แนวทางการประเมินคาร์บอนฟุตพริ้นท์

2552
()
120 3 9

10210
0 2141 9790
0 2143 8400

114

12120
0 2564 6500
0 2564 6501-5
1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
5.
6.
7. .
8.
9. Dr. Shabbir Hussaini GHEEWALA
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15.
1. .
2.
3. .
4. .
ISBN

978-974-286-777-5
1
1,000

()

2552

-

()

(Life cycle assessment: LCA)

(.
. )

( )

()
1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
5.
6.
7. .
8.
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15.
1. .
2.
3. .
4. .
1. (Scope)
2. (Normative References)
3. (Terms and Definitions)

3.1 (Carbon storage)

3.2 (Offsetting)

3.3 (Allocation)

3.4
(Upstream emissions)

3.5
(Downstream emissions)

3.6 (System boundary)

3.7
(Product category rules: PCRs)

3.8 (Primary data)

3.9 (Secondary data)
3.10 (Biomass)
3.11
(Carbon dioxide Equivalent, CO2e)
10
10
10
10
10

11
11
11
11
11
12
12
3.12
(Global Warming Potential)
3.13 (Biogenic)
3.14 (Capital goods)
3.15 (Co-product)
3.16 (Functional Unit)
3.17
(Material contribution)
3.18 (Cut off)
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
4.
(Product differentiation)
13
5.
14
6. (Supporting data)
14
7.
15
8. (Methodological Framework)
8.1
8.2
18
19
29
9.
33
10.
35
: Emission Factor

36

(Greenhouse Gases: GHGs)

(Carbon Footprint)

1. (Scope)

(Life Cycle Assessment: LCA)

(Cradle to Grave)
(Cradle to Gate)

(Biodiversity) (Acidification)
(Eutrophication) (Toxicity)

(Criteria)

(Product Category Rules:
PCRs)

PCRs PCRs

ISO14025
2. (Normative References)
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme,
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
ISO 14025:2006, Environmental labels and declarations -Type III environmental declarations -- Principles and procedures.
ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management -- Life cycle
assessment -- Principles and framework.
ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management -- Life cycle
assessment -- Requirements and guidelines.
ISO 14064-1:2006, Greenhouse gases -- Part 1: Specification
with guidance at the organization level for quantification and
reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals.
ISO/WD 14067-1, Carbon Footprint of Products -- Part 1:
Quantification.
Japanese Technical Specification General principles for the
assessment and labeling of Carbon Footprint of products, (Japan,
2009)
PAS 2050:2008, Specification for the assessment of the life
cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services
3. (Terms and Definitions)

3.1 (Carbon storage)
3.2 (Offsetting)
3.3 (Allocation)
3.4 (Upstream
emissions)

-

10
3.5 (Downstream
emissions)
3.6 (System boundary)
3.7 (Product category

rules: PCRs)

3 (Type III environmental
declarations)
3.8 (Primary data)

3.9 (Secondary data)

11
3.10 (Biomass)
3.11 (Carbon dioxide

Equivalent, CO2e)
(CO2)
3.12 (Global Warming

Potential)

3.13 (Biogenic)

3.14 (Capital goods)
3.15 (Co-product)

12
3.16 (Functional Unit)
3.17
3.18 (Cut off)
4.
(Product differentiation)
2

(similar product)

(different product)
13
5.

1) Business-to-Consumer: B2C

2) Business-to-Business: B2B

PCRs
6. (Supporting data)

(emission factor)

14
7.
1)
6
(CO2)
(CH4) (N2O) (HFCs) -

(PFCs) (SF6)
2 ) (Global Warming
Potential: GWP)

100 IPCC (GWP100)
GWP100
25 1
25

1 25

15
3)

100

(Final disposal)
100

100

100
0.76 ( PAS 2050 6.4.9.1 Annex B)
4 )

16

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 )

6 )

-

7 ) (Carbon storage in
product)

10
8 )
(Land use change)

17

9) (Unit of analysis)

10) (Offsetting)
1
2

8.

