ASIAPAC RENEWABLE ENERGY CORP.

Mr. Samuel Lee

UPPER TALUBIN MINI-HYDRO PROJECT

Brgy. Beyyo, Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province

Upper Talubin River

FEASIBILITY STUDY
INTERIM ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS REPORT
As of September 2010
Prepared By:

CHAPTER 1.0
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1.0: INTRODUCTION AND HIGHLIGHTS OF THE STUDY 1.0 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION Intent of the Final Study Report This interim activities and results report on the conduct of feasibility study for the Upper Talubin run-off river hydropower project, is in compliance with the Comprehensive Feasibility Study (FS) consultancy services between Asiapac Renewable Energy Coporation and Vergel3 Consult. Initial study activities commenced last July 2010 1.1.2 Contents of Final interim Study Report The interim FS work for the period from the start of work to September 2010 are as follows: For the CFS Preparation: 1. Completion of the feasibility level ground topographic surveys and cross sections and profile measurements of the Upper Talubin r river from upstream of the main weir and onwards to the downstream location of the powerhouse traversing to a length of about 5,000 lineal meters, using a Total Station survey instrument and the consequential planning of the mini-hydro systems including the access road by examination of the contours as embodied in Chapter 1.0 2. Completion of the social acceptance surveys and socio-environmental surveys related to mini-hydro development- Chapter 2.0; 3. Completion of the power market survey and analysis Chapter 3.0; 4. Ongoing hydrologic study using multiple river correlation employing various acceptable regression techniques including the required field measurements of flow, viz 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Point rainfall derivation and rainfall pattern analysis

Flow-duration analysis to derive the dependable flows for power generation Peak discharge analysis Completion of the establishment of vertical staff gage at a few meters downstream of the weir location along Inabasan river and completion of the daily actual water flow measurements and vertical gage calibration process as

required by the Department of Energy; The above hydrological details are all embodied in Chapter 4.0 of this second report 5. 6. Completion of the geological study and geotechnical investigation and and formulation of recommendations - Chapter 5.0; Still to be undertaken - outline engineering design such as the analysis of power capacities by discretization of the flow-duration curve, hydraulic water level analysis, design of weir, headrace line, surge tank, penstock, powerhouse, tailrace channel, and electromechanical works with the accompanying plans and details of the structure and facilities - Chapter6.0; Still to be undertaken - Chapter 7.0 on unit cost analysis, quantity take- off of materials that will be needed to construct the project and determination of the project costs and its components; Still to be undertaken - Completion of the financial viability analysis and the evaluation of the projects bankability to include operation and maintenance cost analysis, and determination of the internal rate of return (IRR), unit hydropower generation cost, annual cash flow, formulation of the spread sheet, among other analysis and recommendation as to the projects attractiveness and bankability Chapter 8.0. For the Allied Services: 1. Completes preparation of draft of Department of application for PreDevelopment Service Contract with all the attachments necessary such as the project layout, SEC registration, Consultants profile, Bank certification and other documents required by DOE; 2. Completed presentation before the Beyyo Barangay Council and the Bontoc Municipal Council to secure the endorsement of the subject project as one requirement of the DOE: 3. Still to be undertaken -- preparation of water rights application with supporting documents: 4. Still to be undertaken - preparation of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) necessary for the application for Environmental Compliance Certificate from the DENR.

7.

8.

1.2 MAIN RUN-OFF RIVER HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT PLAN General plan Detailed topographic surveys conducted and completed Pertinent photographs

CHAPTER 2.0:

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION

2. INTRODUCTION This chapter will present the existing socio-environmental conditions within and around the vicinity of the proposed project area. Primarily this section deals with the socio-economic aspect of the communities that will be directly or indirectly affected by the project. It will likewise present the baseline environmental conditions in the project site. The people within and around the project area were given survey form in the attempt to determine the extent of the projects effect on their lives as well as to determine the peoples perception of the proposed project. Field notes were also taken during casual conversation/interviews with various personalities ranging from the local government officials to the ordinary town folks in order to determine the in-depth feeling of the community for the project. While the primary data from the survey form are presented as graphs and tables, the field notation are presented as a narrative description. Specifically, this presentation shall attempt to: ! ! ! ! determine the demographic, social and economic conditions in the proposed area probe in the perception of the stakeholders, who will be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project Identify the baseline condition of the immediate environmental setting within and around the proposed site. Provide indicators which would help the project proponent anticipate potential problems as a result of the proposed project.

2.1.

PROJECTS LOCATION The project is situated in the vicinity of Barangay Bayyo, in the Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province and this project will be referred herein as the Talubin River Mini-Hydro Power Project.
VICINITY MAP OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BONTOC, MOUNTAIN PROVINCE

2.2.

Picture Gallery In and Around the Project Site

A view of Barangay Bay-yo from the View deck approach

The location of the Weir

The Road going to Barangay Bay-yo with the view deck at the left (encircled)

The line of the headrace

The proposed location of the power house

2.3.

ADMINISTRATIVE / POLITICAL BOUNDARIES 2.3.1. Geographical Location Bontoc is a 3rd class municipality and is the capital town of Mountain Province with a total land area of approximately 39,160 hectares. According to the census of 2007, it has a population of 24,798 people in 5,035 households.

A view approaching the Town of Bontoc, Mountain Province

It is located at the heart of the province of the Cordillera range with mean coordinates of 17o 05 latitude and 120o 56 longitude. The municipality is bounded on the north by municipality of Tubo, Abra; on the northeast by Municipality of Sadanga, on the east by municipality of Barlig; on the south by municipality of Banaue and Hungduan, Ifugao; on the southwest by Sabangan Mountain Province and on the west by Sagada, and Besao Mountain Province.

Map of Mountain Province

The town of Bontoc is located approx. 396 km. North of Manila, and 146 km. North of Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet where the Cordillera regional government agencies are instituted. Bontoc is strategically located at the center of the province and being traversed by the Halsema Road and the Banaue-Bontoc Road - both major road arteries in the Cordillera. The town proper can be reached by land transportation through Halsema Road 6 to 8 hours from Baguio City or La Trinidad; 4 to 6 hours from the capital town of Tabuk, Kalinga province; while it takes 4 hours travel time via the Banaue-Bontoc Road from the capital town of Lagawe, Ifugao province.

Bontoc Municipal Hall (2010)

Bontoc has sixteen barangays: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Alab Oriente, Alab Proper, Balili, Bayyo, Bontoc Ili, Caluttit, Caneo, Dalican, 9. Gonogon, 10. Guina-ang, 11. Mainit, 12. Maligcong, 13. Poblacion, 14. Samoki, 15. Talubin, and 16. Tocucan.

The farthest barangays from Poblacion are Bay-yo (18 km), Mainit (18 km), Gonogon (15 km), and Guina-ang (15 km).

2.3.2. Political Subdivision The municipality covers a land area of 39,160 hectares spread out in 16 barangays, as shown in the following table: Barangay 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Alab Oriente Alab Proper Balili Bayyo Bontoc Ili Caluttit Caneo Dalican Gonogon Guina-ang Mainit Maligcong Poblacion Samoki Talubin Tocucan Total Land Area 447 313 605 5,787 2,469 54 2,491 955 768 1,860 3,480 1,500 61 1,577 5,688 11,105 39,160

Total Land Area

Among the 16 barangays of Bontoc, Barangay Poblacion is considered to be the urban area considering its population, strategic location, and high development potentials, i.e., commercial space, institutional and residential areas. The adjacent barangays of Bontoc Ili, Caluttit and Samoki given their accessibility to the Poblacion and physical contiguity also comprise congested settlements which are urbanizable areas. The existing urban land area of Poblacion has a total of 61 hectares (0.16%) while the rest of the municipality (99.84%) is considered rural.

A view of the town proper (Brgy. Poblacion)

2.4.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.4.1. Land Use Existing General Land Use. Bontoc, Mountain Province Existing Categories 1. Built Up Area/Infrastructure 2. Agricultural Area 3. Forest Area 4. Water Bodies Total Land Area (Has) 582.40 13,426.38 25,064.17 87.05 39,160.00 % to Total 1.49 34.29 64.00 0.22 100.00

Source: SAFDZ, Department of Agriculture, Bontoc, Mountain Province.

2.4.2. Topography

Inside the town proper of Bontoc

The highest elevation in the municipality is found in Barangay Mainit at 2028 meters above sea level (ASL) located at the northwestern part of the municipality while the lowest is in Barangay Tocucan at about 900 mts. ASL where all major rivers and creeks drain northward. This means that the municipality is ensconced by mountains with natural exit point in the lowest northeastern.

Elevation per Barangay, Bontoc, Mountain Province. 2002 Barangay Alab Oriente Alab Proper Balili Bayyo Bontoc Ili Caluttit Caneo Dalican Gonogon Guina-ang Mainit Maligcong Poblacion Samoki Talubin Tocucan Average / Total 61 702 222 2,940 5,391 875 5,466 8,165 33,769 102 98 385 19 197 Physiographic Grouping (ha.) Below 1000 318 102 246 Above 1000 129 211 359 5,787 2,084 35 2,294 955 666 1,762 3,480 1,500 Total 447 313 605 5,787 2,469 54 2,491 955 768 1,860 3,480 1,500 61 1,577 5,688 11,105 39,160

Source: Planimetric measurement of Bontoc Elevation Map; NAMRIA 1996.

2.4.3. Slope Classes The slope gradients in the municipality were interpreted from topographic maps based on horizontal distances among contour lines. These are as follows: 8 % 8-18% 18-30% Above 30 % Nearly level to undulating Undulating to moderately sloping Moderately sloping to strongly sloping Steep to very steep

The majority of the total land mass of Bontoc ranges from 18 % to 30 % comprising 88.89 per cent of the total land area. Moderately sloping to strongly sloping areas are found in almost all the barangays especially in settlement areas. The concentration of severe slopes are found in barangays Mainit, Bayyo and Tocucan.

Bontoc Town Proper as seen on the view deck situated at the road going to Mainit Hot Springs. Place further across the river just after the bridge and beyond is Samoki, one of the barangays/barrios of Bontoc, Mountain Province

2.4.4. Soil The soils in Bontoc are of sandstone, shale and karstic limestone origin. The depths and horizons differ according to elevation and slope. This means, the soils can be classified by river terraces, minor stream valley, sedimentary hills and mountains, metasediment and metavolcanic mountain, limestone and volcanic mountain. 2.4.5. Climate The climate in the municipality is classified as Type I where there are pronounced dry and wet seasons dry between the later part of October and the month of April, and wet during the rest of the year. Warmer months are experienced on March and April while cooler months are experienced from November to February. Bontoc is annually visited by typhoons with the highest rainfall gauged during the months of July and September. The Department of Agriculture recorded the average annual rainfall in Bontoc at 180 mm. Average temperature reaches 19.4o C with temperature at its highest in the months of May and June. Average humidity reaches 87.40%.

2.4.6. Geologic Hazards There are several major faults that could affect the municipality, namely: Philippine fault active fault where an earthquake with intensity 7.8 on the Richter scale occurred; the Digdig and Baguio faults are potential earthquake generators being attached as north lateral splices of the Philippine fault. Minor landscape deformations such as joints, fractures, shear and gorge zones are manifestations of past fault activity and intrusion. These major faults (lineaments) found by the Phivolcs in the municipality are presented in the Development Constraints Map. Fault 1 passes through the western flank while Fault 2 on the eastern flank. Major Fault lines of Bontoc. Name of Fault Number of Splice(s) Line Fault 1 Fault 2
Source: Phivolcs, Quezon City. 1999

Traversed Barangays Gonogon, Balili, Bontoc, Guina-ang; and Mainit Bayyo, Talubin, Can-eo, and Tocucan

1 1

2.4.7. Seismicity The municipality lies in an area of high seismicity as it is located where two subduction zones lie, namely: the East Luzon trench 80 kilometers away to the east and Manila Trench to the southwest. The town is located along two fault lines and about a hundred kilometers west of Casiguran Fault. In 1990, a killer earthquake occurred along the Philippines fault. Recurrence of a similar event within the next 50 years is said to be of remote probability. 2.4.8. Hydrologic System The main hydrologic system of Bontoc is the Chico River, which drains along the midsection of the municipality northward to Sadanga, Mountain Province, and towards Kalinga province. The headwaters of the Chico River originate in Sabangan, Mountain Province while the Talubin River has it headwater originating from Ifugao province. The Chico River meanders from Gonogon, Alab, Proper, Bontoc Ili Poblacion, Caluttit and to Tocucan and finally converges with the Cagayan River in Cagayan province, draining to the Babuyan Channel. The total drainage of the river systems is estimated at 51 hectares with an aggregate total of 108 kilometers.

