 ( )
86 (
)
118 ( )
[
]
1 ()
[ ]
2 ()
1 ()
25 ( )
262 ( )
]
1 ()
[ ]
2 ()
1 ()
4 ( )
21 ()
[ ]
2 ()
10 ( )
29 ( )
[ ]
30 ( )
16 ( )
31 ()
26 ( )
43 ( )
46 ( )
[ ]
56 ( )
1 ()
14 ()
[ ]
2 ()
[ ]
10 ()
16 ()
[]
22 ( )
6 ( )
7 ( )
9 ( )
[]
1 ()
13 ( )
[ ]
3 (
)
4 ( )
7 ()
[ ]
2 ()
4 (,
)
6 ( )
[]
6 ( )
22 ( )
25 (
)
8 (
)
222 (
)
37 ( )
382 ( )
[]
2 ( )
42 (
)
8 ( )
51 ( )
19 ( )
56 ( )
24 ( )
57 ( )
28 ( )
802 (
)
81 ( )
)
54 ( )
55 ( )
[ ]
1 ()
57 (
)
2 ()
59 ( )
3 ()
61 (
5 (
)
6 (
)
)
63 (
)
76 ( )
13 ( )
77 ( )
14 (
83 (
20 ( )
84 ( )
21 (
85 ( )
)
22 ( )
89 (
)
25 ( )
93 ( )
31 ( )
94 (2
35 ( )
41 ( )
96 ( )
43 (
97 ( )
)
44 (
)
45 ( )
46 (
)
47 (
)
110 ( )
112 (
)
1132 (
)
117 ( )
118 (
)
48 ( )
119 ()
51 ( )
120 ( )
53 (
121 (
)
124 ( )
162 ( )
17 ( )
18 ( )
19 ( )
20 ( )
2 ( )
4 ( )
21 (
)
15 ()
22 ( )
19 (
23 ( )
24 ( )
58 ( )
25 ()
62 ()
26 (
64 ( )
96 ()
27 ( )
107 ()
28 ( )
159 ()
29 ( )
30 ( )
[ ]
31 ( )
1 ()
32 ( )
2 ()
33 ( )
3 ()
34 ( )
4 ( )
35 ( )
5 ( )
36 ( )
6 ( )
37 ( )
7 (
38 ( )
39 ()
8 ( )
45 ( )
9 ( )
48 ( )
10 ( )
49 ( )
11 ()
50 ()
12 ()
51 ()
13 ()
14 ( )
15 ( )
[ ]
[ ]
512 ( )
57 ( )
[ ]
60 ( )
60 ( )
[]
61 ( )
7 ( )
67 ( )
8 ( )
69 ( )
80 ( )
[]
82 ( )
2 ()
93 ( )
3 ( )
94 ( )
4 ( )
95 ( )
8 ( )
100 ( )
11 ( )
103 ( )
13 ( )
14 ( )
18 ()
[ ]
913
)
[ ]
2 ()
36 ( )
915 ( )
102 (
)
73 ()
22 ( )
75 ( )
27 ( )
31 ( )
[ ] .
323 ( )
38 ( )
4 ( )
39 ( )
152 ( )
392 ( )
162 ( )
42 ( )
18 ( )
48 ( )
32 ( )
51 ( )
33 (
572 ( )
)
44 ( )
58 ( )
59 ( )
60 ( )
15 ()
62 ( )
16 ( )
66 ( )
17 ( )
68 ( )
18 ( )
69 ( )
19 ()
70 ( )
20 ( )
85 ( )
21 ( )
87 ( )
22 ( )
872 ( )
222 (
93 ( )
94 (
)
994 ( )
)
24 ( )
25 (
)
100 ( )
27 ( )
101 ( )
28 ( )
102 ()
29 ( )
1056 ( )
36 ( )
38 ( )
[ ]
40 ( )
1 ()
41 ( )
2 ( )
46 ( )
23 ( )
47 ( )
3 ()
10 ( )
[ ]
14 ( )
1 ()
15 ( )
2 ()
21 ()
3 ()
244 ( )
4 ( )
25 ( )
9 ( )
37 ( )
423 (
)
[ ]
1 ()
23 ( )
[ ]
27 ( )
[ ]
11 ( )
14 ( )
[]
[ ]
[]
[ ]
2 ( )
3 ( )
[
]
22 ()
23 ( )
[
]
[]
1 ()
2 ()
7 ()
[ ]
12 ( )
6 ( )
122 ( )
7 ( )
13 ( )
16 ( )
[ ]
3 ( )
162 ( )
17 ( )
16 ( )
25 ()
[
]
1 ()
2 ( )
1 ()
4 ( )
2 ()
6 ( )
3 ()
[ ]
[ ]
4 ( )
2 ()
13 ( )
4 ( )
25 (
5 ( )
8 ( )
)
26 (
13 ( )
27 ( )
33 ( )
[ ]
34 ( )
41 ( )
[ ]
45 ( )
46 ( )
[]
45 ( )
[ ]
1 ()
2 ()
[ ]
47 ( )
3 ()
4 ( )
[ ]
5 ( )
10 ( )
7 ( )
14 ( )
8 ( )
28 ( )
9 ( )
30 ()
12 ( )
32 ( )
14 ( )
16 ( )
[ ]
18 ()
1 ()
23 ( )
12 ( )
29 ( )
20 ()
46 ()
47 (
[ ]
8 ( )
53 ()
9 ( )
55 ( )
56 ( )
[ ]
10 ( )
[ ]
1 ()
[]
2 ( )
1 ()
7 ()
2 ()
[ ]
]
12 (
)
[ ]
82( )
27 (1
[
]
)
28 (2
)
[]
9 ( )
38 ( )
29 (3
)
30 (
)
[ ]
27 ( )
35 (
)
36 (
[ ]
58170-339(98.5.27)
)
37 (
)
[]
38 (
)
[ ]
39 ( )
44 ()
48 ( )
[]
55 ( )
3 ()
19 ( )
[
]
11( )
2.
[ ]
7( )
[
]
24( )
25 ( )
26( )
35(
)
[ ]
38 ( )
[ ]
8 ( )
(1999 )
()
/
()
( )
()
()
( )
(2002 )
()
()
()