(Methodological Framework)

4

1
(Joint
Implementation: JI) (Clean Development
Mechanism: CDM) (Emissions
trading: ET)
2
CDM/JI

UNFCCC
18

: LCA
ISO 14040 14044
8.1

1)

2)

19
(1) (Functional unit)

ISO 14044
-

(2) (Product system)

B2B
(3) (System boundary)

(unit Process)

20
(3.1)
3.1.1

1.

(
)
2.
21
( N 2O
)
( CH4
)
( CH 4
)

3.
0

3.1.2
1)
(
)
2)
22
2.1)
2.2)

; 2.3)
(
);

2.4)
(

)

3.1.3 (capital goods)

3.1.4
(Manufacturing and service provision)

(model)

(co-product)

23

of premises)
3.1.5 (Operation
3.1.6

1)

2)

1

24

3) 1)

2)

700
( - )

(

(emission
factor)
22 32

B2B

B2C

3.1.7

25

5
(material acquisition state)

(3.2)

B2B

(3.3) (final disposal)
(
B2B)

(landfill)

(tCO2e ) 2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 5: Waste

1 1
26
2.32
tCO2e/ 3

1

/

(tCO2e )
2.93
2.00
2.53
3.33
3.27
4.00
3.13
: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 5: Waste

3
JGSEE
27
40
6 16 (

6 15 - 20

6 16 )

(4)

/
( )
-

(5)

28
95

5

(cut off)

(scale up)
100

(6)

(Highest emission factor)

8.2
1)

(time relate coverage):

29
(geographical coverage):
(
30
(technology coverage):

(precision):
()
(completeness):

(representativeness):

(

(consistency):

(reproducibility):

(source of the data):

(uncertainty of the information):
(allocation) (cut-off rule)

(assumption)
2)

(upstream)

(1)

31
(2)
(peer-reviewed publications)
(3) LCA Software

(4) IPCC

3)

(1) (2)

4) (on site)
/

/

(Upstream
emission)
5) (off site)
/

32

()

(

)
9.

9.1
emission factor

9.2 -

9.3
8 7)
2
9.4

33
1) B2C:

( )

2) B2B:

B2B

3) B2B
B2C

9.5

High-level

5
(cut off)

(scale up)

34
100
10.

3 (Three significant number) 3.15 Kg, 152 g

. 929-2533 B2B
35
: Emission Factor

(kg CO2 e/)
Kg
41.3000
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
7.7100
7.5500
0.5161
2.1100
10.3000
5.1300
(softening, use resin and ion exchange)
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
kg
kg
0.3970
27.7000
83.1000
27.7000
2.6500
0.0003
2.580E-05
(Waste water treatment)
m3
kg
L
0.0264
0.0003
0.0012
36
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007
Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a
graphite
_Yarn production, cotton fibres/GLO S

_Textile refinment, cotton /GLO S
IDEMAT 2001, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent (Water, completely softened,
at plant)
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority(Thailand)
JEMAI
_Cotton Fibre
File: LCI data source
37

(kg CO2 e/)
(clay)
(Feldspar)
()
()
()
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.0029
0.0037
0.2600
0.3000
1.2600
1.0700
2.1100
1.8300
(Lubricant oil)
(Ear plug)
Screen
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
1.5000
1.0700
1.0700
0.8500
2.1100
2.1000
12.2000
3.6500
1.7600
38
()
EcoInvent (V 2)
EcoInvent (V 2)
SimaPro
SimaPro


Toluene 45%, IPA 25%, Mixed org. sol.

