Professional Documents
Culture Documents
drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org
April 2008
ii
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cvH.td.zJ;-x. = tH.uF‹;(yf)teD>yRrk.
iii
cFgvHr;J M. = uD>,l&yR ty>
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us.d w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu±l>
vgr>±S; 2008 eH.
vii
tH.uF;H (yf) w>Clw>zd;ty>
rl.[.rJ;tJef0>tJvfp’J;
(Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat)
uD>tH.uF‹;(yf)w>vD>vXttd.vXuD>tH.uF‹;(yf)’D;uD>tH.p&hvt f uql;
b.vDRuGHmvXtH.p&hvftw>yXtzDvmzJt‘k;w>,Rw>’D;tH.p&hvfzJ
1967 eH.M.vDRI zJM.tvD>cH< xHu>D cHb.h uJx.D ’k.’gM.vDRI vXCke.H
2
twD>ylRp’J;[h.vDRw>uvk>vXtH.uF‹;(yf)ok;rk>wz.vXu’k;M>u’g
uhRw>vD>tHRM.vDRI tH.p&hvef XRw>’k;toDwbsDu’D;M.vDRI b.q.
p’J;tw>[l;w>*JRtHRrRrHR[lo.zsgxD.tDRvXuD>tH.uF;h (yf)'D;tg&;(bf)
(Arab) xHuD>t*Rwz.tusgvDRI
vXcHweH.uD>tH.uF‹;(yf)’D;tH.p&hvq f ;J vDRrHRvXw>Clw>zd;vHmCH;Cm
’D;rh>ph>uD;tH.p&hvfqJ;vDRrHR’D;tg&;(bf) (Arab) xHuD>tqduwX>w
bh.vDRI p’J;w>[l;w>*JRtHRb.w>pH;xD.y-wXRtDRvX[D.cd.’Dbh.ng
M.vDRI b.q.ySRtH.uF‹;(yf)zdtg*R’D;tg&;(bf)xHuD>t*Rwz.xD’g
vHmCH;CmtHRM.vDRI zJ 1981 eH.M.p’J;b.w>rRoHumHG tDRvXw>bl.
w>bgcd.e>wcDwXRwz.zJok;rk>w>*JRvdtrl;tqXuwD>tcgM.vDRI
3
uD>,y.bDrk>pDRyR
rH;cF.H ed;rH,.[H;&d.[H;wd;
(Michinomiya Hirohito)
zJ[H;&d.[H;wd;ty>pl;uGHmo;tvD>cH< t0JuJxD.uD>,y.bDrk>pDRyRzJ
vg’H.pJbX. 25 oD 1926 eH.vDRI zJM.tqXuwD>< ,y.ok;rk>yXb.
,y.y’d.’D;updmEkmuD>,y.qlw>’k;z;’d.vXuD>th±SX.tylRvDRI vXcH
uwX>,y.cD*mypH;yH; (Pacific) ’D;’k;M>[.0g,X. (Hawaii) ‘D;uD>
zH;vH;yH; (Philippines) tCdtrJ&uRb.EkmvDRq w l >’k;z;’d.cHbswD bsD
M.vDRI ySRuG;J w>pH.pdRwJpRd wz.wtX.vDRwl>vdm’H;0J’.vXrh>bDr>k pDRyR
o;vD’k;w>’D;uD>trJ&uRteD>uD>ph>uD;{g rhwrh> t0J}wD’D;ywkmok;cd.
ok;e>wz.wM>b.{gM.vDRI
4
to;vXw>’k;ylRvHvRD I wbst
D RH rh>ySR,y.zdwz.e>[lb.tbDr>k pDRyR
tuvk>toD.tqduwX>wbsDM.vDRI
’f[H;&d.[H;wd;to;yS>xD.tod;tw>td.ql.td.cs›w*hRb.I tCd
t0Jpl;uGHmto;zJ vg,ElRtg&HR 7 oD 1989 eH.M.vDRI
5
w±l;uD>tySR'd.pd'.d urDR
rD.pH.wd (Mao Zedong)
rD.uDpH.>pJwd.((
Mao Zedong) td.zsJ.xD.zJ 1893 eH. vXw±l;uD>[le.
Hunan) tylRvDRI rD.pH.wdty>rh>ySRrRpHmrR0JRzdtzDS.
t,mw*Rb.q.t0Jxl;wDRxD.’ftrh>ySRrRpHmzdvXul.vJRrRuRw>
vXbk{dR[k{dRM.vDRI zJrD.pH.wd’d.xD.tcgrh>vX’d;M>b.w>ul.b.
ul.ohxw J >ymyeD.tDRtCdt0Jb.[;xD.uGmH uF’d ;D vJRrRw>vXt’l.zd
xXzdw>rR0JRtvD>zJto;td. 13 eH.tcgM.vDRI vXcHM.t0JC>h zsd;uGmH
’fo;d uvJRxD.rRvdw>ql0>h cd.tylRzJt0JCx
k .H M>w>xH.toDwz.vX
w±l;’D;ySRuD>rk>Ekmqdurd.w>wz.ttd.M.vDRI
zJw>’k;0HRtvD>cHrD.pH.wduhRxD.u’guhRuFd’D;rRuwX>uGHmtw>ul.
b.ul.ohzJyH.uhzF.pdrdR’D;zJtrRvdw>tcgrRph>uD;w>vXvHm&d’X;M.
