báo cáo thưc tập

MC LC
LI NI U... 3 CHNG I: GII THIU KHI QUT V E-BANKING .. 4 I. II. 1. Khi qut v e-banking . 4 Cc loi sn phm dch v e-banking .. 5 Cc loi th nha (Plastic Money) .5 1.1 Th ghi c (Credit Card) hay th tn dng .6 1.2 Th thanh ton (Charge Card) .. 9 1.3 Th ghi n (Debit Card) .9 1.4 Th thng minh (Smart Card) .. 11 1.5 Mt s lu s dng th an ton .11 1.6 Vi nt v mt s thng hiu th ph bin trn th gii..14 a. b. c. d. 2. 3. 4. Visa... 14 Mastercard19 American Express. 21 JCB22
H thng thanh ton in t ti cc im bn hng (EFTPOS)24 My rt tin t ng (Automatic Teller Machines - ATM).25 Dch v ngn hng qua in thoi (Telephone banking)..25 4.1 Telephone banking l g ? .26 4.2 Nhng tin ch ca telephone banking..26 4.3 Chi ph s dng..27 4.4 Cch thc s dng v tnh an ton28 Dch v ngn hng ti nh (Home banking/PC banking) 29 5.1 Gii thiu chung v dch v ngn hng ti nh 29 5.2 Dch v ngn hng ti nh hot ng nh th no? 30 Dch v ngn hng qua mng my tnh ton cu (Internet banking) .. 34 6.1 Gii thiu chung v internet banking.34 6.2 Cch thc s dng internet banking..35 Dch v ngn hng qua v tuyn truyn hnh tng tc (Interactive TV).41 Dch v ngn hng qua mng vin thng khng dy (Wireless communications network) hay M(mobile) banking.42 Nhng yu t quan trng trong s hnh thnh v pht trin e-banking .. 43
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III.
HTTP://SINHVIENNGANHANG.COM
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1. 2. 3.
Yu t php l.. 43 Yu t khoa hc cng ngh.. 43 Yu t cnh tranh..44 Bi cnh thc y s pht trin e-banking ti Vit Nam .. 45 Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti Vit Nam ni chung48 Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti h thng ngn hng trong nc 51 Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam 51 Ngn hng thng mi c phn Chu...55 Ngn hng ng .. 57 Ngn hng thng mi c phn K Thng59 Ngn hng thng mi c phn Xut Nhp khu Vit Nam .. 61 Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam .65 Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti h thng ngn hng c vn u t nc
CHNG II: TNH HNH TRIN KHAI E-BANKING TI VIT NAM..45 I. II. III. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. IV.
ngoi.. .66 1. 2. 3. V. Chohung Vina Bank. 66 Ngn hng ANZ Vit Nam ..67 Ngn hng HSBC .... 71 Nhng tn ti trong qu trnh pht trin e-banking ti Vit Nam hin nay..71
CHNG III: CC GII PHP NHM THC Y S PHT TRIN EBANKING TI VIT NAM .. .75 I. II. III. IV. V. Nhm gii php php l .. 75 Nhm gii php c s vt cht k thut ..88 Nhm gii php o to ngun nhn lc ...90 Nhm gii php tng cng hp tc quc t.. 91 Nhm gii php nng cao nhn thc x hi ..93
KT LUN ..... 94 TI LIU THAM KHO ..... 95
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LI NI U
Trong thi i bng n thng tin nh hin nay, u u ta cng bt gp nhng ng dng ca cng ngh thng tin. c bit trong lnh vc ti chnh ngn hng, vi vai tr huyt mch ca nn kinh t, vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong s pht trin cc dch v ngn hng gp phn quan trng to nn mt nn kinh t c tnh cnh tranh cao v em li nhiu tin ch cho cc khch hng. Nhn thc c li ch to ln m cng ngh thng tin em li, nhiu ngn hng trn th gii v ang tin hnh p dng cng ngh thng tin pht trin v hon thin cc dch v ngn hng nhm tho mn ti a nhu cu ngy cng a dng ca khch hng. Ch cn 7 nm na, lnh vc ngn hng Vit Nam s phi m ca hon ton. Cc t chc tn dng nc ngoi vi s vn khng l, cng ngh hin i, dch v a dng v vi b dy nhiu nm kinh nghim s c hot ng khng b hn ch Vit Nam. tn ti v pht trin, cc ngn hng thng mi trong nc buc phi a dng ho dch v, hin i ho cng ngh v tng bc chim lnh th phn ngay t by gi. Chnh v vy m trong vi nm gn y v c bit l t u nm 2003, cc ngn hng thng mi ua nhau tung ra cc sn phm, dch v mi m pht trin nhanh v mnh nht phi k n dch v e-banking. i su tm hiu v vn ny, ti la chn ti "Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti Vit Nam" cho kho lun tt nghip. Thng qua kho lun ny, ti mong mun em n cho ngi c khi nim c bn v e-banking cng nhng thng tin cp nht v tnh hnh trin khai dch v e-banking ti Vit Nam. Mc d ht sc c gng song do ti cn kh mi m khng ch Vit Nam m cn c trn th gii nn phm vi nghin cu cn hn hp v khng trnh khi cn nhiu hn ch. Ti rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca ngi c quan tm n lnh vc dch v ngn hng mi m ny. Ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht ti Gio S, Nh Gio u T inh Xun Trnh, Trng i hc Ngoi Thng, ngi tn tnh hng dn v cho ti nhng nhn xt ht sc qu bu. Ti cng xin cm n anh Nguyn Thanh Bnh, Cn b Phng Tin hc Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam; Ch Phm Thu H, Trng phng Internet Banking v Ch Trng Cc Hng, Trng phng Dch v Ti chnh C nhn, Ngn hng ANZ Vit Nam cng gia nh v bn b, nhng ngi nhit tnh gip v ng vin ti rt nhiu trong qu trnh thc hin kho lun ny.
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Chng I: Gii thiu khi qut v e-banking

I. Khi qut v e-banking
E-banking l tn vit tt ca electronic-banking, c ngha l "dch v ngn hng in t". Dch v ngn hng in t l vic cung cp cc sn phm v dch v ngn hng bn l bao gm: tin hnh giao dch ngn hng kim tra ti khon thanh ton ho n in t cung cp cc sn phm v dch v thanh ton in t khc nh tin in t thng qua cc phng tin in t.1 Cng ngh hin i ngy nay to ra nhiu sn phm, dch v tuyt vi, p ng c cc nhu cu ngy cng kht khe ca khch hng. Trc y, ni n giao dch ngn hng, ta thng tng tng ra cnh khch hng phi mt nhiu thi gian in vo cc loi mu giy t, sau ng xp hng di ch n lt, ri phi lm th tc qua nhiu ca mt rt nhiu thi gian, cng sc, cha k nhng ri ro, nguy him m khch hng c th gp khi phi thanh ton mt s lng ln tin mt. Ngoi ra, khch hng ch c th n giao dch trong gi m ca ca ngn hng. Nhng gi y, cc dch v e-banking a dng vi cch s dng tng i n gin, tin li gip khch hng hon ton thot khi nhng iu phin toi . E-banking thc s tr thnh phng tin h tr c lc gip cho khch hng c th ch ng kim sot tnh hnh ti chnh ca mnh mt cch an ton, hiu qu, mi lc, mi ni m khng cn phi trc tip ti giao dch ti ngn hng. Vi cc doanh nhn th
1 Trch trong t i liu "ANZ Vit Nam - Dch v Ngn h ng in t" ca Tp o n Ngn h ng Hu hn c v New Zealand, 2002.
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"thi gian l vng", do c th ni e-banking gp phn khng nh vo thnh cng trong hot ng kinh doanh ca h. E-banking mang li rt nhiu tin ch khng ch cho khch hng m cn c cho cc ngn hng na. E-banking gip cho ngn hng tit kim ti a c ngun nhn lc bi nhiu khu c t ng ho nhng vn m bo cung cp dch v cht lng cao ti mt s lng ln khch hng ca mnh. V do , khng nhng li nhun thu c ca cc ngn hng tng ln m quan trng hn l uy tn ca h cng c nng cao. Nh ni trn, e-banking bao gm nhiu loi sn phm, dch v khc nhau c to ra nhm p ng nhu cu a dng, phong ph ca khch hng. Hin nay, nhng sn phm, dch v e-banking c cc ngn hng cung cp cho khch hng bao gm : cc loi th nha (th thanh ton, th tn dng, th thng minh); h thng thanh ton ti cc im bn hng my rt tin t ng dch v ngn hng qua in thoi dch v ngn hng ti nh dch v ngn hng qua mng my tnh ton cu dch v ngn hng qua v tuyn truyn hnh tng tc dch v ngn hng qua mng vin thng khng dy
II.
Cc loi sn phm, dch v e-banking