The River System of Bontoc, Mountain Province. June 2002 River System 1. Chico River Tributaries Balitian Creek, Mainit Creeks (3) Amlusong Creek, Malitep Creek Agcoyo Creek Apap Creek (Talubin) Maggang Creek (Talubin) Pasor Creek (Can-eo) Total
Source: The Mountain Province Profile, 1998.

Length (Kms) 16 28 16 16 16 5 5 6 108

Drainage Area (Has) 5 14 8 8 8 2.5 2.5 3 51

2. Talubin River

2.5.

DEMOGRAPHIC 2.5.1. Population The total population of Bontoc, as of year 2000, was 22,308 persons implying an absolute increase of 1,116 persons, or about .57%, over the 1995 census count of 21,192. This increased is lower than the annual growth rate during the previous 1990-1995 intercensal period. The household population, excluding institutional members of the household, is 21,093 in 1995 and 21,925 in 2000. This pegged an increase of 1,215 persons, or about 0.79%. The average density in censal year 1990 is 4.13 which increased by 1.66 in 1995 to 5.5.79 and slightly decreased to 4.43 in year 2000.

Population, Household Population and Number of Household by Barangay Municipality of Bontoc 2000 Population Number of Household Barangay Urban Rural Urban Rural 1. Alab Oriente 619.00 136 2. Alab Proper 937.00 202 3. Balili 317.00 79 4. Bayyo 505.00 132 5. Bontoc Ili 4,560.00 975 6. Caluttit 1,494.00 324 7. Caneo 600.00 140 8. Dalican 1,149.00 224 9. Gonogon 775.00 185 10. Guina-ang 1,490.00 364 11. Mainit 1,162.00 278 12. Maligcong 713.00 173 13. Poblacion 3,064.00 682 14. Samoki 2,042.00 485 15. Talubin 1,682.00 373 16. Tocucan 1,199.00 283 Total 22308 5035 2.5.2. Projected Population and Households by Barangay The municipality of Bontoc had a total number of households of 4,290 in censal year 1990, which decreased to 3,663 in 1995, and grew to 5035 in 2000. The total household population for censal year 2000 is 22,086. Projected Population and Number of Household At 1 Year interval for 10 Years Municipality of Bontoc Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Projections No. of HHs 5996 6352 6729 7128 7551

Total Population 28,090 29,756 31,521 33,391 35,371

HH Population 27608 29245 30980 32818 34764

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

37,469 39,692 42,046 44,540 47,181

7998 8473 8975 9508 10072

36826 39011 41324 43775 46371

Source: NSO 2000, MPDO Computation

2.6.

Social Framework 2.6.1. Literacy of the Population Literacy of Household Population 10 Years Old And Over By Age Group, And Sex Municipality of Bontoc 2000 Age Group, Sex Both Sexes 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 and over
Source: NSO 2000

Household Pop'n 17,045 2,639 2,291 1,884 1,535 1,541 1,369 1,171 869 819 719 690 533 985

Literate 14,153 2,435 2,239 1,826 1,453 1,431 1,274 1,003 725 612 399 170 310 276

Illiterate 2,892 204 52 58 82 110 95 168 144 207 320 520 223 709

The estimated total population of the municipality of Bontoc within the 10 and over years old reached 17,045 for censual year 2000. Of this number, 14,152 persons (83.03 %) considered literate while 2,892 (16.97%) are considered illiterate.

Based on the NSCO definition on literacy, which is the ability to read and write a simple message, it can be deduced from the table that the literacy rate of Bontoc is at 16.97% of the total population cannot read nor write. Conversely, approximately 83.03 per cent have the basic skills of reading and writing. 2.6.2. Education

2.6.2.1.

Schools Location Brgy. Alab Balili Balili Bayyo Poblacion Can-eo Dalican Alab Bontoc Ili Gonogon Guina-ang Mainit Total Area Occupied (sq.m.) 1800 5150 900 285 12102 235 4608 235 192 1325 5738 1620 Type Private Public x x x x x x x x x x x x

Name of School Primary/Elementary 1. Alab ES 2. Bilig-Bilig PS 3. Balili ES 4. Bayyo ES 5. Bontoc Central School 6. Can-eo ES 7. Dalican ES 8. Dantay PS 9. Foyayeng PS 10. Gonogon ES 11. Guina-ang ES 12. Mainit ES

13. Maligcong ES 14. Samoki ES 15. Talubin ES 16. Tocucan 3S 17. Ut-utan PS 18. All Saints Mission ES 19. St. Vincents ES B. Secondary 20. St. Vincents HS 21. MPGCHS C. Tertiary 23. MPSPC TOTAL

Maligcong Samoki Talubin Tocucan Bontoc Ili Poblacion Poblacion Poblacion Poblacion Poblacion

2731 156 2298 2298 350 25630 4270 2379 19198 10000 103500 x x x

x x x x x

x x

Sources: Bontoc Central School; Saint Vincents School; All Saints Mission School; MPPSC. Bontoc, Mountain Province.. Bontoc. 2003

The Mountain Province State Polytechnic College Bontoc, Mt. Province

Xijen College of Mountain Province, Inc. Upper Caluttit, Bontoc, Mt. Province

Mountain Province General Comprehensive High School

St. Vincents High School Bontoc, Mt. Province

Mountain Province General Comprehensive High School

Bayyo Elementary School, Bontoc, Mt. Province

2.6.2.2.

Enrollment The current enrollment of the whole municipality covering both private and government elementary schools totals 3,310. Within a five-year period, enrollment in the elementary level was 3,796 in school year 1999-2000. Enrollment the following year (SY 2000-2001) decreased by 81 or 2.13 per cent. A drastic reduction of enrolment occurred in SY 2001 -2002 by 6.86 per cent to 3,460 enrollees by 255 enrollees. There was a slight increase of 18 enrollees (.52) in SY 2002-2003 then again decreased by 168 (4.83%) in SY 2003-2004.

2.6.3. Ethnic Groups and Cultures Expectedly, as the capital town and with people who are natives to the place, there is an estimated 14,600 people of Bontoc who speak the Bontoc dialect. Ilocano (1,478), Kankanai (450) dialects are also popular vernaculars in Bontoc. Other dialects are spoken by immigrants and/or traders in the area. These are: Pangasinan (19), Cuyonan (20), Butuanon (102) and others (329) speaking their own dialects.

2.6.4. Religious Affiliations The 2000 NCSO noted that the majority of the population of Bontoc is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church (11,255) followed by affiliations with the Philippine Episcopal Church (8,612). Aglipayans follow a far third (531) and Other Protestants (236). The rest of the population of Bontoc belongs to various other religious groups.

2.6.5. Health The Bontoc General Hospital (BGH), located at Barangay Caluttit, has a bed capacity of 100 and serves as the major health facility of the province and abutting municipalities. This gives a ratio of 1 hospital bed for every 231 population within the municipality not counting other patients from other municipalities. Basic hospital services include: Outpatient/Emergency Services, General Surgery Services, Laboratory Services, Pharmacy Services, and other basic tertiary medical services. The hospital is run by 77 staff which includes 15 physicians, 32 nurses, 19 midwives, a dentist, 3 medical technologists, 2 pharmacists, a nutritionist, 3 sanitary personnel, a health education staff and other ancillary personnel. This data provides a ratio of 1 doctor for every 290 persons. Aside from the hospital, Bontoc has a rural health unit (RHU) at Poblacion which is served by one (1) municipal health officer, 2 nurses, 3 midwives, 1 medical technologist, 2 sanitary inspectors and a dental aide. Complementing these health staffs are 126 trained barangay health workers (BHWs) residing and serving the 16 barangays of the municipality. Poblacion and Caluttit are closely adjoining barangays under one health station. In the private sector, there are 9 drugstores/pharmacies, 5 medical clinics, 5 dental clinics and 1 laboratory and 3 optical clinics.

The Bontoc General Hospital

2.6.6. Protective Services According to the manning level of the PNP as provided under Section 27 of RA 6975, otherwise known as the DILG Act, the average manning levels of the PNP nationwide shall be approximately in accordance to the Ideal PPR, that is 1 policeman per 500 persons and the Minimum Standard PPR, that is, 1 policeman per 1,000 persons. This means that the existing PPR in Bontoc is within the ideal range, having 5 more police officers than standard requirement. The actual protective services strength of the municipality shall depend on the state of peace and order, population density, and actual demands of the service in the municipality.

2.6.7. Housing Number of Dwelling Units by Type of Building, Type of Roof and Housing Tenure. Municipality of Bontoc, Mountain Province. Characteristics of Dwelling Units 1. Type of Building
a. Single b. Duplex c. Triplex & Over

Number
4,153 31 106 3,880 44 204 162 3,833 297 160

% to Total
96.81 0.72 2.47 90.44 1.03 4.75 3.78 89.35 6.92 3.73

2. Type of Roof
a. GI/Aluminum Roof b. Half Iron, Half Concrete c. Cogon, Nipa, Anahaw Shingles Others

3. Ownership
a. Owned. Amortized b. Rented c. Free with Consent

Total
Source: NSO, 1990.

4,290

100

2.7.

Infrastructure and Utilities Framework 2.7.1. Power The common sources of lighting in the municipality are electricity, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas. Franchise for the electricity is managed by Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO) with its main office at Bontoc covering 14 barangays and supplied by the National Power Corporation (NPC). Only the barangays of Dalican and Can-eo are not energized given their respective location. MOPRECO reports that line construction for barangay Dalican is completed and ready for energization while barangay Can-eo is programmed for the current year by MIRANT Philippines. MOPRECO maintains a substation located at Pegeo, Sagada maintaining a 2.5MVA, a metering station and supplying 47 units of street lights primarily within the Poblacion area.

2.7.2. Water System Being a mountainous municipality, the major source of water for domestic consumption is through the gravity type of spring development. Deep wells are mostly constructed by government for use in government agencies i.e., schools and other community-based water projects. Surface water such as rivers and creeks are also used for washing and bathing purposes. There is a growing trend in the municipality of water carriers getting water from other sources and sell it for domestic purposes. Scarcity in the supply of water occurs during the dry season starting March until the later part of June or early part of July before the onset of the rainy season.

2.7.3. Communication Network 2.7.3.1. Postal Services The municipality has one postal office under the Philippine Postal Corporation serving the municipal population located at the Poblacion with 7 staff. Office facilities includes 42 mail boxes, 3 motorcycles, 1 money order machine, 1 unit of weighing scale, and 1 unit of stamping meter machine. The monthly estimated volume of letters being received and delivered is approximately 4,459 letters, 10 packages, and 213 money orders. The volume of letters is shrinking at the rate of 9.87 percent in 2000, and 6.33 per cent in 2001 while the volume for packages remains static on the 2000-2001 transaction. Postal money orders continue to surge by 10 per cent for the year 2001. 2.7.3.2. Telephone Services Exchanges using the telegraph as a medium sharply decreased in year 2000 to 14,350 from a high of 18,940 in 1999. This further slipped by 34 per cent in year 2001 to 9,450. With the introduction of the cell phone, the telegraph technology is predictably on its twilight years. PLDT on the other hand, operates a telephone system using a RSU 300 technology covering the whole barangay of Poblacion, and parts of Caluttit, and Samoki. Another telephone system is the DIGITEL. However, this stopped operation due to management problems. At present cell sites by SMART and GLOBE is already established and operating in Bontoc
Globe and Smart Cell Site

2.8.