( )
/ ()

( )
()
21
(2007 )
nexus
()
()
SH
(2013 )

()
()
LH
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
LH
()
1999
2002
2007
2013
6
7
8
2
30
31
28

7 22 ( 635-4)
1007
TEL02) 565-2055
FAX02) 565-2056
28 4-1 ( 966-22)
TEL02) 2295-6167()~5
FAX02) 2296-8188
1976.10.7(1-44)
http://www.
kmd@kimoondang.com
ISBN
978 - 89 - 6225 - 480 - 8
93540

국토교통부 조경설계기준 2013

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

국토교통부 조경설계기준 2013

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

11-1500000-000438-14

5g Lancaster 20 10 Ammonium molybdate

(10) < 8-8> .

(7) 1825cm , 3cm

(2) 12090m, 9045m ,

(5) 3 1 4 12.5m 10m

(identification), (direction), (information) .

(2) < 22-3> .

< 23-1> (slit drainage system)

<23-2> (sand carpet drainage system)

< 23-3> (thin rootzone-two layer system)

< 23-4> (USGA system)

< 23-5> (PURR-WICK system)

2m 1/3, 2m 1/3 2/3

(road-way), (collecting well), (culvert) ,

< 3-2> 9 11( 4)

< 8-1> (kg/m )

200, 250, 300, 350 400

Closed Circuit road

BOD. DO, SS, pH, T-N,T-P,

COD, , pH, T-N, T-P, As,

Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb,

Potamogeton malaianus, Potamogeton oxyphyllus,

Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton maackianus,

Phragmites prostrata, Sagittaris aginashi, Typha

978 - 89 - 6225 - 480 - 8

You might also like