1. Cc loi th nha (Plastic Money)
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"Plastic Money" l tn m ngi ta t cho cc loi th nha dng thay th cho tin mt. C rt nhiu tn gi khc nhau cho nhng loi th ny nhng nhn chung chng u c hai chc nng chnh: gip ngi ta c th rt c tin mt hoc thc hin thanh ton m khng cn dng tin mt hoc sc. Hin nay, hu ht cc ngn hng ln trn th gii u c th pht hnh mt th mang ba chc nng cho khch hng ca h: Chc nng bo chi sc (c vai tr nh mt th bo m ca ngn hng hay mt th bo chi sc). Theo , ngn hng m bo thanh ton cho khon tin ghi trn sc do khch hng pht hnh ti mt hn mc xc nh. Dng rt tin mt t cc my rt tin t ng (automatic teller machines hay cn gi l ATM) Dng thanh ton hng ho, dch v bng chuyn tin in t ti im bn hng (Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale hay cn c vit tt l EFTPOS) Ngy nay, sn phm v th rt a dng. Ngoi cc chc nng c bn trn, mi loi th li c nhng c im ring nhm p ng cc nhu cu phong ph ca khch hng. Thng thng ch th s phi tr ph hng nm (annual fee) s dng th. Ph ny b li cc chi ph m ngn hng phi b ra duy tr ti khon v pht hnh th. Nhiu ngn hng cng tnh ph cho nhng giao dch ti my ATM, thng t 50 cent n 3 USD tu ngn hng v tu theo giao dch ti ATM thuc hay khng thuc h thng ca ngn hng pht hnh. 1.1 Th ghi c (Credit Card) hay th tn dng
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Cc th tn dng (credit card) cung cp cc khon vay cho khch hng khi mua hng ho hoc dch v. Th tn dng c cc cng ty th tn dng (credit card companies) pht hnh. Cc cng ty th tn dng hng u trn th gii phi k n l Mastercard, Visa, American Express, Access, JCB c im c bn ca th tn dng l n cho php ch th khi mua hng c th nhn hng trc v thanh ton sau, c hng mt khon tn dng tun hon v hn mc tn dng do ngn hng pht hnh th qui nh. Khi khch hng ln u tin mua th tn dng, h thng phi t cc trc mt khon tin v ngn hng s da vo nh ra hn mc tn dng cho th (thng th hn mc ny c gi tr bng tng s tin t cc ca khch). i vi cc khch hng c mt qu trnh s dng th tn dng, ngn hng s cn c vo cch khch hng thng thanh ton (tng phn hay tr ht, thng xuyn thanh ton chm hay ng hn) linh hot nh ra hn mc tn dng cho tng khch hng. Tu theo qui nh ca tng ngn hng pht hnh m hng thng ch th s phi thanh ton mt mc ti thiu hay ton b s tin hng mua chu trong thng. Thng thng, nu ch th thanh ton ton b ho n th ng hn th s khng phi tr thm li. Nu khng h s phi tr mt khon li vay kh cao, t 12%/nm tr ln tu tng ngn hng qui nh. Khi mua sm th g bng th tn dng, khch hng a th cho ngi bn hng. Ngi bn hng ly cc thng tin ca th nh: s th, hn mc tn dng, ngy ht hn. Sau , khch hng k tn trn bin lai ca ngi bn m sau ngi bn dng nhn thanh ton tin bn hng t cng ty th tn dng. Ngi bn hng s phi tr mt khon ph khong 4% gi tr tin hng cho cng ty th tn dng. Hng thng ngn hng pht hnh th s gi cho ch th mt bn thanh ton trong lit k ra tt c cc giao dch trong thng v tin li phi tr.
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Li im ln nht ca th tn dng i vi khch hng l s tin dng v an ton. Chng tin dng bi l khi cn mua mt chic v my bay chng hn, khch hng khng cn phi ti i l bn v my bay m ch cn nhc in thoi gi cho i l v c cho h s th tn dng ca mnh. iu ny cng c ngha l h khng cn phi mang mt s lng ln tin mt theo ngi v do s trnh khi nguy c b cp. Cn na, h khng phi mt thi gian i rt tin mt ti ngn hng ri li mt cng m li ln na ti i l bn v my bay. Ngoi ra, trong trng hp b mt hoc b ly cp th, ti khon ca khch hng cng khng b ngi khc s dng min l khch hng phi thng bo mt th ngay lp tc. Mt li im na ca th tn dng l nu khch hng thanh ton y cc khon giao dch trong thng ng hn th h khng phi tr khon tin li. Nh vy khch hng c hng mt khon tn dng tun hon m khng phi tr li. Th tn dng cng mang li li ch cho ngi bn hng. Do khch hng c th dng hng trc, tr tin sau nn doanh s bn hng s tng ln. Hn na v khng giao dch bng tin mt nn ngi bn hng s an ton hn v h s phi gi t tin mt hn ti ca hng. Mt khc, khon ph 4% m ngi bn hng phi tr cho cng ty th tn dng cng vi cc chi ph hnh chnh khc h phi b ra lp s sch theo di v hon tt cc th tc thu tin bn hng s c ngi bn cng vo gi bn ca hng ho. Nh vy, thc cht ngi bn hng cng khng phi b thm chi ph m doanh thu li tng. Ch th s phi k trn bin lai mua hng bao gm ba lin - mt lin ch th gi, mt cho ngi bn hng v lin cn li cho ngn hng. Ngn hng ghi c tng s tin bn hng vo ti khon ca ngi bn hng, ghi n vo ti khon ca cng ty th tn dng v gi cc bin lai bn hng n cng ty th tn dng. Quy trnh ny khc nhau tu thuc vo tng ngn hng. Mt s ngn hng tr
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khon tin hoa hng c hng vo tng s tin bn hng trc khi ghi c vo ti khon ca ngi bn. Khi cc cng ty th tn dng nhn c cc bin lai bn hng, h s thanh ton cho cc ngn hng thng qua h thng b tr tng s tin bn hng ca mi ca hng tr i khon hoa hng. ng thi cng ty th tn dng ghi n vo ti khon ca cc ch th v gi cho h ho n thanh ton hng thng. S ca cc th b bo mt hoc nh cp s c cp nht vo mt h thng my tnh. Danh sch cc th ny c cp nht thng xuyn v cc ch ca hng hay cc i l thanh ton th u c th truy cp vo mng ny nhanh chng kim tra xem th tn dng m khch hng a ra thanh ton c nm trong danh sch hay khng. 1.2 Th thanh ton (Charge Card) Th thanh ton (charge card) c cc chc nng tng t th tn dng, tuy nhin ch th phi thanh ton ton b ho n th hng thng v ngoi ra cn phi tr ph hi vin. Cc loi th thanh ton ph bin hin nay l American Express, JCB, Diner's Club 1.3 Th ghi n (Debit Card) Th ghi n (debit card) cng c cc chc nng tng t th tn dng, tuy nhin khi dng th ghi n thanh ton, s tin phi tr s c tr trc tip vo ti khon ca khch hng v nh vy, s d c ca ti khon khch hng b gim xung. Ngc li, khi dng th tn dng th s d n trong ti khon khch hng tng ln.
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Khch hng chc chn s cm thy rt thun tin khi dng loi th ny thanh ton hay rt tin mt v hin nay c khong vi chc triu my in t (electronic terminal) ti hn 100 nc trn th gii chp nhn thanh ton.
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Nhng u im ca th ghi n c th k ra l: Thanh ton bng chnh tin ca mnh m khng cn mang theo tin mt hay sc Khng phi i ngn hng xc nhn thanh ton sc An ton hn thanh ton bng tin mt D dng kim sot tnh hnh ti chnh ca mnh Khi s dng th ghi n thanh ton cho hng ho, dch v, khch hng a th cho ngi bn hng. Ngi bn hng s cho th trt qua my cp php v nhp s tin phi thanh ton. Mt s i l cho php khch hng rt tin mt ti y bng cch nhp s tin vo my cp php ln hn s tin thc t phi thanh ton. Khch hng nhp m s PIN vo bn phm s. Trong vi giy, my s kim tra cc thng tin, xc nhn tin cn trong ti khon v thc hin giao dch. Sau , mt ho n s c in ra t my v s tin phi thanh ton c tr trc tip vo ti khon ca khch hng. Mt dng ca th ghi n l th rt tin (cash card). Th rt tin (cash card) l tn gi ca cc loi th m ch th s dng chng rt tin mt t ti khon ca h ti cc my rt tin t ng (ATM). H khng nhng c th rt tin ti cc my ATM thuc bt c chi nhnh no ca ngn hng h ang m ti khon m cn c th s dng c ti c cc my ATM ca cc ngn hng khc c ni mng vi ngn hng ca h. Khch hng c th hon ton yn tm v s an ton khi s dng th thanh ton v mi khch hng u c ngn hng cung cp cho mt s PIN (personal identification number). y l m s c nhn m khch hng nn hc thuc lng. M s ny c gi b mt tuyt i, ngay c cc nhn vin ngn hng cng khng c bit chng. Khi s dng my rt tin t ng, khch hng a th vo my ri nhp s PIN ca mnh. Sau khch hng c
HTTP://SINHVIENNGANHANG.COM - 11 -
th la chn cc dch v hin trn mn hnh ca my nh khch hng c th rt c mt s tin mt ti mt hn mc nht nh, kim tra s d ti khon, in bo co ti khon, chuyn tin gia cc ti khon hay np tin vo ti khon Khng phi my rt tin t ng ca mi ngn hng u c chc nng ging nhau. Tu thuc vo quy nh ca nc s ti hoc theo nhu cu c th m my ATM ca tng ngn hng c nhng chc nng khc nhau. Thng thng cc my ATM u c th cho php khch hng kim tra s d ti khon, in bo co ti khon, chuyn tin gia cc ti khon ca h vi nhau. Ngoi ra c my cn cho php khch hng yu cu s sc, np sc hoc tin mt vo ti khon ca h. 1.4 Th thng minh (Smart Card) Th Thng minh (Smart Card) l loi th nha hin i nht hin nay. Loi th ny c cha mt mch vi x l (microchip) trn c mang cc thng tin v ti khon ca ch th. N cn c th cha c cc thng tin v cc giao dch ti khon trc m ch th c th xem c ti cc my ATM. R rng rng loi th ny cn c th cha cc thng tin khng lin quan ti giao dch ngn hng nh cc thng s y t ca ch th, d liu v cc loi bo him ch th ang tham gia v cc thng tin c nhn khc. 1.5 Mt s lu s dng th an ton: Sau khi nhn th phi k tn ch k ng sau th ngay lp tc. Khng c vit m s nhn dng c nhn (PIN) ln th hay b trong v m phi hc thuc lng n. Mt s ngn hng cho php khch hng c th i s PIN cho d nh hn. Phn ln cc th c s PIN l 4 ch
s, mt s khc th s PIN c th nhiu ch s hn hay c bao gm c ch. Nu s PIN c bao gm c ch th ch th nn lin h vi ngn hng pht hnh i li thnh s ht trc khi i ra nc ngoi trnh cc phin phc c th xy ra. Nn ghi li s th v s in thoi bo mt th v gi ni an ton. Khi chn s PIN khng nn ly nhng s m ngi khc c th d dng on c nh s in thoi, ngy sinh, b danh, tn ca mnh, tn con ci, bt c s kt hp no ca nhng thng tin ny hay cc t d nh nh password, noneNn chn mt khu mt cch ngu nhin khng mt ai c th d ra bng cch suy lun cc quan h vi ch th. C th m mt cun sch dy, ln ngn tay qua trang sch bt k n mt t ng nhin no v ly lm mt khu. Ghi vo u khi qun. C th dng mt t sai chnh t lm mt khu, v d ng l vit password th vit pasword. Cng c th thng xuyn thay i mt khu bng cch chen con s khc nhau vo gia mt t chng hn . tng thm tnh an ton, mt s my ATM c th gi th nu khch bm sai s PIN qu 3 ln hay nu trong vng 30 giy khch khng c thao tc trn my. Khng tit l s PIN cho bt c ai, k c ngi thn. Khng ai, k c nhn vin ngn hng, cnh st hay i l thanh ton th c quyn hi s PIN ca ch th. Ch duy nht ch th c bit iu . Sau khi thc hin xong mt giao dch ti my ATM, nh ly li th v ho n (nu c). Gi cn thn cc ho n tin i chiu vi bo co ti khon v sau. Khi th b gi li trong my ATM, cn cnh gic vi tt c nhng ngi ngh gip , ngay c khi h l nhn vin bo v ca ngn hng. Nhng k ti phm c th ly c s PIN bng nhiu cch nh nhn qua vai hay hi trc tip
Cn bo cho ngn hng pht hnh ngay khi pht hin mt th trnh k gian li dng rt tin trn ti khon. Gi th cn thn nh n l tin mt vy. Trnh lm cong, gy, xc th v n c th lm hng di t mt sau th. Khng nn th t gn tivi, in thoi di dng v n th lm hng di t ca th. Lun c thi quen kim tra ho n bn hng v so snh vi tng s tin thanh ton trc khi k ho n. Nh gi li mt bn copy tin i chiu vi bo co ti khon. Khng bao gi c tit l s th cho ngi khc trn in thoi tr khi khch hng bit chc l ngi ng tin cy hoc mt cng ty c uy tn. Lun i chiu cc ho n mua hng vi bo co ti khon, c bit l sau khi va mi kt thc mt chuyn i. Khi dng my ATM cn ch quan st xung quanh, trnh rt tin ti nhng ni ho lnh hoc thiu nh sng. Nn r thm ngi khc cng i vi mnh. Ly th ra sn sng, trnh phi lc tung v hoc ti xch tm th. Trnh nhng ngi ng xp hng ng sau nhn thy mnh nhp s PIN hay s tin vo my. Khng nn m tin ngay khi ang ng cnh my ATM. Ct ngay th, tin v ho n ngay khi lm xong giao dch, m sau. Nu pht hin ra iu g ng ng, cn hu ngay giao dch v i ch khc. Nu c th, cn lin h li vi ngn hng pht hnh th xc nhn giao dch b hu. Nu my ATM c t trong cabin c ca kn, khng nn ngi l vo cng khi rt tin. Ngay khi pht hin ra c sai khc gia ho n vi bn bo co ti khon, cn bo ngay cho ngn hng pht hnh bit c gii p.
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Trc khi bt u chuyn i xa, nn tm hiu v tr c my ATM chp nhn loi th m mnh ang c bng cch lin h vi ngn hng pht hnh th hoc tm trn mng Internet. 1.6 Vi nt v mt s thng hiu th ph bin trn th gii
a.
Visa
H thng my ATM ton cu ca Visa H thng my ATM ton cu ca Visa bao gm khong 810.000 my trn hn 150 nc. Hu ht cc my ATM ny cung cp dch v 24 gi trong ngy, 7 ngy trong tun. Hin c khong hn 1 t ngi s dng th ny trn ton th gii. Cc loi th trong h thng Visa nh Visa, Plus v Electron u cho php ngi s dng rt tin mt cch nhanh chng, thun tin v an ton. Rt tin mt bng my Visa/Plus ATM c s dng s PIN an ton, khch hng cn c hng t gi chuyn i ngoi t hp dn hn. Ngoi ra, cc my ATM ny cho php khch rt loi tin ca nc ang c tr v tr vo ti khon ca khch hng bng tin ni t. Nh vy khch s khng phi tm ch i tin v khng phi tr thm tin hoa hng nh thng c ti cc im i tin bnh thng. Cc my ATM ny cng thng c t nhng a im thun tin nht cho cc khch du lch nh ti cc sn bay quc t, nh ga, cc trung tm thng mi sm ut,... Th ghi n ca Visa c 3 loi chnh mang cc biu tng nh sau:
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Th Visa Electron Th Visa Electron bt u c pht hnh vo nhng nm 80 vi mc ch s dng thanh ton ti cc i l c my thanh ton in t. Visa Electron c th s dng thanh ton ti hn 12 triu i l thanh ton in t trn ton th gii, thanh ton trn Internet v rt tin mt ti hn 800.000 my ATM. Ngy nay th Visa Electron c pht trin mang thm nhiu chc nng hn nh th ghi n, th tn dng, th tr trc, c hoc khng c mch vi x l (chip), tuy nhin n thng c s dng nh th ghi n. Th Visa Electron c cc t chc ti chnh l thnh vin ca Visa pht hnh ti nhiu khu vc trn th gii nh: chu Phi, chu , vng Ca-ri-b, khu vc Trung v Nam M, chu u, M-hi-c v khu vc Trung ng. Tuy nhin, khng mt t chc ti chnh no ti M v Canada pht hnh loi th ny. Mc d vy, th Visa Electron vn c chp nhn thanh ton ti cc i l thanh ton th v my ATM ca hai nc trn. Th Visa Cash
Th Visa Cash mang biu tng nh sau:
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N c xem nh mt phng thc thanh ton mi cho cc khon chi tiu thit yu hng ngy m khng phi mang hng nm tin l trong ti. Phng thc thanh ton d dng, nhanh chng v thun tin ny c th c s dng tr cc khon mua sm nh nh mt cc c-ph, t bo, tr tin in thoi cng cng, v xem phim, ph gi xe, tin truy cp Internet cng cng, hoc tin v xe but,y l loi th c cha mch vi x l v c th c s dng thanh ton ngay ti im bn hng hoc trn mng Internet. C hai loi th Visa Cash chnh l loi dng mt ln v loi c th np thm tin. Loi th dng mt ln c np sn mt gi tr nh trc nh th in thoi. Khi s dng ht gi tr ca th th ngi ta vt n i v li mua th mi. Loi cn li khng mang mt gi tr nh trc. Khi s dng ht gi tr ca th, ta c th np thm tin vo th ti cc my chuyn dng v my ATM. D thuc loi th no th vic s dng th Visa Cash thanh ton cng rt nhanh v tin li. Ngi s dng n s lun c s tin l mnh cn m khng cn phi lc tung cc loi ti ln tm tin l hoc phi di c ch ngi bn i i tin. Th Visa Cash c s dng nh mt loi "tin in t". Mi th c gn mt mch vi x l c th mang c gi tr bng tin. Mi ln dng th ny thanh ton cho mt th g , s tin phi tr s c t ng tr t s d hin c ca th. iu thc s nhanh chng, tin li v d dng! Th Visa Cash c chp nhn thanh ton ti tt c cc i l thanh ton th, ca hng hoc my ATM c trng biu tng Visa Cash nh trn.
Th tn dng Visa ng s hu bi 21.000 t chc ti chnh thnh vin trn ton th gii, Visa l mt t chc t nhn v li nhun c thnh lp nhm phc v li ch ca cc thnh vin, ch th v cc i l thanh ton. Thng qua cc t chc ti chnh thnh vin, Visa cung cp mt gii php thanh ton c uy tn v c chp nhn rng ri nht trn th gii cho c ngi tiu dng ln cc doanh nghip. n nay, Visa pht hnh khong trn 1 t th cc loi c chp nhn thanh ton trn 150 quc gia. Trong nm 2002, 2,4 nghn t USD hng ho v dch v c thanh ton bng cc sn phm ca Visa. S ra i ca Visa bt ngun t nm 1958, khi ngn hng Bank of America ln u tin pht hnh th BankAmericard xanh, trng v vng cho cc khch hng California. Tuy nhin tng v loi th ny c t trc rt lu. Ngay t nhng nm u th k trc, ng A.P. Ginnini, ngi sng lp ra Bank of America tin tng rng cc khon tn dng c nhn linh hot s gip khch hng kim sot c cuc sng ca h. Th BankAmericard ra i nhm hng ti s thay i tch cc ca x hi. Th BankAmericard tr nn ph bin trn khp nc M vo nhng nm 60 v 70 ca th k trc. h tr cho n, mt t chc mi s hu v iu hnh bi nhiu t chc thnh vin ra i. Ci tn "Visa" ca t chc mi ny c xut hin ln u tin vo nm 1976. Chng bao lu sau th tn dng Visa pht trin trn ton cu. Trong sut nhng nm 80 v 90 ca th k qua, Visa tip tc t c nhng bc tin quan trng: cho ra i th tn dng cao cp u tin, thit lp h thng ATM ton cu u tin, pht trin thm th thng minh, th tr trc v tng bc chim lnh th phn trn ton th gii.
C c mt "gia nh" th Visa p ng mi loi nhu cu thanh ton: Th Visa Classic mang mi tin ch c bn ca mt th thanh ton nh thun tin, an ton v ng tin cy. Th Visa Gold mang n cho ch th hn mc thanh ton cao hn v nhiu dch v cng nh tin ch i km hn, bao gm c dch v pht hnh th thay th khn cp v dch v ng tin trc (cash advance) khn cp. Th Visa Platinum l loi th cao cp nht. Ch nhng th ny c hng nhng dch v cht lng cao nht nh c hn mc tn dng ln, bo him tai nn khi i du lch v nhiu loi dch v tr gip khc. Th Visa Electron/Visa Plus cho php ch th c th thanh ton cc khon mua sm trc tip t ti khon ngn hng ca mnh m khng cn phi mang theo tin mt, khng ch trong nc m cn thanh ton c ti hng triu i l/ca hng trn ton th gii. Th Visa Smart l mt loi th thanh ton a nng. Loi th ny c cha mt mch vi x l c th tr c lng thng tin gp 100 ln mt th t bnh thng. Mch vi x l ny gip cho th Visa Smart c thm nhng chc nng khng c bt c mt th ghi n hay th tn dng no ca Visa. Ri y, ch th c th gp tt c cc loi th gim gi, th u i ca ca hng, th ghi n, th tn dng, th y t, th bo him lm mt. Nh vy th Visa Smart mang n nhiu tin ch nht cho ch th. H khng cn phi gi hng nm th cc loi trong v m thay vo l mt th duy nht v ch c h mi s dng c. Thanh ton bng th Visa Smart cng an ton hn cc loi th khc, nht l khi thanh ton qua mng Internet v mt khu th c bo v v phi qua my c xc nhn li trc khi thc hin cc giao dch. Ngy cng nhiu th Visa Smart c pht hnh khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng. n cui nm 2002, c khong 11 triu th Visa Smart c pht hnh ti khu vc ny. m bo Visa Smart ph hp vi mi mong mun ca khch hng, t chc Visa tin hnh nhng
cuc kho st ly s liu thng k cc mong mun v s thch ca khch hng. Mc tiu ca Visa l s hon thin th Visa Smart n tr thnh mt "ngn hng b ti", ph hp nhu cu ca tng ch th. Cc t chc ti chnh thnh vin (ngn hng) pht hnh th Visa v qun l mi mt lin quan n ti khon th. Visa ch ng vai tr nh cung cp cc gii php thanh ton. Gia Visa v cc t chc ti chnh thnh vin hay gia Visa v cc i l chp nhn thanh ton th Visa c nhng qui nh phi tun theo. V d nh: mi ngn hng c php t ra cc tiu ch ring pht hnh th, c t quyt nh li sut cng nh cc iu khon iu kin i vi khch hng; cc i l/ca hng chp nhn thanh ton th Visa khng c t ra hn mc ti thiu cho nhng giao dch thanh ton bng th, thm ch i vi c sn phm bn h gi
b.
MasterCard
MasterCard International l mt trong nhng cng ty th ni ting vi nhiu nhn hiu th c chp nhn thanh ton rng ri nh MasterCard, Cirrus v Maetro v khong 25.000 t chc thnh vin thanh ton th trn ton th gii. i tng khch hng ca MasterCard bao gm c c nhn ln cc doanh nghip ln nh trn 210 quc gia v vng lnh th. MasterCard l ngi i u trong ci tin v cht lng, cung cp nhiu s la chn v gii php thanh ton c trn th trng thc ln o (internet). Vi hn 30 triu im chp nhn thanh ton th trong bao gm hn 820.000 my ATM trn ton th gii, khng c mt th thanh ton no c chp nhn rng ri nh MasterCard. Tnh n 31 thng 12 nm 2002, tng doanh thu mua bn bng th vt qu 1,14 nghn t USD. Th thuc h thng MasterCard bao gm 3 loi chnh:
- Th Maetro - Th Cirrus - Th MasterCard Th Maetro thuc loi th ghi n. C th dng th Maetro mua sm, rt tin mt ti hn 5 triu my in t trn ton th gii hoc sp ti y c th thanh ton c trn mng Internet na. Th Cirrus cng thuc loi th ghi n nhng ch c dng rt tin mt ti cc my ATM. Tt c cc my ATM thuc h thng Cirrus u c c im l cc hng dn trn my rt d hiu v bng c ting Anh ln ting bn a. Th MasterCard l mt trong nhng loi th tn dng ph bin nht trn ton th gii. Cc ch th MasterCard c hng kh nhiu tin ch nh: - Dch v Bo him mua sm (Purchase Assurance): Khi mt th hng ho no c khch hng mua bng th MasterCard m b h hi hoc mt trong vng 90 ngy k t ngy mua th khch s c hon tin hoc i. - Ko di thi hn bo hnh (Extended Warranty): hng ho mua bng th MasterCard c th c thi hn bo hnh di hn m khng phi mt thm ph. - MasterRental: y l mt s la chn thng minh tit kim tin khi khch cn thu xe t trong vng 15 ngy lin tc hoc t hn. Thc t, y l dch v bo him gip ch th trnh c cc khon pht ca ngi cho thu xe trong trng hp khch lm mt hoc hng xe. Nu khch hng thanh ton ton b tin thu xe th h c th c bo him ti 50.000 USD cho mt v. - Master RoadAssist: l dch v h tr khch hng khi chng may b hng xe gia ng. Ch cn gi in n s my h tr v thng bo
a im hng xe, trong thi gian ngn nht khch s c i sa cha n tr gip vi chi ph hp l c tr thng vo ti khon th. - Dch v h tr du lch (Travel Assistance Services): dch v ny s cung cp cho khch hng nhiu thng tin, hng dn b ch v cc dch v quan trng khch c th cn khi i du lch nh th tc cp visa, passport, i ngoi t, tim chng... - Dch v tr gip ton cu (MasterCard Global Service): dch v ny to cho ch th s yn tm khi i du lch hoc cng tc xa nh. y l dch v hot ng 24/24 gi trong ngy, 365 ngy trong nm cung cp cc tr gip lin quan n th d khch hng ang bt c u. Khch hng s khng phi tr ph in thoi cho dch v ny trn 75 quc gia trn ton th gii. Khi cn, ch th ch cn gi n s in thoi Dch v khn cp (thng c mt sau th), tng i s ni my cho khch ti nhn vin c th ni c th ting ca khch tr gip trong cc tnh hung sau: o Mt th o Pht hnh th khn cp o ng tin mt khn cp o Cung cp a ch cc my ATM c chp nhn thanh ton th ny ti a im khch ang lu tr o Kim tra cc thng tin c lin quan ti ti khon th o S dng cc tin ch khc ca th Tuy nhin, phn ln cc tin ch nu trn ch c th MasterCard Gold hoc Platinium v khch hng ch c hng khi p ng cc iu khon, iu kin nht nh. Ngoi ra, th cn c th c dng thanh ton t ng cc ho n nh k nh tin in, in thoi, thu nh, ph bo him, thu American Express (hay cn gi l th AMEX)
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c.
C khong 30 loi th AMEX khc nhau p ng nhu cu ca nhiu i tng hoc mc ch s dng. Cc tin ch chnh: Kim sot tnh hnh hot ng ca ti khon th Kim tra bo co ti khon, xem cc giao dch, thanh ton tin mua hng thc hin trong thng bt c lc no trong ngy. Xem thng tin cp nht v cc giao dch gn nht bao gm c cc loi ph, cc khon phi thanh ton v tn dng. Hng im thng cho cc ln thanh ton vi s tin ln bng th cho cc dch v nh gii tr, du lch, mua sm Ti cc d liu v hot ng th vo cc phn mm chuyn dng d dng qun l tnh hnh ti chnh nh Microsoft Money hay Quicken Phng thc thanh ton cho ho n mua hng trong thng linh hot: c th tr mt ln y hoc tr chm Rt thun tin v khch hng c th mua hng nhiu ln trong thng nhng ch phi thanh ton cho mt ho n tng hp mi thng. i mua sm vi th American Express c bo m chng gian ln c chp nhn rng ri li nhiu im thanh ton Thi hn bo hnh ca nh sn xut i vi rt nhiu sn phm s c ko di hn, c th ti mt nm i du lch vi th American Express
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C th i du lch trc ri thanh ton sau. C th thanh ton y mt ln hoc tr chm Mi ln i bng my bay s c bo him ti 1 triu USD Bo v khch hng khi nhng s c xy ra trong chuyn i nh hnh l b mt, tht lc hoc h hng,.. C th rt tin mt vo bt c lc no thun tin ti hn 500 ngn my ATM trn ton th gii Hng dch v tr gip 24 gi trong ngy khi i du lch xa
d.
JCB
T khi thnh lp vo nm 1961, JCB lun gi v tr hng u trong ngnh cng ngh th ca Nht Bn bi vic cung cp dch v cht lng cao. Nm 1981, JCB bt u chng trnh m rng hot ng ra quc t nhm cung cp dch v vi cht lng v s thun tin tng t ti tt c cc ch th JCB nc ngoi. n u nhng nm 90, ngy cng nhiu cc t chc ti chnh c uy tn hp tc vi JCB. Sau , JCB nhanh chng tr thnh nhn hiu th quc t ln, c uy tn. Hin nay, c khong 42 triu khch hng s dng th JCB, khong 9,78 triu i l chp nhn thanh ton loi th ny v khong 3.000 t chc tn dng quc t c quan h hp tc vi JCB. JCB theo ui mt phng chm hot ng duy nht l "dch v xut pht t tri tim"(Service from the Heart) trong mi mi quan h vi khch hng, i l thanh ton th v cc i tc khc. Bng chng cho iu ny l JCB xy dng mt h thng tr gip khch hng duy nht l JCB Plaza. Khi ch th JCB i ra nc ngoi, h s c cc nhn vin ca JCB Plaza cho n nng nhit v gip bng mi cch. Cc nhn vin y c o to c bit v phc v khch hng, ng tin cy v hiu bit
rng nh mt ngi th k ring, tn ty nh mt ngi qun l trong mt khch sn sang trng. Cc JCB Plaza thng c t ti cc ng ph chnh ca 31 thnh ph trn ton th gii. Ti y, khch hng s c tr gip vi nhiu dch v a dng nh pht hnh gp th thay th, t vn v y t v rt nhiu dch v cht lng cao khc. Cc i tc v i l thanh ton cng tm thy nhiu li ch trong s hp tc vi JCB. Khng ch doanh thu bn hng ca h tng m h cn c nhiu c hi qung b thng hiu ca mnh trn th trng quc t. Sn phm ca h s tr nn hp dn khch hng hn nu nh h kt hp cc tin ch ca th JCB vi cc loi sn phm v dch v th ca chnh mnh.
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2. H thng thanh ton in t ti cc im bn hng (EFTPOS) EFTPOS hay cn gi l dch v chuyn tin in t ti im bn hng. S tin phi tr cho hng ho s c chuyn bng cng ngh in t ti im bn hng t ngn hng ca ngi mua sang ngn hng ca ngi bn. im bn hng c th l ti siu th hay trm bn xng, ni m khch hng s dng th thanh ton cho hng ho. Ngi bn hng ko trt th qua my c th. y thc cht l mt thit b c c th c c cc thng tin c m ho trn di t nm mt sau th. Thit b c th ny cho php cc thng tin ca ch th c chuyn qua ng in thoi ti mt Tng i Trung tm. Cc thng tin trn th c m ho m bo an ton. Tng i Trung tm la chn ng ngn hng v gi cc thng tin trn th n b x l ti ngn hng ca ch th kim tra cc thng tin sau: S th Th c bo mt bao gi cha ? Ngy ht hn ca th Tng s tin phi thanh ton C tin trn ti khon ca khch hng khng ? M s nhn din ngi bn S thit b thanh ton ca ngi bn Nu kt qu kim tra cc thng tin cho thy th c gi tr thanh ton, b x l ca ngn hng ngi mua s gi s cp php c m ho ti Tng i Trung tm v t y s gi thng bo ti ca hng. My c th ti ca hng s in ra mt giy bin nhn trn c s cp php. Khch hng k tn ln trn giy bin nhn v sau c th mang hng i. ng thi Tng i Trung tm s chuyn tng s tin hng ti ngn hng ca ngi bn. Nu khng ly c
s cp php th ngi mua s phi thanh ton hng ho bng mt phng thc khc. Sau ba ngy, ngn hng ca ngi mua s tr tng s tin hng vo ti khon ca ngi mua. Trong khi , cng sau ba ngy, ngn hng ca ngi bn ghi c vo ti khon ca ngi bn tng s tin bn hng. 3. My rt tin t ng (Automatic Teller Machines - ATM) ng nh tn gi, cc my rt tin t ng (ATM) cho php khch hng t mnh rt tin m khng cn s tr gip no ca nhn vin ngn hng. Khch hng dng cc loi th nha nh ni phn trn a vo my ATM, cc my ny s nhn dng khch hng thng qua m s nhn dng c nhn (PIN) m khch hng nhp trn bn phm ca my. Ngoi chc nng ch yu l cho php khch hng rt tin mt, cc my ATM cn cung cp mt lot cc tin ch khc nh cho php khch hng vn tin ti khon, chuyn tin gia cc ti khon, yu cu bo co ti khon chi tit hoc in cc bo co ti khon mini 4. Dch v ngn hng qua in thoi (Telephone banking) Trong phng thc giao dch ngn hng truyn thng, khch hng khi cn thng tin v ti khon ca mnh cng nh cc thng tin khc v dch v ngn hng u phi trc tip ti ngn hng vo gi giao dch. iu ny thc s tn rt nhiu thi gian ca khch hng, nht l nhng khch hng xa hoc khng c iu kin n giao dch trc tip. Thm ch ch v thiu thng tin cp nht v t gi hi oi hay li sut vay, nhiu doanh nghip b tut mt nhng c hi kinh doanh tt hay dn n cc quyt nh kinh doanh sai lm.
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S ra i ca dch v telephone banking thc s gii thot cho cc khch hng ni chung v cc doanh nghip ni ring khi cc vng mc trn.
4.1 Telephone banking l g ? Telephone banking l mt tin ch ngn hng m khi s dng n khch hng ch cn dng h thng in thoi thng thng. Vi dch v ny, khch hng c th mi lc mi ni, dng in thoi c nh hay di ng u c th nghe c cc thng tin v sn phm dch v ngn hng, thng tin ti khon ca mnh v thm ch c th thc hin c mt s loi giao dch. y l h thng tr li t ng, hot ng 24/24 gi trong ngy, 7 ngy trong mt tun, 365 ngy trong mt nm nn khch hng hon ton ch ng s dng khi cn thit. 4.2 Nhng tin ch ca telephone banking Khi s dng telephone banking, khch hng c th: Kim tra cc thng tin v ti khon ca mnh nh s d ti khon, cc giao dch trn ti khon trong mt khong thi gian nht nh (c quy nh ty theo tng ngn hng - c ngn hng cho php khch hng kim tra c cc giao dch trong vng ba thng gn nht) Chuyn tin gia cc ti khon khc nhau ca cng khch hng trong cng ngn hng (mt s ngn hng cn cho php khch hng chuyn tin t ti khon ca mnh sang ti khon ca cc thnh vin khc trong gia nh nu nh h cng c ti khon trong ngn hng ) Thanh ton cc ho n nh k nh tin in, tin in thoi, ph truy cp internet, thanh ton ho n th tn dng, Yu cu, sa i hoc hy Lnh Thanh ton nh k (Standing Orders) v Lnh Thanh ton trc tip (Direct Debits). Vi tin ch ny ca
telephone banking, khch hng s khng phi nh cc khon thanh ton nh k vi s tin c nh nh ph bo him, ph hi vin, tin mua tr gp, m vn m bo thanh ton ng hn. Yu cu pht hnh li th hoc PIN (m s nhn dng c nhn) Yu cu mt khon vay c nhn (personal loan) - ti mt hn mc xc nh ca ngn hng Yu cu rt thu chi (overdraft) - ti mt hn mc xc nh ca ngn hng Tho thun cc yu cu mi hoc b sung v th chp t mua ngoi t hoc sc du lch (travellers cheques) Yu cu chuyn tin ra nc ngoi - ti mt hn mc xc nh ca ngn hng t mua hi phiu (bank drafts) - ti mt hn mc xc nh ca ngn hng Thng tin v s d lu k chng khon Thng tin kt qu khp lnh ca cc phin giao dch gn nht Thng tin v cc lnh t mua, t bn chng khon gn nht Thay i a ch lin lc Yu cu bo co ti khon, s sc Yu cu ngn hng fax bn t gi, gi chng khon, bn li sut tin giKhi dng dch v ny, khch hng cn lin h trc vi ngn hng ng k s fax ca mnh. Ngoi ra, cc khch hng cha c ti khon hoc cha s dng dch v ca ngn hng cng c th s dng telephone banking nghe gii thiu v cc dch v ngn hng, thng tin v t gi hi oi, li sut tit kim, li sut vay, gi chng khon,
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4.3 Chi ph s dng Telephone banking l mt trong nhng dch v ngn hng em li nhiu tin ch cho ngi s dng vi chi ph thp nht. s dng dch v ny, khch hng khng cn mua thm mt thit b c bit no m ch cn dng h thng in thoi thng thng. Hu ht cc ngn hng cung cp dch v ny min ph, khch hng ch phi tr cc ph in thoi cho bu in. Tuy nhin nu khch hng s dng dch v fax ca telephone banking s phi tnh theo biu ph c th ca ngn hng. Vi h thng telephone banking, khch hng s tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian, khng cn n ngn hng vn gim st c cc giao dch pht sinh trn ti khon ca mnh mi lc k c ngoi gi hnh chnh, mi ni trong phm vi c nc v quc t. D khch hng ang nh, c quan hay ang i cng tc nc ngoi cng c th kim sot c cc giao dch trn ti khon ca mnh, cp nht thng tin v sn phm, dch v ca ngn hng vo bt c thi im no thch hp nht vi h. 4.4 Cch thc s dng v tnh an ton: Cch thc s dng dch v ny hon ton n gin. Sau khi ng k s dng dch v vi ngn hng, khch hng s c cp m s truy cp v mt khu. M s truy cp l c nh v thng c th s dng cho c internet banking. di ca mt khu do tng ngn hng quy nh, thng n l mt s c di ti thiu 5 k t v ti a 20 k t. Khch hng c th thay i mt khu bt c lc no m bo an ton, b mt cho cc thng tin ti khon. Khi cn dng telephone banking khch hng ch cn gi ti ngn hng theo mt s in thoi c ngn hng nh trc cho tng khu vc. Sau khi
kt ni vo h thng, khch hng c th nghe my hng dn cch thc bm m dch v hoc bm trc tip m dch v yu cu h thng tr li cc thng tin cn thit. M dch v l cc phm trn bn phm in thoi tng ng vi mt dch v do ngn hng quy nh. V d nh: bm phm 101 - m dch v nghe s d; bm phm 123 - m dch v lit k cc giao dch n gn nht, Khch hng cn ch , khi nhp m s truy cp v mt khu khch hng phi bm lin tip, khng b ngt qung (gia hai s lin nhau khng c dng qu 2 giy). Khi nhp xong m s truy cp hoc mt khu khch hng cn bo cho h thng bit bng cch bm mt phm kt thc c quy nh trc, nh phm # chng hn. Ngoi ra tit kim thi gian cho khch hng, ngn hng cn c th quy nh thm mt s phm chc nng c tc dng ngng gii p giao dch hin th v chuyn sang giao dch khc, nghe li mt giao dch hoc dng ngay cu thoi ang c khi khch hng khng mun nghe tip. D n gin, nhng tnh bo mt cho cc thng tin ti khon vn c m bo v mi khch hng s c ngn hng cp m s truy cp, mt khu ring. Khch hng c th t ng i mt khu bt c lc no mun hoc khi cho rng c ngi bit mt khu ca mnh. Ngoi ra ngn hng cn c h thng ngn chn cc truy cp khng hp php. Bt c khi no gp kh khn trong s dng telephone banking, khch hng cng c th gi in n s in thoi h tr khch hng ca ngn hng c gii p, gip . 5. Dch v ngn hng ti nh (Home banking/PC banking)
5.1 Gii thiu chung v dch v ngn hng ti nh Dch v ngn hng ti nh l mt loi dch v ngn hng in t cho php khch hng c th ch ng kim sot hot ng giao dch ngn hng t vn phng ca h. H thng ny gip khch hng tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian v tin bc v h khng cn phi n giao dch trc tip ti ngn hng, khch hng s c nhiu thi gian hn tp trung vo cc hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh. Khch hng cng khng cn phi lo lng v nn kt xe cng nh cc loi giy t s sch phc tp. Vi s tr gip ca dch v ny, vic giao dch ngn hng i vi khch hng gi y ch cn l vic bm vi phm my tnh, vo thi im thun tin nht vi mnh. Thng thng, dch v ngn hng ti nh c th cho php thc hin 3 chc nng chnh sau: Chuyn tin: Chc nng ny cho php khch hng c th lp lnh chuyn tin thanh ton cho bn th ba c ti khon ti bt c mt ngn hng no trn th gii hoc lm lnh chuyn tin gia cc ti khon ca chnh mnh. Xem s d v cc giao dch trn ti khon: Chc nng ny cung cp cho khch hng cc thng tin cp nht v s d ti khon cng nh cc giao dch trn ti khon ca mnh. Vi chc nng ny khch hng cn c th t in bo co ti khon bt c lc no v thm ch cn c th chuyn thng tin, d liu sang cc phn mm ng dng khc nh Excel, Word, Th tn dng: chc nng ny cho php khch hng c th in vo mu th tn dng v chuyn ti ngn hng. 5.2 Dch v ngn hng ti nh hot ng nh th no ?
s dng dch v ny, khch hng cn c my tnh vi cu hnh ph hp, modem, ng in thoi truy cp v mt chng trnh phn mm c bit do ngn hng cung cp. Khi s dng dch v, khch hng s quay s trc tip kt ni vi ngn hng qua ng in thoi thng thng. Sau khi nhp m s s dng (username) v mt khu (password), khch hng s c quyn thc hin cc giao dch ngn hng t my tnh c nhn t ti vn phng mnh. Thng thng cc phn mm ca Dch v ngn hng ti nh c th hot ng c trong mi trng Window nn s dng n kh n gin v thun tin. Khch hng ch cn nhp cc d liu ln mu Lnh chuyn tin hay Th tn dng trn my tnh c ci t sn phn mm Dch v ngn hng ti nh ti vn phng ca h. Sau , cc lnh yu cu ny s c chuyn mt cch an ton ti ngn hng thng qua ng dy in thoa c ni vi modem ti vn phng khch hng. Ngn hng s thc hin cc lnh yu cu ca khch hng ngay khi nhn c thng qua h thng thanh ton ni mng ton cu nh SWIFT (The Social for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications) hay Telex. Phn mm ca Dch v ngn hng ti nh c th c ci t trn mng ni b (Local Area Network hay cn gi l LAN) hoc trn mt my tnh c lp. Chng ta cng tm hiu c th hn v cc chc nng chnh ca Dch v ngn hng ti nh thy c r hn nhng tin ch m n mang li cho khch hng. Chc nng chuyn tin:
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Chc nng chuyn tin cho php khch hng c th lm lnh chuyn tin thanh ton cho bn th ba, chuyn tin gia cc ti khon ni b hoc yu cu pht hnh hi phiu t vn phng ca mnh. Khi s dng chc nng ny ca phn mm Dch v ngn hng ti nh chc chn khch hng s thy vic lm lnh yu cu chuyn tin qu l mt cng vic d dng. Phn mm ny t ng ho rt nhiu cng on m khch hng s phi lm lp li nhiu ln trong phng thc chuyn tin truyn thng. Chi tit ca cc khon thanh ton xy ra thng xuyn c th c lu li trong h thng ti s dng vi nhiu cp khc nhau nh: - Lu tr nh mt mu sn (Save as Models): p dng khi mun lu li nhng lnh thanh ton thng xuyn vi s tin khng c nh nh tin in, in thoi - Lu tr nh mt mu c nh (Save as Pre-Defined Transactions): p dng khi mun lu li nhng lnh thanh ton thng xuyn vi s tin khng thay i nh tin ph bo him, ph hi vin cu lc b, - Lu tr nh mt mu nh k (Save as Scheduled Transactions): p dng khi cn thanh ton vi s tin c nh v trong mt chu k c nh nh tin lng cho nhn vin, tin thu vn phng, Thm ch i vi nhng thanh ton khng thng xuyn khc, khch hng cng s tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian khi in mu lnh c sn v phn ln thng tin nh s ti khon, ngn hng th hng, ngi th hng c nhp sn thnh mt danh sch, h ch cn nhp chut la chn ci mnh ang cn m thi. Chc nng chuyn tin trong Dch v ngn hng ti nh c cc c im sau:
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- Khch hng c th linh hot lp v sa i cc lnh chuyn tin trn my tnh ca mnh. - Rt nhiu d liu nh ngi th hng, s ti khon th hng, ngn hng th hng, ni dung thanh ton c th c lu li d dng nhp vo lnh chuyn tin. - C th linh hot nh ra quyn hn s dng cc chc nng ca Dch v ngn hng ti nh v hn mc duyt cc lnh chuyn tin cho tng nhn vin. V d: c ngi ch c xem thng tin m khng c nhp lnh hoc ch s dng nhng lnh c sn nh Pre-Defined hay Scheduled transactions; c ngi ch c duyt cc lnh chuyn tin vi s tin di 5.000 USD chng hn - C th gi v nhn cc thng bo n v t ngn hng. - Cc thng tin c truyn n v t ngn hng mt cc an ton v b mt v c h thng bo v c bit. Chc nng xem s d v cc giao dch trn ti khon: Chc nng ny cho php khch hng c nhanh chng cp nht cc thng tin v cc ti khon ca mnh ti ngn hng, khng cn phi i bn sao k ti khon hoc cc giy bo c, bo nKhng ch xem cc thng tin, khch hng cn c th in ra hoc chuyn cc thng tin sang cc phn mm ng dng khc nh Excel, Word lp cc bo co cho cc mc ch ring ca mnh. Ngoi ra chc nng ny cn cung cp cho khch hng cc thng tin b ch khc nh t gi chuyn i ngoi t Chc nng lp Th Tn dng (Letters of Credit) Chc nng ny cho php khch hng lp th tn dng mt cch d dng v hiu qu. N t ng ho nhiu cng on lp li khi phi lp mt th tn
dng. Tng t nh lnh chuyn tin, cc th tn dng ny c th c lu li s dng v sau, ch phi sa mt s chi tit m thi. Chc nng ny ca dch v ngn hng ti nh cung cp cho khch hng cc kh nng sau: - Lp Th tn dng mt cch n gin - Lu tr cc mu th thng dng. - Lu tr h thng d liu lp th tn dng nh: danh sch cc ngn hng, danh sch ngi th hng, cc loi tin t, danh sch cc nc trn th gii, - Khi cn cc thng tin ny ch cn la chn t danh sch c sn nn tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian v chnh xc cao. - Cc d liu c lu tr v chuyn n v t ngn hng mt cch an ton, b mt tuyt i. 6. Dch v ngn hng qua mng my tnh ton cu (Internet Banking) 6.1 Gii thiu chung v internet banking Internet banking l mt loi hnh dch v ngn hng hin i v cn kh mi m. N cho php khch hng c th giao dch ngn hng thng qua mng Internet vo bt c lc no, bt c u m khch hng cho l ph hp nht. Do , khch hng c th lm giao dch 24 gi trong ngy, 7 ngy trong tun ti nh ring hoc vn phng, khi ang trong nc hay i nc ngoi. S ra i ca internet banking thc s l mt cuc cch mng, n thc y cc giao dch xy ra nhanh hn, tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian v tin ca cho c khch hng ln ngn hng v cho x hi ni chung.
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Tng t nh dch v ngn hng ti nh, s dng dch v ny khch hng cng cn c my tnh, modem, ng in thoi truy cp. Tuy nhin, khi s dng dch v ny, khch hng khng cn ci t thm mt phn mm c bit no m ch cn truy cp trc tip vo trang web ca ngn hng. Vi internet banking khch hng c th:

Kim tra s d Xem thng tin v ti khon nh s d hin ti (current balances) v s d c th s dng (available balances); li sut Xem thng tin v cc giao dch thc hin trn ti khon Tm kim thng tin v mt giao dch c th no , v d: s sc, s tin v ngy sc c thanh ton Chuyn tin gia cc ti khon trong cng h thng ngn hng Lm lnh thanh ton Thanh ton ho n Xem chi tit v sa i cc lnh thanh ton nh k (standing orders) v lnh ghi n trc tip (Direct Debit) Xem s d v cc giao dch trn th tn dng Yu cu ngng thanh ton sc Chuyn cc thng tin d liu t internet banking xung phn mm k ton ring ca mnh nh Quicken hay Microsoft Money Thng bo thay i a ch lin lc Thng bo nh k bng e-mail khi s d ti khon t n mc ti a hay ti thiu m khch hng t ra t trc. 6.2 Cch thc s dng internet banking
c th s dng internet banking, trc ht khch hng cn phi m mt ti khon giao dch (ti khon vng lai hoc tin gi khng k hn) ti ngn
hng. Nu l ti khon chung t hai ngi tr ln th phng thc iu hnh ti khon phi l mi ng ch ti khon c th c lp thc hin giao dch th mi c th s dng c internet banking. Sau , khch hng s ng k s dng dch v internet banking vi ngn hng. Trong n ng k s dng internet banking, khch hng cn cung cp cc thng tin c nhn nh h v tn, gii tnh, ngy thng nm sinh, a ch v s in thoi lin h, cc s ti khon m khch hng mun s dng internet banking v quan trng nht l mt khu an ton (security password). Mt khu an ton ny (c th bao gm ch v/hoc s) do khch hng t t ra v c lu li trong h thng my tnh ca ngn hng. Bc tip theo, ngn hng s lin lc li vi khch hng (bng th hoc email) bo cho h bit m s ng k khch hng (cn gi l s CRN hay Customer Registration Number) v s in thoi ca Trung tm h tr khch hng v internet banking. Sau , khch hng s gi in ti ngn hng theo s in thoi ny ly mt khu tm thi s dng internet banking. Trc khi cung cp mt khu tm thi, nhn vin ngn hng phi xc nhn c ngi ang lin h chnh l ch ti khon bng cch hi mt khu an ton v mt s thng tin c nhn khc m khch hng cung cp khi ng k. Lc ny khch hng c th bt u s dng dch v internet banking. Khi cn s dng internet banking, khch hng s kt ni vo a ch trang web ca ngn hng v la chn dch v internet banking. Sau h thng s yu cu khch hng nhp s CRN v mt khu tm thi. Nu y l ln u tin khch hng s dng dch v ny, h s phi chp nhn cc iu khon v iu kin s dng bng cch nhp chut vo nt "ng " trn mn hnh. Cc
iu khon v iu kin ny qui nh cc quyn li v ngha v c lin quan n vic s dng internet banking. Khch hng nn c v hiu r cc iu khon v iu kin s dng ny s dng internet banking tt hn. Nu khng ng , dch v internet banking s khng c cung cp. Sau , h thng s yu cu khch hng phi i mt khu tm thi do ngn hng cung cp sang mt khu ring ca mnh. S k t ca mt khu khc nhau tu qui nh ca tng ngn hng nhng thng thng l 8 k t. tng thm tnh an ton, mt khu ny thng thuc loi c phn bit dng ch (case-sensitive). iu ny c ngha l nu trong mt khu c ch hoa v ch thng, v d nh "10To56Kt", th khi nhp mt khu vo my khch hng phi nh ng nh vy. Khi chn mt khu, khch hng cn trnh ly nhng mt khu m ngi khc d on ra nh tn mnh hoc tn v (chng), con ci hoc ngy sinh ca h, s in thoi, Nn chn mt khu kt hp nhiu loi k t nh ch hoa, ch thng, s v nn thay i thng xuyn m bo an ton. Cng nh s PIN ca th rt tin, mt khu ny cng phi gi tuyt i b mt v nu khng ngi xu khi bit mt khu c th rt tin khi ti khon ca khch hng. Cng m bo cho tnh an ton khi s dng internet banking, h thng ny s khng cho php truy cp thng tin nu mt khu b nhp sai ba ln. s dng tr li, khch hng cn lin lc vi Trung tm tr gip khch hng. Trong trng hp khch hng qun mt kh, h s cn phi lin h vi Trung tm h tr khch hng yu cu c cp li mt khu khc. V khi nhp mt khu mi ny vo my, h thng s yu cu khch i li mt khu khc ca ring mnh. Ngoi cc bin php m bo an ton bng mt khu ni trn, cc ngn hng cn s dng mt lot cc bin php b tr khc nh h thng tng la (fire walls) v m ho d liu (data encryption).
Sau khi kt ni thnh cng vo dch v internet banking ca ngn hng, khch hng c th tu la chn cc dch v theo yu cu nh: Xem s d ti khon:
Dch v ny cho php khch hng xem chi tit s d cc ti khon c kt ni vo internet banking. Khch hng ch cn n gin nhp p chut vo s ti khon cn xem. Khch hng khng ch bit s d hin thi trn ti khon m cn c s d c php s dng na. S d c php s dng l s tin thc c trong ti khon v khng bao gm bt k khon tin gi no cha c b tr hoc gi tr no cha c hch ton so vi s d. V d: s d ti khon ang l 5 triu ng, nu khch hng i mua sm bng th ht 300.000 ng th s tin ny s c gi li nhng cha tr ngay vo ti khon. Nh vy, s d hin thi ca ti khon l 5 triu ng v s d c php s dng l 4.700.000 ng. Xem cc giao dch xy ra trn ti khon:
S lng cc giao dch c th xem c tu thuc vo h thng ca tng ngn hng, c th t 10 giao dch gn nht n cc giao dch trong vng vi thng tr li. Cc thng tin ny c cp nht ti tng pht nn cc khch hng, c bit l khch hng cng ty c th theo di tnh hnh ti chnh ca mnh mt cch hiu qu. Khng nhng th, khch hng cn c th chuyn cc thng tin ny xung phn mm k ton ca mnh t thit k ra bo co ring. Chuyn tin gi cc ti khon trong cng h thng
Vi dch v ny khch hng c th chuyn tin gia cc ti khon trong cng h thng ca ngn hng. Cc ti khon trong cng h thng ny c th l ti
khon ca cng mt khch hng hoc ca khch hng ny tr cho mt ngi khc cng c ti khon ti ngn hng . Giao dch ny thng c gi tr ngay lp tc v khng c gii hn v s tin chuyn, min l c tin trong ti khon. Khch hng c th lp lnh chuyn tin loi ny bt c lc no ph hp, k c na m hay ngy ngh hoc ngy l v lnh thanh ton s c gi tr ngay trong ngy. Tuy nhin, do nhng hn ch c qui nh trong lut ca tng quc gia m mt s ngn hng ch cho php chuyn tin gia cc ti khon c cng mt loi tin t nh cng l tin VND hoc cng l USD. Lp lnh chuyn tin:
Khch hng c th lp lnh chuyn tin n mt hn mc theo qui nh ca ngn hng. Nu vo ngy thanh ton, khch hng bn hoc i cng tc xa, h c th lp lnh chuyn tin sm, c ngn hng cho php lp lnh sm n mt nm. Nu lnh chuyn tin vt qu hn mc thanh ton qui nh hoc khng c tin trong ti khon vo ngy thanh ton th lnh s khng c thc hin. Thng thng, khch hng s c bo khi lnh chuyn tin b t chi bng mt thng bo hin trn mn hnh my tnh hoc bng th. Trong trng hp khch hng lm nhiu lnh chuyn tin mt lc i t cng mt ti khon, ngn hng s c quyn xc nh th t u tin thc hin cc lnh ny. Thng th khong 3 ngy lm vic sau th ngi th hng s nhn c tin. Cc lnh thanh ton nh k (standing orders) v lnh ghi n trc tip (Direct Debits) Khi cn phi thanh ton cc khon tin c nh theo mt chu k nht nh nh tin ph bo him nhn th hay tin thu nh chng hn, nu n ngy thanh ton khch hng qun hoc i cng tc vng nn khng th thc hin c th khch hng c th phi tr tin pht do tr chm hoc thm ch b hu hp ng. M trong cuc sng hng ngy, c kh nhiu th phi thanh ton nh vy th lm sao c th nh ht. Standing order s mang li s thanh thn cho
khch hng. Lnh standing order cho php khch hng ch cn lp mt ln, sau lnh s c t ng thc hin theo mt chu k nht nh do khch hng la chn. Chu k thanh ton rt a dng, c th l hng tun, hng thng, hng qu, hng nm hay vo mt ngy nht nh no trong thng Khng ch c nhng khon thanh ton nh k vi s tin c nh m trong cuc sng hng ngy ta cn phi thanh ton rt nhiu loi ho n vi s tin "khng bit trc" nh tin in, in thoi, cc internet,S mt rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc nu c phi lm tng lnh thanh ton, k c khi thc hin bng internet. thot khi nhng phin toi ny, khch hng ch cn s dng dch v lnh ghi n trc tip (Direct Debit). Direct Debit l mt lnh chuyn tin in t t ti khon giao dch ca ngi tr tin m lnh thanh ton do ngi th hng a ra. Khi mun s dng Direct Debit vi mt cng ty no , khch hng s phi k mt bn tho thun. Theo bn tho thun ny, khch hng s ng cho cng ty thu tin thanh ton cho cc ho n dch v trc tip t ti khon ca khch hng vo mt ngy nht nh trong k. Khch hng s gi li mt bn tho thun tham kho khi cn. Lu rng, mt khi bn tho thun c k, cng ty c quyn truy nhp vo ti khon ca khch hng m khng phi c s cho php g thm t pha khch hng tr khi khch hng yu cu hu bn tho thun. Mt s cng ty c th s yu cu khch hng phi thng bo trc mt s ngy bng vn bn khi mun hu bn tho thun s dng thanh ton bng Direct Debit. Hng thng khch hng s kim tra tt c cc khon thanh ton c lit k trn bn bo co ti khon xem c chnh xc khng. Nu pht hin ra bt c sai st g trn bo co ti khon, cn bo ngay cho ngn hng bit. Ngn hng s c trch nhim xem xt li giao dch , nu ng l c sai st phi sa ngay trong ngy hoc nu khng phi tr li bng vn bn cho khch hng.
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Vi internet banking, khch hng c th xem, sa i cc chi tit trn lnh standing order hoc hu standing order. Khch hng cng c th xem cc lnh standing order hoc cc lnh Direct Debit b hu hoc ht hn. Lnh ngng thanh ton sc
Vi dch v ny khch hng c th yu cu ngn hng ngng thanh ton cho mt hoc nhiu sc, tt nhin vi iu kin l cc sc ny cha c thanh ton. Khch hng c th phi tr ph cho dch v ny. Thay i a ch v thng tin c nhn
Khch hng c th thng bo cho ngn hng bt c thay i no v a ch lin lc v thng tin c nhn ca mnh nh s in thoi, s fax, a ch email... Tuy nhin, mt s thng tin khng th thay i bng internet banking nh h ca khch hng chng hn. Nu c thay i h (v d nc ngoi, sau khi ph n ly chng th i sang h ca chng), khch hng cn cung cp cho ngn hng mt s giy t chng minh nh giy ng k kt hn chng hn.
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7. Dch v ngn hng qua v tuyn truyn hnh tng tc (Interactive TV) V tuyn truyn hnh tng tc (Interactive TV hay cn gi l iTV) l mt dch v ht sc mi m v cn ang trong bc th nghim ti cc nc pht trin. y l mt loi dch v c tnh hai chiu c cung cp thng qua h thng truyn hnh k thut s. Thng tin khng ch i mt chiu t i truyn hnh ti cc khn gi m cn c theo chiu ngc li. Vi dch v ny, khn gi khng cn th ng ngi xem cc chng trnh do i truyn hnh pht m h hon ton ch ng trong vic xem g, khi no. V d, khn gi c th ly thm cc thng tin chi tit hn v mt b phim ti liu no ang pht hoc thng qua b iu khin t xa c th gi kin phn hi v i truyn hnh. Mt trong nhng tin ch m dch v v tuyn truyn hnh tng tc c th cung cp cho khn gi l T-commerce (tm dch l Thng mi truyn hnh). Thng qua dch v ny m cc nh cung cp sn phm, dch v ni chung v ngn hng ni ring c th tip cn mt s lng ln khch hng. s dng dch v ngn hng qua h thng v tuyn truyn hnh tng tc, khch hng c th s dng b iu khin t xa hoc mt thit b c bit c thit k ring nhp m s nhn dng hoc mt khu. y l mt loi hnh dch v ang c cc cng ty cung cp dch v, sn phm c bit quan tm v hu nh gia nh no cng c v tuyn nn h c th gii thiu v bn sn phm, dch v ca mnh vi mc ti a v hiu qu nht. Hn na mt im c bit ca h thng truyn hnh tng tc l n c mt b x l thng tin c bit c kh nng phn tch cc dng thng tin phn hi t pha khn gi nh cc loi thng tin, chng trnh m khch hng hay quan tm. T cc nh cung cp dch v c th nm r v chnh xc nht
tm l, nhu cu, th hiu ca khch hng. y l nhng thng tin cc k qu gi gip cho h ci tin sn phm, dch v sao cho hp dn khch hng hn. Tuy nhin, nhiu ngi cn e ngi khi s dng dch v ny v c kin cho rng s bo mt v ring t khng c m bo. 8. Dch v ngn hng qua mng vin thng khng dy (Wireless communications network) hay M(mobile)banking y l loi dch v ngn hng in t mi nht hin nay da trn cng ngh in t vin thng khng dy ca mng in thoi di ng. Thc cht dch v ny chnh l s kt ni in thoi di ng ca khch hng vi trung tm cung cp dch v ngn hng in t v kt ni Internet trn in thoi di ng s dng giao thc truyn thng WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). S dng dch v mbanking, khch hng c th thc hin c cc loi giao dch sau: Kim tra s d ti khon Xem chi tit khong chc giao dch gn nht trn ti khon Xem chi tit cc lnh thanh ton nh k (standing order) Xem chi tit cc lnh thanh ton trc tip (direct debit) Ngoi ra, khch hng cn c th truy cp xem cc thng tin cp nht v sn phm dch v ca ngn hng, li sut tit kim, t gi hi oi, a im cc my ATM gn nht, a ch cc chi nhnh ca ngn hng Xu hng pht trin nhanh chng ca in thoi di ng cng vi tnh an ton v tin li ca dch v ngn hng qua mng vin thng khng dy m ra trin vng y ha hn cho loi hnh dch v ngn hng in t mi m ny.
III. Nhng yu t quan trng trong s hnh thnh v pht trin e-banking
1. Yu t php l Yu t php l ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trong s pht trin ca bt c mt ngnh ngh no. i vi lnh vc ti chnh ngn hng, yu t ny li cng ng vai tr quyt nh v ti chnh ngn hng lun c coi l "huyt mch ca nn kinh t" v "huyt mch" hot ng thng sut th mi trng php l phi hon thin v n nh. c bit, mi trng php l n nh v minh bch s c tc ng tch cc n s pht trin loi hnh dch v ngn hng mi nh e-banking v n m bo cho loi hnh dch v ny c bo v, khuyn khch pht trin v cnh tranh cng bng vi cc loi dch v ngn hng khc. Mt khc, mt h thng php l y v cht ch cng gip gim thiu cc ri ro trong hot ng ca ngn hng cng nh tng an ton tin gi ca khch hng. 2. Yu t khoa hc cng ngh Trong vi thp k qua, chng ta chng kin s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc cng ngh. S ra i ca mng Internet, cng ngh in t, cng ngh thng tin v vin thng, h thng v tuyn truyn hnh tng tc, chnh l tin hnh thnh v pht trin cc loi dch v ngn hng in t phong ph nh hin nay. C th khng nh rng, yu t khoa hc cng ngh s lun l yu t khng th thiu c trong s hnh thnh v pht trin ca bt c mt loi hnh dch v ngn hng in t no.
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3. Yu t cnh tranh Trong mt mi trng m cc ngn hng u c th cung cp nhng sn phm, dch v tng t nhau v s lng khch hng t thay i, tng th phn ca mnh cc ngn hng lun phi cnh tranh nhm a ra cc sn phm, dch v tt hn, nhiu tin ch hn thu ht khch hng. Cc ngn hng trn th gii hin nay c xu hng la chn pht trin cc loi hnh dch v ngn hng in t do tnh u vit vt tri ca n so vi cc loi hnh dch v ngn hng truyn thng khc.
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Chng II: Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti Vit Nam