Economic Framework 2.8.1. Commerce The Commercial Business District is located at Poblacion with approximately 6 hectares occupying almost the entire barangay area. Of the total number of 1,527 (FY 2000) businesses registered enterprises operating in the whole municipality, there are approximately 477 registered businesses located within this area ranging from banking services, to household groceries, light industrial implements and agricultural supplies. At the hub of its marketing structure, the business hub of the central business district is at the municipal public market under the management of the Office of the Municipal Mayor.

Bontoc Public Market

The public market occupies an area approximately 3,712 square meters. The first floor of the two-storey structure has permanent stalls where vegetables, fruits and canteens are located. At the center of the market structure are the meat and fish sections and the west side of the public market are located the poultry section.

Surrounding the market building are private residential houses which are also being utilized as business establishments. The municipal market cannot accommodate all expanding and new businesses which is why on market days, the town center also serves as a market site for goods coming from Nueva Vizcaya and Santiago City. Barangay Samoki is also growing commercial center for trading and light industries.

Commercial Establishments in Bontoc Town Proper

2.8.2. Agro-Industrial Produce of vegetables and other farm products from nearby barangays are brought to Poblacion which is the hub of business - from the southwest, the barangays of Gonogon, Balili, Alab and Dalican; from the north, the barangays of Mainit, Guinaang, and Maligcong; from the northeast, the barangay of Tocucan, and from the south, the barangays of Talubin, Bayyo and Can-eo, all bring their products to sell and buy household and farm implements. There are no other alternative marketing routes. All municipal produce find their way at the Bontoc Municipal Market. Bulk purchases for general hardware and household goods are generally sourced from Baguio City, Solano in Nueva Vizcaya, Santiago City to as far as company warehouses in Bulacan. 2.8.3. Other Industries The Socio-Economic Profile of Mt. Province (1993) shows that there are 12 industrial establishments in Bontoc. The Municipal Treasurers Office (2002) reported about 40 industrial establishments. This means a growth rate of 23.33% and that the number of establishments will significantly change over a period of 9 years.

Of this type of business, there are 10 enterprises involved in garment weaving producing woven products particularly native woven products as blankets, ethnic attires, and ready to wear clothes. The production of those cottage industry items is done severally in households or by small clusters of organized women. Presently, there are no available updated accounts for the current year about the scale of production and other information that could be referred to for development planning These industries are almost all located within the Poblacion and the nearby barangays of Caluttit, Bontoc Ili, Samoki but there also exists a village wide weaving industry at Barangays Gonogon, Talubin, Can-eo and Alab. FLORAL COMPOSITION The vegetative pattern on and within the vicinity of the proposed project site is an expression of the environmental factors, soil and climate. Natural vegetation on and near the site along the river of the project site has now been modified to some extent. Vast areas of primary and secondary forest have been cleared, with some areas replaced by cultivated fields. Others have regenerated to shrubberies, secondary forest or tall tropical grasses and herbs like Imperata cylindrical (cogon), Saccharum spontaneum (talahib) and Chromolaena odorata (hagonoy) Talahib grows sparsely near and along the rivers water line while cogon and Phragmites species grow together on the upper slopes with the former preferring sites with deep top soil while the later found mostly on sites with very thin or with rocky surfaces. Vegetation cover along the river may be categorized into grasslands, cultivated areas and secondary forests. The watershed area is generally steeply covered by grassland with small areas planted with upland rice for personal consumption of the local habitants. Downstream, the slope tends to be gentle and mostly planted with agricultural crops. Cultivated lands located near human habitation are planted with fruit trees and non-perennial species. Irrigated rice fields, surrounded by denude hills and mountains are also found on the project site.

2.8.4. On-Site Survey

Common vegetation found near the Proposed Project Site

Vegetation along the proposed Power House

Vegetation along the proposed Headrace

FAUNAL COMPOSITION The area being a wilderness is home for animals which do not belong to endangered species. Varieties of annelids, mollusks and birds are present. Occasionally frogs and toads are present, along with some freshwater snails. Mosquitoes of different varieties can be found; likewise flies are in the area. Class oligochaete represented by earthworms abound. Occasionally grasshoppers are seen in the grassland, other animals include ants, butterflies, bees, dragonflies, praying mantis, terminites moths, ladybird beetles, carrion, beetles, weevils, bark weevils and formica ants. The following table shows the fauna that regularly inhabit near and within the project site. These listings should not be construed as inclusive or exclusive. FAUNAL COMPOSITION IN THE PROJECT AREA Scientific Name Aeshna sp. Arga sp. Periplaneta Americana Paratenodera sp. Lepiophelbia Dissosteira longipennis Brachystola magna Margantia histionica Magicicada septemdecum Toxoptera gramimum Chrysopa Phryganea Estigmene acraca Papilio polyxenes Culex pipiens Hippodamia Xylocopa Pogonomymex Buffo marinus Rana Magna Ratns norvegicus Common Name Dragonflies Damselflies American cockroach Praying mantis Mayflies Long winged grasshopper Short winged grasshopper Harlequin cabbage bug Periodic cicada Spring grain aphid Green lacewing Caddis fly Tiger moth Black swallowtail House mosquito Lady beetle Carpenter bee Harvester ant Toad Frog Rat

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

2.9.

SOCIAL SURVEY This section will present the Socio-Economic Condition of the Barangay within the immediate vicinity of the project site. In order to achieve the objective of this section, a survey from the town folks was conducted. A form designed for the purpose was distributed and respondents were asked to fill up the form. 2.9.1. Scope and Delimitation The project site lies in Barangay Bayyo in the Municipality of Bontoc in the Province of Mountain Province. 2.9.2. Methodology The actual survey was coordinated with the Barangay Captain. Town folks were called to gather in a common place. The proposed mini-hydro project was then explained to the people, thereafter, the survey form relevant to the project was explained to the group. The respondents were then allowed to answer the forms, questions and/or clarifications were answered as they are raised to guide the town-folks. The resulting survey forms were then encoded in the computer. The resulting data matrix herewith attached is then processed using a statistical program EPI INFO 6. The summary result of the survey is presented here within the following section.

Project Explanation during the Survey Meeting held at Bayyo Elementary School

2.10. RESULTS AND STATISTICS 2.10.1. Respondents Distribution According to the 2000 census for the number of households for Brgy Bayyo, there are a total of 132 households in the barangay. We were able to survey 78 household heads which represent approx. 60% of the total households. 2.10.2. Age Distribution The majority of the respondents belong to the above 70 age brackets (with 18 Respondents). The mean age of the respondents is at 51 years old which reflects a general maturity of the respondents.

2.10.3.

Education Distribution With the statistical mean of the education level at grade 5 level the graph below shows some level of literacy amongst the respondents.

2.10.4.

Source of Income The main source of income with 42 counts is farming. This constitutes about 53.8% of the respondents. Thus dependency of the people on their farms might be a factor in this project. Housewives for consideration are classified as having no source of income. And the rest of the respondents (11 persons) states having occupation either work for the Local Government Unit as Barangay Officials or those who work on contractual basis.

2.10.5.

Land/House Ownership 55% of respondents claim ownership on the land where their houses stands 20% states they have no land while 25% states they rent their land and the remainder states that they are on government owned lands.

2.10.6. Farm Ownership 62% of the respondents claim ownership of the farm they till, with 27% respondents stating that they owned no farm and the remaining 11% states that they are renting their farm.

2.11. SURVEY OF PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT Part of the survey form includes 10 questions aimed at assessing the perception of the people about the proposed project. This would gauge their familiarity with such project and the possible impacts it would have in their lives. The following are the questions and the responses of the respondents. Questions 1 2 3 NA Yes 54 48 36 No 24 29 33

Have you heard of any power-generating projects 0 in your community? Are you aware of its purpose that may serve you and your community? Do you have any idea about its benefits which may affect you, your properties, and your community? 1 9

Do you have any idea about its effects which may 10 bring harm to you, your properties, and your community? In case the project will be constructed, are you willing to be relocated? Are you willing to be paid for your properties and be relocated? For future job opportunities in the proposed project, are you willing to be employed? Personally, would you like this kind of project constructed in your area? Will the project improve your personal life? 12 12 13 27 30 23

36

32

5 6 7 8 9

25 58 57 25 36 49

41 8 8 16 12 6

10 Will the project improve the life of your town? NOTE:

Questions 5 and 6 are intentionally leading questions to find out if respondents would be willing to be re-located. There is 52.6% negative feeling on relocation (Q5), although in Q6, 74% of the respondent said they are willing to be paid. There is a possibility that re-location of the respondents might be subject to mitigating measure at a later course of the project.

2.12. SURVEY OF RESPONDENTS PERSONAL INSIGHTS While the survey of respondents perception gauges the respondents familiarity with the proposed projects, it will also be helpful for the proponent to know the respondents personal thoughts towards the project. For this purpose an essay form of questionnaire was also provided to the respondents where they were given instructions to express what they feel about the project. The questionnaire is divided into two, a positive and a negative insight. For clarity and for tabulation purposes, the respondents comments are reworded and grouped together according to relevancy. The actual respondents response are included and shown as part of the attachment hereto. The summarized result of the survey is shown in the following table. POSITIVE INSIGHTS
No positive comments Development to Town Job Opportunities Improve Lives Electricity Low Electric Bills Roadway Improvement Big Help to people and town Just Fine Able to Save Hopes to Be implemented 2 4 32 2 29 10 0 8 0 15 2

NEGATIVE INSIGHT
No comment No negative comments Flood Harm People Worries often Brownout Might destroy nature People Causes Negative impact Might destroy location Slow development when not accepted Demands for job 1 5 0 1 0 25 5 25 1 0

TOTAL

104

TOTAL

63

The tabulated summary for above shows that positive insights outweigh the negative insights and may be a good sign of the projects acceptance of the project. Further, during casual discussions with this surveyor, a general feeling of acceptance by the respondents towards the project can be felt amongst the respondents. The respondents also shows eagerness on the project implementation as this to them will bring a means of employment. However, there is a strong sentiment amongst the people regarding possible destruction of their surroundings which might require further explanation.

2.13. CONFERENCES WITH THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS The following are picture galleries showing co-ordination with the Local Government units concern.

With the Municipal Mayor of Bontoc (2010)

With the Municipal Council of Bontoc

With the Sangguniang Brgy of Bontoc

Project Presentation with the Municipal Council

2.14. DISCUSSIONS OF SPECIFIC SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT The Summary of Impacts chart summarizes the impacts considered for the project and are discussed as follows: 2.14.1.

Impacts on Physical Environment Air Pollution

During the construction phase, the direct and indirect impacts generated by the project will be temporary in nature for the physical environment. One of the negative impacts seen is the pollution of the ambient air, particulate / dust will be emitted from the construction of the access road and the hauling of construction materials for the project, increases in carbon monoxide (CO) and other pollutant levels will result. These air pollutants will come from the different equipment such as dump trucks and other mechanized equipment that will be utilized during the construction / pre-operational phase. Long period of exposure from these pollutants could cause hazardous effects on human health, deterioration of materials, and damage of vegetation. Carbon Monoxide (CO) is almost exclusively emitted by motor vehicles. This pollutant binds the oxygen-carrying protein in blood to hemoglobin, reducing the amount of the oxygen reaching the heart and brain. Exposure to CO, even at low levels, can endanger people with coronary artery disease. It can also cause headaches, fatigue, and slow reflexes, even among healthy people. However, based on the openness of the area, noise and pollutant emission generated from the equipment being utilized will be considered moderate and will have a short duration since this will be only during the construction phase.

Solid Waste Production/Generation

Another impact that will be generated during the construction and operation phases is the generated of solid wastes coming from construction debris and solid wastes from projects operation. These construction wastes when left unattended will cause safety hazard, and deterioration of aesthetic environment. The bulk of solid waste during the construction phase will come primarily from clearing of the areas to be developed and other construction materials. During the operational phase, solid waste will come from the dam site wherein these floating debris will be gathered.