6
vDRI zJM.t0JrRCkmrRoud;w>’D;vgrhRvGH>oDw>[l;w>*JRzJ 1919 eH.
M.vDRI w>qXuwD>tHRrh>w>qXuwD>vXw±l;uD>qDwvJuGHmto;ql
cDrFLeH;oElM.vDRI cDrFLeH;oEltylRw>xl;w>wDRM.xHuD>’D;ySRw0Xwz.
yXb.tDR’D;ySRxHzu d >D zdu;d *R’J;td.’D;tw>M>ogvX’Duvkmtw>xl;w>
wDRtylRvDRI
7
[D.cd.'Dbh.tySRrRClrRzd;w>zd
tlo; (U Thant)
ySw>vXw>ub.uG
RrRClrRzd;w>zd>w>’fM.ub.rh >ySRvXwuG>rJmw>b.M.vDRI t0JtRH rh>
o;d od;’D;wuG>w>wcDwXRb.I tlo;rh>ySRrRCl
rRzd;w>twDtvdRw*RvDRI t0Jrh>bDrk>pXzSd.u&XteJ.±GJ.cd.usX>zJ
1961 ‘D; 1971 eH.tbX.pXR’D;trlt’grh>ySRrRClrRzd;w>vXxHuD>vX
t’k;t,Rvdmo;wz.tbX.pXRM.vDRI
tlEl;ymyeD.tlo;tw>ohw>b.tCdt0J[h.vDRtlo;rl’gvXtrh>ySR
vXuwdRM>cJ;w>vXy’d.t*D>M.vDRI vXcHtlo;uJxD.xHuD>w>&hvdm
rkmvdmtcX.p;zJt0Jb.w>[h.tDRrl’gvXtrh>y,DRcX.p;urH;wHmzd
w*RqlbDrk>pXzSd.u&X (UN) M.vDRI zJ 1957 eH.t0JuJxD.xHuD>
8
tcX.p;xDbdw*RvX UN ‘D;vXcHt0JrRw>’frh>[D.cd.bDrk>pXzSd.u&X
w>td.zS.d z;’d. (UN General Assembly) tySRyXRvD>qh.eDRcH*Rw*RM.
vDRI
‘ftlo;rh>eJ.±GJ.cd.usX>w*Rtod;t0JrRw>Clw>zd;vX[D.cd.csX’Dbh.
ngM.vDRI zJ 1962 eH.M.t0JrRpXR0J’fod;w>uok;uGHmqdbH,X;usdcsH
rsdmo. (Soviet Missiles)vXuD>c,lb> (Cuba) tylRM.vDRI t0JrR
uwX>uGmH xHv>D uD>ylRw>’k;w>,RvXcD.udm (Congo) tylR’D;’k;td.xD.
ySRrRClrRzd;w>wz.tok;rk>vXpgjz;pfuD> (Cyprus) vXttd.vX
rJ;’HxX.&he,X.yD.vJ. (Mediterranean Sea) wuyRM.vDRI zJ 1965
eH.th’,.’D;y.uH.pwX. (Pakistan) w>’k;w>,RuJx.D M.tlo;vJR
,lR’D;ubD,Rl qlt’h ,.’D;rR0Jw>wX.yD.wX.yDoud;w>vXuqduwD>
uGHmw>’k;w>,RvXth’,.’D;y.uH.pwX.uD>wz.tbX.pXRM.vDRI
9
bDrk>pDRyR'D;w>td.rlvXusJtb.
t±Sd.c. (Ashoka)
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w>,RtylRzJt0JvJR’k;w>’D;yXqSXw>’k;tcgM.vDRI w>M.0HRtvD>cH<
t0JqXwJmvDRto;vXurRpXRySR*h>0Dw>zH;w>rRvXw>’k;w>,RtvD>
M.vDRI t0Jud;0JvX ?w>rReXRw>vX,GRuvk>uxg (Conquest by
dharma)/ M.vDRI vXuD>th’,.tylR‘r; (dharma) tcDynDrh>0J
?w>td.rlvXusJtb./ ‘D; ?w>rh>w>wDvXtb.cJvXm/ M.vDRI
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rd.qdur;vXtxDoh.wz.M.vDRI
10
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uvk>uxgqlySRursX>xHzduD>zdoh.wz.ttd.M.vDRI t±Sd.c.CkxX
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vDRtDRrl’gvXuuG>xGJydmrk.’D;ySRursX>xHzduD>zdwz.vXttd.qd;vX
w>bl.w>bgtw0XylRtw>vd.b.vDRqDwz.M.vDRI
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wz.tvdR (wX.txl.wz.) vXySRursX>td.0JtvD>wz.M.vDRI
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zsguwX>wcgM.rh>0Jch,k>vX>xl.vXtb.w>CkxH.M>tDRvXp>e;
(Sarnath) ‘D;w>tHRuJxD.0J’.ySRth’,.zdwz.tw>rReD.rRCgwkR
vXrk>rqgweHRtHRM.vDRI
11
tH.uF‹;(yf)teD>yRrk.