30% Calc. on Ecoinvent 2.0
39
(Sinter iron)
PET
(Cast iron)
(Braze)
(Metal Complex)
()
()
Natural rubber, latex foam

Natural rubber
Natural rubber
Synthetic rubber
Synthetic rubber
Reclaim rubber
Rubber
40

(kg CO2 e/)
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.3480
1.9033
1.4700
3.4700
2.0100
2.5500
1.7600
12.2000
5.9100
5.9100
4.4315
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
10.2770
0.6160
0.4419
0.1887
2.1700
0.5890
0.7197
2.6300
4.8500
2.6300

JAP Supplier

Jap Suplier, G2G cal. by JEMAI Pro
Jap Suplier, G2G cal. by JEMAI Pro
TH-Research
TH-Research
TH-Research
Eco-invent
Eco-invent
TH-Research
41
PP
HDPE
ABS
HIPS
PVC
EPS
ABS
Polyester resin
Magnetite
ABS+Fiber glass
PU Foam
PE Foam
42

(kg CO2 e/)
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
1.9700
2.1400
3.8700
3.5000
4.5800
3.3700
3.8000
7.5400
0.8250
1.5200
4.3100
2.1000
2.1900
0.246
0.0868
0.120
0.0812
0.12
0.0437
0.0443

SigmaPro

Department of Agriculture
43

(kg CO2 e/)
Wheat Flour
kg
kg
-0.6510
0.166
kg
0.099
kg
3.2500
- carbon dioxide 0.703132 kg
- nitrous oxide (N2O)
0.003635 kg
- methane 0.001356 kg
()
kg
kg

0.00006239 kg
0.0109
kg
1.08
44
Ecoinvent V.2
review ( )
LCI/LCA
Ecoinvent V.2
chicken LCA Food DK
SimaPro
. 2553.
.
(.)
Carrot, conventional, washed and
packed, from field LCA Food DK
SimaPro

. 2551.
.

45

(kg CO2 e/)
kg
kg
kg
kg
Rape seed meal () -
kg
0.8690
0.0682
0.3680
0.0001827 kg
0.0003360 kg
0.0002928 kg
0.2880
Soybean meal
(Bone meal)
ton
kg
0.1670
0.8110
46
Japanese Database
Primary data from supplier of PR
Tomato, standard LCA Food

DK SimaPro
Potatoes, from farm LCA

Food DK SimaPro
Onion, dried and stored LCA

Food DK SimaPro

Rape seed meal (LCA food DK)- no

geography
LCA Food DK
Bone, blood and meat meal-LCA food DK
electricity is from natural gas,

so no change of EF for electricity
, Process:
, natural gas
47

(kg CO2 e/)
- Argentina
kg
0.0588
()
kg
kg
0.0753
0.267
kg
1.6710
rice bran oil

-
kg
kg
kg
-1.1200
1.6710
0.8110
kg
0.0150
kg
0.5059
(Fertilizer N) -
(Fertilizer P)
kg
kg
2.6000
0.2520
48
Soy Meal-LCA Food DK
G to G : TH database, C to G SimaPro and

CF JPN
G to G : .

Ecoinvent V.2
none
Bone, blood and meat meal-LCA food DK
transportation from Southern

America to DK, natural gas
CF JPN: fertiliser, SimaPro:

herbicide:diesel acquisition, IPCC07:
diesel combustion
2nd data from CF JPN, SimaPro, IPCC
refer EF Palm oil

, Process:
, natural gas
G to G from T-17-03 2nd -CF JPN, herbicide-Ecoinvent

KU
(none in
JEMAI and SimaPro)
G to G: SUT allocate by economic
()
Japan CF
Japan CF
49

(kg CO2 e/)
(Fertilizer K)
(lime, CaCO3) -
(dolomite) ( Mg) -
(Borax) () -
() -
15-15-15
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.1600
1.0676
0.0265
1.5900
0.1097
2.0500
13-13-21
kg
1.8100
kg
5.5300
Fertiliser ammonium phophate