Noise

Another impact is the noise generated by equipment being utilized during the activities. Noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is an environmental phenomenon to which people are exposed before birth and throughout life. Noise of sufficient intensity and duration can induce temporary or permanent hearing loss, ranging from slight impairment to nearby total deafness. In general, a pattern of exposure to any source of sound that produces high enough levels can result in temporary hearing loss. If the exposure persists over a period of time, this could lead to permanent hearing loss. Short-term, but frequently serious, effects include interference with speech communication and perception of other auditory signals, disturbances of sleep and relaxation, annoyances interference with an individuals ability to perform complicated tasks and general diminution of the quality of life.

Water Quality/Quantity

The quality and quantity of water needed during the operational is considered as another impact in the study. The source of water for irrigation will generate significant impacts on the downstream portion of the water body. Reduction of the water flow to the downstream portion due to the damming activity will also affect the habitat of some species that are dependent to the water body.

Salinization

Another impact that the project could generate is salinization. Salinization is caused by rapid evaporation of water during hot weather. The fact that less water is added, plus the temperature of water from the river system which is warmer due to the areas which are deforested resulting to a condition of thermocline stratification.

Soil Erosion

Soil erosion which is also a result of mans activities will contribute to sediment accumulation which reduces the storage capacity of dam and also contribute to the turbidity of the water.

Increase of Fertilizer and Chemical Run-Offs

Due to the increase of supply of irrigation water to the service areas eventually this will result to the increase of fertilizer and chemical run-

offs which could affect the downstream fisheries and other water usage. 2.14.2. Impacts on the Biological Environment

There will be a moderate impact on the biological environment especially on areas where development will occur. The loss of vegetation due to clearing will be one of the impacts in the biological environment. However, this will have a moderate effect in terms of species habitat since the area vegetation consists mostly of grasses and shrubs. Minimal extraction of top soil will be undertaken. 2.14.3. Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment

The road network that will be built to access the project site will enable farmers to easily bring their produce to the market. This will increase the agricultural output of the project area especially in the beneficiaries. This will have a domino effect on other related activities and would further improve the municipals economic status through the generation of taxes. There will be temporary employment during the construction phase wherein residents within the area will be given priority. This will be considered as one of the positive impacts generated by the project. This will improve the economic status of the local government that has jurisdiction over the project site in the form of taxes and revenues. Negative impact identified during the construction phase is the occupational risk to workers which can be considered as moderate for this kind of project. During the construction phase that the workers are exposed to possible accidents such as from operating equipment and other construction paraphernalia and injuries caused by faulty safety equipment. 2.15. DISCUSSION OF MITIGATING / ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 2.15.1. Mitigating measures for Impacts on Physical Environment

To address the impacts on ambient air, only those mechanized equipment that are in good condition and properly maintained shall be utilized during the construction phase. Hauling trucks bringing in supplies, materials and equipment shall be provided with cover. Likewise, area where there are dust generating activities shall be regularly sprayed with water. The generation of solid waste during the construction phase will be mitigated through the proper collection of construction debris and will be either be reused or dumped to the municipals dumping site. Those construction wastes such as wood will be reused to other projects.

To address the noise generated by the project during the construction phase, the hired workers will have to observe in implementing the standard working hours which starts from 8:00 a.m. up to 5:00 p.m. Operating on those schedules will minimize the noise-generating activities could affect nearby residents. For those persons operating mechanical equipment having decibel levels beyond the tolerable hearing of humans, they will be provided with safety paraphernalia such as ear plugs. Furthermore, mechanical equipment such as dump trucks and hauling trucks will be ensured that they have adequate and effective mufflers. To address the possible depletion of water resources at the downstream portion, proper water management shall be such as regular collection of floating debris, regular monitoring of depth of water in the dam and proper distribution of water to the service area. Impacts that were identified earlier that the project will generate are salinization, water turbidity, soil erosion and siltation of overflow dam which reduces storage capacity. To address these impacts which are interrelated to each other, the management proposes to conduct tree planting activities at the upstream portion and at the dam site. The planting of trees must be conducted in an interlocking pattern so as the roots can catch on rushing waters. Management and with the cooperation of the populace could further enhance the carrying capacity of the area by planting cover on carpet vegetation in the form of grasses intercropped with trees in a banding manner. Trees will catch onrushing waters, while grasses will catch the slower currents and its sediments. To address the impact in the increase in fertilizer and chemical run-offs due to the increase in the agricultural productivity, the cooperative and implementing agency will conduct an information, education and communication campaign teaching the beneficiaries about the proper Integrated Pest Management. 2.15.2. Mitigating measures for Impacts on Biological Environment The impact of the loss of vegetation due to the clearing of trees will be insignificant since the cleared area does not support any valuable plant species. Nonetheless, to mitigate this impact, a tree planting activity will be conducted on areas that were destroyed during the construction phase. 2.15.3. Mitigating measures Environment for Impacts on Socio-Economic

During the construction phase, workers and personnel involved in the project will be briefed and oriented about safety measures to avoid or minimize accidents. Likewise, the proponent will provide first aid kits to

ensure that any untoward accidents will be medically taken care. In accident-prone areas, workers will be provided with protective paraphernalia such as gloves and goggles. To those workers that handle noise-generating equipment that is beyond the tolerable level for human ears, ear plugs will be provided. Most of the positive impacts of the project will be on the socioeconomic environment. Local populace will not only be provided with electricity but also with temporary employment provided that they meet the qualified requirements for such skills or expertise. Furthermore, it will increase the economic status of the municipality through the generation of local taxes.

2.16. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS BY DEVELOPMENTAL PHASE 2.16.1. Construction Phase

A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AIR POLLUTION IMPACT DETAILS Long period of exposure from these air pollutants (Dust and CO2) could cause hazardous effects on human health, deterioration of materials, and damage of vegetation

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) To reduce dust generated by construction, hauling and grading activities, as well as any others that might raise dust, specifications for dust control would include standard emission controls on construction vehicles, and sufficient watering of the area to accompany such activities. This watering will be included in the contract provisions for this project. This would effectively mitigate most particulate air quality impacts. regular water spraying of the access road properly maintained utilized RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent and good conditioned equipment shall be SCHEDULE During Construction

SOLID WASTE PRODUCTION

IMPACT DETAILS Bulk of solid waste from clearing of the areas to be developed and other construction materials. Construction debris and solid wastes from project's operation when left unattended will cause safety hazard and deterioration of aesthetic environment.

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) Re-use scrap wood and metals for other projects and those not fit for those purpose will have to be sold in interested parties, remaining scraps will be dumped in the approved municipal dumpsite. RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent NOISE IMPACT DETAILS noise generated by equipment being utilized during the activities SCHEDULE During Construction

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) Noise-generative activities and equipment will be undertaken and utilized during working hours (8:00a.m. to 5:00p.m.) Safety hearing devices shall be provided to the operators of the machines RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent WATER QUANTITY / QUALITY MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) Conserve the use of water during the construction phase and if possible recycle used water or utilize it for spraying of areas. RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent SCHEDULE During Construction SCHEDULE During Construction

B. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

LOSS OF VEGETATION IMPACT DETAILS Loss of vegetation due to clearing will be one of the impacts in the biological environment. However, will have a moderate effect in terms of species habitat since the area vegetation consists mostly of grasses and shrubs Minimal extraction of top soil will be undertaken

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) Proponents will introduce plants and trees at open spaces and along the roads. RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent SCHEDULE After Construction

C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT EMPLOYMENT IMPACT DETAILS " Temporary employment during the construction phase wherein residents within the area will be given priority. (improve the economic status of the local government that has jurisdiction over the project site in the form of taxes and revenues)

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) proponent shall give the local populace priority in the employment as long as they meet the required skills RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent SCHEDULE Before Construction

OCCUPATIONAL RISKS TO WORKERS IMPACT DETAILS Workers are exposed to possible accidents such as from operating equipment and other construction paraphernalia and injuries caused by faulty safety equipment. MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive)

a safety orientation shall be conducted provide workers with appropriate protective paraphernalia RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent SCHEDULE Before Construction During Construction

2.16.2.

Operational Phase

A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT SUFFICIENCY OF WATER SOURCES/QUALITY & QUANTITY OF WATER IMPACT DETAILS Source of water for irrigation will generate significant impacts on the downstream portion of the water body. reduce of the water flow to the downstream portion due to the damming activity will also affect the habitat of some species who are dependent to the water body

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) training of members of the cooperatives in proper water management Practice proper water management shall be implemented such as regular collection of floating debris, regular monitoring of the depth of water in the dam and proper distribution of water in the service area. RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent Workers Cooperative SOLID WASTE GENERATION IMPACT DETAILS solid waste will come from the dam site wherein these floating debris will be gathered at the overflow dam Construction debris and solid wastes from project's operation when left unattended will cause safety hazard and deterioration of aesthetic environment. SCHEDULE Before and During Operational Phase During Operational Phase

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) collected debris from the overflow dam and canals will be dumped at a designated area RESPONSIBILITIES Cooperative Beneficiaries SCHEDULE During Operational Phase

SALINIZATION / SOIL EROSION / TURBIDITY AND SILTATION IMPACT DETAILS Salinization is caused by rapid evaporation of water during hot weather. The fact that less water is added plus the temperature of water from the river system which is warmer due to the areas which are deforested resulting to a condition of thermocline stratification. Result of man's activities will contribute to sediment accumulation which reduces the storage capacity of dam and also contributes to the turbidity of the water. Due to the increase of supply of irrigation water to the service areas eventually this will result to the increase of fertilizer and chemical runoffs which could affect the downstream fisheries and other water usage.

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) conduct tree planting activities at the upstream portion and at the dam site planting of cover or carpet vegetation in the form of grasses intercropped with trees in a banding manner RESPONSIBILITIES Cooperative Beneficiaries SCHEDULE Before and During Operational Phase

INCREASE IN FERTILIZER AND CHEMICAL RUN-OFFS IMPACT DETAILS

due to the increase in the agricultural productivity

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) information, education and communication campaign on Integrated Pest Management shall be implemented for the benefit of the cooperative and beneficiaries RESPONSIBILITIES Proponent SCHEDULE Before and During Operational Phase

B. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT INCREASED IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IMPACT DETAILS This will improve the municipal's economic status through the generation of taxes. promote economic growth

MITIGATION (if negative) ENHANCEMENT (if positive) increase in family / farmers income increase in revenues and taxes provide jobs for nearby residents RESPONSIBILITIES Cooperative Beneficiaries Cooperative Beneficiaries SCHEDULE During Operational Phase During Operational Phase

2.17. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION 2.17.1. Environmental Impacts Terrain/Soils

The construction of the access road and civil works will impact upon the terrain and may induced erosion and siltation problems. However, these effects may be mitigated through proper construction techniques and mitigation measures. Furthermore, these impacts are temporary , associated with the construction period and may be reduced to marginal levels during the operation stage with appropriate re vegetation and slope protection measures. Water Quality

The construction of the in river structures, i.e. the diversion structures, powerhouse and tail race channel will have a temporary impact upon water quality. However, this will be for a short period only and conditions will revert to normal during operation, Water Quantity

The project might involves temporary diversion of the river flow and if such would be the case, greater consideration should be provided in the establishment of the flow requirements to address the concerns and needs of the users that will be affected. Aquatic Biology

The presence of the various structures for the project is not foreseen to have an impact upon the fish found in the river. While the project might result in the relocation of some fish habitat, this is not seen as overly significant. Terrestrial Ecology

Vegetative cover at the weir and power station comprise primary forests, although some cleared areas within the proposed project structures exist. The construction of the access roads might require mitigating measures for watershed management to mitigate the impacts of increased access.

2.17.2.

Social Impacts Land Use

Some agricultural lands will be transferred by the access road and transmission line. Demography

The project is sparsely inhabited and such, major dislocation of families is unlikely. Local Attitudes/ perceptions:

The local residents are enthusiastic towards the implementation of the project. This was confirmed during the result of the survey conducted in the site. This is likely due to the perceived job opportunities, improved access, and improved economics associated with the project.