cvH.td.zJ;-x. (Cleopatra)
12
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wh’d;zsDto;’D;t’Dyk>0J>cGgvXto;td. 11 eH.w*RvDRI
tJ.xdeH.tJ.b.cvH.td.zJ;-x.cs›o’H;’D;t0J’d;wh’d;zsDto;’D;
cvH.td.zJ;-x.vDRI t0J’;d wh’;d zspD >h uD;to;’D;tD;(uf)x.0H>,X>t’Dy>k
0J>rk.vDRI zJt;D (uf)x.0H>,X>e>[lw>upD.tHRto;’d.xD.’d.r;’D;t0J
bd;b.&RvDRvXu’k;xD’gtJ.xde.H ’D;tuwX>tD;(uf)x.0H>,X>rReXR
uGmH tJ.xde.H vDRI tJ.xde.H pl;uGmH to;zJcvH.td.zJ;-x.tpk’.k wDRvdR
M.vDRI
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l u ( Fulgencio
f eJF pf .H td.bJ;xH;px.
batista) .c&hb,guD;wz. ( Carribbean island ) vXuD>c,lb>
tylRM.vDRI t0Jtw>yXw>jy;rh>w>vXtql.tud>’D;rRtXrRe;w>’d.
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w>emtd.0JvXbJ;xH;px.tw>yXqSXw>M.wxJod;wkRod;vdmto;
b.’D;w>CkxXtrl; (election) obsv › XuD>c,lb>tylRM.wtd.b.t
Cdc.p}xd.u&Xu&dxD.ok;rk>wz.vXurRvDRySD>uGHmbJ;xH;px.t
y’d.M.vDRI
14
c.p}xd.uJxD.uD>c,lb>cd.e>’D;’k;td.xD.cDrFLeH;y’d.‘fod;uyX0JySR
c,lb>zdwz.tw>td.rlud;uyR’J;M.vDRI w,Hmb.ySRxHzduD>zdtcGJ;
t,mp;xD.vDRr>0J’o f ;d zJb;J xH;px.yXw>tcg’D;c,lb>uD>w>ul.vJR
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’Htg*Rb.ymwh>uGHmt[H.tCD’D;*kmusJ;pX;vJRCkzH;CkrRw>vXw>vD>
t*RvDRI b.q.oemuhc.p}xd.rh>ySRtcd.w*RvXtrR’d.xD.xD
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ul.oh’;D ql.cs›rRpXRw>uG>xGv J >D oh.wz.wvd.[h.tySR› ’D;ySRursX>xH
zduD>zdud;*R’J;td.’D;w>tk.uDRo;vXurRM>w>zH;w>rRt*D>M.vDRI
trJ&uRvXtrh>uD>c,lb>xHuD>bl;wH>orXxD’g0J’.c.p}xd.ty’d.
ql.ql.ud>ud>M.vDRI t0Joh.wz.*kmusJ;pX;vXurRvDRySD>uGHm
c.p}xd.y’d.vX 1961 eH.tylRvDRI zJ 1962 eH. c,lb>td.0J’.vX
trJ&uR’D;qdb, H ;J ,le,X. (Soviet Union) w>’k;w>,Rz;’d.tuql;
M.vDRI c.p}xd.[h.tcG;J vX Soviet uqDvRD e,lcsH,gpku0JRzJc,lb>
uD>tylRM.vDRI
rk>rqgweHRtHRuD>c,lb>rh>ph>uD;cDrFLeH;xHuD>wbh.vXttd.wh>0JvX
[D.cd.’Db.h tylR’H;M.vDRI zJ,Rzd.S eH. 20 tuwX>M.w>obH.obk.
td.xD.0J’.vXySRc,lb>zdu’Ju’Jwz.tusgtCd< c.p}xd.}wL>uGmH
tw>od.w>oDvXtCH;tphRweDRM.vDRI ylRuGHmteH. 40 b.q.<
c.p}xd.rh>ySRvXtrHR’d.o.’d.'D;vXySRJ ’D;w>pdw>urDRw*RvXuD>c,lb>
ylR’H;M.vDRI b.q.zJ 2008 eH.M.cDzst d w>td.ql.td.csw
› *hRtCd[;
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td.vDRI
15
&drRh tok;cd.z;'d.'D;txHtuD>cd.e>
uFLvH,X;pfppH > (Julius Caesar)
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zd.zh.M.vDRI ‘D;zd.zh.uJx.D ySRyXw>vX0h>&drRh ’D;xD’guhRpHp>vDRI zd.zh.