Fertiliser potassium choride
Glyphosate
(Atrazine)
(Alachlor)
Paraquat
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
3.7700
0.5330
16.0000
5.0100
8.0900
3.2300
Bromacil
kg
5.2500
Diuron
Ametine
Hormone
Ethylene
kg
kg
kg
kg
7.0400
8.5100
1.3900
50
Japan CF
JEMAI
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Calculation based on the IPCC method
EcoInvent V.2
EcoInvent V.2
EcoInvent V.2
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
EcoInvent V.2
EcoInvent V.2
EcoInvent V.2
EcoInvent V.2
Industry data 2.0
DIW project (National database of pineapple

cultivation) N2O
cultivation) N2O
cultivation) N2O
Substitute with 2, 4-D, at regional

storehouse/RER S
Substitute with Atrazine, at regional
storehouse/RER S
Diuron, at regional storehouse/kg/RER S
Substitute with Alachlor
Substitute with Ethylene E
51

(kg CO2 e/)
Textile chemical
Acetic Acid
1.5800
Acetic acid
Acid dye
Acrylic acid
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
kg
kg
kg
1.1900
31.1000
1.4100
1.6700
Ammonium sulphate
Ammonium sulphate
kg
kg
2.6600
0.3100
Disodium phosphate
3.7700
Ethelene glycal
Ethoxylated alcohols (AE7)
kg
1.4400
2.4000
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen Peroxide 50%
kg
0.8960
1.2100
Knitting oil (Kluber)

Knitting oil (Kluber)
642.0000
3.9300
Monosodium Phosphate
2.9500
52

Japanese data
Ecoinvent
BUWAL 250
Ecoinvent
ETH-ESU
LCA Food DK/ IPCC 2007 GWP 100a
USA input output dtabase, IPCC GWP 100a
(SimaPro)
pH adjust_Acetic acid, 98% in H2O,

at plant RER/S
Finishing (softener)_Alkylbenzene sulfonate,

linear, petrochemical, at plant RER S
Wetting agent : Ammonium salt of acrylic

polymer
Bleaching Agent_sodium
perborate,monohydrate, powder,
at plant/kg/RER S
Wetting agent
Wetting and emulsifying_ethoxylated alcohols
(AE7),petrochemical, at plant, RER S
Bleaching Agent_Hydrogen peroxide,

50% in H2O, at plant/ RER S
for knitting process_lubricant oil (1)
_Petroleum refining
pH adjust_Sodiun Phosphate, at plant/RER S
53

(kg CO2 e/)
Preservative
Silicone emulsion
Silicone tetrahydride
kg
kg
1.5700
2.6500
61.2000
Soap
Soap
0.0355
1.1200
Sodium Carbonate (soda ash)
1.1900
Sodium Chloride
0.2020
Sodium Hydrosulfite (sodium dithionite)
3.6000
Sodium Hydroxide
1.2000
Sodium perborate,monohydrate
3.7700
Sodium Silicate
Sodium Silicate
0.6400
1.6400
Sodium tripolyphosphate
Sulfuric acid
Acrylic Resin
kg
kg
kg
6.0400
0.0913
2.8600
54
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
USA input output dtabase, IPCC GWP 100a
(SimaPro)
IDEMAT2001, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Benzaldehyde
Defoamer : Silicone base
Finishing (softener)_silicone tetrahydride,
at plant/RER S
_Soap, at plant/RER S
Soaping_Soap and other detergens
Bleaching Agent_sodium carbonate,
at Plant/GLO S
Bleaching Agent_sodium chloride, powder,
at plant/kg/RER
Stripping_sodium dithionite, anhydrous,
at plant/RER S
pH adjust_sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O,
production mix, at plant/RER S
Sequest agent_sodium perborate,
monohydrate, powder,
at plant/kg/RER S
Stabilizer agent_Sodium Silicate I,
_sodium silicate, spray powder 80%,
at plant RER S
Dispersing agent
Alkyd resin, long oil, 70% in white sprit,

at plant/RER U
55

(kg CO2 e/)
Activator
Activator
Alcohol
Antidegradant
Butyl Cellosolve
Ethyl Acetate
Flux
Ink
Ink
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
2.9200
2.9200
1.2600
0.8370
3.0800
2.8800
2.0500
2.5000
1.6000
Iso Buty Alcohol

