Tnh cht vt l Benzen v amkylbenzen l nhng cht ko mu, hu nh ko tan trong nc nhng tan trong 1 s dung mi hu c, ng thi cng

l dung mi ha tan nhiu cht khc nh brom, iot, lu hunh, cao su, cht bo, Cc aren thng c mi c trng, v d benzene v ankylbenzen c mi thm nh, nhng c hi cho sc khe, nht l benzene Tnh cht ha hc P. th: vi brom: -khi c bt Fe, t th benzene p. vi brom khan to trnh brombenzen -toluen p. vi br2, k t, xt Fe to thnh mbrombenzen v p-brombenzen, p d dng hn benzene -khi c ASKT, toluen p. vi br2, th nhnh, to thnh benzylbromua p. nitro ha: -benzen p vi hh HNO3 c v H2SO4 m c to thnh nitrobenzen -nitrobenzen p vi HNO3 c, bc khi v H2SO4 m c un nng to thnh minitrobenzen -toluen p d dng hn khi ch cn HNO3 c (ko cn bc khi) v H2SO4 m c,t to thnh o-nitrotoluen v p-nitrotoluen p. th hidrocacbon thm: khi vng benzene cha sn nhm ankyl (hoc -OH, -OCH3, NH2) th p th d dng hn benzen v u tin vo v tr o v p. khi vng benzene cha sn nhm NO2 (hoc COOH, -HSO3,) th p kh khn hn benzene v u tin vo v tr m P. cng: benzene v ankyl benzene ko lm mt mu dd br2. khi c chiu sng, benzene p clo to thnh C6H6Cl6. khi c k t, xt Pt hoc Ni, benzene v ankyl benzene p H2 to thnh xicloankan P. oxi ha: k thng, benzen v ankyl benzen ko lm mt mu dd KMNO4. khi c t, nhm CH3 ca toluen b oxi ha: C5H5CH3 + KMNO4 C6H5COOK + KOH+ MNO2+ H2O (80-100oC) cc aren khi chy trong k2 thng to ra mui than v p ta nhiu nhit c trng: d th, kh cng, bn vi cc cht oxi ha tnh thm iu ch: benzen v ankyl benzen c iu ch t vic chng ct du m v nha than stiren c iu ch bng p benzene + etilen ng dng: -benzen dng tng hp cc monome to ra polime lm cht do, cao su, t si (nh poli stiren, cao su buna stiren,). -benzen iu ch nitrobenzen, phenol, anilin lm phm nhum, dc phm -toluen iu ch thuc n TNT (trinitrotoluene) -ngoi ra, benzen, toluene v xilen cn c dng lm dung mi.