PROOF OF SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY

Endorsement Letters

Barangay Bay-yo Barangay Resolution Page 1 of 2

Barangay Bay-yo Brgy Certification Page 2 of 2

CHAPTER 3.0: POWER SUPPLY, DEMAND AND MARKET STUDY

3.1 INTRODUCTION Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc and bordered by the province of Ifugao to the south, province of Benguet to the southwest, the province of Ilocos Sur on the west, Province of Abra on the northwest, Kalinga on the north and the province of Isabela on the east. Mountain Province is named that way because it is found in the Cordillera Central mountain ranges of north central Luzon. Mountain Province is the smallest province among the six provinces in the Cordillera Region with a total land area of 2,157.40 square kilometres. Its population as of 2007 (NSO) is 148,661 with a population density of 70.9/sq. Km. The province has a lone political district and is divided into ten municipalities namely the municipalities of Barlig, Bauko, Besao, Bontoc, Natonin, Paracelis, Sabangan, Sedanga, Sagada and Tadian. Mountain Province is endowed with natural wonders like highland attractions, rice terraces, caves, hot springs, and waterfalls. Since there are great natural resources in the province, we can say that the province is also a home for some energy infrastructure. Bontoc, one of the ten municipalities of Mountain Province is the home of the proposed mini-hydro power projects, the Lower and Upper Talubin River Minihydro Power Projects. Bontoc is the 3rd class municipality and is divided into 16 barangays. It has a population of 24,798 according to the latest census (2007) and a total of 5,035 households. The government with the cooperation of some private sector is continually exerting effort in harnessing indigenous energy resources in the region such as hydro, to contribute to the countrys pursuit towards energy independence. Since the Municipality of Bontoc has great natural water-resources, it is one of the governments pinpointed sites for developing a Mini-Hydro Power Project. Luzon is the largest regional grid in the country in terms of landmass and electricity demand and the largest potential electricity growth demand, the reason why Luzon remains the preferred haven for foreign investments in the power. Power supply in Mountain Province, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), depends on Sual Power Plant under the Smith Power Company and WESM.

Page 3-1

This chapter will cover the following: ! Power sources or generating facilities within the province (existing and proposed) ! Power distribution systems via substation and transmission lines (Single line diagram and operational map) ! Historical and forecast data on supply and demand of the province ! Status of Electrification ! Power Rates

Bontoc Coordinates: 1705!14"N 12058!32"E

Page 3-2

3.2 POWER SUPPLY

3.2.1 EXISTING/CURRENT POWER GENERATING FACILITIES As of to date there is no existing power generating facility within the province of Mountain Province. They depend merely on the grid. As of to date they just have signed a two year contract with Smith Company as their power supplier together with the WESM. Posted on this page and on the succeeding pages are photographs of office or headquarter substations and transmission lines in Mountain Province as well as the existing power plants and substations that supply power to the province.

PHOTOGRAPS OF EXISTING SUBSTATIONS and TRANSMISSION LINES in MOUNTAIN PROVINCE

Figure 3.2-1: MOPRECO Bauko Substation Baang Banao 2.5 MVA Capacity

Page 3-3

Figure 3.2-2: MOPRECO Sagada Substation Pegeo, Sagada 2.5 MVA Capacity

Figure 3.2-3: MOPRECO Sagada Substation Pegeo, Sagada 2.5 MVA Capacity (close shot)

Page 3-4

Figure 3.2-4: Transmission line in Mt. Province

Page 3-5

3.2.2 PROPOSED POWER GENERATING FACILITIES The international oil prices per barrel is continuously increasing, thus our government is challenged of safeguarding the Philippine economy from the adverse effects of soaring petroleum cost. With this, the present administration is mapping the road toward energy independence. This calls for the development of the countrys indigenous energy resources. The two major policy directions namely: the need to increase indigenous oil and gas reserves and the aggressive development of the countrys renewable energy potentials

Power Development Plan (PDP) is consistent with the goal towards increasing self-sufficiency and using environment-friendly and cleaner fuels by firming up the entry of renewable energy capacities. These include wind power plant, geothermal power plants and hydropower plants. The share of power generation from hydropower plants accounted for 14.9 percent of the countrys power generation in 2003, because our country is blessed of abundant water resources. The large hydropower plants comprised 97 percent of the total hydropower generation while mini-hydropower plants and micro-hydropower plants accounted for 2.7 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively. The development of the countrys hydropower resources is essential to meeting energy demand over the next ten years. The DOE (Department of Energy) aims to double current generating capacity from hydropower resources by 2013, as provided for under the REPF (Renewable Energy Policy Framework.).
POTENTIAL CAPACITY (MW)

NAME

LOCATION

CLASSIFICATION

YEAR AVAILABLE

IBULAO TALUBIN (Upper) (Lower) SIFFU (Upper) (Lower) TOTAL

Baguinge, Kiangan / Dugong, Lagawe Brgy Bayo, Bontoc Brgy. Talubin, Bontoc Cadaclan, Natunin Natunin

Mini-hydro Mini-hydro Mini-hydro Mini-hydro Mini-hydro

4.50

2013

3.00

Table 3.2-1: Potential/Indicative Hydropower Capacity Addition in CAR Region

Page 3-6

As of to date, feasibility study for Upper Talubin River MHP and other sites is already been undertaken by the Vergel! Consult. In partnership with the private sector, the Department of Energy (DOE) will continue to encourage the harnessing of the countrys hydropower resources through intensive and integrated exploration, development and management of these resources. For the ten-year plan, the hydropower sector aims to double the current installed capacity using the run-off-river type of projects. As the country grapples with soaring oil prices and its adverse impact on the economy, environment-friendly fuel such as biomass, solar and wind can address high oil import dependency. Thus, DOE is implementing a plan of action to promote energy independence and spur economic growth in off grid areas. Locations of all power facilities and existing transmission lines of CAR are shown in Fig. 3.2-5 on the following page:

3.2.3 POWER DISTRIBUTORS/RETAILERS Mountain Province has only one (1) Distribution Utility (DU), the Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO) headed by Engr. Jude A. Domoguen as the General Manager and Mr. Andrew M. Magwilang as the President. MOPRECOs headquarter is located in Poblacion, Bontoc, Mountain Province. It is the one responsible for the distribution of the electricity to the entire consumer in the whole province, and TransCo. (now NGCP) is the one responsible concerning transmission lines. The Upper Talubin Mini-hydro power project is located in Brgy. Bayo, Bontoc, Mt. Province, hence it is within the franchise coverage area of Mountain Province Electric Cooperative, Inc. (MOPRECO). The following are pertinent information about the EC: MOPRECO: HQ Brgy. Poblacion, Bontoc, Mt. Province Date of Incorporation/registration 25 May 1974 Date of First Energization January 1975 Category/Size B/Large Total Membership 26,123 (as of December 2009) Municipalities Covered Ten (10)

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The substation of NUVELCO is tabulated in Table 3.2-2 indicating the location and capacity of each substation.

NAME of EC

NAME of SUBSTATION /LOCATION

CAPACITY

REMARKS

MOPRECO

BAUKO / Ba-ang, Banao, Bauko SAGADA / Pegeo, Sagada

2.5 MVA 2.5 MVA

COOP Owned NGCP Owned

Table 3.2-2: List of MOPRECO Substation in the Mountain Province

3.2.4 Distribution Coverage Mountain Province has only one (1) Distribution Utility (DU), the Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO). Table 3.2-3 is a tabulation of the municipalities covered by MOPRECO. Income Classification
5 Class 4 Class 5 Class 3 Class 5 Class 5 Class 5 Class 4 Class 3 Class 4 Class
th rd th th th th rd th th th

EC
MOPRECO

Municipality
Barlig Bauko Besao Bontoc Sabangan Sadanga Sagada Natonin Paracelis Tadian

No. of Barangays Covered

13 22 14 16 15 8 19 11 9 19

Total
Table 3.2-2: Municipalities covered by MOPRECO

146

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Figure 3.2-5: System Map of MOPRECO; Bontoc, Mt. Province

Page 3-9

3.3

ELECTRIFICATION STATUS As of December 2009, the total number of barangays energized in the province of Mountain Province is 145 barangays, 100% of the total barangays in the said province, Table 3.2-2. Regarding the connections, in Mountain Province, the overall potential is totalling to 30,203 and as of December 2009 total served is 26,123 or 86.49 percent of the potential; refer to Table 3.2-3.
TOTAL # OF BARANGAY 11 23 14 16 15 8 19 11 9 19 BARANGAY ENERGIZED 11 23 14 16 15 8 19 11 9 19 ENERGIZATION LEVEL (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

MUNICIPALITY Barlig Bauko Besao Bontoc Sabangan Sadanga Sagada Natonin Paracelis Tadian

TOTAL

145

145

100

Table 3.2-2: Barangay Energization Status, Mountain Province As of December 2009

MUNICIPALITY Barlig Bauko Besao Bontoc Sabangan Sadanga Sagada Natonin Paracelis Tadian

CONNECTION

POTENTIAL

ENERGIZED to DATE 909 5,706 1,491 6,193 1,788 1,202 2,590 1,068 2,198 2,978

ENERGIZATION

LEVEL (%)

MEMBERSHIP

TOTAL

1,525 5,676 1,892 5,702 1,842 1,725 2,581 1,874 3,605 3,781

59.60 100.53 78.81 108.61 97.07 69.68 100.35 56.99 60.97 78.76

857 5,352 1,381 5,550 1,666 1,034 2,343 987 1,893 2,825

TOTAL

30,203

26,123

81.14

23,888

Table 3.2-3: Potential Household Connections per Barangay & its Energization Level, Mountain Province As of December 2009

Page 3-10

3.4

POWER DEMAND The power generating facility where MOPRECO get their power supply is capable of sustaining the energy requirements of the province. However, this facility, Sual Power Plant, is also the major supplier of electricity for some part of Luzon. We can say that there will still be a shortfall in the regions of Luzon for the next five to ten years due to the fast growing electricity demand. Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO) just signed a contract with Smith Company for the electric supply. MOPRECO will get its 90% of its demand from Smith Company and the remaining 10% (more or less) from WESM. Due to the increasing demand on electricity, we can say that there will be a need of additional power generating facilities for the coming years since the province of Mountain Province does not have even a single power generating facility of its own. In addition, brownouts usually happen in different barangays within the province. A regular power interruption within the province is being experienced. With this, the proposed mini-hydro power projects in Bontoc, the Upper and Lower Talubin MHP are very much necessary to have one or the first power generating plant within the province. This will give additional if not sustainable power supply in the province. Likewise, the frequent brownouts that the different barangays are experiencing may lessen.

3.4.1 Historical Net Energy and Peak Demand Table 3.4-1 is a tabulation of historical net energy in GWh and peak demand in MW in the province of Mountain Province. Data gathered were base on NEAs report per ECs and MOPRECO itself.

HISTORICAL NET ENERGY (Enet) & PEAK DEMAND (Dpeak)

2005 COOPs Data

Enet (GWh) Dpeak (MW)
11.026 3.130

2006
10.989 3.070

2007
12.012 3.203

2008
12.762 3.375

2009
13.625 3.502

NEAs Data

Enet (GWh) Dpeak (MW)

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Table 3.4-1: Historical Net Energy and Demand, Provinces of Mountain Province

Page 3-11

From the presented data, it is apparent to say that growth in every generation is unpredictable. There are years that there is no growth but instead a decrease in demand Table 3.4-2 presents the historical systems performance based on NEAs annual report.

