7

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)

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2
- Cosmic Tree.

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.

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.
3

- Agha Khan Award Seminars.

. )
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)
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4

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.

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- Antiquarianism.

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) (1958 .
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(symbolik " ) (9 .

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6

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) (

.
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7

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8
) ( 1974

.

)
(



.
.
5

- Rudi Paret's Symbolicdes Islam (Stuttgart. 1985).

- Synecdoche.
7
- Jacques Waardenburg's "Islam Studied as a Symbol and Signification
System" in Humaniora Islamica, Vol. ll (1974).
8
- Humaniora Islamica, Vol. ll (19740.
6

.
9


.

10 ) (1975 .

(

) 11( 1978
/
.

( )
12 (1976
) 13
(1973 .

14
) (

)


9

- HELLMUT RITTER: Das Meer der Seele: Mensch, Welt und Gott in
den Geschichten des Fariduddin 'Attar, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1987.
10

- Annemarie Schimmel: Mystical Dimensions of Islam The University

of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill, Nc, 1975.
11

- M. Arkoun et al. L'etrange et le merveilleux dans l'Islam medieval

(Paris, 1978).
12

- S. H. Nasr, Islamic Science: An Illustrated Study (London, World of

Islam Festival, 1976).
13

- The sense of unity: the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture / Nader

Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar ; with a foreword by Seyyed Hossein
Nasr.Chicago, 1973.
- Formal transformations.

14

15

(
)

(

.

) 1967
(1976
:

.1
) (
(

.
.

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)
16

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.3
17
] [

15

- Logical and paralogical methods.

-
.
17
- Abbot Sugar.
16

.

.
:
18 )
1972 3 . .
(1974
)
1957 3
1974 (274-291
.
) (.
)
( 19
:
20
21

][ .
) (
.

=) 22( ) ." "
1969 18
( ) 23 1978
" " 1957 3 ..
18

- Schuyler Camman.
- Working hypothesis.
20
- Theme: a unifying or dominant idea, motif, etc., as in a work of art.
a unifying or dominant idea, motif, etc
21
- Signs of the Zodiac.
22
- Iconographic.
23
- Vectorial.
19

" " (1979 24

.
.
-
-
.

)
( .

)
( .

.
) 25aarp 131987 " 26
29
(
1976 27 " " 28

.

.
.

)
30
( .
-



.

24

- The Art Bulletin.

- A.A.R.P. Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental
Design Research Center.
26
- An Art of the Object.
27
-Artforum.
28
- Das Ornament in der Islamischen Kunst.
29
- Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft Journal of
the German Oriental Society ( ZDMG ), Suppl. lll. 1977.
30
- Max van Berchem.
25

.



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.

.

.

.
.
.

.
: .

) . 31
(1977 32 )
(19539-57 33 .
) (1953 "" .

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) 35(1961 .
36 . ) 37(1967
31

- T. Todorov, Theories du Symbole, Paris, 1977.

- Ernest Cassirer's Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (3 vol., New Haven,
1953).
32

33

- S. Langer's Philosophy in a New Key, Cambridge, Mass., 1953.

- R. Firth's Symbols (London, 1973).
35
- Eliade, Mircea, Images and Symbols (New York, 1961).
36
- Clifford James Geertz.
37
- Victor Witter Turner, forest of symbols, Ithaca, 1967.
34

.
: 197938
" 391973 2 ."
" 196640 7
" .196441 4
" "
.42(1977) 6

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)

( )
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. . .(197243

44
38

- Umberto Eco's A Theory of Semiotics, Bloomington, 1979.

- Semiotics of Architecture," Via 2 ( 1973).
40
- G. Friedmann, "Une rhetorique des symbols", Communications ,7,
1966.
41
- Roland Barthes' Elements of Semiology, Communications, 1964.
39

42

- ABDUL HAMID EL-ZEIN's Beyond Ideology and Theology: the

Search for the Anthropology of Islam, Annual Review of Anthropology
Vol. 6: 227-254 (Volume publication date October 1977).
43

- Nuba Personal Art by James C. Faris, London, 1972.

- 44 ) : ( paradeigma

.
.

)
( 45 . ) (
47 )
( 48

49
.

.
)=(

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50 ) ( )( .

][ .

46

.
) (Paradigm
.
.
- :
.
.

.
) ( .


.
.

.

. .
45
- Premises.
46
- Symbol.
47
- Sign.
48
- Image.
49
- Swastika.
50
- Mood.

.

.
: .
.


.




)51 . ." "
52(1976 ) .
(1964 ) .
1958 2 . 233 (357-367

.
)
(
.

.
.

:
. )
(


- 51 .
.
.

.
.
52
- Paul Wheatley, 'Levels of Space Awareness in the Traditional Islamic
City', Ekistics 42/253. (1976) p.369.

) ( .
)
.

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) (256 53 .
.
: 52
1-5
54 .
55



35-8 "
" 56
.

.
-
.

53

- Magnificent.
- 54 .
.
) (Boabdil
.
.
55
- Cupola.
56
- Verses of the light.

.

.


" " .
.

57
" " 58
.

)
(
.
59
-
-




.

. . ) 60(1978


.
57

- Culture-bound.
- City of Brass.
59
- Archetype.
60
- M S Bulatov, Geometric harmonization in Central Asian architecture
in the 9th-15th centuries, Historical-theoretic research Nauka (Moscow,
1988)=. Bulatov, M. S. Geometricheskaia garmonizaciya v
arhitekture Sredney Azii X-XV vv. Moskva, 1978
58

61





62

.

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.

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:
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.

.


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.

- Symbolism.
- Franz Rosenthal.

61
62

.

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63

64
.


)


( .

.
: .

.

. 65

:
)
63

- Synchronic.
- Diachronic.
65
- Monuments in art and architecture.
64

( .
)
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.

.
.
67 .
68
.
) (

. )

(
.



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.
.
.
.

.
) ( 69
66

- Uncreated.
- Restricted symbolic cultural continuity.
68
- Hypostyle mosque.
- 69 ) (Skyline
.
67

70
71
72 .

.
.
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. 73


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.

-- .
)(
.
70

- Framer.
- 71
.

. .
- 72 ) (Qutub Minar : /
.



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.
73
- Symbolism.

) (
)
( .


.
.

.

.
.

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( )
( .




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.

.


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.

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.
.
74
. )(

75 ) 76( 77
.
" " 78
.
:

74

- Morphological.
-75 )297 : (567 .
) 207 .(66
*) (487

.Guyushi Mosque in Cairo .
76
- Qaytbay Complex, Citadel, Cairo.
- 77 ( . ( .
) ( 872 . . 29
901 . . .

.
.
. 884

896 . -1 : ) 1477
.(.
) . 2 1492 1
.(164 ) ( .
78
- "Un-Islamities".

.


. ) (1978

79 .
.



80
.


.
) ( 81
.
.
.

.



.

.



.
.
79

- Vector of meaning.
- hypostasis.
81
- Syntactic.
80

.

.
.
-1 .


.

.

.


.
-2 . .


.


.


.

.
-3 .

. )
( .

.

) . .
(195382
- E. B. Smith, Architectural Symbolism, Princeton, 1953).

82

.
-4 .
) 83 (
)(
.5 ) ( .

.

.
22 1391

- Associative.

83