Lacquer
kg
kg
2.2900
6.7400
Lubricant Oil
Methyl Iso Butyl Ketone
n-Butyl Acetate
Nitrocellulose Resin
Non-reinforcing filler
Polyolefine
Reinforcing filler
Reinforcing filler
SBR Latex Base
Sealant Compound
Silica
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.8000
1.7800
3.0800
0.7700
0.0019
2.1600
1.0500
1.0200
2.1700
1.5400
0.0211
56

SimaPro
IDEMAT 2001
JAP Supplier
ZINC OXIDE
ZINC OXIDE (White Seal)
Ethanol from ethylene, at plant/RER S
Parafin wax
Butyl acetate, at plant/RER U
Ethyl Acetate, at plant/RER U
Flux, wave soldering, at plant/GLO S
Roto printing color
Printing colour, offset, 47.5% sovent,
at plant/RSU
Isobunol, at plant/RER U
Substitute with Epoxy resin, liquid,
at plent/RER S
Methyl ethyl ketone, at plant/RER U

Butyl acetate, at plant/RER U
Epoxy resin, at plant/RER U
Calcium carbonate
N-olefins, at plant/RER U
Calcium hydroxide
carbon black1
Stylene 50% + Butadiene 50%
1.54
Silica sand, at plant/RER U
57

(kg CO2 e/)
Sodium Chloride
Titanium Dioxide
kg
kg
0.1200
5.0500
Toluene
Varnish
Lime
Wastewater treatment chemical

Alum (WWT)
anionic polymer (WWT)
cation polymer (WWT)
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
1.5000
7.0900
0.0019
2.3100
0.2770
5.3500
1.4300
(LPG)
_
()
(coking coal)
- (low S)
- (low S)
-
- (unleaded)
kg
MJ
MJ
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
L
L
kg
0.6890
0.0099
0.0612
0.2700
0.0243
2.6268
0.52
0.4980
0.4293
2.7080
0.6790
58
SimaPro
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
Ecoinvent
BUWAL250
Ecoinvent 2.0
Frankin USA 98
JEMAI, coal (electricity, IDN)
IPCC
BUWAL250
at refinery/RER, Ecoinvent
IPCC 2007, DEDE
IPCC 2007, DEDE
at refinery/RER, Ecoinvent
Titanium dioxide at plant, sulphate process,

at plant/RER U
Toluene, liquid,at plant/RER U
Polymethyl acrylate, Bead
limestone
Acetylene, at regional storehouse/CH S
D=0.750 kg/l

D=0.54kg/l
change electricity to TH in JEMAI
IPCC2007
D=0.839kg/l
use density from DEDE
use calorific value from DEDE
59

(kg CO2 e/)
- (unleaded)
-
LPG I -
-
Cardboard
L
L
kg
kg
kg
MJ
kWh
kg
Corrugated box
Corrugated box
Kraft paper
Kraft paper
Kraft paper
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.5093
2.1896
0.2700
0.4260
0.6200
0.0926
0.5610
0.0000
- carbon dioxide,
fossil (A) 5.9179E+02
kg - carbon dioxide,
renewable (A)
8,4279E-01 kg nitrous oxide (A)
1,1473E-02 kg methane, fossil (A)
6,2572E-01 kg
0.7500
0.8260
1.1614
1.1500
-0.4117
0.0050
60
IPCC 2007, DEDE

IPCC
IDEMAT
heavy fuel oil at refinery/RER, Ecoinvent
LCA DK
EcoInvent V.2
TC Common data
LCI Dataset for Liquid Packaging Board

production The Alliance for Beverage
Cartons and the Environment (ACE)
Ongmongkolkul,Nielsen and Nazhad (2002)