YEAR PER TYPE

RESIDENTIAL (MWH) Customer Average kWh/month COMMERCIAL (MWH) Customer Average kWh/month INDUSTRIAL (MWH) Customer Average kWh/month PUBLIC BUILDING (MWH) Customer Average kWh/month OTHERS (MWH) Customer Average kWh/month Total Average Kwh/month

2004
5,725 17,906 27 1,455 1,327 91 825 571 120 1,224 46 2,217

2005
5,443 18,891 24 1,610 1,344 100 869 584 124 1,326 42 2,631

2006
5,194 20,695 21 1,690 1,389 101 927 611 126 1,363 37 3,070

2007
5,680 21,398 22 1,792 1,421 105 982 629 130 1,500 38 3,290

2008

Table 3.4-2: Historical System Performance of MOPRECO

The presented data shows that despite the increase of residential consumers from year 2004 to 2006, energy consumption used diminished. On the other hand, an increase in consumption on other type of consumers goes with the increase of consumers. In addition, it can be seen that the average consumption per month (kWh/mo) under the public building type of consumer increases by only 3.33 % from the year 2004 to 2005 and 2006 to 2007.

Page 3-12

Figure 3.4-1: Chart showing the 2009 Energy Sales per Consumer Type in Mountain Province

The above figure shows that the residential consumers were the highest energy users of MOPRECO with a total number of 22,813 households and 5,797 MWhr in terms of energy consumption (55% of the total energy consumption in 2009). The next in rank is the commercial consumers of about 1,437 users and consumes 1,867.57 MWh or fourteen percent (17.75%) of the total consumption in 2009. On the other hand, the least energy user among the list in the consumers is the BAPA or the Cooperatives consumption that consumes 30.85 MWh (3%).

Page 3-13

3.4.2 Net Energy and Demand per Hour (Time of Use) Net energy demand in every place differs every hour and days of the week. The following tabulations show the demand per hour in Mountain Province for the period of November 26 to December 25, 2009 (Table 3.4-3) by San Miguel Energy Corporation (SMEC) and Table 3.4-4 by the National Power Corporation (NPC). The following data were gathered from the office of MOPRECO for reference purposes. MONDAYS to SATURDAYS
Net KWh
(for a month)

TIME

SUNDAYS & HOLIDAYS

Net KWh
(for a month)

KW
(Php)

Amount
(Php)

KW
(Php)

Amount
(Php)

1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00 TOTAL

23,747.50 22,347.50 21,915.25 22,760.50 28,131.25 39,597.25 47,213.25 34,256.25 30,759.75 31,928.75 32,534.25 33,885.25 34,163.50 34,083.00 34,699.00 33,976.25 35,197.75 50,345.75 78,205.75 74,842.25 62,097.00 46,196.0 33,768.00 26,820.50 913,471.50

2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.5022 2.6256 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.7790 5.5481 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.7790 2.6256 2.5022 2.3426

55,630.89 52,351.25 51,338.66 53,318.75 65,900.27 92,760.52 110,601.76 85,715.99 80,762.80 191,163.81 212,393.34 202,877.77 204,543.71 222,504.05 207,749.85 196,348.75 195,280.64 301,430.07 510,550.60 448,095.52 358,858.56 121,292.22 84,494.29 62,829.70 4,113,162.88

8,050.00 7,456.75 7,183.75 7,292.25 8,291.50 10,853.50 12,769.75 11,226.25 10,402.00 10,321.50 10,248.00 10,430.00 10,295.25 10,388.00 10,377.50 10,391.50 10,942.75 15,781.50 23,084.25 21,953.75 18,210.50 13,951.00 10,755.50 8,947.75 279,604.50

2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 1.8649 1.8649 1.8649 1.8649 2.3426 2.3426 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.6256 5.5481 5.5481 2.6256 2.5022 2.3426 2.3426

18,857.93 17,468.18 16,828.65 13,599.32 15,462.82 20,240.69 23,814.31 26,298.61 24,367.73 25,826.46 25,642.55 26,097.95 25,760.77 25,992.85 25,966.58 26,001.61 27,380.95 41,435.91 128,073.73 121,801.60 47,813.49 34,908.19 25,195.83 20,961.00 786,939.78

Page 3-14

Table 3.4-3: TOU for MOPRECO for the period of November 26 December 25, 2009 San Miguel Energy Corporation

TIME

MONDAYS to SATURDAYS
Net KWh
(for a month)

SUNDAYS & HOLIDAYS

Net KWh
(for a month)

Rate
(Php)

Amount
(Php)

Rate
(Php)

Amount
(Php)

1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00 TOTAL

25,928.00 24,375.75 23,625.00 24,125.50 28,595.00 42,110.25 45,612.00 35,096.25 34,333.25 36,776.25 37,903.25 38,710.00 39,621.75 39,719.75 39,471.25 39,007.50 41,154.75 59,351.25 85,811.25 81,124.75 66,718.75 49,897.75 36,456.00 29,225.00 1,004,750.25

2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.5022 2.6256 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.7790 5.5481 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.7790 2.6256 2.5022 2.3426

60,738.93 57,102.63 55,343.93 56,516.40 66,986.65 98,647.47 106,850.67 87,817.84 90,145.38 220,186.76 247,443.79 231,764.51 237,223.34 259,302.44 236,322.27 225,424.34 228,330.67 355,347.80 560,201.58 485,710.10 385,567.66 131,011.53 91,220.20 68,462.49 4,643,669.38

5,120.50 4,844.00 4,726.75 4,733.75 5,344.50 7,409.50 8,197.00 7,232.75 6,854.75 6,828.50 6,637.75 6,972.00 7,255.50 6,968.50 7,334.25 7,444.50 7,624.75 10,837.75 15,706.25 14,474.25 11,798.50 8,653.75 6,604.50 5,633.25 185,237.50

2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 1.8649 1.8649 1.8649 1.8649 2.3426 2.3426 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.6256 5.5481 5.5481 2.6256 2.5022 2.3426 2.3426

11,995.28 11,347.55 11,072.88 8,827.97 9,966.96 13,817.98 15,286.59 16,943.44 16,057.94 17,086.27 16,608.98 17,445.34 18,154.71 17,436.58 18,351.76 18,627.63 19,078.65 28,455.60 87,139.85 80,304.59 30,978.14 21,653.41 15,471.70 13,196.45 535,306.25

Table 3.4-4: TOU for MOPRECO for the period of November 26 December 25, 2009 National Power Corporation

Page 3-15

TIME

MONDAYS to SATURDAYS
Net KWh
(for a month)

SUNDAYS & HOLIDAYS

Net KWh
(for a month)

KW
(Php)

Amount
(Php)

KW
(Php)

Amount
(Php)

1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 24:00 TOTAL

49,675.50 46,723.25 45,540.25 46,886.00 56,726.25 81,707.50 92,825.25 69,352.50 65,093.00 68,705.00 70,437.50 72,595.25 73,785.25 73,802.75 74,170.25 72,983.75 76,352.50 109,697.00 164,017.00 155,967.00 128,815.75 96,093.75 70,224.00 56,045.50
1,918,221.75

2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 2.5022 2.6256 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.7790 5.5481 5.9872 6.5283 5.9872 5.7790 2.6256 2.5022 2.3426

116,369.83 109,453.89 106,682.59 109,835.14 132,886.91 191,407.99 217,452.43 173,533.83 170,908.18 411,350.58 459,837.13 434,642.28 441,767.05 481,806.49 444,072.12 421,773.09 423,611.31 656,777.88 1,070,752.18 933,805.62 744,426.22 252,303.75 175,714.49 131,292.19 8,812,463.17

13,170.50 12,300.75 11,910.50 12,026.00 13,636.00 18,263.00 20,966.75 18,459.00 17,256.75 17,150.00 16,885.75 17,402.00 17,550.75 17,356.50 17,711.75 17,836.00 18,567.50 26,619.25 38,790.50 36,428.00 30,009.00 22,604.75 17,360.00 14,581.00
279,604.50

2.3426 2.3426 2.3426 1.8649 1.8649 1.8649 1.8649 2.3426 2.3426 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.5022 2.6256 5.5481 5.5481 2.6256 2.5022 2.3426 2.3426

30,853.21 28,815.74 27,901.54 22,427.29 25,429.78 34,058.67 39,100.89 43,242.05 40,425.66 42,912.73 42,251.52 43,543.28 43,915.49 43,429.43 44,318.34 44,629.24 46,459.60 69,891.50 215,213.57 202,106.19 78,791.63 56,561.61 40,667.54 34,157.45 1,341,103.95

Table 3.4-4: TOU for MOPRECO for the period of November 26 December 25, 2009 (Total from SMEC & NPC)

Page 3-16

Figure 3.4-3: Chart showing the Average Consumption per Time of Use, MOPRECO

Generation System Charge for 5 years (Effective Rate, P) Power Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
NPC SMEC
2.9542 2.9921 3.7158 3.7643 2.9241 2.9662 3.7498 3.7209 2.8533 2.9388 3.6908 3.7039 2.9430 2.9429 3.7209 3.7319 3.7768 3.7704 3.7288 3.6819 November December November December

Table 3.4-4: Pass on Power Rates by Power Suppliers to MOPRECO

3.4.3 Unbundled Schedule of Rates per DUs The following tables, Tables 3.4-5 & 3.4-6, will show the unbundled schedule of rates of MOPRECO or the pass on rate of DU (MOPRECO) to their customers per kilowatt-hour for the period of June 2009 and December 2009 respectively.

Page 3-17

UNBUNDLED RATE Generation Charges

Residential

Commercial

Sale for Resale

Public Buildings

Street Lights

Transmission Charges

Generation System Charge

Php/Kwh

4.1745

4.1745

4.1745

4.1745

4.1745

Demand Charge System Charge

Php/Kw Php/Kwh Php/Kwh

24.9800 1.1031 0.8730 1.2548 0.8730 1.0467 0.8730 1.2579 0.8730 1.0274 0.8730

Transmission

System Loss Charge Distribution Charges

Supply Charges

Demand Charge Distribution System Charge

Php/Kw Php/Kwh

24.9800 2.0783 1.2044 0.7424 1.0707 1.9361

Metering Charge

Retail Customer Charge Supply system Charge

Php/Cust . Php/Kwh

17.5600 0.7306

17.5500

17.5400

17.5400

Cross-Subsidy Credit Loan Condonation Universal Charge

Lifeline Rate Discount/Subsidy

Retail Customer Charge Metering System Charge

Php/Cust . Php/Kwh Php/Kwh Php/Kwh Php/Kwh Php/Kwh

5.0000 0.5192

24.4600

44.4300

24.4600

(0.7744) 0.1376 0.0602

(0.3611) 0.1376 0.0602

(0.2620) 0.1376 0.0602

(0.3234) 0.1376 0.0602

(0.9270) 0.1376 0.0602

Value Added Tax Generation Transmission System Loss Distribution AVERAGE FIX CHARGES
12%

0.3751 0.0094 0.0598 12%

0.3751 0.0095 0.0598 12%

0.3751 0.0082 0.0598 12%

0.3751 0.0105 0.0598 12%

0.3751 0.0108 0.0598 12%

9.3466 5.0000

7.7880 44.0200

7.1654 61.9800

7.6961 42.0000

7.7277 17.5400

Table 3.4-5: Rate per Kilowatt-hour of MOPRECO to End User, covering for the month Of June 2009 for the province of Mountain Province

Page 3-18

UNBUNDLED RATE Generation Charges Transmission Charges

Generation System Charge
Php/Kwh

Residentia l

Commercial

Sale for Resale

Public Buildings

Street Lights

3.8960

3.8960

3.8960

3.8960

3.8960

Demand Charge System Charge

Php/Kw Php/Kwh Php/Kwh

24.9800 1.1031 0.8280 1.2548 0.8280 1.0467 0.8280 1.2579 0.8280 1.0274 0.8280

Transmission

System Loss Charge Distribution Charges

Supply Charges

Demand Charge Distribution System Charge

Php/Kw Php/Kwh

24.9800 2.0783 1.2044 0.7424 1.0707 1.9361

Metering Charge

Retail Customer Charge Supply system Charge

Php/Cust . Php/Kwh

17.5600 0.7306

17.5500

17.5400

17.5400

Loan Condonation Universal Charge

PAR

Retail Customer Charge Metering System Charge

Php/Cust . Php/Kwh Php/Kwh Php/Cust Php/Kwh Php/Kwh

5.0000 0.5192 (0.7744)

24.4600

44.4300

24.4600

(0.3611)

(0.2620)

(0.3234)

(0.9270)

0.0398 0.0527 (0.3000)

0.0398 0.0527 (0.3000) 0.3279 0.0029 0.0548 12% 0.0978

0.0398 0.0527 (0.3000) 0.3279 0.0030 0.0548 12% 0.0978

0.0398 0.0527 (0.3000) 0.3279 0.0031 0.0548 12% 0.0978

0.0398 0.0527 (0.3000) 0.3279 0.0028 0.0548 12% 0.0978

Lifeline Rate Discount/Subsidy

Value Added Tax

Generation Transmission System Loss Distribution

12%

0.3279 0.0029 0.0548 12% 0.0978

Addl. Charge per ERC AVERAGE FIX CHARGES

8.6567 5.0000

7.3980 44.0200

6.6368 61.9800

7.3053 42.0000

7.3363 17.5400

Table 3.4-6: Rate per Kilowatt-hour of MOPRECO to End User, covering for the month Of December 2009 for the province of Mountain Province

Page 3-19

Below (Table 3.4-7), is the summary showing the pass on rate of the electric distributor MOPRECO to their customers from the year 2005 up to the year 2009 (all for the month of December).