bd;b.&RvDRvXpHp>rh>ySRwl>uG>D ’D;[h.vDRw>uvk>vXw>urR[;*DRuGmH
16
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w>’D;zd.zh.tCdpHp>’D;tok;rk>vJR’k;,Rw>’D;zd.zh.vX0h>&drhRtylR‘D;
zd.zh.b.Ch>zsd;uGHmql}uH;(pf)uD> (Greece) M.vDRI
17
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w>cG;J w>,mt*D>
eJvfpX.rh’Jv. (Nelson Mandela)
zJ[.D cd.w>’k;z;’d.cHbsw
D bsMD .< rh’v
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w*RvX ANC tylRvDRI w>u&Xu&dtRH td.’D;w>ymyeD.wrHRvXtrh>0J
u‘k;w>vXySRolz;H zdvXttd.vXuD>tR_zRH uRwz.tw>obst › *D>vDRI
18
rh>ySRrRur.w>od.w>oDvXtylx.D xD’gy’d.tCd< t0Jb.w>pH.nD.
tDRvXuvDRb.vXCdmylR 5 eH.vDRI weH.ylRuGHmtvD>cH< y’d.Cktg
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J .’D; ANC rReXRw>CkxXtrl;’D;
uvkm’J;t*D>zJ 1994 eH.M.vDRI rh’v
rh’Jv.uJxD.ySRolzH;zduD>cd.tqduwX>w*RM.vDRI
19
uD>,l&yRty>
cFgvH.rJ;M. (Charlemagne)
zJw>pdeHw.tcX.o;
(AD 500 = 1500 eH.C.C.) ,l&yRpDRyRvXtySRJ ’D;
(Charlemagne)
>urDRtusgw*Rrh>0JcgF vH.rJ;M. M.vDRI cFgvH.rJ;
M.rh>ySR_zJ;(cf) (frank) zdM.vDRI ySR_zJ;(cf)zdwz.M.rh>uvkm’l.wu
vkmvXttd.qd;vXjz.ph.uD>’D;uFXreH.uD>tbX.pXRM.vDRI zJt0JuJ
xD.pDRyRw*RvXtyXw>vX_zJ;(cf) zJ AD 771 eH.twD>ylRM.cFgvH.rJ;
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0gusdm’D;t0Jr>h ySRuG;J w>*JR’dw*RvXb.w>tJ.b.tDRvXySRunDwz.
vX[D.cd.csX’Dbh.ngM.vDRI
42
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43
44
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tJ(ef)z&J;(cf) (Anne Frank)
zJusJ;pX;rR[;*D
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(Jewish)
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e.pH>wz.M.yXb.0JxHuD>wbsK;bh.’D;vXtusgy.Ckm’D;eJovJ(ef)
rhwrh> [D.vJ(ef)M.vDRI zJ0>h tJrpf xJ’X(rf)tylRM.e.pH>ok;wz.vlRzD.
ql.ySR,l’Rzdwz.vDRI vXw>M.tCdydmrk.zdtJ(ef)z&J;(cf) (Anne
Frank) ’D;t[H.zdCDzdwz.b.Ch>td.clol.e.pH>tok;yXRuD>wz. 2
eH.ngvDRI vXw>td.clol.tvD>ydmrk.zdtJ(ef)uGJ;0J’.tvHmuGJ;eD.zd
’D;vXcHuhRM.vHmwbh.tHRuJxD.vHmvXtrHR[lo.zsgwbh.vDRI
zJw>’k;w>,Rvdmo;vDRw0mvHtcge.pH>wz.p;xD.qSXySR,l’Rzdqw l >
’k;CmtvD>wz.M.vDRI tCdzJ 1942 eH.vg,lRvHtylR< tJ(ef) tySR
[H.zdCDzdvJRtd.clol.zJty>w>rRvD>tvD>cH’D;rh>ph>uD;w>vD>zJtJ(ef)
tygymzSd.tw>zdw>vHRtvD>M.vDRI ySR,l’Rzdt*RvGH>*Rph>uD;td.cl
ol.’D;t0Jo.h zJw>vD>qH;qH;zdtylR’D;toud;vXwrh>ySRySR,l’Rzdwz.
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46
vDRI t0JuGJ;ph>uD;0Jtw>rHrD>< w>ynd.wz.’D;tw>wl>b.wz.zJtd.
clol.tcgM.vDRI
zJtd.clol.vXcHeH.twD>ylRt0Joh.t[H.zdCDzdw[;xD.vXw>csXeDw
bsbD .I b.q.zJvgtDuX;pf 1944 eH.twD>ylRe.pH>tySRok;zdwz.xH.
M>tDR’D;zD.uGmH t0Jo.h M.vDRI 0HRtvD>cH< w>qSXt0Jo.h tySR[H.zdCzD d
wz.zJw>zD.ymzS.d ySRtvD>zJt;D (±S)f 0H; (Auschwitz) vXttd.vXzdv(J ef)
uD>M.vDRI tJ(ef)trd>oHzJw>vD>0JM. zJ 1945 eH.M.vDRI tJ(ef)’D;t
yk>ydmrk.zdw*Rw>qSXu’D;tDRql’Ju0DRtoDwzsX.vXw>ud;tDRvX
bXuJ(ef)< bJvfpX. (Bergen=Belsen) ‘D;t0Joh.cH*RvXmM>b.w>
vdRud>ySmH nd;w>qg’D;pl;uGmH to;cH*RvXmM.vDRI [H.zdCzD cd v
J Xmtusg
ySRtd.rlw>D uhRxJw*R{dRvXtrh>tJ(ef)ty>vXtrh>tD;wd.z&J;(cf) (Otto
Frank) M.vDRI
47
ydmrk.vXtySJR'D;w>ol.'lo;'l
[JvX.cJvX. (Helen Keller)
zJ[JvX.to;td.CkeH.M.b.w>rRuG>tDRvXuoH.o&.z;’d.