I. Bi cnh thc y s pht trin e-banking ti Vit Nam
Cng vi xu th chung ca th gii, Vit Nam ang trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t. Ni dung c bn ca qu trnh ny l vic Vit Nam nht tr thc hin cc cam kt kinh t quc t (song phng v a phng) trong khun kh cc hip nh. Cc cam kt ni bt trong thi gian gn y m Vit Nam k kt vi cc t chc quc t l:
Hip nh v chng trnh u i thu quan c hiu lc chung (CEPT) cho khu vc mu dch t do ASEAN (AFTA) c k kt ngy 15/12/1995 v c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/1996. Mc tiu c bn ca ASEAN/AFTA l t do ho thng mi, xo b hng ro thu quan trong quan h bun bn. thc hin mc tiu ny, cc nc thng qua cng c chnh l Chng trnh u i thu quan c hiu lc chung (CEPT). Trong khun kh hip nh ny, Vit Nam cam kt hon thnh vic ct gim thu nhp khu xung mc 0%-5% vo ngy 1/1/2006 vi hn 6200 dng thu. Ngoi ra, Vit Nam s dnh ch i ng ti hu quc v i ng quc gia trn c s c i c li v thu doanh thu, thu hng cao cp, xc nh t gi hi oi, qun l ngoi t v cc bin php khc. Din n Hp tc Kinh t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC). Vit Nam tr thnh thnh vin ca T chc ny t ngy 14/11/1998. Mc tiu lu di t ra i vi lnh vc thu quan trong khun kh cam kt APEC l mc thu nhp khu u i s mc 0% vo nm 2018, v cc u i khc dnh cho tt c cc lnh vc trong c ngn hng.
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Hip nh Thng mi Vit Nam - Hoa K, k ngy 13/7/2000 v c hiu lc t 10/12/2001. Theo Hip nh ny, Vit Nam cam kt ct gim hoc khng tng thu sut nhp khu i vi hn 244 mt hng t 36% xung cn 26%. Ring i vi lnh vc ti chnh - ngn hng, pha Vit Nam cam kt s d b mi hn ch v dnh cho pha Hoa K cc quyn bnh ng v lnh vc kinh doanh tin t, tn dng, ngn hng trn nguyn tc i x ti hu quc v i x quc gia vi l trnh d b dn cc hn ch t nay n nm 2008. Vit Nam np n xin gia nhp T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO) vo nm 1995 v tin hnh 4 phin m phn, d kin vo nm 2004 s chnh thc tr thnh thnh vin ca t chc ny. WTO l im hi t y cc cam kt m cc hip nh song phng v a phng ni trn phn nh.
Cc cam kt trong khun kh cc hip nh ni trn v ang tc ng mnh m n mi ngnh, mi lnh vc trong nn kinh t quc dn, c bit l i vi ngnh Ngn hng, "mch mu ca nn kinh t". Nhng cam kt trn cho thy hi nhp s m ra hng lot c hi kinh doanh mi cho ngnh Ngn hng, nhng cng a n mun vn kh khn v thch thc. Xt t kha cnh dch v ca cc ngn hng, hi nhp em li nhng thch thc rt ln. i vi cc ngn hng thng mi quc t trong khu vc v trn th gii c tim lc v vn mnh v uy tn cao th thng thng li nhun thu c t cc hot ng dch v ca cc ngn hng ny chim khong 40%50% trong tng thu nhp. Theo c tnh ca cc chuyn gia ngn hng th hin nay cc ngn hng thng mi quc t ang thc hin trn 6000 nghip v kinh doanh khc nhau v lnh vc tin t - tn dng - ngn hng Trong khi , cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam, thu nhp t hot ng tn dng chim 90%, v thc hin ti a khong 300 nghip v kinh doanh khc nhau
trn lnh vc tin t - tn dng - ngn hngVi con s so snh s b ni trn cho thy lnh vc dch v ca cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam ang phi ng u vi v vn kh khn v thch thc m trong nhiu thp k na mi hy vng ui kp vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii. Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng thch thc m cc ngn hng thng mi phi i u v lnh vc dch v th cng chnh lnh vc ny v ang m ra hng lot c hi tt, nu cc ngn hng thng mi bit "i tt n u". c bit l n bt nhng thnh tu khoa hc k thut tin tin nht m cc ngn hng thng mi trn th gii i trc chng ta hng chc thp k trong lnh vc ny ng dng n mt cch c hiu qu nht vo thc tin hot ng ti Vit Nam. C hi v thch thc lun l bn ng hnh trn tin trnh hi nhp. V vy, thc hin tt cc cam kt trong cc hip nh thng mi song phng v a phng m Chnh ph Vit Nam k kt vi cc t chc quc t ni trn, ton ngnh Ngn hng cn phi c nhng ci cch mnh hn trn mi phng din v m v vi m tng bc bin thch thc thnh c hi trong qu trnh hi nhp. Nhn thc c vn trn, chng ta ch trng c cu li h thng Ngn hng Vit Nam, phc v c lc cho s nghip cng nghip ho - hin i ho trong giai on hi nhp khu vc v quc t. Nhim v trc mt ca cc ngn hng thng mi l m rng cc dch v ngn hng, a dch v n tng doanh nghip, tng ngi dn, a vn minh thanh ton n vi mi nh, mi ngi v gim ti mc ti thiu thanh ton dng tin mt trong nn kinh t, tng lu lng v nhng phng tin thanh ton hin i qua ngn hng, c chin lc hi nhp v ch ng tham gia hi nhp vi l trnh v
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bin php ph hp, nht l nng cao nng lc qun tr iu hnh theo kp cc chun mc quc t sc cnh tranh v pht trin bn vng.
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II.
Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti Vit Nam ni chung
T nm 2002 v c bit l u nm 2003, nhiu ngn hng trong nc a vo s dng cc dch v e-banking hin i nh phone-banking (dch v ngn hng qua in thoi), home-banking (dch v ngn hng ti nh), internet banking (dch v ngn hng qua mng my tnh ton cu). Nhng y ch c xem l bc tp dt pht trin m hnh cao hn na l online banking (ngn hng trc tuyn). Do phi ph thuc vo cng ngh nn hin nay cc ngn hng trong nc mi ch p dng ph bin dch v phone-banking hoc home-banking. Bng hnh thc ny, phn ln cc yu cu c p ng l thng bo nhng thng tin c bn nh li sut, t gi ngoi t hng ngy, cc sn phm ngn hng, biu phy l nhng thng tin m bt k mt trang web no ca ngn hng cng c th cung cp c. Song n cng c tin tch cao hn l khch hng c cp mt khu c th truy cp thng tin v bin ng ti khon ca mnh. Tuy nhin, theo nh gi ca mt s chuyn vin ngn hng, iu m doanh nghip cn hin nay l mt ngn hng trc tuyn ngi bt c u, truy cp mng l c th ra lnh chuyn tin d dng v an ton. M hnh ny mi ch c thc hin ti cc ngn hng c vn nc ngoi nh ANZ, HSBC, Citibank...Trong nc, hin giao dch chuyn tin ca khch hng c p ng thng qua h thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng. Cn i vi cc ngn hng ring l, vic p dng giao dch trc tuyn gia cc khch hng hoc vi ngn hng khc ang c nhng hn ch. Dch v ngn hng ti nh hin nay cha c cung cp ph bin ti cc ngn hng trong nc. Nguyn nhn l do thc hin cn phi c s u t thch
ng cho cng ngh cng nh trang thit b m i tng phc v ca loi dch v ny li ch yu l cho cc doanh nghip ch khng phi tt c cc khch hng. Hin nay dch v ny mi ch c cc chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi cung cp nh ANZ (ANZLink), Citibank (Citibanking), HSBC (Hexagon),H thng ngn hng thng mi trong nc mi ch c duy nht Vietcombank cung cp dch v ny vi tn gi Vietcombank Money. Mt dch v e-banking khc ang c nhiu ngn hng ch trng u t v hin ang cnh tranh gay gt l dch v th. Th trng th Vit Nam c s gp mt ca nhiu ngn hng thng mi. S a dng v thnh phn s hu, c cu t chc ca cc ngn hng lm cho th trng th tr nn si ng, cnh tranh din ra ngy cng gay gt trn mi lnh vc hot ng. Tuy vy, theo nh gi ca cc t chc th quc t v cc chuyn gia ngn hng ti chnh trong nc, th trng th Vit Nam ang cn qu rng ln v y tim nng cho cc ngn hng tip tc u t v pht trin. Dch v thanh ton th ngn hng c Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam ngn hng u tin a th vo Vit Nam hi u nhng nm 90. y l thi k M ang cm vn Vit Nam nn Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam khng th thc hin thanh ton th trc tip vi cc t chc th quc t. p ng nhu cu khch hng, ngn hng phi i ng vng bng cch thit lp quan h i l thanh ton th thng qua cc ngn hng v cng ty ti chnh nc ngoi. Nm 1990, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam tr thnh i l thanh ton th Visa u tin ti Vit Nam ca ngn hng BFCE Singapore, sau l i l thanh ton th Mastercard ca Cng ty ti chnh MBF Malaixia v i l thanh ton th JCB ca Cng ty JCB Nht. C th ni Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam l ngn hng t nhng vin gch u tin cho dch v
th ngn hng ti th trng Vit Nam pht trin. n nm 1994, ngay sau ngy M b cm vn, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam k hp ng i l thanh ton th American Express vi Cng ty American Express Hongkong. T cho n gn ht nm 1995, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam gi v tr c quyn cung ng trong dch v thanh ton th ngn hng ti th trng Vit Nam. T nm 1996, th trng th Vit Nam bt u tr nn si ng vi s tham gia ca cc ngn hng thng mi c phn trong nc v cc chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi ti Vit Nam. Thng 4/1996, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam cng vi Ngn hng thng mi c phn chu (ACB), Ngn hng thng mi c phn Xut nhp khu (Eximbank) v ngn hng lin doanh FirstVina tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca T chc th quc t Mastercard ti Vit Nam. Cng vo thi im , th tn dng quc t Mastercard u tin c Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam pht hnh ti Vit Nam. Nm 1997, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam c T chc th quc t Visa kt np l thnh vin. Cuc khng hong ti chnh khu vc nm 1997 c nhng nh hng nht nh n tc tng trng ca nn kinh t Vit Nam, nht l du lch v u t nc ngoi. T nm 1997 n 1999, doanh s thanh ton th quc t ti Vit Nam st gim hn do lng khch du lch v u t gim st. Sau khng hong, cc ngn hng khu vc phi chuyn hng chin lc sang lnh vc dch v bn l v th trng tiu dng. Kt qu l lnh vc pht trin th c c mt tm quan trng mi trong tm nhn ca cc ngn hng khu vc. Khng nm ngoi xu hng , ti Vit Nam, dch v th ngn hng cng bt u c ch trng u t pht trin. T nm 2000 tr li y, th trng th ngn hng Vit Nam c nhng bin i tch cc. Hu ht cc ngn hng
u trin khai dch v th. Nhiu sn phm th khc nhau, c sn phm mang thng hiu quc t v ni a u c a vo th trng. Trong nhng nm qua, d l trong thi k kh khn nht, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam vn lun pht huy vai tr tin phong ca mnh trn th trng th Vit Nam. Vi nh hng chin lc pht trin ng n, vi h thng cng ngh t chun quc t, vi h thng thanh ton th kt ni trc tuyn vi cc T chc th quc t, vi nhng kinh nghim tch lu trong sut qu trnh hot ng, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam tip tc bc nhng bc vng chc hi nhp vo th trng ti chnh quc t v khng nh vai tr ca mnh ti th trng th ngn hng trong nc. Hin ti, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam chim hn 40% th phn thanh ton v pht hnh th tn dng quc t, hn 50% th phn thanh ton v pht hnh th ghi n. 2Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam cng l ngn hng duy nht trn th trng c h thng my thanh ton th chp nhn c 6 loi th tn dng v ghi n thng dng: 5 loi th trn th trng quc t l Visa, Mastercard, American Express, JCB, Diners Club v 1 loi th ti th trng Vit Nam l Vietcombank Connect 24. Cc sn phm v dch v mi , ang v s c Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam tip tc a ra th trng vi nhng tnh nng vt tri.
III. Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti h thng ngn hng trong nc
1. Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam
Thi Bo Ngn h ng s ra ng y 26-28/03/2003