PASS ON RATE OF MOPRECO TO THEIR END USERS

2005
Total Energy Charge Supply Charge
Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh Rate/KWh Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh Rate/KWh Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh Rate/KWh Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh

2006
10.6316 0.8135 5.00 0.5192 4.8107 9.1638 19.5500 26.4600 4.8107 8.6715 19.5500 44.4300 4.8107 9.0392 19.5300 26.4600 4.8107 9.4175 19.5300 4.8107 -

2007
9.5623 0.8135 5.00 0.5192 4.0883 8.1423 19.5500 26.4600 4.0883 7.6188 19.5500 44.4300 4.0883 8.0147 19.5300 24.4600 4.0883 8.3317 19.5300 4.0883

2008
8.3499 0.8135 5.00 0.5192 3.0673 6.9149 19.5500 26.4600 3.0673 6.3587 19.5500 44.4300 3.0673 6.7767 19..5300 24.4600 3.0673 7.1086 19.5300 3.0673

2009
8.6567 0.7306 5.00 0.5192 3.8960 7.3980 17.5800 26.4600 3.8960 6.6368 17.5500 44.4300 3.8960 7.3053 17.5400 24.4600 3.8960 7.3363 17.5400 3.8960

9.0785 0.6477 5.00 0.5192 4.2269 7.7797 15.5700 26.4600 4.2269 7.2531 15.5500 44.4300 4.2269 7.6444 15.5500 24.4600 4.2269 8.0356 15.5500 4.2269

RESIDENTIAL
Metering C-harge Generation System Charge Total Energy Charge Supply Charge

COMMERCIAL
Metering Charge Generation System Charge Total Energy Charge Supply Charge

SALE for RESALE

Metering Charge Generation System Charge Total Energy Charge Supply Charge

PUBLIC BUILDING

Metering Charge Generation System Charge Total Energy Charge Supply Charge

Rate/KWh Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh P/Consumer Rate/KWh Rate/KWh

STREET LIGHT

Metering Charge Generation System Charge

Table 3.4-7: Summary of Rate Schedule for MOPRECO; Bontoc, Mt. Province

Page 3-20

3.5 SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS

3.5.1 FORECASTING UP TO YEAR 2019 Table 3.5-1 shows the forecasted peak demand (Dpeak) in the Mountain Province. Tabulated data is according to the gathered data from MOPRECO (Mountain Province Electric Cooperative). The 2009 demand level for Ifugao stood at 3.5 MW. Using this as the base line, peak demand for the area will be 4.66 MW by year 2013 and will continually grow up to 7.45 MW by the end of 2019. The aggregate DU (Distribution Utilities) demand forecast indicates an average annual growth of about 7% as shown in Table 3.5-1.

Table 3.5-1: Peak Demand Forecast for the Province of Mountain Province

Table 3.5-2: Generation Forecast for the Province of Mountain Province

Page 3-21

3.5.2 SUPPLY DEMAND PROFILE per ECs/PIOU Forecasting was done by each ECs/DUs, for according to DOE, DUs are in better position to conduct demand forecasting as they have better understanding of the economic development in their respective franchise areas. The PDP (Philippine Development Plan) integrates the peak demand forecasts of DUs based on respective forecasting methodologies including deterministic econometric modelling, trend analysis and engineering or accounting exercises. From Tables 3.5-1, we can identify that by the year 2013, about 4.66 MW is needed in the franchise area of MOPRECO in the province of Mountain Province and it will continuously increase to about 7.45 MW by year 2019 (using the average annual growth of 7% from 2009-2019). 90% of the power supply in the province of Mountain Province depends on Sual Coal Power Plant, which is not environmental friendly. The said power plant supply not only Mt. Province but also others within the northern Luzon. With this, we can say that there would be a power shortage in the province of Mountain Province especially in the coming years. See Tables 3.5-1 and 3.52.

3.6

FINAL EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION

As we can see from all the data presented, power market has no limitations or boundaries. Thus, power requirement will continue to increase simultaneous with the increase in population and economy. Therefore, power generation must be maximized. Hence, indicative or committed power generation projects are very necessary to supplement the committed capacity and to address the looming power shortages. Finally, the proposed project, the Talubin MHP, is very necessary for Mountain Province to have a self sustaining supply of electricity of their own.

Page 3-22

CHAPTER 4.0: COMING SOON

Page 4-1

Chapter 5.0: Geological & Geotechnical Investigation

CHAPTER 5.0: GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS 5.1 GEOLOGY

5.1.1 Geography, Topography, Drainage & Accessibility The project site is part of the Central Physiographic Province, one of the four major geological divisions in the Philippines. This physiographic province is in turn subdivided into six smaller subdivisions whereby the project site is found within the Cagayan-Caraballo Subprovince comprising of two principal mountain ranges and a valley. The Luzon Central Cordillera, where the project site is narrowed down to, is one of these two mountain ranges. It stretches from Ilocos Highland to the northern flank of Caraballo Mountains. It is 320km long and 85km wide with rugged topography. The highest peak, Mt. Pulog (2929m), also the highest in Luzon, forms the common boundary of Benguet, Ifugao and Nueva Viscaya. The project site is specifically located practically at the top of Central Cordillera at Brgy. Bay-yo, Talubin, Mountain Province. The watershed of Talubin River originates at the footslopes of Mt. Polis (2255m) on its right flank, and along a higher ridge on its left flank amplified by peaks such as Mt. Calawit (2714m) and others that rise above 2,000m elevation and define the essentially north-south ridge boundary between Mt. Province and Ifugao. The weir and powerhouse site themselves are placed at 1183 and 1080m, respectively. Talubin River essentially flows northward up to the capital town of Bontoc, then northeastward as it enters Kalinga-Apayao Province where it becomes Chico River, briefly turns westward from Naneng up to the capital town of Tabuk where it then flows essentially northward past Tuao, Cagayan, again briefly turns westward from Minanga to Sto. Nino, Cagayan where enlarged river irretrievably meanders northward. Shortly thereafter, Chico River merges with the main drainage line of Cagayan Valley the Cagayan River. Brgy. Bay-yo is one of those areas where field terraces had been built by a highly determined and industrious mountain people despite extreme difficulty and adversary just so they could plant their favorites staples of rice in alternation with sweet potatoes. It is located about 14km south of Bontoc. It could be reached from Manila by boarding the Cable Bus at E. Rodriguez Avenue Extension, travel through Cagayan Valley Road until Bagabag, Nueva Viscaya where the road starts trending northwestward and begins its ascent onto Central Cordillera, passes by Banaue, Ifugao site of the world-famous Banaue Rice Terraces and travel further northward until it passes by the road crossing at the said barangay after about 10-11hrs of travel. A downslope barangay road and trail leads to the powerhouse site in 15min. And from the barangay center, the weir site may be reached after 60-75min of hiking along a trail located high on the left flank of the river valley, past the said rice terraces and trail that connect the same to another rice terraces area upstream at the said site.
Talubin Mini-Hydro Project Feasibility Study Page 5-1

Chapter 5.0: Geological & Geotechnical Investigation

5.1.2 Regional / General Geology The project site is part of the Central Physiographic Province, one of the four major geological divisions in the Philippines. This physiographic province is in turn subdivided into six smaller subdivisions whereby the project site is found within the Luzon Central Cordillera Subprovince comprising of two principal mountain ranges and a valley. The Luzon Central Cordillera is composed of intermediate to mafic plutonic masses with intercalated volcanic and metasediments along the marginal area. Silicic intrusive and extrusives are along the headwaters in KalingaApayao. There are terraces which are remnants of extensive valley-filling silicic tuffs. Miocene carbonates and clastics occur at many high places in Kalinga-Apayao, Mountain Province and Ifugao. (see plate no. 5.1)

Talubin MHP

Plate No. 5.1: Regional Geology Map of Mountain Province & Vicinity

Talubin Mini-Hydro Project Feasibility Study

Page 5-2

Chapter 5.0: Geological & Geotechnical Investigation

A stratigraphy of said subprovince is presented below from youngest to oldest, as follows: Geologic Age Quaternary Late Pleistocene Pleistocene to Pliocene Miocene Formation Quaternary Alluvium Terrace Gravel Awiden Mesa Formation Quaternary Volcanics Rosario Formation Andesite Dike Klondyke Formation Kennon Formation Balatok Plug Black Mountain Porphyry Zigzag Formation Oligocene Eocene Paleocene to Jurassic Agno Batholith Tineg Formation Licuan Group Dalupirip Schist