Industry data
use density from DEDE

use calorific value from DEDE
zero

Scandinavia
kraft paper, unbleached, at plant/kg/RER
61

(kg CO2 e/)
Film AUL
Film PE
Film PE
Film PET
Film PP
Film LLDPE
LDPE
LDPE
Mat. OPP/LLDPE
Nylon
PE
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
ton
ton
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Film PE
Film PE
PET
CPP
PP
PP
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.7350
0.7350
0.8260
3.1900
0.5100
11.6000
0.0264
2.4300
5.4600
1.9700
2.2300
2.1000
2.6000
0.0366
1.9100
- methane 0.016 kg
0.0264
2.4300
3.7700
1.8900
1.8900
2.3990
62
SimaPro
SimaPro
Industry data 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a
Buwal 250
Primary data from supplier of TIPCO
SimaPro
Industry data 2.0
Industry data 2.0
Frankin USA 98
Industry data
EcoInvent V.2
TRF Rice Project
LCA Food DK
LDPE Resin
http://lca.plasticseurope.org
SimaPro
ETH-ESU 96
BUWAL 250
BUWAL 250
Ecoinvent
Polypropylene resin E
Packaging film LDPE at plant /RER s

EU, Taiwan ()
PET ETH S
PP granulate average B250
PP granulate + extrusion of plastic film
63

(kg CO2 e/)
Aluminium Foil
Recycle steel drum 200 L
_10 _B5_16 _Noload

_10 _B5_16 _50% load
_10 _B5_16 _75% load
_10 _B5_16 _Fullload
_10 _16 _Noload
_10 _16 _50% load
_10 _16 _75% load
_10 _16 _Fullload
_4 _7 _Noload
_4 _7 _50% load
_4 _7 _75% load
_4 _7 _Fullload
_6 __8.5 _Noload
_6 __8.5 _50% load
_6 __8.5 _75% load
_6 __8.5 _Fullload
_6 __11 _Noload
_6 __11 _50% load
Piece
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
0.5120
0.5429
0.0798
0.0552
0.0425
0.6160
0.1012
0.0719
0.0555
0.3270
0.2815
0.1920
0.1472
0.4461
0.1298
0.0911
0.0705
0.5139
0.1127
64
Environmental Profile Report

for the European Aluminium Industry
TH database, classified and uncertified

65
_6 __11 _75% load

_6 __11 _Fullload
_18 _32 _Noload
_18 _32 _50% load
_18 _32 _75% load
_18 _32 _Fullload
_20 _32 _Noload
_20 _32 _50% load
_20 _32 _75% load
_20 _32 _Fullload
_22 _32 _Noload
_22 _32 _50% load
_22 _32 _75% load
_22 _32 _Fullload
_10 _16 _Noload

_10 _16 _50% load
_10 _16 _75% load
_10 _16 _Fullload
_4 _7 _Noload
_4 _7 _50% load
_4 _7 _75% load
_4 _7 _Fullload
66

(kg CO2 e/)
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
0.0800
0.0639
0.9065
0.0830
0.0588
0.0459
0.8773
0.0869
0.0615
0.0464
1.0655
0.0896
0.0618
0.0475
0.6001
0.0887
0.0614
0.0473
0.3492
0.3546
0.2508
0.1913


67
_4 __1.5 _Noload
_4 __1.5 _50% load
_4 __1.5 _75% load
_4 __1.5 _Fullload
_6 __8.5 _Noload
_6 __8.5 _50% load
_6 __8.5 _75% load
_6 __8.5 _Fullload
_6 __11 _Noload
_6 __11 _50% load
_6 __11 _75% load
_6 __11 _Fullload
_18 _32 _Noload
_18 _32 _50% load
_18 _32 _75% load
_18 _32 _Fullload
_18 _32 _Noload
_18 _32 _50% load
_18 _32 _75% load
_18 _32 _Fullload
_10 _16 _Noload
_10 _16 _50% load
_10 _16 _75% load
_10 _16 _Fullload
68