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i u cc ngn hng thng mi trong nc trong qu trnh hin i ho Ngn hng l Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam. Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam l mt trong nhng ngn hng thng mi quc doanh c thnh lp sm nht Vit Nam trong thi k xy dng t nc v u tranh bo v t quc. Ngy 30/10/1962, theo ngh ca Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam, Hi ng Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 115/CP thnh lp Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam trn c s b my ca Cc Ngoi hi trc thuc Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam. Sau mt thi gian chun b, ngy 1/4/1963, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam chnh thc i vo hot ng. Trong sut 40 nm qua, ngay c trong thi k c ch bao cp, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam do c th l gn lin vi cc quan h kinh t quc t nn cng l ni tip nhn c nhiu thng tin cng nh mi quan h kinh t i hi phi vn ln st vi yu cu ca hot ng ti chnh ngn hng quc t. c bit l trong hn 15 nm i mi, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam vt qua rt nhiu kh khn th thch sm tr thnh ngn hng thng mi quc doanh hng u ca Vit Nam trong nhiu lnh vc nh huy ng vn, cho vay v nht l pht trin dch v ngn hng. Nhng nm gn y, thc hin yu cu c cu li cc ngn hng thng mi quc doanh, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam vn ln dn u cc ngn hng trong nc v pht trin cc dch v tin ch ngn hng hin i bng cch p dng cng ngh thng tin v theo st c yu cu ca mt ngn hng thng mi c tm c khu vc v quc t. Trong 6 nm lin tip, t 1995 n 2002, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam c Ngn hng JP Morgan Chase cng nhn l "Ngn hng c cht lng dch v thanh ton tt nht" trong khu vc. C th coi Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam l ngn hng i u to nn mt s thc y v li cun cc ngn hng thng mi quc doanh v cc ngn hng thng mi khc trong nc cng vi mnh
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thc hin thnh cng s nghip cng nghip ho - hin i ho trong giai on hi nhp khu vc v quc t hin nay. VCB thc hin vai tr i l thanh ton, sau l i l pht hnh cc loi th tn dng quc t (Visa v Master vo thng 4/1996, AMEX vo thng 9/1996), pht hnh th tn dng VCB-VISA (1998). c bit, vo thng 5/2002, vi vic khai trng h thng ngn hng trc tuyn (VCB-Online) v h thng rt tin t ng (ATM) mang li tm vc mi v cng ngh ngn hng c p dng ti Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam, n cng mang li cho khch hng nhng tin ch khi mi giao dch c thc hin tc th khng cn qua khu trung gian no. Khch hng c th t thc hin cc giao dch ti my ATM gn nht s dng cc dch v t ng ho c tnh chnh xc cao. Cn h thng giao dch t ng (Connect 24) cho php khch hng giao dch bt c u - ni c c s giao dch ca Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam, gip cho khch hng vt qua c hn ch v khng gian v thi gian. Th VCB Connect 24 thc cht l mt th ghi n ni a, cha s dng c nc ngoi. Hin nay khch hng dng loi th ny c th thanh ton c ti hu ht cc siu th ln trn ton quc. VCB ang tch cc m rng phm vi thanh ton th, khng phi ch cc siu th m cn cc ca hng, khch sn, trung tm gii tr, v ni chung l tt c nhng ni din ra cc hot ng mua bn, giao dch v chi tiu hng ngy. VCB cng ang phi hp vi mt s cng ty bo him thc hin thanh ton ph bo him qua th. Trong trng hp khch hng mua bo him nhn th th thay v hng thng khch hng phi tr mt khon ph cho Cng ty bo him th ti y khch hng khng cn lm th tc nh vy na m ch cn thc hin tr tin trn ti khon ca mnh. Tin n, VCB cng d nh cho php ch th Connect 24 c th thanh ton tin in, in thoi thng qua dch v th ny.
Phn ln khch hng s dng th Connect 24 hin nay l nhn vin ca cc doanh nghip m ti khon nhn lng. Cc doanh nghip ch cn ng k ti khon cc nhn cho nhn vin ca mnh v yu cu pht hnh th Connect 24 cho nhn vin. Thay v lnh tin mt tr lng cho nhn vin th n k lng doanh nghip ch cn lp mt bng lng v yu cu ngn hng chuyn tin vo ti khon c nhn ca tng nhn vin. iu ny tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian, cng sc cho b phn k ton ca cng ty, gim thiu c sai st so vi vic tr lng bng tin mt. Hn na thng tin v tin lng ca cc nhn vin c m bo b mt tuyt i. V pha nhn vin, nhn lng bng cch ny cng rt thun tin cho h v h c th rt tin bt c khi no cn bng cch dng th Connect 24. Ngoi ra, s tin cha dng ti trong ti khon cng c tnh li ging nh mt s tit kim vy. Hai h thng a tin ch l Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn (VCB-Online) v H thng giao dch t ng ATM (Connect 24) c vai tr kinh t - x hi ng k, khuyn khch ngi dn s dng cc dch v ngn hng, thanh ton qua ngn hng, thay i thi quen dng tin mt trong lu thng. Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam hin ang l ngn hng Vit Nam u tin tham gia vo h thng ATM ton cu. Bn cnh , vic pht trin sn phm ngn hng in t (VCB-Money) v dch v ngn hng Internet l bc t ph trong pht trin cng ngh ca Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam so vi cc ngn hng thng mi khc nc ta. n nay c hn 200 t chc kinh t v 29 t chc tn dng s dng VCB-Money. Vi chin lc pht trin thnh ngn hng a nng, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam ch trng n cc sn phm da trn cng ngh. Chin lc ny m bo phc v tt hn cho th trng ni a 80 triu dn, cung cp cc sn
phm v dch v cho c nhn, doanh nghip va v nh. Hot ng th ca Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam c nhng thnh qu ng khch l. Tnh n nay, lng th tn dng quc t pht hnh khong trn 17.000. S tin s dng trn th l 254,55 t VND v s tin thanh ton qua th l 108 triu USD. Nguyn nhn tng l do cng ngh thanh ton th c ci thin, mng qun l, thanh ton n nh. Ch sau cha y 1 nm i vo hot ng h thng giao dch t ng Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam Connect-24 t trn 50.000 th c pht hnh, hn 40.000 ti khon c nhn c m thm vi bnh qun khong 3.000 giao dch/ngy. Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam tin hnh s kt giai on 1 chun b tip tc trin khai giai on 2 vi vic a vo hot ng thm 70 my ATM trong nm 2003 nng tng s ln 200 my trn ton quc. 2. Ngn hng thng mi c phn Chu Ngn hng thng mi c phn Chu c tn giao dch quc t l Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank (vit tt l ACB) chnh thc i vo hot ng k t ngy 04/06/1993 vi vn iu l ban u l 20 t ng. Ra i khi nn kinh t ang cn nhiu kh khn v bin ng, h thng php lut, chnh sch kinh t, ti chnh v m cha hon thin, thiu ng b v cn cha ng nhiu ri ro cho hot ng ngn hng nn khi mi thnh lp ACB phi n lc rt nhiu. Sau gn mi nm hot ng, n nay ACB thc s tr thnh ngn hng thng mi c phn uy tn hng u Vit Nam v tc tng trng vt bc v cht lng dch v khch hng. Cho n thng 1 nm 2003, vn iu l ca ACB tng ln 424 t ng, tng gp hn 21 ln so vi vn ban u. Hin nay, ACB c 3 c ng nc ngoi l:
Connaught Investors Ltd (thuc tp on Jardine Matheson)

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LG Investment & Securities Co. Ltd. Dragon Financial Holdings Ltd.
ACB khng ngng m rng mng li hot ng, cho n nay ngoi Hi s chnh ti 442 Nguyn Th Minh Khai, Qun 3, TP H Ch Minh, Ngn hng c 21 chi nhnh, Cng ty Chng khon ACB, Trung tm th ACB, Trung tm chuyn tin nhanh Western Union. n cui nm 2002, ACB c quan h i l vi 434 ngn hng ti 75 quc gia trn khp th gii. Hin nay ACB c 4 trung tm giao dch ACB-Western Union v hn 2000 i l chp nhn thanh ton th tn dng ACB trn c nc. t c nhng thnh tu trn l nh Ban lnh o ca ACB nhy bn, kp thi xc nh ng hng i cho s pht trin. Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca cng ngh hin i trong vic nng cao cht lng v pht trin sn phm, dch v ngn hng nhm p ng yu cu kht khe ca khch hng, ACB mnh dn p dng cng ngh tin tin. n cui nm 2002, h qun tr nghip v ngn hng TCBS (The Complete Banking Solution) ng dng cng ngh thng tin ti ACB chnh thc vn hnh, a ACB tr thnh ngn hng thng mi c phn c hm lng cng ngh thng tin cao nht trong cc mt hot ng. Vi TCBS, mc tiu ct li l gip Ban qun tr qun l hiu qu hn cc mt hot ng ca ngn hng, ng thi chm sc khch hng tt hn bng cc dch v tin ch do TCBS mang li. ng dng u tin ca TCBS l dch v Ngn hng qua in thoi (Phone Banking) cung cp cc thng tin cho khch hng v t gi, li sut, tnh hnh chng khon, ti khon v giao dch. Bn cnh dch v Phone Banking, dch v ngn hng qua Internet (Internet
banking) cho php khch hng s dng khng gii hn cc dch v ngn hng. Ngoi vic truy cp tm kim thng tin, c hai dch v ny cho php khch hng ngi ti nh c th thc hin mt s giao dch vi ngn hng. Tt c cc khch hng c ti khon tin gi ti ACB khi c nhu cu s dng hai dch v trn ch cn lin h vi cc chi nhnh ACB ni m ti khon c cp m s truy cp v mt khu. Vi dch v Phone Banking ca ACB, khch hng c th:

Kim tra s d ti khon Kim tra cc giao dch gn nht Bit cc thng tin c cp nht v li sut ca Ngn hng Xem cc thng tin v t gi hi oi, li sut Yu cu Ngn hng fax bng sao k ti khon, bng li sut hoc t gi hi oi.
Vi dch v Internet Banking, khch hng c th xem: 1. Thng tin v sn phm dch v ca Ngn hng:

Cc sn phm tin gi tit kim, tin gi thanh ton Cc sn phm tn dng, cc loi cho vay, dch v thanh ton, chuyn tin, th tn dng quc t, th tn dng ni a, cc dch v khc. Biu li sut, biu ph dch v ngn hng. T gi mi nht cc loi ngoi t do ACB cng b Cc thng tin khc S d ti khon Lit k cc giao dch ca ti khon theo tng thng trong qu kh (t thng 01 nm 2001)
2. Thng tin v ti khon c nhn:

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3. Ngn hng ng Hin nay, dch v e-banking duy nht m Ngn hng ng cung cp cho khch hng l Th ng . y l loi Th thanh ton ni a (th ghi n) u tin Vit Nam s dng ting Vit trong giao dch, ng thi khch hng c th va thanh ton hng ho, dch v va thc hin ln chuyn khon. Khch hng c th s dng cc tin ch ca th ng m vn c hng li trn s d ca ti khon th.
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Cc tin ch ca th ng :
Rt tin mt: o Ti cc chi nhnh v i l do Ngn hng ng u nhim. o Chi tr t ng qua ATM 24/24 gi (trong tng lai) Thanh ton hng ho dch v ti siu th, nh hng, khch sn, c bit: Khch hng c th chuyn khon t ti khon ny sang ti khon khc cng nh chi tr tin in, in thoi, truyn hnh cp, ph bo him
u im ca th ng :
L phng thc hiu qu h tr cho cc cng ty thc hin chi lng qua ti khon. Ch th chnh c th qun l v gii hn s tin s dng hng thng ca ch th ph to s thun li v an tm khi cp th cho con ci hay ngi thn. Gim ri ro, tng li nhun Cng ngh bo mt hin i bng s PIN (m s c nhn) v cc bin php bo mt khc to an ton trong thanh ton, an tm khi s dng. Khng gp rc ri hay ri ro khi mang tin theo ngi nh b mt mt, b trm cp, tin rch, tin gi, tin l nhiu
Theo Ngn hng thng mi c phn ng , t ngy 14/04/2003 cc khch hng s dng th ng c th vay tin ti ngn hng qua th. y l ngn hng u tin ti Vit Nam trin khai tin ch ny. Sau khi c xt duyt, khch hng c th vay tin ti ngn hng bng cch rt tin mt hay thanh ton tin hng ho ti gn 100 im chp nhn th ti Vit Nam vi mc vay ti a l 50 triu ng. Li sut vay l 0,04%/ngy. Thi hn tr n vay ti a l 90 ngy. Nu c vay tip, khch hng phi hon tr ng hn n vay c. Khch hng mun vay tin qua th ch cn lm th tc mt ln bao gm giy
ng k dch v thu chi v mt s giy t cn thit khc tu theo tng i tng c th. Ngn hng ng s xt duyt mc cho vay cho tng nhm khch hng c th nh khch hng nhn lng chi h qua ngn hng, c ng ca ngn hng, cc doanh nghip, khch hng gi tit kim ti ngn hng. 4. Ngn hng thng mi c phn K Thng (Techcombank) T ngy 15/09/2002, Ngn hng thng mi c phn K Thng (Techcombank) chnh thc cung cp ti khch hng nhm cc dch v ngn hng ti gia (Techcombank home banking). Bao gm Techcombank Fast Access (giao dch qua trang ch mng Internet), Techcombank Mail Access (giao dch qua email) v Techcombank Mobile Access (giao dch qua in thoi di ng). Techcombank Homebanking l dch v tng th da trn cc k thut hin i nhm cung cp thng tin cho khch hng. Vi cc dch v ny, cc khch hng ca Techcombank c th vo bt c lc no v ti bt c u s dng cc dch v v tip nhn thng tin giao dch vi Ngn hng. Techcombank Homebanking bao gm cc sn phm, dch v c th sau:
Techcombank Fast Access: l h thng cung cp thng tin thng qua giao din Web, khch hng truy cp Website ca Ngn hng v ch ng tra cu, tm kim thng tin. s dng h thng ny, khch hng ch cn mt my tnh c nhn c modem ni mng Internet hoc Intranet (mng ni b) ca Techcombank v mt mt khu do Ngn hng cung cp, khch hng c th d dng thc hin cng vic tra cu.
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tng thm tnh bo mt thng tin ti khon, khch hng c th d dng t thay i mt khu truy cp ti khon ca mnh.
Techcombank Mail Access: l h thng cung cp thng tin qua th in t, Ngn hng s t ng cung cp thng tin ti khch hng bng th in t. Techcombank Mobile Access: l h thng cung cp thng tin 2 chiu qua in thoi di ng. Ngn hng s t ng cung cp thng tin ti khon ti khch hng bng h thng tin nhn vo in thoi di ng hoc khch hng c th ch ng gi tin nhn ti h thng nhn c tin nhn phn hi v s d ti khon.
Ni dung cc thng tin Ngn hng c th cung cp ti khch hng gm c:

Thng tin s d, giao dch pht sinh ca cc loi ti khon: Ti khon tin gi thanh ton khng k hn, c k hn (VND, USD); Ti khon k qu Cc thng tin t gi, li sut, thng tin kinh t Thc hin cc giao dch thanh ton vi ngn hng (trong tng lai)
s dng dch v ny, khch hng cn ng k bng cch in y cc thng tin vo mu ng k ti cc chi nhnh ca Techcombank. Trc mt, Techcombank Homebanking mi ch cho php khch hng truy cp s d v cc giao dch ti khon cng nh nhn cc thng tin t gi li sut, thng tin kinh t. Khch hng c th la chn ch ng truy cp hay phng n c Techcombank t ng gi thng bo vo email hoc in thoi di ng mi khi c giao dch hoc thay i trong ti khon. Ngoi ra, Techcombank ang xc tin trong nm 2003 ny cc khch hng s dng Techcombank Homebanking c th thc hin cc giao dch thanh ton in t
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vi cc bn th ba nh tr tin in thoi, tin in, mua sm ging nh cc m hnh hin ang rt ph bin v c a chung ti cc nc khc. Trong thi gian u, cc dch v Techcombank Homebanking s c cung cp min ph ti cc khch hng. T 15/09/2002 cc khch hng c ng k ti khon ti Hi s H Ni v chi nhnh Chng Dng ca Techcombank c s dng dch v ny. T 30/09/2002 Techcombank Homebanking c trin khai ti cc chi nhnh Thng Long, Hon Kim (H Ni) v Nng. n gia thng 10/2002, dch v ny c cung cp ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh. 5. Ngn hng thng mi c phn Xut Nhp khu Vit Nam (Eximbank) Eximbank c thnh lp vo ngy 24/5/1989 theo quyt nh s 140/Ch tch ca Ch tch Hi ng B trng vi tn gi u tin l Ngn hng Xut Nhp khu Vit Nam (Vit Nam Export Import Bank), l mt trong nhng ngn hng thng mi c phn u tin ca Vit Nam. Ngn hng chnh thc i vo hot ng ngy 17/01/1990. Ngy 06/04/1992, Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam k giy php cho php Ngn hng hot ng trong thi hn 50 nm vi s vn iu l ng k l 50 t ng Vit Nam vi tn mi l Ngn hng thng mi c phn Xut Nhp khu Vit Nam (Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint-Stock Bank), gi tt l Vietnam Eximbank. n thng 04/2001 sau ba ln tng vn iu l, hin nay Eximbank c s vn iu l ln ti 300 t ng Vit Nam tng ng 300.000 c phn. Ngn hng thng mi c phn Xut Nhp khu Vit Nam c a bn hot ng
rng khp c nc vi Tr s Chnh t ti TP H Ch Minh v 4 Chi nhnh Cp I H Ni, Nng, Cn Th v Ch Ln. Eximbank c chn l 1 trong 6 ngn hng Vit Nam tham gia thc hin D n hin i ho ngn hng (Bank Modernization Project) do Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam t chc vi s ti tr ca Ngn hng Th Gii. Eximbank cng c hai t chc th tn dng ln nht th gii l Mastercard International v Visa International chp nhn lm thnh vin chnh thc (principal member). Hin nay, Eximbank ang pht hnh th Eximbank Mastercard, chp nhn thanh ton cc loi th Visa, Mastercard v JCB. Dch v pht hnh th: Tin ch s dng th:
S dng trc ngun vn ca ngn hng thanh ton tin hng ho, dch v ti gn 7.000 a im thanh ton th ti Vit Nam (nh cc ca hng, siu th, nh hng, khch sn) v hn 16 triu a im ca 220 quc gia trn ton th gii. Khch hng c th s dng th Eximbank-Mastercard rt tin mt ti cc ngn hng hoc ti gn 500.000 my rt tin t ng (ATM) hot ng 24/24 gi trn ton th gii. c bit tin li v an ton khi khch hng thng xuyn i nc ngoi cng tc, du lch, cha bnh hoc du hc Vi th Eximbank-Mastercard, khch hng c th d dng thanh ton v kim sot cc khon chi ph sinh hot ca con em l du hc sinh ti nc ngoi.
i tng, iu kin v th tc pht hnh th:

Gio s, ging vin cc trng i hc Bc s, lut s

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Doanh nhn Cn b cng nhn vin chc Du hc sinh Cc i tng khch hng khc
iu kin pht hnh:

Mi cng dn Vit Nam c y nng lc hnh vi dn s i vi khch hng l ngi nc ngoi th phi c thi hn lu tr v lm vic ti Vit Nam ti thiu l 12 thng k t ngy np n xin pht hnh th C thu nhp hp php v n nh p ng cc yu cu khc (nu c) ca Ngn hng
Th tc pht hnh th:

Hai bn Hp ng s dng th (theo mu) Giy ngh pht hnh th (theo mu) Bn sao cng chng chng minh th v h khu (vi khch hng l ngi Vit Nam) /h chiu (i vi khch hng l ngi nc ngoi. Giy t xc nhn thc hin m bo tn dng nh: Giy np tin, s tit kim (p dng i vi khch hng thc hin m bo tn dng) Giy chng nhn cng tc, chc v hoc giy bo lnh (p dng i vi khch hng c Ngn hng ng min thc hin m bo tn dng)
Loi th pht hnh: Hin ti Ngn hng Xut Nhp khu Vit Nam ang pht hnh cc loi th tn dng quc t Mastercard nh sau:
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Th Xanh (th thng) Hn mc tn dng t 10 triu n di 50 triu ng VN. Th Vng Hn mc tn dng t 50 triu ng VN tr ln.
Ph dch v pht hnh th: Khi pht hnh th quc t Eximbank-Mastercard, khch hng s c min gim cc khon ph sau y: Cc ph c min: Ph thay th th Ph thay i hn mc tn dng Ph t mua hng, dch v qua th, fax, Internet Ph cp bn sao chng t giao dch ti cc i l ca Eximbank Ph thng nin: Th vng chnh: Th vng ph : Th chun ph: 150.000 VND 100.000 VND
Th chun chnh: 100.000 VND 50.000 VND
B phn dch v khch hng ca Ngn hng sn sng phc v khch hng 24/24 gi, k c cc ngy ngh v ngy l gii quyt cc yu cu nh: Tm hiu th tc pht hnh th iu chnh tng gim hn mc tn dng Tr li cc thc mc lin quan n vic s dng th
Thng bo th b tht lc, mt cp Ngoi ra, Eximbank cn hp tc vi cc n v nh nh hng, khch sn, bnh vin, trng hc, chp nhn thanh ton tin bn hng, cung cp dch v bng cc loi th nh sau: Th Mastercard Th Mastercard Electronic Th Visa Th Visa Electron Trong tng lai, Eximbank d nh s pht hnh th ni a. Ngoi dch v th, Eximbank cn cung cp cho khch hng ca mnh dch v truy vn ti khon. Khch hng c th truy cp trc tip vo h thng Eximbank xem thng tin v t gi, biu ph v truy vn s d cc ti khon, xem sao k, s ph,... 6. Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam (The Industrial and Commercial Bank of Vit Nam - gi tt l ICB) Trc y, Vit Nam tng ch c mt ngn hng chnh, l Ngn hng Nh nc. Nm 1988, Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam l doanh nghip nh nc c bit c thnh lp trn c s tch ra t h thng Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam. Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam l mt trong nhng ngn hng thng mi i u trong vic p dng tin b khoa hc k thut v cng ngh hin i vo hot ng ngn hng. Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam v ang c
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nhng chng trnh u t thch ng vo cng ngh mi c th mau chng ho nhp vi mi trng thng mi in t. Hin nay, Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam ang trin khai a vo s dng h thng thanh ton in t. H thng ny cho php cc khch hng giao dch chuyn tin, rt tin, gi tin 24/24 gi ti bt c im giao dch t ng hoc cc i l chp nhn th ca Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, trong tng lai khng xa ngn hng cn cung cp dch v ngn hng Internet, dch v ngn hng ti nh, dch v ngn hng qua in thoi Mi giao dch t vic vay vn, m th tn dng, u t, thanh ton, lu k chng khon, kim tra ti khon c th thc hin ti nh thng qua cc my tnh ca doanh nghip v c nhn.
IV. Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti h thng ngn hng c vn u t nc ngoi
1. Chohung Vina Bank Chohung Vina Bank l ngn hng lin doanh gia Ngn hng Ngoi Thng Vit Nam (Vietcombank) v Ngn hng Chohung ca Hn Quc vi t l vn gp 50:50. Ngn hng ny c thnh lp t thng 2 nm 1993 vi s vn l 20 triu USD. Mi y ngy 28/02/2003, trong dp k nim ln th 10 ngy thnh lp, ng Hang Shin Seong - Tng Gim c ngn hng Chohung Vina tuyn b thay th ton b h thng qun tr ngn hng c (c phn cng ln phn mm) bng mt h thng qun tr ngn hng mi vi tn gi COSES (Chohung Overseas Standard E-banking System). H thng mi COSES c trin khai trong thng 03/2003 v mc tiu ca n l cung cp cho khch hng cc tin
ch mi nh h thng my rt tin t ng (ATM), dch v ngn hng trn Internet (internet banking) v cc dch v ngn hng s v l khc. H thng ny cng c kt ni vo h thng mng ca VCB. Sau khi kt ni vi VCB, ngn hng s cung cp cc dch v ngn hng n vi cc khch hng trn ton quc thng qua h thng my ATM ca VCB.
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2. Ngn hng ANZ Vit Nam Ngn hng ANZ Vit Nam l ngn hng 100% vn nc ngoi, thuc tp on ngn hng Australia v Newzealand. Tp on ANZ l mt cng ty dch v ti chnh ln vi hn 4 triu khch hng trn ton th gii, tng ti sn khong 100 t USD. ANZ c mt ti hn 28 quc gia Bc M, chu u, chu v khu vc Thi Bnh Dng. Ring chu , ANZ c mt ti 11 quc gia l Trung Quc, Hng Kng, Indonesia, Nht Bn, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Hn Quc, i Loan, Thi Lan v Vit Nam. ANZ l mt trong nhng ngn hng nc ngoi u tin hot ng ti Vit Nam. Thng 2 nm 1993, chi nhnh ANZ ti H Ni chnh thc i vo hot ng v ch 3 nm sau, chi nhnh ti TP H Ch Minh cng bt u m ca. Mi y, ANZ c Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam cp giy php thnh lp vn phng i din ti Cn Th. Dch v m ngn hng ANZ Vit Nam cung cp rt a dng, bao gm: dch v ngn hng cho cc doanh nghip, t chc; dch v ngn hng cho cc c nhn; dch v ngn hng in t (e-banking); dch v thanh ton quc t; dch v cho thu ti chnh Ngn hng ANZ c bit n l ngn hng nc ngoi u tin cung cp cc khon vay trung hn cho cc d n ti Vit Nam v l ngn hng u tin trin khai h thng my rt tin t ng c hai thnh ph ln ca Vit Nam l H Ni v TP H Ch Minh v pht hnh th ghi n ton cu ANZ Global Access. n nay, ANZ Vit Nam cung cp cho khch hng ca mnh nhiu dch v e-banking nh: th ghi n ton cu ANZ Access, ANZLink, internet banking
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Th ANZ Access cho php khch hng c th rt tin mt t ti khon ca mnh m ti ANZ Vit Nam ti cc my ATM trong Vit Nam cng nh 465.000 my ATM ti hn 70 quc gia trn ton th gii. Ngoi rt tin, khch hng cn c th thc hin mt s loi giao dch khc ti my ATM nh: Vn tin ti khon: xem s d In bo co ti khon mini (bao gm 10 giao dch gn nht) Yu cu in sao k ti khon Chuyn tin gia cc ti khon ca mnh m ti ANZ Vit Nam i mt khu ca th Khch hng cng c th dng th ny thanh ton ti hu ht cc siu th ln v nhiu ca hng, i l v my bay, phng khm ti H Ni v TP H Ch Minh. Cc my ATM t ti hai chi nhnh ca ANZ u hot ng 24/24 gi, do cc khch hng c th thc hin giao dch vo bt c lc no thun tin nht. ANZ cng v ang xc tin hp tc vi cc ngn hng trong nc (Sacombank, Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam) cho php cc khch hng s dng th ANZ Access c th rt tin thng qua h thng my ATM ca cc ngn hng ny trn ton quc. Hin nay, ANZ cn cung cp cho khch hng l cc t chc, doanh nghip mt h thng ngn hng in t c tn gi l ANZLink. H thng ny cho php khch hng c th thc hin cc giao dch ngay t vn phng ca mnh m khng cn phi n trc tip ti ngn hng. ANZLink c th cung cp cc dch v sau cho khch hng: Vn tin ti khon: o Xem s d,
o Xem cc giao dch trn ti khon o Xem cc thng tin khc lin quan n ti khon nh li sut, s d thc t v s d kh dng, Xem t gi Lm lnh chuyn tin gia cc ti khon ni b cng ty hoc vi bn th ba Yu cu hi phiu Yu cu pht hnh s sc Yu cu sa i cc lnh chuyn tin gi (nu c sai st) Lp th Tn dng Ti cc thng tin t ANZLink sang cc phn mm ng dng khc nh Excel, to ra cc bo co ring ANZLink c cc khch hng a chung v s dng rt n gin li thun tin v an ton. Khi mun lm lnh chuyn tin, khch hng ch vic in vo mu chuyn tin c sn trong my vi nhiu bc c t ng ho v c th lu li c vi nhiu cp khc nhau nh mu sn, mu c nh, mu nh k s dng ln sau. Lnh chuyn tin c th gi ti ngn hng 24/24 gi, vo bt c lc no khch hng thy thun tin nht. H thng ny cn cho php khch hng duyt lnh vi nhiu phng thc khc nhau tng ng vi cc phng thc iu hnh ti khon a dng ca khch hng nh mi lnh chuyn tin cn c hai ngi k duyt, hay c th t hn mc k duyt lnh cho tng ngi s dng. Mi nhn vin c cng ty u quyn s dng ANZLink s c cp mt m truy cp v mt mt khu ring. Tu theo yu cu cng vic ca tng ngi m ngi qun l c th hn ch khu vc truy cp ca tng ngi s dng nh ch c vn tin ti khon hoc xem t gi m khng c lm cc giao dch chuyn tin hoc ch c lp lnh chuyn tin m khng c duyt lnh m bo an ton, ANZLink khng cho php mt ngi va lp lnh chuyn tin li va duyt lnh , lnh chuyn
tin s khng gi c ti ngn hng nu ch c mt ngi duyt (trong phng thc 2 ngi duyt lnh) hoc ngi duyt "k" mt lnh chuyn tin vi s tin vt qu hn mc m ngi c php. Ngoi ra, trong trng hp ngi duyt lnh hay phi i cng tc xa th h vn c th "k" duyt lnh thng qua mt thit b b ti c tn l Watchword. ANZLink cn an ton ch nu ngi s dng nhp mt khu sai 3 ln n s t ng kho, khng cho php ngi truy cp na. V ANZLink ch l mng kt ni gia h thng ngn hng vi my tnh ca tng khch hng, khng thng qua mng Internet nn thng tin v ti khon khch hng c bo m tuyt i an ton. Khng ch c th, ANZLink cn cho php ngi qun l c th theo di c ngy gi truy cp, mc ch truy cp ca tng ngi s dng. Ngy 20/02/2003, nhn dp k nim 10 nm ngy thnh lp ti Vit Nam, ANZ Vit Nam chnh thc cng b sn phm e-banking mi: internet banking. Dch v ny bc u mi ch c cung cp cho cc khch hng l c nhn. Vi dch v internet banking, cc khch hng ca ANZ Vit Nam sau khi ng k s dng c th truy cp vo a ch website www.anz.com xem cc thng tin v ti khon nh s d, cc giao dch trn ti khon, t gi, chuyn tin gia cc ti khon trong cng h thng ANZ Vit Nam, yu cu s sc Trong tng lai khng xa, dch v ny s c cung cp cho cc khch hng l t chc, doanh nghip v tin ti, khch hng s c th thanh ton tin in, tin in thoi, ph bo him qua dch v mi ny. Ch sau hn mt thng khai trng, c hn 1.500 khch hng ng k s dng dch v ny. Trong bui l k nim 10 nm thnh lp Ngn hng ANZ , Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam L c Thu nh gi cao vai tr ca ngn hng ANZ trong h thng ngn hng trong nc. ng cn nhn mnh rng s hp
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tc hn na gia ANZ vi cc ngn hng trong nc trong thi gian ti s thc y s pht trin ca h thng ngn hng Vit Nam.
3. Ngn hng HSBC (The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Hexagon l tn gi ca dch v ngn hng in t ton cu ca tp on HSBC. Hexagon c cung cp ring cho cc khch hng l cng ty. Hexagon l mt trong nhng dch v ngn hng in t hin i v d s dng nht trn th trng hin nay. Hexagon cho php cc khch hng c th thc hin giao dch bt c u, 24 gi trong ngy, 7 ngy trong tun. Vi Hexagon giao dch ngn hng tr nn hiu qu hn, tng chnh xc v an ton, ng thi gim thiu c ri ro. Hin nay cc khch hng ca HSBC 60 quc gia v vng lnh th ang s dng Hexagon, trong c Vit Nam. Tuy nhin hin nay HSBC mi ch cung cp cc dch v ngn hng ti chi nhnh TP H Ch Minh. Hexagon cng c th cung cp cho khch hng nhng dch v tng t nh h thng ANZLink ca ANZ.
V. Nhng tn ti trong qu trnh pht trin e-banking ti Vit Nam hin nay
H thng ngn hng Vit Nam ang c nhng bc pht trin tch cc trong vic trin khai dch v ngn hng in t tng bc hi nhp vi cng ng ti chnh trong l trnh hi nhp quc t. Tuy nhin vn cn mt s tn ti nh sau:
Th nht, mc d dch v ngn hng in t c mt s ngn hng trong nc trin khai nhng vn cha c mt h thng php l hon chnh cho thng mi in t ni chung v dch v ngn hng in t ni ring. Hin nay c mt s vn bn php lut c lin quan n thanh ton in t trong ngn hng nh: Quyt nh 44/Q-TTg ngy 21/03/2002 v vic s dng chng t in t lm chng t k ton hch ton v thanh ton vn ca cc ngn hng v cc t chc khc c thc hin dch v thanh ton. Quyt nh 212/2002/Q-NHNN ngy 20/3/2002 v vic ban hnh qui trnh k thut nghip v thanh ton b tr in t lin ngn hng. Quyt nh 349/2002/Q- NHNN ngy 17/4/2002 v vic ban hnh qui nh v xy dng, cp pht, qun l v s dng m kho bo mt trong h thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng. Quyt nh 543/2002/Q-NHNN ngy 29/5/2002 v vic ban hnh qui nh v xy dng, cp pht, qun l v s dng ch k in t trn chng t in t trong thanh ton in t lin ngn hng. Tuy nhin vn cn thiu cc vn bn php lut qui nh v quyn v ngha v ca ngn hng v khch hng trong cc dch v ngn hng in t v nhng qui ch gii quyt cc tranh chp nu xy ra c lin quan n loi hnh dch v ny. iu ny tng i d hiu v dch v ngn hng in t vn cn kh mi m ngay c i vi ngn hng cc quc gia pht trin trn th gii, vic xy dng mt h thng php l y i hi phi c thi gian. Th hai, dch v ngn hng in t mi ch c tp trung trin khai ti mt s t ngn hng ln ti Vit Nam. Trong s khong hn 100 ngn hng bao
gm 26 chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi, 6 chi nhnh ph thuc ngn hng nc ngoi, 4 ngn hng lin doanh, 41 vn phng i din t chc tn dng nc ngoi hot ng ti Vit Nam, 6 ngn hng thng mi quc doanh, gn 50 ngn hng c phn, ch c khong 15% l thc s quan tm n dch v ngn hng in t. Nguyn nhn u tin phi k n l thiu vn. Mi dch v ngn hng in t u gn lin vi yu t khoa hc cng ngh v i hi phi c s u t tng i ln v c s vt cht k thut trong khi lng vn ca cc ngn hng trong nc cn rt hn ch. S yu km v thiu ng b trong s pht trin c s vt cht k thut h tng cng lm cn tr phm vi trin khai dch v ngn hng in t ti Vit Nam. Tht kh c th pht trin dch v ngn hng in t khi m internet, truyn hnh k thut s vn cn xa l vi a s ngi dn. Mt l do na khin cho cha nhiu ngn hng trin khai dch v ngn hng in t l ngun nhn lc. thnh cng trong vic a ra sn phm, dch v mi th iu quan trng l i ng nhn vin ngn hng phi l ngi nm vng v c hiu bit su rng v loi sn phm, dch v c kh nng hng dn, gii thch cho cc khch hng cng nh trnh c ri ro, sai st. Hin nay, a s nhn vin cc ngn hng trong nc cn c hiu bit hn ch v cc ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong ngn hng ni chung v dch v ngn hng in t ni ring. Mun vy, cc ngn hng phi b ra mt chi ph khng nh o to i ng nhn vin v iu ny cng i hi phi c thi gian ch khng th thc hin c ngay trong ngy mt ngy hai. Th ba, s lng khch hng quan tm v s dng dch v ngn hng in t cn rt t. Kt qu ca mt cuc iu tra gn y ca Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) cho thy ch c khong 10% s doanh nghip trong tng s 90.000 doanh nghip t ra quan tm n thng mi in t v
dch v ngn hng in t trong c 3% l thc s s dng dch v ny. Hin nay Vit Nam mi ch c mt s t ngi s dng dch v rt tin t ng, mt trong nhng dch v ngn hng in t n gin v ph bin nht trn th gii. Mt trong nhng l do khin cho khch hng e ngi khi s dng dch v ny l nhng phin toi khi b my "nut th" m nguyn nhn phn ln l do khch hng s dng cha ng cch. Mi dch v ngn hng in t u c cung cp da trn c s khch hng m ti khon ti ngn hng trong khi a s khch hng cha c thi quen gi tin vo ti khon. Tm l chung ca c ngi bn ln ngi mua hin nay Vit Nam vn l thch dng tin mt thanh ton do c th nhn thy, s thy c. Thu nhp thp cng l mt nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng khch hng t quan tm n m ti khon cng nh s dng dch v ngn hng in t. Theo thng k ca Ngn hng Nh nc, ti TP H Ch Minh tnh n thng 11/2002 c khong trn 130.000 khch hng c nhn m ti khon giao dch thanh ton, tng trn 32.000 ti khon so vi u nm 2002.3 Tuy nhin so vi s lng dn c v tnh hnh pht trin x hi chung TP H Ch Minh th s ti khon c nhn trn cn qu nh. Ni tm li, c s h tng k thut ngho nn, thiu vn, ngnh ngn hng km pht trin, h thng php lut cha hon thin, lng khch hng qua tm v s dng dch v ngn hng in t cha cao, trnh ca i ng cn b nhn vin ngnh ngn hng ni chung cn nhiu hn ch - l nhng kh khn chnh ca Vit Nam trn con ng p dng v pht trin e-banking. Tuy nhin khng v cc kh khn trn m Vit Nam khng nh hng pht trin e-banking, v nh vy Vit Nam s cng b tt hu v c lp hn.
3 Thi Bo Kinh T Vit Nam s ra ng y 13/11/2002
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Chng III: Cc gii php nhm thc y s pht trin e-banking ti Vit Nam
I. Nhm gii php php l