tvJ;pJ_’gºuh[J(rf) bJvf (Alexander Graham Bell)vDRI t0Jrh>
uoH.o&.b.C;w>bSb D .uhRySRuwdRw>wohwz.’D;rh>ph>uD;ySRvX
t’k;td.xD.vDwJpdM.vDRI bJvfqSXM>0J[JvX.vXo&.rk.w*RvXt
rHRrh>0Jt(J ef)pl.vH0. (Anne Sullivan) vXutd.’D;tDR’D;uG>xGt
J RD t*D>
M.vDRI
48
tJ(ef)plvH0.M. rh>ySRvXtzFJ;w*RvDRI t0Jto;plR’d.r;’D;od.vd0J
[JvX.vX w>cJvXmtd.’D;trHRM.vDRI t0Jod.vd[JvX.’fod;uz;’D;
u’d;vHm’D;tpkzw
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v.ylRrRpXR0J’fod;[JvX.ue>yX>w>zdw>vHRvXtzD.0Jb.wz.trHR
M.vDRI
[JvX.rRvdw>ql.r;’D;w,Hmb.t0JrRvdvHmrd>yS>M>cJvXm’D;tpkrk>zd
wz.M.vDRI t0Jp;xD.rRvdvHmcDzsdyvX>uG>0JvHmrJmzsX.vXw>rRuzd
J mH }bgvH. (Braille) vX
xD.tDRwz.’D;tpkr>k zdM.vDRI vXcHt0JrRvd0v
trh>vHmvXySRrJmbsD.wz.ol0JM.vDRI o&.rk.t*Rw*RvXtrHRrh>0J
pR&gzlvX. (Sarah Fuller) w*Rod.vdtRD vXuuwdRw>cDzsdw>zD.uG>
ySR*Rtx;cd.zH;’D;tudm,l>bdzJt0Joh.wJw>tcgM.vDRI
[JvX.cJvX.oH0JzJto;td. 88 eH.’D;b.w>oh.eD.tDR’fydmrk.vXt
vXySJR‘D;w>ol.’lo;’l’D;w>ul.ohul.b.w*RM.vDRI
49
cd.e>[l;*JRw>vXxHzu
d >D zdc;JG ,mt*D>
rgwh.vloX.chuF‹>t.(&f)
(Martin Luther King Jr)
zJrD;udv.g’Hr.&H.pJb.<X.xDtgvbgrguD
. 1 oD 1955 eH.vXuD>trJ&uRw>vD>wwDRvXtrh>
>pJ.tylRySRolzH;rk.vXtrHRrh>&dp.z;(cf) w
*R (Rosa Parks) b.w>zD.pXCmtDRvDRI w>*h>wcDrh>0Jt0J’d;odvh.
bX;pf’;D wysMJ >0JyRS 0gzH;zdw*RtvD>qh.eDRb.tCdM.vDRI zJw>qXuwD>
0JM.w>od.w>oDtylRuGJ;ympXR0JvXySRolzH;zdwz.ub.qh.eDRvX
odvh.< vh.rh.tlylRw>vD>xJweDR{dR’D;pl;ugvDRqDw>[;vD>wz.‘D;xH
tD’.vJmub.tDvDRqD0JM.vDRI &dp.z;(cf)tw>rRtHRxd.[l;xd.*JR
xD.ySRolzH;zdwz.vXttd.vX0h>ylRM.vDRI ‘D;w>CkxXxD.rgwh.
vloX.chu‹F >t.(&f) (Martin Luther King Jr) vXuwDc.d &d.rJw>ylx.D
w>wcgtHRM.vDRI
chrh>0Jw>td.zSd.o&.w*R’D;rh>ph>uD;uD>th’,.tcd.rd.[;r;u>’H>t
ysJ>vDRI t0Jem0JvXw>ylxD.w>vXwtd.’D;w>pkql.cD.wu;rh>0JusJvX
t*H>ql.uwX>wbdvXySRursX>wz.uymzsgxD.tw>b.ol.b.o;
M.vDRI w>tHRtcDynDr>h 0Jw>Chx.D w>tcG;J t,m’D;olusv
J Xtrkmtck.