(kg CO2 e/)
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
0.2523
0.3970
0.2823
0.2247
0.4248
0.1247
0.0877
0.0680
0.4565
0.1062
0.0745
0.0569
0.8576
0.0831
0.0597
0.0465
0.8216
0.0756
0.0536
0.0418
0.6320
0.0917
0.0642
0.0509

69

(kg CO2 e/)
_10 _16 _Noload

_10 _16 _50% load
_10 _16 _75% load
_10 _16 _Fullload
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
ton-km
0.5140
0.0874
0.0632
0.0494
bulk
ton-km
0.002
container
ton-km
0.0100
Paper
Textile
Food/Sludge
Wood
Garden&Park
nappies
Rubber and leather
ton-km
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.1111
2.9300
2.0000
2.5300
3.3300
3.2700
4.0000
3.1300
70

European Environment Agency Transport and

Environmental Reporting Mechanism Report,
2009
The Environmental Footprint of Surface
Freight Transportation, Lawson Economics
Research Inc., 2007
Train I, IDEMAT
IPCC 2006 Vol.5

IPCC 2006 Vol.5
IPCC 2006 Vol.5
IPCC 2006 Vol.5
IPCC 2006 Vol.5
IPCC 2006 Vol.5
IPCC 2006 Vol.5
71
72
1. .
2. .
3. .
4.
5.
6.
7. .
8.
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14. .
15.
1. .
2.
3. .
4. .
ISBN

978-974-286-777-5
1
1,000

()

2552

()
120 3 9

10210
0 2141 9790
0 2143 8400

114

12120
0 2564 6500
0 2564 6501-5

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2552

(Life cycle assessment: LCA)

3. (Terms and Definitions)

3. (Terms and Definitions)

3.1 (Carbon storage)

3.6 (System boundary)

3.7 (Product category

3.8 (Primary data)

3.9 (Secondary data)

3.11 (Carbon dioxide

3.12 (Global Warming

3.14 (Capital goods)

3.16 (Functional Unit)

3.18 (Cut off)

(1) (Functional unit)

(3) (System boundary)

3.1.3 (capital goods)

(3.3) (final disposal)

(allocation) (cut-off rule)

(softening, use resin and ion exchange)

(Waste water treatment)

_Yarn production, cotton fibres/GLO S

IDEMAT 2001, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

File: LCI data source

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

Toluene 45%, IPA 25%, Mixed org. sol.

Natural rubber, latex foam

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

Jap Suplier, G2G cal. by JEMAI Pro

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

IDEMAT 2001, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

- carbon dioxide 0.09859 kg

chicken LCA Food DK

Rape seed meal () -

Tomato, standard LCA Food

Potatoes, from farm LCA

Onion, dried and stored LCA

Rape seed meal (LCA food DK)- no

electricity is from natural gas,

rice bran oil

Soy Meal-LCA Food DK

G to G : TH database, C to G SimaPro and

transportation from Southern

CF JPN: fertiliser, SimaPro:

refer EF Palm oil

G to G from T-17-03 2nd -CF JPN, herbicide-Ecoinvent

Fertiliser ammonium phophate

Industry data 2.0

DIW project (National database of pineapple

Substitute with 2, 4-D, at regional

Substitute with Ethylene E

Knitting oil (Kluber)

Ecoinvent 2.0, IPPC 2007 GWP 100a

pH adjust_Acetic acid, 98% in H2O,

Finishing (softener)_Alkylbenzene sulfonate,

Wetting agent : Ammonium salt of acrylic

Bleaching Agent_Hydrogen peroxide,

Sodium Carbonate (soda ash)

Sodium Hydrosulfite (sodium dithionite)

Alkyd resin, long oil, 70% in white sprit,

Iso Buty Alcohol