Hin nay mt s ngn hng tin hnh cc giao dch mng, vy c s php l cho cc giao dch l g ? Nu c tranh chp xy ra lin quan ti cc giao dch in t th s gii quyt nh th no v c quan no s ng ra lm trng ti ? Tng Th k kim Ph Ch tch Hi Tin hc Vit Nam, ng Mai Anh, cho rng thch thc ln nht ca thng mi in t Vit Nam hin nay l cc c quan qun l cha tht s vo cuc. ng Mai Anh cng hi thc Chnh ph phi thnh lp mt c quan chuyn trch v thng mi in t, theo m hnh ca mt s nc lng ging nh Thi Lan, Malaysia, Singapore. "Nm nay c th ban hnh Php lnh Thng mi in t", ng Nguyn Hu Anh, Ph ban son tho Php lnh, cho bit nh vy trong bui hi tho v "Con ng i ti thng mi in t Vit Nam". ng tha nhn tranh chp lin quan n giao dch in t xy ra by gi s khng c c s php l gii quyt. Thc ra, h thng php lut Vit Nam c mt s vn bn php lut cp nhng vn lin quan n thng mi in t. Nh Lut Thng mi quy nh th in t c gi tr php l nh vn bn vit, B Lut Hnh s quy nh mt s ti danh lin quan n vn hnh, khai thc mng my tnh tri php, hay mi y Chnh ph quyt nh cho ngnh ngn hng s dng
chng t in t trong thanh ton ni b Tuy nhin, cc vn bn trn cn s si, cha to khung kh php l y v thng mi in t. Mc d vy khng nn hiu l phi c lut y th mi c thng mi in t. Ngay nh Thi Lan l nc pht trin hn ta nhiu nhng cng mi ban hnh lut v giao dch in t 8 thng trc. Nhn thc c tnh cp thit ca c s php l gii quyt cc tranh chp lin quan n giao dch in t c th xy ra, u nm 2002, Chnh ph giao cho B Thng mi lm u mi xy dng d tho Php lnh Thng mi in t. y s l khung php l c bn cho hnh thc kinh doanh mi ny. n nay, Ban son tho da ra c d tho th t vi nhng ni dung chnh sau: Cng nhn gi tr php l, gi tr chng c ca d liu in t, trong c ch k in t; An ninh mng Hp ng in t v chuyn giao d liu in t Gii quyt tranh chp lin quan n thng mi in t. D kin trong qu I/2003, Ban son tho s bo co Chnh ph v tin chun b vn bn ny, cui nm s trnh U ban Thng v Quc hi v hy vng php lnh s c ban hnh ngay. V thng mi in t l hnh thc kinh doanh ton cu nn khung php l ca Vit Nam cng s phi tng ng vi cc nc khc. U ban v lut thng mi quc t ca Lin hip quc (UNCITRAL) c b lut mu v thng mi in t. H khuyn ngh cc nc nn s dng lut mu ny
m bo s tng ng v khung php l gia cc quc gia, pht huy hiu qu ca thng mi in t cng nh gip gii quyt d dng cc tranh chp, nu c. Khi nghin cu ban hnh Php lnh Thng mi in t, Ban son tho ca Vit Nam tham kho khng nhng cc lut mu ny m cn tham kho thm lut ca nhng nc c truyn thng thng mi in t v gn vi iu kin, hon cnh Vit Nam nh Hn Quc, Singapore, Philipines V vy, d tho hin nay ca ta cn mang mu sc lut nhiu nc. Nhng bc tip theo sau khi ban hnh Php lnh Thng mi in t l Vit Nam v cc nc phi k kt, tham gia cc iu c cng nhn ln nhau v chun mc php l thng mi in t. Tuy nhin, Php lnh ny ch l vn bn gc, ban u v thng mi in t. i vo lnh vc chuyn mn, cc ngnh li phi c vn bn ring. V d nh Ngn hng Nh nc phi xy dng ngh nh v thanh ton in t, Ban C yu Chnh ph phi c ngh nh v bo mt, mt m Mt vn v cng quan trng m cc ngn hng lun phi quan tm khi trin khai dch v ngn hng in t l bo v b mt thng tin khch hng. Trong thi gian gn y, mt s ngn hng thng mi ca Vit Nam bt u th nghim v a vo thc hin cung cp mt s dch v ngn hng thng qua mng Internet. Cng vi s pht trin nh v bo ca cng ngh thng tin, cng ngh Internet, s gia tng lng ngi s dng Internet ti Vit Nam th vic cc ngn hng thng mi chun b v cung cp dch v ngn hng thng qua mng Internet l mt hng i ng n v tt yu. Qua , ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam dn tip cn vi cng ngh hot ng ca ngn hng hin i, dch v ngn hng in t. Thng qua dch v ngn hng in t, khch hng ca ngn hng c c hi tip cn cc dch v ngn hng mt cch tt hn, tit kim c thi gian v chi ph. Vn t ra l vi trnh cng ngh, php l hin hnh ti Vit
Nam, mi quan h gia hot ng ngn hng in t vi vic gi b mt thng tin ca khch hng cn phi c xem xt nh th no. Gi b mt thng tin tin gi v ti sn gi ca khch hng l ngha v ca ngn hng thng mi. Theo qui nh ti Ngh nh 70/2000/N-CP ngy 21/11/2000 ca Chnh ph v gi b mt, lu gi v cung cp thng tin lin quan n ti sn v tin gi ca khch hng th cc t chc tn dng c ngha v gi b mt tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng ti t chc tn dng, bao gm tin gi ng Vit Nam, ngoi t di cc hnh thc (tin gi khng k hn, c k hn, tit kim,), ti sn gi ca khch hng nh cc giy t c gi, quyn s hu ti sn theo qui nh ca php lutcng nh cc thng tin c lin quan n tin gi ca khch hng bao gm s hiu ti khon, mu ch k ca ch ti khon hoc ngi c ch ti khon u quyn, cc thng tin v doanh s hot ng v s d ti khon, cc thng tin lin quan n giao dch gi, rt tin, chuyn tin v ti sn ca khch hng; ni dung cc vn bn, giy t, ti liu; tn v mu ch k ca ngi gi tin v ti sn. Trn c s xc nh cc thng tin v tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng m cc t chc tn dng c trch nhim phi gi b mt, php lut cn c qui nh trnh t, th tc cht ch trong vic cung cp cc thng tin v tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng. Theo , t chc tn dng ch c cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng trong nhng trng hp: Theo yu cu ca khch hng hoc ngi c khch hng u quyn theo qui nh ca php lut, phc v hot ng ni b ca t chc nhn tin gi v ti sn gi ca khch hng, theo yu cu bng vn bn ca Tng Gim c t chc bo him tin gi, theo yu cu bng vn bn ca cc c quan Nh nc trong qu trnh thanh tra, iu tra, truy t, xt x, thi hnh n thuc thm quyn theo qui nh ca php lut.
Trong trng hp cung cp thng tin cho c quan Nh nc c thm quyn, vic cung cp thng tin ch c thc hin khi c vn bn yu cu ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn cng cc ti liu lin quan trong xc nh r: L do cn cung cp thng tin, cc thng tin cn cung cp (nu c th loi thng tin v tn khch hng); thi hn cung cp thng tin; a im cung cp thng tin. Vic cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng trong trng hp ny phi c lp thnh bin bn, trong xc nh r: Thi gian cung cp thng tin; a im cung cp thng tin; ni dung chi tit cc thng tin cung cp; phm vi s dng cc thng tin c cung cp; ngi i din cho bn cung cp v bn c cung cp thng tin; nhng ngi tham gia vo vic cung cp v c cung cp thng tin, ngi lm chng (nu c). Lin quan n vic cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi theo yu cu ca khch hng, Quyt nh s 1004/2001/Q-NHNN ngy 8/8/2001 ca Ngn hng Nh nc cho php t chc tn dng qui nh qui trnh cung cp hoc tha thun vi khch hng phng thc cung cp c th. Thng thng, vic cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi cho khch hng c thc hin theo phng thc giao dch trc tip. nhn thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi, khch hng n ngn hng yu cu v nhn thng tin trc tip. Phng thc giao dch ny c u im l thng qua cc bng chng v ch k, chng minh th, c xut trnh khi giao dch, ngn hng thng mi c th xc nh c chnh xc ngi yu cu cung cp thng tin tin gi v ti sn gi chnh l khch hng c lin quan ca mnh hoc ngi c ngi ny u quyn (nu ngh cung cp thng tin theo u quyn), t thc hin chuyn giao thng tin mt cch chnh xc.
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Trn c s qui nh php lut hin hnh v qui trnh cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng hin ang c p dng c th thy rng: Vic cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi phi bo m tun theo qui trnh cht ch, bo m nguyn tc: Cung cp, tip cn, chuyn giao thng tin chnh xc i tng, ng thm quyn ca bn yu cu cung cp thng tin. Vi vic Ngn hng Nh nc m rng, cho php t chc tn dng c qui nh qui trnh hoc tho thun vi khch hng v qui trnh, phng thc cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi, vic cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng thng qua mng Internet c tin php l thc hin. Vn t ra l, trong iu kin hin nay, khi s lng cc v xm nhp tri php vo h thng mng Internet ngy cng nhiu, bo mt ca h thng thng tin lun l vn c tt c cc nc trn th gii quan tm th vic a, cung cp thng tin thuc danh mc b mt ca khch hng thng qua mng Internet c thc s bo m an ton ? Liu ngn hng thng mi c quyn n phng t mnh qui nh theo cho php kt ni, cung cp thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi ca khch hng qua mng Internet m khng cn s chp thun no t pha khch hng ? Cc ngn hng c phi tun th theo cc nguyn tc, iu kin, tiu chun no khi thc hin cung cp dch v ngn hng in t, cung cp dch v ngn hng thng qua mng Internet ? lm r cc vn ny i hi phi xc nh c s an ton ca vic cung cp thng tin thng qua mng Internet, cc tiu chun an ton khi giao dch qua mng Internet, cc yu cu i vi qui trnh, cch thc giao dch, cung cp thng tin qua mng Internet theo bo m ng i tng,
ng yu cu tng t cch thc giao dch trc tip, truyn thng v yu cu ca php lut. Trong hot ng giao dch ngn hng in t, vn m bo an ton, b mt thng tin ni chung, thng tin tin gi ni ring l mt trong nhng vn mang tnh then cht. Thc t cho thy, khng t trng hp h thng mng thng tin ca h thng ngn hng b xm nhp v ti sn, thng tin ca khch hng ti ngn hng b lm dng gy thit hi khng nh cho ngn hng v khch hng ca ngn hng. Mt v d c th l ngy 18/2, hai cng ty th ln nht th gii l Visa v Mastercard cho bit, mt tay hacker truy cp c vo hn 5 triu ti khon tn dng ca khch hng s dng th Visa v Mastercard ti M, trong hn 2 triu ti khon khch hng b xm nhp l ca Mastercard v hn 3 triu l ca Visa. Nu s th tn dng v m s ca khch hng b hacker bit c th ti khon ca h c th s b chng s dng mt cch bt hp php. Tuy nhin c Visa v Mastercard u khng c iu khon bo v quyn li ca khch hng trong trng hp nh th ny, do nhng khch hng ny ang phi i ph vi nguy c mt tin rt cao. Pht ngn vin ca Mastercard cho bit cng ty ny s tin hnh i th cho khch hng mc d iu ny c ngha l Mastercard s phi b ra chi ph kh ln. Mt v d na l mi y nht ti Vit Nam, Website ca Vietcombank b tn cng v tm dng cung cp dch v trong 1 ngy. iu ny cho thy s cp thit v bo m an ton, bo mt h thng thng tin. Vi thc trng ny, cc ngn hng khi thc hin kt ni, giao dch ngn hng qua mng Internet phi c s chun b k lng, c bin php, chnh sch r rng v chin lc bo m an ton, b mt thng tin, bo m an ton mng thng tin. Mt h thng thng tin bo m an ton, bo mt thng tin phi p ng c nguyn tc cn bn l: m bo tnh tin cy HTTP://SINHVIENNGANHANG.COM - 88 -
Thng tin khng b truy cp tri php bi nhng ngi khng c thm quyn; m bo tnh nguyn vn - Thng tin khng th b sa i, lm gi bi nhng ngi khng c thm quyn; m bo tnh sn sng - Thng tin lun sn sng p ng nhu cu ca ngi c thm quyn; m bo khng th t chi - Thng tin phi bo m c cam kt v mt php lut bi ngi cung cp. Theo nhng nghin cu gn y v bo mt thng tin th c nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau dn n khng an ton mng thng tin. Cc nguyn nhn bao gm: Thng tin, d liu b tip cn, xm nhp trn ng truyn Internet; s thiu cn trng ca cc nhn vin ngn hng trong vic thc thi chnh sch bo mt; s thiu cn trng ca khch hng giao dch; h thng thit b thiu an ton; li phn mmNh vy, bo m nhng nguyn tc, yu cu v bo mt, m bo an ton thng tin, mng thng tin i hi cc ngn hng phi c chnh sch bo mt khoa hc, thng nht v phi c thc hin ng b v trn tt c cc kha cnh: bo mt trong mng cc b ca ngn hng, qun tr mng Internet, nng cao cng ngh, thit b bo mt (thng qua s dng tng la (firewall) bng phn mm, phn cng), nng cao hiu bit, trch nhim ca nhn vin trong vic thc hin chnh sch bo mt, kim tra, khc phc cc li phn mm, m ho thng tin Bn cnh , qui trnh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t: Cp tn giao dch v m s, sa i tn giao dch v m s, phng thc truyn, chuyn giao, gi thng tin, lin quan n tn giao dch v m s ng vai tr rt quan trng trong bo mt thng tin, giao dch ngn hng in t. Trn thc t hin nay, dch v ngn hng trn mng Internet c thc hin theo phng thc tng t nh phng thc giao dch trn mng Internet thng thng. l, vic bo mt v xc thc giao dch trn mng Internet c thc hin thng qua tn giao dch (User name) v m s (Password).
Khi khch hng c thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t vi ngn hng th s c ngn hng cp cho tn giao dch v m s thc hin giao dch v c t mnh thay i m s m bo an ton. Vic kim tra, xc thc khch hng khi giao dch ngn hng in t c thc hin thng qua vic kim tra, xc thc tn giao dch v m s ca khch hng tng t nh giao dch vi cc nh cung cp dch v Internet. Phng thc giao dch ny c li th l tn dng c c s cng ngh hin hnh, khng i hi khch hng phi nng cp, b sung thm thit b bo mt v hn na to c s quen thuc i vi nhng ngi ang s dng dch v Internet hin nay. im bt li ln nht ca phng thc giao dch ny l kh nng b gi mo v tn giao dch v m s tng i cao. Tn giao dch v m s khi c truyn i trn mng Internet c th b tip cn, xm nhp v k gi mo c th s dng thng tin ny tip cn cc dch v ngn hng in t, thng tin tin gi, ti sn gi ti ngn hng. Hin ti, cc Website ca ngn hng u s dng vic m ho thng tin theo chun SSL (Secure Socket Layer) khc phc kh nng xm nhp thng tin trn ng truyn. Tn giao dch v m s cn c th b tit l do s thiu an ton trong qu trnh cp, sa i, chuyn giao tn giao dch v m s, c bit trong cc giao dch t xa. Vic thit lp giao dch ngn hng qua mng Internet - yu cu cp tn giao dch v m s (ban u) c th thc hin theo hai phng thc: giao dch trc tip v giao dch t xa (giao dch qua mng Internet hoc giao dch qua in thoi). a) Phng thc giao dch trc tip
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Vi phng thc giao dch trc tip, thng qua vic khch hng trc tip n ngn hng, ngn hng c th kim tra chng minh th, ch k, giy u quyn (trong trng hp giao dch c u quyn), t ngn hng c th xc nh c thm quyn ca ngi ang giao dch, t bo m chc chn vic giao dch, chuyn giao thng tin, d liu - trong trng hp ngh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t l tn giao dch v m s (ban u) - c chnh xc, ng i tng, ng thm quyn. b) Phng thc giao dch t xa qua mng Internet Trong trng hp khch hng thc hin ngh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t thng qua mng Internet, ngn hng s c mt s kh khn trong vic kim tra, xc thc khch hng do thiu cc phng tin truyn thng nh ch k, chng minh th,(c bit trong iu kin hin nay, Vit Nam cha p dng ch k in t). Trong trng hp ny, thng thng cc ngn hng xc nh khch hng thng qua vic yu cu khch hng in y vo mu (form) ngh giao dch ngn hng in t v gi n ngn hng, trong mu ny c nhng thng tin m ch khch hng v ngn hng mi c th bit (thng thng l m s b mt). Tham chiu trng hp c th Cc thng tin Vietcombank yu cu khch hng in vo mu (form) ngh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t gm: Tn ngi m ti khon, s, ngy chng minh th, a ch, s in thoi, s ti khon, loi ti khon, a ch email, s Zip. im ng lu l: Trong s cc thng tin ny th cc thng tin nh tn ngi m ti khon, s, ngy chng minh th, a ch, s in thoi, s ti khon, loi ti khon, a ch email u l cc thng tin cng khai v hu nh i tc ca khch hng u c th bit thng qua cc ln giao dch vi khch hng. Ch c thng tin v m s Zip
th dng nh ch c ngn hng v khch hng bit nn khng c qui nh buc ngn hng v khch hng c trch nhim gi b mt m s Zip ny. Mt khc, m s ny khng ch s dng cho khch hng trong giao dch m ti khon tin gi, giao dch m cn s dng trong c cc mu giao dch lin quan n tin gi tit kim. Nh vy, kh nng b l m s Zip ny kh cao (cha k n kh nng thng tin b tip cn trn ng truyn). Nh vy, kh nng b gi mo trong vic ngh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t trong trng hp giao dch qua mng Internet l kh cao n cc thng tin cc ngn hng s dng xc nh khch hng khng m bo tnh ring bit, khng c bo mt mt cch y . Sau khi c ngn hng chp nhn ngh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t, ngn hng s gi thng bo cho khch hng trong cung cp cho khch hng tn giao dch v m s (ban u) giao dch v khch hng c khuyn ngh thay i m s m bo an ton. Vic cp tn giao dch v m s (ban u) c th thc thin thng qua phng php gi th giy, song hin nay thun tin mt s ngn hng thng cung cp thng tin ny bng chuyn th in t (email). Trong trng hp ca Vietcombank, vic cp tn giao dch v m s (ban u) c thc hin bng vic gi email ti a ch th in t c in trong mu ngh gi ti ngn hng. Vic chuyn thng tin tn giao dch v m s giao dch bng email l khng bo m an ton do kh nng b xm nhp, c trm email l kh cao. Theo cc chuyn gia v mng Internet th thng tin gi thng qua email thng khng bo m an ton v mt bo mt v d dng b thm nhp, tip cn thng tin trn ng truyn hoc bi nh qun tr mng Internet.
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Lin quan n vic sa cha, thay i, cung cp li tn giao dch v m s (trong trng hp qun m s), to thun li cho khch hng, cc ngn hng cng cho php thc hin yu cu thng qua mng Internet. Qui trnh yu cu, kim tra, xc thc yu cu t khch hng v cung cp cc sa i cng tng t nh qui trnh thit lp giao dch qua mng Internet trnh by trn y. Sau khi c tn giao dch v m s, khch hng c th thit lp giao dch v tip cn cc thng tin lin quan n tin gi, ti sn gi ti ngn hng. Qua vic xem xt qui trnh thit lp, giao dch ngn hng in t trn y c th thy rng vic kim tra, xc thc khch hng l mt khu rt quan trng m bo thit lp giao dch ng i tng. Bn cnh , vic thit lp phng thc cung cp, chuyn giao thng tin giao dch (tn giao dch, m s) mt cch thn trng l rt cn thit bo m s an ton, tun th theo yu cu bo mt thng tin tin gi ca khch hng theo lut nh. m bo thit lp giao dch ng i tng, trnh s gi mo trong ngh thit lp giao dch ngn hng in t, trnh vic cp tn giao dch, m s giao dch sai i tng, trnh vic tip cn, xm nhp, tit l tn giao dch, m s giao dch trong qu trnh truyn tin, cc ngn hng cn phi: 1. Xc nh chnh xc thng tin, d liu m khch hng phi in vo mu (form) gi cho ngn hng, bo m thng qua cc thng tin c th xc nh chnh xc c khch hng ca mnh. Trong trng hp s dng m s b mt (nh m Zip m Vietcombank p dng) nhn bit khch hng th cn xc nh r trch nhim gi b mt thng tin v m s b mt ny ca c khch hng v nhn vin ngn hng.
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2. La chn hnh thc chuyn giao thng tin v tn giao dch v m s giao dch sao cho thch hp, bo m an ton (nh bng ng th thng hoc ch gi th thng bo tn giao dch v khch hng s lin h li vi ngn hng bng in thoi c cung cp m s giao dch). Vic s dng th in t ch c thc hin khi th in t c m ho, bo mt, bo m an ton, khng b tip cn, c trm trong qu trnh chuyn tin. 3. Bn cnh , giao dch ngn hng in t l loi hnh hot ng tng i mi, c tim n nhiu ri ro. Vic kt ni, giao dch, cung cp thng tin khch hng thng qua mng Internet cng t khch hng vo ri ro v vic thng tin c nhn c th b tit l do s xm nhp tri php. Do vy, cn c thng bo trc cho khch hng bo m: Khch hng hiu r cc ri ro c th pht sinh v thc hin cc bin php bo mt thch hp. Khch hng phi hp cng ngn hng bo m thc hin chnh sch an ton thng tin trn mng. Chp thun, cho php kt ni, giao dch, chuyn giao thng tin qua mng Internet, bo m s an ton, b mt thng tin c nhn ca khch hng. Hot ng ngn hng in t c nhiu u th, vic thit lp v cung cp dch v ngn hng thng qua mng Internet s l tt yu trong thi gian ti. Thng qua , cc ngn hng c th a dng ho hot ng ca mnh, nng cao cnh tranh, gim gi thnh trong hot ng ngn hng v cc khch hng ca ngn hng mnh cng c hng nhng li ch t s hin i ho trong giao dch ngn hng mang li. Tuy nhin, cc vn mang tnh k thut, php l, cc ri ro trong hot ng ny cn phi c cc ngn hng nghin cu k lng bo m an ton khng ch cho ngn hng m cn cho c khch hng ca ngn hng. bo
m an ton thng tin trong hot ng ngn hng in t, bo m gi b mt thng tin tin gi ngn hng khi thc hin giao dch qua mng Internet, cc ngn hng cn c chin lc, chnh sch thng nht v vic bo mt thng tin. Bin php bo mt phi c p dng mt cch ng b, kt hp c v k thut, cng ngh bo mt n vic o to nng cao hiu bit, trch nhim ca nhn vin trong vic bo m b mt, an ton h thng. ng thi, cn kim tra, xy dng qui trnh cht ch trong vic thit lp, cung cp giao dch ngn hng in t gia ngn hng v khch hng, bo m tun th ng n cc qui nh, yu cu php l i vi giao dch ngn hng in t. Hin ti, hot ng ngn hng in t Vit Nam mi ch c gii thiu bng cc giao dch lin quan n cung cp s liu, vn tin ti khon, nhng trong tng lai c th cc ngn hng s thit lp cc giao dch ti khon nh chuyn tin, thanh tonDo vy, trnh ri ro, bo m s thng nht, bnh ng gia cc ch th cn c khung php l thng nht iu chnh hot ng ny. V nguyn tc, c th trao quyn cc ngn hng ch ng qui nh, tho thun vi khch hng v cc phng thc, cch thc giao dch ngn hng in t, song lut php cng cn c qui nh khung mang tnh nguyn tc theo a ra cc chun mc v xc thc giao dch, khch hng, chun mc an ton h thng ng dng cng ngh thc hin giao dch in t hin vn c th lm c, nhng kh khn l thiu nhng bin php x l ri ro nu c. V d nh gi s do mng b virus xo d liu giao dch th tranh chp gia khch hng, ngn hng c x l th no ? Mt l do khc l vic ng dng ny cng i hi c s h tng vin thng, cng ngh thng tin cng
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cn c nhng pht trin song song. Bng khng, vic ng dng cng ngh tin tin trong lnh vc ngn hng s cn nhiu tr ngi.
II. Nhm gii php c s vt cht k thut