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u0JRtw>[l;w>*JRwz.M.vDRI w>ymzsgxD.w>b.o;wcgtHRvXcH
b.w>oh.ngtDRvXrD.ud.rg&H.odvh.bX;(pf)tw>ylxD.w>M.vDRI
50
zJw>ymzsgxD.w>b.o;0HRtvD>cHweH.M.< w>qDwvJumHG w>od.w>oD
M.vDRI
‘fvJ.*hR< ySRolzH;zdwz.wrRM>’H;w>cGJ;w>,m’D;w>bsK;w>zSd.vDRqD’f
ySR0gzH;zdwz.tod;b.I zJ 1963 eH.M.rgwh.vloX.ch’D;ySRvXtqD.
xGJtDRwz.w>’k;vDRtDRqlw>‘k;CmylRcDzsdtxD’g0Jw>yJmz;eDRz;wz.
tCdvDRI zJw>ys>vDRtDRwpkM.rgwh.vloX.ch’D;xHzduD>zdcGJ;,m*h>0DySR
[l;*JRw>tcd.te>wz.&J.usJRoud;0JvXuvJR’k;eJ.xD.tw>b.o;
’D; (csDwuf) vJRoud;0Jql0g±S.› wX.‘H>pH.vXtrh>trJ&uRt0h>cd.M.
vDRI zJM.< rgwh.vloX.chuwdRvDRw>qlySR*DRrk>vXtuxdtuv;w
z.’D;wJ0J ?,td.’D;w>rHrD>wcgvDRI/ ‘D;tw> rHrD>rh>0J< weHRM.ySRud;
*R’J;tw>cGJ;w>,mutd.xJod;wkRod;vdmo;’f‘Dyk>0J>wz.tod;vDRI
51
ySRxlzsX.xlp.J eDR
tJ;pH.t.&.wh’de.pH.rJ;xd.
(Edson Arantes do Nascimento)
ySRbDydvmcGtf grHySR[lRw0XM.vD
o.zsg*JRzsX.xlpJ.eDRw*RM.rRrHR[lo.zsgxD.0Jw>xl
Pele
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rHReD>uD>rh> Edson Arantes do Nascimento tJ;pH.t.&.wh’ed .pH.rJ;xd.
'D;td.zsJ.xD.0JzJ 1940 vXuD>-b.phvftylRM.vDRI
yH.vH.trHR[lo.zsgxD.zJt*JRvdmuGJ’D;p.wd.zsX.xlcs;(bf) (Santo
Football Club) vX 1956 eH.tylRvDRI zJyH.vH.*JR’D;tDRtcgtzsX.xl
u&XrRM>0JuvHRxH;trJ&uRw>vRuyDRcd.z; (South American Cup)
wbsK;zsX.ngM.vDRI zJ 1962 eH.M.zsX.xlu&XrRM>0J[.D cd.’Db.h zsX.
xlw>vRuyDR (urBmzh vm;) tqduwX>wbsDvDRI yH.vH.*JRph>uD;vX
-b.phvfxHuD>zsX. xlu&XtylR’D; rRpXR0J’fod;u&XtHRurRM>[D.cd.
’Dbh.zsX.xlw>vRuyDRcd.z; ( urBmzh vm;zJ 1958< 1962 ‘D; 1970)
wz.M.vDRI
53
ySRvXttd.vX[D.cd.zsX.tw'Dpd
xJp.h eD*Rh (Tenzing Norgay)
tJ;’rX.[hv&H. (Edmund Hillary)
zJ‘D;tJv;’rX.[h
grhR 29 oD 1953 eH. *DRcD 11;30 M. xJp.h eD*Rh (
Tenzing Norgay )
(Edmund Hillary)
v&H. cH*RxD.b;0Jqu l pX>txDuwX>
vX[D.cd.csXwz.vXtrh>0JupX>tJb&X;pftcd.pd;vDRI
zJw,HRwbl;’D;xJph.to0DvXttd.0JwzsX.M.td.0J’D;upX>z;xDvDR
bDvRD rk>vXtrh>0JupX>tJb&X;pfM.vDRI upX>tHRrh>0JupX>vXttd.vX
[h.rgv,X;pfupX>wl>tusgwzsX.’D;td.vXeH.yDvf’D;uD>xHbJ;uD>qX
tbX.pXRM.vDRI zJySR,l&yRzdwz.vJRqluD>eHyDvf’fod;uxD.upX>
tcgt0Jo.h ’d;ig0JyRS ±Sgz.zdwz.vXu,d;M>tw>zdw>vHRt*D>vDRI cDzsd
ySR±Sgz.zdwz.td.vXupX>z;xDtvdR’D;td.’D;tw>vJRcDzsdtgr;tCd
rh>ySReJ.usJt*hRwz.M.vDRI
54
zJxJph.to;td. 18 eH.M.t0Jok;tvD>ql’guFHvh.vXttd.vX
uD>th’,.M.vDRI t0JymvDRto;’fo;d urRw>’fyRS ,d;w>zdvXtydmySR
Ckoh.ngw>wz.tcHM.vDRI oXeH.0HRtvD>cH< t0JvJR,d;M>ySRCkoh.
ngw>zdvXtvJRxD.qlupX>tJb&X;pfwz.t*D>M.vDRI vXcHpSReH.t
wD> ylR< t0Jx.D upX>tJb&X;pf’;D Cko.h ngw>tbst
D gM>’H;ySRt*RcJvXm
vDRI
cDzsdt0Jb.rRoud;w>’D;ySRtguvkmtCdt0JwJb.w>tusdmEGHusdm
ngvDRI vXcHuJxD.b.0JySRvXttd.vXt&J.usJRySR0Hw>zdvXuxD.