Kh khn u tin v hu nh ngn hng trong nc no cng gp phi trong chin lc thc y s pht trin ca e-banking Vit Nam l s hn ch v vn. Ch so vi cc ngn hng trong khu vc, s vn m cc ngn hng vo loi ln trong nc c cn rt nh b, iu ny cng nh hng khng nh n s pht trin e-banking Vit Nam v e-banking l dch v hin i, n gn lin vi cng ngh v phi c mt c s h tng ph hp th mi c th trin khai c. khc phc hn ch ny, mt s ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam nh Ngn hng TMCP Phng ng, Ngn hng TMCP Phng Nam, Ngn hng TMCP ng , Ngn hng TMCP Si gn Cng Thng ngh ln Ngn hng Nh nc c thnh lp Cng ty c phn th. Mi y, Ngn hng Nh nc chp thun cho cc ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam c php gp vn thnh lp Cng ty c phn th. Cc ngn hng ny phi c tnh hnh ti chnh lnh mnh, c iu kin theo quy nh hin hnh v vic pht hnh, s dng v thanh ton th. Cc chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi, lin doanh ti Vit Nam cng c tham gia gp vn vo Cng ty c phn th vi t cch thnh vin. Tuy nhin, loi hnh ny cha c quy nh trong Lut cc t chc tn dng. V vy, Ngn hng Nh nc s phi xem xt trnh Chnh ph cho php thc hin th im.
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Hin nay, Ban tr b thnh lp "Cng ty c phn Th tn dng v Dch v ngn hng" (Cng ty CPTTD-DVNH) chnh thc trnh Ngn hng Nh nc d n thnh lp cng ty. Theo d n ny, s c 8 ngn hng thng mi c phn v 1 cng ty ti chnh gp vn thnh lp Cng ty CPTTDDVNH. Cc lnh vc kinh doanh chnh ca cng ty l pht hnh th tn dng ni a, th tn dng quc t, trang thit b cc my rt tin t ng v cc dch v khc phc v cho cc thnh vin cng nh cc ngn hng khng phi l thnh vin ca cng ty. Vn iu l d kin ca cng ty s l 2 triu USD, s vn gp ca mi thnh vin l ngang nhau. Vic thnh lp Cng ty CPTTD-DVNH s cho php cc t chc tn dng thnh vin khc phc c hn ch v vn. Theo , cc ngn hng s s dng chung mt gii php cng ngh, xy dng gii php tin hc ngn hng bn l trin khai ti cc ngn hng. Trn c s xy dng chung h thng th, thanh ton lin ngn hng, thng mi in t s dng cho cc ngn hng thnh vin trong cng ty. Mt khc, h thng ny cng cho php mi ngn hng c cc chng trnh pht trin th v marketing ring. Cc ngn hng h thng lin ngn hng ni b t ng, tng cng dch v thanh ton, chuyn tin nhanh, gim ph thanh ton, ti u v thanh ton cho mi ngn hng, mi chi nhnh, bn cho cc sn phm ca nhau thng qua cc hnh thc i l khuyn mi ring thu ht khch hng, nng cao hot ng th ca mnh.
III. Nhm gii php o to ngun nhn lc

Mt trong nhng ro cn tng i ln trong tin trnh hi nhp ca cc ngn hng thng mi v lnh vc dch v l ngn ng (ting Anh). Ting Anh l ngn ng chnh ca cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t. Tt c cc phn mm v giao dch thng mi in t c v s pht
trin sau ny u dng ting Anh v n s gn lin vi mi dch v m cc ngn hng thng mi cung cp cho khch hng trong tin trnh hi nhp. Trong khi , s lng cn b bit ting Anh v mt s ngn ng ch yu khc ( mc nghin cu v t lm vic) trong cc ngn hng thng mi v k c ngn hng nh nc ch tp trung ch yu vo mt b phn rt nh chuyn cng tc i ngoi, cn li hu nh phi nh n "phin dch". R rng y l mt ro cn khng phi nh nu cc ngn hng thng mi mun m rng lnh vc nghin cu, m rng th trng, hay th nghim v ng dng cc sn phm mi ca cc nc c nn kinh t th trng pht trin va hot ng ca ngn hng mnh th chc chn s gp khng t kh khn, nht l trong iu kin cc sn phm dch v kt tinh ngy mt nhiu hn yu t ca nn kinh t tr thc. Cng ngh thng tin tuy c cc Ngn hng ch trng u t nhng so vi nhu cu hi nhp th vn cha p ng c. Mt khc, nhiu ngn hng mong mun m rng u t nhng li b hn ch v ngun vn hoc cha o to kp thi nhng chuyn vin c trnh s dng thnh tho cng ngh ny. iu ny i hi cc ngn hng thng mi trong nc cn phi n lc hn na v phi c chin lc o to nhn lc c th, ph hp. Cc ngn hng nn tin hnh o to i ng nhn vin di nhiu hnh thc t hiu qu. C th c cc nhn vin u t ra nc ngoi d cc kho o to chuyn mn, hc hi cng ngh mi nhng nhn vin ny tr thnh nhng "ht ging" v truyn li kin thc v kinh nghim c c cho cc nhn vin trong nc. i vi nhng kin thc c bn h tr cho cng vic nh ting Anh hay kin thc v Internet, cc ngn hng c th mi cc gio vin nc ngoi hoc cc chuyn gia gii trong nc v o to ti ch...Ngoi ra, ngn hng cng nn khuyn khch hnh thc t hc qua ti liu, phn mm o to v hnh thc ny khng i hi chi ph tn km m li hiu qu.
IV. Nhm gii php tng cng hp tc quc t

Chng ta c li th l ngi i sau nn cn phi bit tn dng c hi "i tt, n u" nhm bt kp vi s pht trin chung ca cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii. lm c iu ny, chng ta cn tng cng hp tc vi cc t chc ngn hng, tn dng nc ngoi hc hi kinh nghim. Chnh ph ta lun ch to iu kin v mi trng thun li cho cc t chc ti chnh ngn hng nc ngoi vo u t ti Vit Nam. Chnh iu ny s to nn mi trng cnh tranh tch cc nhm a ra cc sn phm, dch v mi hin i thu ht khch hng. Khng nhng th, cc t chc ngn hng nc ngoi cn thng xuyn hp tc vi Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam m cc kho o to ngn hn cho i ng cn b ch cht ca cc ngn hng trong nc trao i kinh nghim v chuyn giao cng ngh. Ngoi ra, cc cuc hi tho quc t c t chc nh k nh hi tho Banking Vietnam vi s gp mt ca cc ngn hng v cc cng ty ln trn th gii v lnh vc cng ngh thng tin, ti chnh, bo him cng to c hi tt cc ngn hng trong nc tip cn vi nhng cng ngh hin i v tm ra i tc thch hp pht trin cc loi dch v ngn hng. Vo hai ngy mng 8 v 9/5/2003 sp ti, cuc hi tho Banking Vietnam 2003 ln th 2 do IDG World Expo t chc s din ra ti khch sn Melia vi hn 1.000 i biu tham gia. y l cuc hi tho ln nht v ngn hng din ra hng nm, ch nm nay l "H thng thanh ton v m rng cc dch v ti chnh ngn hng cho nn kinh t ang pht trin Vit Nam"
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Hi tho ln ny s c s tham gia ca B Ti chnh, cc ngn hng thng mi (Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam, Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam, Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam, Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn Vit Nam), cc Cng ty Bo him v cc cng ty Cng ngh Thng tin. Hi tho s tp trung vo cc vn lin quan n hin i ho cng ngh ngn hng, pht trin h thng thanh ton in t, s dng e-signature (phn mm k tn in t) nh mt cng c php l c s trong vic pht trin h thng thanh ton bng in t, ti u ho h thng phn mm qun l quan h khch hng (CRM) v xy dng h tng cho hot ng ngn hng in t, nhng yu t quan trng trong vic pht trin dch v th/h thng ATM. Ngoi ra, 25 gian hng s trng by nhng cng ngh v dch v mi ca mt s hng Cng ngh thng tin ln nh Intel, HP, IBM, Getronics Ti hi tho ln ny, nhiu din gi ni ting trong nc cng nh nc ngoi s trnh by mi kha cnh ca ngnh ngn hng th gii nhm a n cc i biu thng tin cp nht v tnh hnh pht trin ngn hng in t trn th gii v nhng vin cnh cng nh nhng la chn h m cho ngnh ngn hng ti Vit Nam.
V. Nhm gii php nng cao nhn thc x hi

pht trin thng mi in t ni chung v e-banking ni ring, chng ta cn cn quan tm n vic nng cao trnh nhn thc ca qun chng nhn dn v c bit l cc doanh nghip v vn ny. Qu tht, thng mi in t Vit Nam cn vp phi nhiu kh khn khc nm ngoi phm vi kinh t v k thut. Vi mt nc m 80% dn s l nng dn, mc sng, iu kin tip cn thng tin v cng ngh mi cha cao th ph cp cng ngh thng tin cng cn l bi ton nan gii ch cha ni n thng
mi in t. Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi thp dn n sc mua yu l l ng nhin. Trong mt thp k qua, s lng my tnh s dng cng nh s lng ngi truy cp Internet tng ln ng k, nhng hin cng mi ch c vi trm doanh nghip c website ring qung b cho n v, sn phm, dch v ca mnh. Kt qu ca mt cuc thng k mi y cho thy, ch 3% trong s khong 90.000 doanh nghip Vit Nam trin khai thng mi in t, 7% bt u tip cn, cn li cha quan tm, khng hiu thng mi in t l g. y ang l thc trng ca Thng mi in t Vit Nam. Do , ngoi vic xy dng khun kh php l, vic tuyn truyn v cc li ch m thng mi in t mang li, c bit khi hi nhp quc t, cng rt quan trng. Tuy nhin cn trnh pht trin thng mi in t theo kiu phong tro, "u voi ui chut" trnh lng ph. Cn c mi trng thun li khi khung kh php l c ban hnh, c iu kin k thut cn thit l doanh nghip c th khai thc thng mi in t c ngay, khng mt thi gian tip cn na.
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KT LUN
Dch v ngn hng in t Vit Nam mi ang trong giai on u ca s pht trin. Trc mt cn rt nhiu kh khn, thch thc cn phi vt qua, song vic pht trin dch v ngn hng mi m ny l hng i ng n ca cc ngn hng Vit Nam. Khng nhng n gp phn y mnh s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho ngnh ngn hng m cn gip Vit Nam tng bc vng chc chun b cho tin trnh hi nhp vo nn kinh t ca khu vc v th gii. Ngay t by gi chng ta cn phi xem xt ra chin lc v l trnh ph hp trin khai thnh cng dch v ngn hng in t ti Vit Nam. C nh th, cc ngn hng Vit Nam mi khng mt th phn trn chnh th trng ni a. Mc d ht sc c gng nhng do ti cn kh mi, cha c nhiu ti liu tham kho v thi gian hn ch nn chc chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Ti rt mong nhn c kin nhn xt, ng gp ca cc thy c gio v bn c nhng bi vit sau v ti ny hon thin hn. Ti xin chn thnh cm n.
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TI LIU THAM KHO

Tp ch Ngn hng s 1+2 v 3 nm 2003 Tp ch Ngn hng s Chuyn 2003 v Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam Bo Thi Bo Ngn hng s 26 ra ngy 28/3/2003 Bo Thi Bo Kinh t s ra ngy 13/11/2002 Ti liu "ANZ Vit Nam - Dch v Ngn hng in t"- 2002 Ti liu "ANZLink - Control of your banking from your office"- 2000 Thng tin t trang web ca Ngn hng Th gii ti Vit Nam : http://www.worldbank.org.vn Thng tin t trang web ca C quan Kim sot Tin t Hoa k : http://www.occ.treas.gov
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KT LUN ..... 94 TI LIU THAM KHO ..... 95

Chng I: Gii thiu khi qut v e-banking

Cc loi sn phm, dch v e-banking

Th Visa Cash mang biu tng nh sau:

Chng II: Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti Vit Nam

Tnh hnh trin khai e-banking ti Vit Nam ni chung

Thi Bo Ngn h ng s ra ng y 26-28/03/2003

Connaught Investors Ltd (thuc tp on Jardine Matheson)

LG Investment & Securities Co. Ltd. Dragon Financial Holdings Ltd.

2. Thng tin v ti khon c nhn:

Ni dung cc thng tin Ngn hng c th cung cp ti khch hng gm c:

i tng, iu kin v th tc pht hnh th:

Gio s, ging vin cc trng i hc Bc s, lut s

iu kin pht hnh:

Th tc pht hnh th:

Th chun chnh: 100.000 VND 50.000 VND

3 Thi Bo Kinh T Vit Nam s ra ng y 13/11/2002

I. Nhm gii php php l

II. Nhm gii php c s vt cht k thut

III. Nhm gii php o to ngun nhn lc

IV. Nhm gii php tng cng hp tc quc t

V. Nhm gii php nng cao nhn thc x hi

TI LIU THAM KHO

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