upX>t*D>vDRI b.q.t0Jq;J 0H‘;H ’.w>’fyRS xD.upX>tJb&X;pfw*Rt
od;’D;b.w>tJ.tDR’D;oh.ngymuJtRD vXySRxD.upX>t*Rwz.M.vDRI
zJ 1953 eH.t0JxD.upX>tJb&X;pf’D;pX.tJ;’rX.[hv&H.tcg<
pX.tJ;’rX.[hv&H.tcD.vDRwvHm’D;bl;uoHb.to;vDRI b.q.
xJph.wysHRw>b.I t0JzD.*X>Cm0Jw>xD.upX>tysHR< bs;xD.ympXRt
uGgvXrlc.d zDusgCH;CH;’D;rRpXRuhR0J[v
h &H.to;orlvRD I vXcHt0J wJ0J
,d,dzdvX ?ySRxD.upX>wz.xDbdub.rRpXRvdmo;w*R’D;w*RM.
vDRI/
cDzsdt0Jtw>ol.’lo;’l’D;uJySR’lySRCdRw*RvXxD.upX>tJb&X;pfM>
tqduwX>w*RtCdxpJ .h M.b.w>[h.vRuyDRtDRvXuD>thuvJ.(ef)
George Cross ‘D; The Star of Nepal (uD>eH.yDvt
f q.) tw>vRuyDR
wz.vDRI
55
ySRvXtvJRw&H;[D.cd.'Db.h
zJ.’H.e.rJ;uhv(J ef) (Ferdinand Magellan)
eH’lw.z.vJtu,Rwz.tu,Ryl RuGHmM.xJySRydmcGgvXtd.’D;w>ol.’lo;
Rw>uhRw>vXyD.vJ.ylRvXuCkx.H M>w>vD>wz.vXySRwvJR
wkR’H;b.’D;wxH.’H;eDwbsb D .M.vDRI zJ.’H.e.rJ;uhv(J ef) (Ferdinand
Magellan) rh>0JyRS ydmcGgw*RvXtvJRw&H;[D.cd.’Db. h ngM.vDRI
zJM.tcgyD.wl.uH.yX0J’.yD.vJ.tusdRvXtR_zHRuRwkRvDRqlt’h ,.
yD.vJ.rd>yS>’fod;urRM>b.uD;wz.vXttd.’D;w>zDtD.whRtD.tw>
eXrleXqSDoh.wz.td.0Jtgr;tvD> (tcJtHRud;0JvXrk>xD.th’H East
Indies) M.vDRI rJ;uhv(J ef)qXwJmvDRto;vXuvJRw>qlr>k EkmwuyR
‘fo;d uCkx.H M>w>vJRw>uhRtusRd toDqu l ;D wz.tylRvDRI t0Jp;xD.
tw>vJRtHRzJ 1519 eH.‘D;t0JvJRcD*m0J’.tJ;wvJ;wh;’D;wkRvDR0J’.
56
qluvHRxH;trJ&uRyD.vJ.eHRM.vDRI t0JqXrk>v>vXuCkxH.M>usJ
vXuvJRcD*m0Jqu l vHRxH;trJ&uRyD.vJ.trJmng’H;vDRI t0Jx.H M>0J
’D;,k>0JtrHRvXrJ;uhv(J ef)yD.vJ.’hpRh (a&vuf=um;)M.vDRI yD.vJ.b;cD
wuyRM.zsgtd.bS.› td.bS.D ’D;rkmck.0JM.vDRI rJ;uhv(J ef)ud;M>w>vD>tHR
vXypH;yH; (Pacific) vXtrh>vJ;wh.tw>uwdRvXtcDynDrh>0J ?w>rkm
w>ck./ M.vDRI
57
tHo.'D;ySRyXxHt.D uD>
r;[;’r;u.’H> (Mahatma Gandhi)
zJvJRvw>vJgr>±SR;z;xD1930qlytylD.vJRyS.RwcDth’M,.o;yS>vXto;td. 61 eH.w*Rp;xD.
.vDRI zJySRoHuG>tDReuvJRzJvJ.tcg<
zkr;[;’r;u.’H> (Mahatma Gandhi) pH;qXuhR0J ?,uvJRqly.D vJ.
ylR’D;vJR[H;M>tHo.weDRvDRI/ 0HRtvD>cH< ySRtuxdwz.tuxdydm
xD.tcH‘D;t0Joh.[;0J’fM.’Dvg’D;b.w>oh.ngtDRvX ?tHo.tw>
ylxD.w>/vDRI
r;[;’;r;u.’H>rh>0JySRth’,.zdvXtbg[H.’l>w>bg’D;t0JvJRrRvd
oJp;vX0h>vd‘.d wcDM.vDRI uD>th’,.M.b.w>yXtDRvXuD>}bH;wh.’D;
zJu.’H>[JuhRqltxHtuD>tcgt0Jto;xD.cDzsdtxH.b.0JvXtxH
uD>td.vXw>zS.D w>,m’D;w>xJo;d wkRod;wtd.b.tCdM.vDRI tCd<
vXw>uxD’guhRySR}bH;wh.zdwz.vXus’d ;D rh.yd>wz.tvD>M.u.’H>em
0JusJvX w>orX vXuvlRydmw>od.w>oDvXtwwDb.wz.M.vDRI
tCd< t0J[h.oq.xD.ySRth‘,.zdwz.vXuxgod;tw>ulw>od;
’.0J’of ;d tokwySR› vXRw>ulw>od;vXySR}bH;xH;(±S)f zdttd.w*RM.vDRI
ySR[H.’l>zdwz.ud;u.’H>vX ?r[;r;/ vXtcDynDrh>0J ?o;orlvX
tvk>ySR› ‘d./ M.vDRI
58
ySRth’,.zdtg*RyS›RtD.0J}bH;xH;(±Sf)tHo.vXtyS›R’d.wz.wM>b.I
b.q.t0Joh.uxk;xD.tup>’.0JttHo.ph>uD;w>w[h.tDRtcGJ;
b.vDRI vXw>M.tCd< u.’H>[;trHRvm (300) vXuvJRqlyD.vJ.
ylR’D;uzDtHo. vXyD.vJ.xHt*D>M.vDRI zJ ?tHo.tw>[;ylxD./
w>0HRtvD>cH< vgr>±S;twD>ylRM.}bH;xH;(±Sf)y’d.xXEkmvDRtDRqlCdmylR
M.vDRI w>tHRwrh>tw>vJREkmqlCmd ylRtqduwX>wbs’D ;D tvD>cHuwX>
wbscD zD st
d rRw>ylx.D w>vXwtd.’D;w>pkq.l cD.wu;tCdb.M.vDRI
u.’H>vJREkmqlCmd ylRvXw>ol.zSo
H ;nDtylRvDRI zJt0J[;xD.vXCdmylR
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tw>yXqSXtusJvXw>rkmw>ck.tylRvXusJ’fvJ.M.vDRI vXcHuwX><
uD>th’,.rRM>uhRw>obs›vX }bH;wh.ttd.zJ 1947 eH.twD>ylRvDRI
59
ySRzS.D zd,mzd';D ySRbl;uoHwz.trd>
rd>’d.}xHp. (Mother Theresa)
zJunDrJ d>R’do;unD
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R’D;tw>rRbsK;rRzSd.wz.tCdvDRI
w>u&Xu&dtHRtrH;±SX.w>rRtd.vXuD>th’,.tCd< w,Hmb.
ph;pxX.}xHp.vJRqluD>th’,.’D;rRw>’fuFdo&.rk.w*Rtod;vDRI zJ
17 eH.twD>ylRt0Jod.vdw>vXuD>th’,.tuFdcHzsX.tylR’D;wzsX.M.
td.vX0h>u.v;uwgtylRvDRI zJM.t0JxH.b. w>zSD.w>,m’D;ySR*D>
rk>wz.tw>wl>b.cD.b.tuvkmuvkmM.vDRI t0JnED >k wJ0x J b
D v
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b.ymvDR0Jw>qXwJmvXt&h’d.cHrHRvXtw>td.rltylRM.vDRI w>qX
wJmtcD.xH;wcgrh>0JuuJ0JzH0g’D;t*RwcgzJ 1946 M.rh>0Ju[h.vDR
to;orlvXurRpXRySRql;ySRqg‘D;ySRzSD.ySR,mwz.M.vDRI
60
zJt0JrRvdyRS uG>ySRqgtw>rRvd0RH vHwpkt0Jp;xD.rRw>’D;ySRzS.D zd,m
zdvXttd.vXu.v;uwgySRzSD.zd,mzdwz.td.w>tvD>M.vDRI t0J
uJxD.ph>uD;0JySRth’,.txHzduD>zdM.vDRI vXcH< zJt0Jol.xD.
Missionaries of Charity tcgM.t0JuJxD.0Jrd>’d.}xHp. (Mother
Teresa) vDRI w>tHRrh>0Jc;J ovh;tzH0gvXtJ.’d;rRpXRySRvXtql;tqg
wz.vDRqD‘.w>ySRvXbl;uoH’D;ySRvXtuh>t*DRw*hRb.wz.M.
vDRI
61
xHu>D wz.tySR'lyRS CdR
pJrX.bd.vHb. (Simon Bolivar)
62
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67
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tJ Elizabeth Blackwell
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68
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ydmrk.t*Rwz.uuJxD.b.0J’.uoH.o&.rk.wz.vDRI zJ 1868
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69
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rh>ydmrk.
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t0Jo.h rRoud;w>M.vDRI zJM.tqXuwD>ySRpJt.h zdt*Rw*RvXtrHR
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activity tuhtcDzw d z.tHRuDvXw>uxH.M>tDRb.q.w>’dM>t*DRoh
72
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q. w>rRwcgtHRt&h’.d wvXvXuywkmuGmH 0Jt*D>vDRI r&Hc,l&rH RM>
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73
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0gtod;vDRI
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vXw>vJRusJ’DwbdtylR‘>0hrRvdM>b.C;w>rJw>rg‘D;q.zduD>zdt
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76
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