Quaternary Alluvium is a composite term for all loose mud, silt, sand and gravel that were derived from older rocks and/or bedrocks found along rivers, floodplains and other places of deposition. These are mostly found covering the debris avalanche and fan deposits. Terrace Gravels occur locally in the various parts of Luzon Central Cordillera. They are particularly well developed at Kalinga-Apayao where at least three levels of terraces demonstrate recent isostatic adjustments or changes in base level. Awiden Mesa Formation was named after Awiden Mesa, 6kms northwest of Lubuagan, Kalinga-Apayao. The formation is composed of welded tuffs and tuffaceous sediments of dacitic type. It is characterized by the presence of bipyramidal quartz phenocrysts and euhedra of hornblende and sodic feldspar. The tuffaceous sediments are of various shades of tan and gray and show variable clast sizes and rounding. The maximum thickness in the type locality is at least 300m. Rosario Formation was named for the rocks in the vicinity of Rosario, La Union. It is an alternation of brown sandstone, shale and siltstone with minor tuff, sandy limestone and pebble conglomerate beds and upraised coral
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beach sand. The thickness is 1600m on the east flank of the Rosario Syncline, and 3300m on the west flank. Andesite Dikes equivalent to Late Intrusive Andesites intrude the Klondyke. It is probably Late Miocene or Early Pliocene in age. The andesite rocks prevalent around Bontoc, Mt. Province which includes the project site belong to this rock suite. Klondyke Formation is an intimate mixture of lava flows, flow breccias, pyroclastics and normal clastic sediments changing from terrestrial volcanicpyroclastics to lagoonal-littoral clastics eastward. The base at Naguilian and Kennon Roads is bedded polimictic conglomerate overlapped by poorly bedded to massive pyroclastic lava. The Klondyke Conglomerate and the Pico Pyroclastics are members of this formation. Kennon Formation was first used to designate the limestone along the Kennon Road. It includes the Kennon Limestone and the Twin Peaks Sandstone as members. The limestone member can be traced northward from Bued Canyon with minor gaps to the well exposed sections along Tineg River in Abra and southward to Labayog, Pangasinan. It is mainly massive with few andesite pebbles. The matrix is arenaceous and the small bioherm has off-reef facies arenaceous limestone. It has a basal greywacke with minor sandy claystone beds. The sandstone member consists of a basal interbedded limestone and mudstone that grade upward into a thin a mediumbedded mudstone-graywacke sequence. Balatoc Plug occurs at Acupan Mine, within nearly closed embayment of the Agno Batholith. It consists of angular fragments of a wide variety of rocks, the most common of which are quartz diorite, porphyritic andesite and dacite. Other fragments are granodiorite, metasediments and ultramafic rocks. Black Mountain Porphyry Complex is the name used for the hypabyssal intrusives that are clearly post-Agno and pre-Klondyke. It is typically represented by the quartz diorite porphyry later dacite porphyry in Kennon and Thanksgiving Mass. It intrudes the Kennon Formation but not the Klondyke Formation in the type locality. Zigzag Formation is used for the thick sequence of well bedded clastic sedimentary rocks typically exposed in the Upper Bued River Canyon. The formation is traced through Baguio City to the Bukod area east of Ambuklao and along the Baguio-Lepanto road. It consists of intercalated, thick to massive, well compacted and poorly sorted conglomerate, volcanic flows and wackes, limited calcareous arkosic sandstone, red tuffaceous shale, with few interbeds of tuff and locally, agglomerates and pyroclastics. Agno Batholith refers to the largest intrusive body that trends north-south across the eastern half of the Baguio District that is exposed along the Agno River, extending northward. It also refers to smaller batholithic diorite bodies that follow a north-south trend along the backbone of the Cordillera and extend northward to Pasaleng Bay, Ilocos Norte. The rocks within the batholith are mafic-rich hornblende diorite, hornblende quartz diorite, biotitehornblende diorite, granodiorite, adamellite and gneissic diorite. These are medium to coarse-grained, hypidiomorphic and allotriomorphic equigranular rocks. It is highly possible that the andesite dikes above are differential
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equivalents of this intrusive body and actually are part and parcel of the same. Tineg Formation, consisting mainly of dacitic pyroclastic rocks with intercalated limestone beds and dacite lava layers, is widely distributed in the Bontoc area and unconformably overlies the Licuan Group. The Licuan Group is composed of Formations I and II. Formation I consists mainly of basalt lava and basaltic andesite lava with small amounts of andesitic pyroclastic rocks. It is exposed along Layacan River on the west and in a smaller area to the west of Bontoc, Mountain Province. Formation II is composed of andesite lava and andesitic pyroclastic rocks with limestone lenses in part. It is widely distributed along the Binongan River and in the lower stream of Baay River. The Pugo Formation and the Eocene Limestone in Lammin, Ilocos Norte are herein included in this group. The Dalupirip Schist, considered the oldest rock in Itogon, Benguet, was named after Barrio Dalupirip, Itogon. The age could be older than Eocene and may extend to Cretaceous or even Jurassic age. The rock was earlier considered as belonging to the basement complex. These are mainly quartzplagioclase-augite-hornblende, quartz-plagioclase-garnet-hornblende, quartzplagioclase-epidote-chlorite and quartz-plagioclase-mica schists. They are separated from the Agno Batholith on the west and from the Licuan Group on the east by major northwest faults. 5.1.3 Seismicity The Philippine Mobile Belt is considered as an integral part of the Circum Pacific Belt of Gutenberg and Richter. It is further subdivided into four blocks, each of which is separated by a zone of deep shearing, and manifested on the surface by linear zones of depressions and abrupt topographic discontinuities. One such block, the so-called North Luzon, encompasses the project site. A concentration of earthquake epicenters is associated with the structures that limit the blocks. The Philippine Fault, which separates the mobile belt and the stable region of Luzon, has a sinistral displacement. The fault, past Dingalan-Bitulok valley northwards, splits into several splays which further branch out into smaller structures cutting longitudinally along and across the Central Cordillera and Caraballo Mountains. In general, two sets of structural grains are predominant: (1) N-S fault system and, (2) NW-SE fault system. Other fault systems with different orientations occur but they are less persistent than the above within Talubin site. Based on the records of PHIVOLCS, there are 75 earthquakes with magnitude 5 and above whose epicenters are found within 100kms of the project area (see Table 5.1). Twelve (12) of these are >6.0, and one (1) is >7.0 magnitude. The most notably devastating of these occurred on December 29, 1949 when a magnitude 7.2 with epicenter near Pinukpuk, Kalinga-Apayao struck along a north-northwest trending thrust fault thereat and wrecked destruction on houses and other properties on the locality and its immediate vicinity.

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All of these tectonic events are as usual the effect of the continuous readjustments of rocks or plates deep beneath the earth crust ranging in distance from <65 to >300kms primarily caused by the annual subduction of the Pacific Plate against the China Plate where the Philippines rests.

Plate No. 5.2: Seismicity Map of Mt. Province (1907-2010) In the calculation of an aseismic design value, earthquake records from 1931 to 2003 were used based on the Iwasaki Method for the Statistical Analysis of Strong Motion Acceleration (see Table 5.2 and Table 5.3). The analysis gave a total of fifty four (54) earthquakes with magnitudes 5 and greater within 100 km radius from the proposed project site. Computing their respective ground accelerations as a function of distance and magnitude, the corresponding return periods were calculated by the program. Finally, plotting the computed values of ground acceleration and the corresponding return period, a ground acceleration of 130 gals every 100 years was determined (see Plate no. 5.3).

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TABLE 5.1: PHILVOCS LIST OF MAGNITUDE 5 & ABOVE EARTHQUAKES (1927-2009)

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TABLE 5.2: VIOLENT EARTHQUAKES THAT HAVE AFFECTED PROJECT AREA IN 1907-2005

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TABLE 5.3: COMPUTED MAX ACCELERATION IN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (BY IWASAKI)

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Plate No. 5.3: Plotting of Non-Annual Exceedence Series

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As a check against this result, PHIVOLCS graph showing various recommended accelerations for any area within the Philippines were used. Based on one of their graph, the recommended acceleration with 90% probability of not being exceeded in 50 years is 200 for rocks (see Plate no. 5.4 to 5.7), the same value derived above. It is therefore recommended that a value of 200 gals be adapted for this project.

PLATE NO. 5.4 Acceleration in Soil 90% Probability of Not Exceeded in 50 Years

Plate No. 5.5 Acceleration in Medium Soil 90% Probability of Not Being Being Exceeded in 50 Years

Plate No. 5.6 Acceleration in Hard Soil 90% Probability of Not Being Exceeded in 50 Years

Plate No. 5.7 Acceleration in Rock 90% Probability of Not Being Exceeded in 50 Years

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5.1.4 Site Geology As has been discussed above under Regional Geology, the project site is underlain by Andesite Dikes which are essentially Miocene in age. By itself, andesite rock is supposed to be volcanic in lithology mainly based on its finegrained texture. But the same had been mapped as dikes, or elongated essentially north-south bodies with clear-cut geologic contact with older rocks such as Zigzag and/or Tineg Formations. It is due to this that these andesite dikes, such as are found at the project site, can be considered as intrusive bodies much like the Agno Batholith and other small diorite bodies that trend north-south trend along the backbone of the Cordillera Central. The only difference is that the former rock types are products of magmatic differentiation and were crystallized in shallow or closeto-the-earth-surface environments such that there was no chance for the various components to form into bigger crystal minerals, hence the generally aphanitic or fine-grained to medium grained textures of the same. 5.1.4.1 Weir Site Talubin River is still on its early stage of development. The area is characterized by high river gradient manifested by many rapids and waterfalls all around, relatively straight river course, steep to cliff-like valley sides and relatively narrow waterways floodplains upstream and downstream of the project site. The asymmetric dam axis is set across still a relatively narrow berth of the river but is generally wide when compared with narrow gorges that are everywhere upstream and downstream of the same. The axis which is located about 250m downstream of the confluence of Parad Creek with the main Talubin River, has a bank-to-bank distance of 30m, with the waterway of only about 6m confined on the right abutment, hugging and in the process exposing the bedrock therein (see photo nos. 5.1 & 5.2). River discharge at the time of the survey is roughly 3 CMS.

Photo No. 5.1: Photo showing dam site location looking downstream, with red d h d li i di ti d

Photo No. 5.2: Another photo showing dam site location looking upstream, with red d h d li i di ti d

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The river bed deposits consist mostly of well-graded sand, gravels, cobbles and boulders. These are well manifested from the edge of the waterway to the left bank, roughly a distance of 25m. It is possible that the alluvium should attain a maximum thickness of 8-10m right at the center of the river. The right abutment is a steep, actually vertical rock wall from the waterway to about 15m up to the rice terraces above it (see photo nos. 5.3 & 5.4). The flatter sides of the right abutment from the nose of this small ridge that plunge westward towards the river up to about 700m downstream had been terraced and converted into irrigated rice fields. From a river bed elevation of 1180m through the rice terraces and upslope, this vaguely defined ridge continues its precipitous rise until it attains a peak elevation of 2180m and become part of main high north-south ridge of Central Cordillera.

Photo No.5.3: Two photos showing bottom to top rock outcrop on the i ht b t t

Photo No.5.4: Two photos showing bottom to top rock outcrop on the i ht b t t

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The left flank is not as initially steep as the right, possibly only 50-60 from the horizontal (see photo nos. 5.5 & 5.6) , but this broad ridge that essentially plunges eastward towards the river, also has very steep sides up to 1600m, slackens a bit up to 1800m, then resumes its steep ascent up to a peak elevation of 2145m and aligns with Mt. Calawit (2714m) to form a bigger ridge that plunges northeast. The side slopes here are covered with talus and/or colluvial materials as well as residual soil with combined thickness of a meter or less.

Photo No. 5.5: Two photos showing bottom to top slope on the left abutment. No bedrock is shown save for t l

Photo No. 5.5: Two photos showing bottom to top slope on the left abutment. No bedrock is shown save for t l

Both abutments are underlain by andesite rock. As exposed on the vertical wall on the right abutment, the rock is generally greenish gray to light gray in color, fine to medium grained, hard to very hard, slightly jointed to massive and slightly weathered as whole, although some moderately weathered and fresh rocks also abound. This foundation rock is strong and very competent, it should suffice even for a high dam structure. Structurally, possible presence of a fault normal to Talubin River upstream and downstream of the adopted dam axis is suggested by landform and the straight river course. Suggested fault may be aligned along a northsouth orientation again parallel to the river. However, this is at best manifestation of main structural grain around the project site but do not in fact have any adverse effect on the dam and/or pond sites locations. Minor geologic structures such as vertical columnar joints and others that dip moderately downstream (30/45) and upstream (210/50) were noted upstream of the axis. The joints are large and open, 10-30cm wide. Both abutments are practically bare of vegetal cover, save for a few pine trees starting at 15-20m upslope. The trees thicken as one goes upslope. Generally however, the watershed area of the project site is still well forested.

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5.1.4.2

Headrace The headrace alignment for the Talubin project site is relatively long at 3,110m from the weir site to the surge tank site. It shall be coursed along one of the most precipitous valley sides ever envisaged for a water conveyance, and possibly the highest in elevation as it is located atop Cordillera Central Mountains (see photo nos. 5.7 to 5.17).

Photo No. 5.7 (633)

Photo No. 5.8 (635)

Photo No. 5.9 (637)

Photo No. 5.10 (642)

Photo No. 5.11 (645)

Photo No. 5.12 (647)

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Photo No. 5.13: Series of photos showing headrace alignment indicated by red dashed lines along the left flank/valley side of

Photo No. 5.14: Series of photos showing headrace alignment indicated by red dashed lines along the left flank/valley side of

Photo No. 5.16: Series of photos showing headrace alignment indicated by red dashed lines along the left flank/valley side of Photo No. 5.15: Series of photos showing headrace alignment indicated by red dashed lines along the left flank/valley side of

Photo No. 5.17: Series of photos showing headrace alignment indicated by red dashed lines along the left flank/valley

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Specifically, the headrace alignment shall run along the eastern side of a generally north trending and plunging ridge that sets the boundary between Guitron River on the west and Talubin River to the east, both of which are meet at a confluence on the north near Bontoc as the same are tributaries of Chico River. From the weir site, the alignment shall maintain 1,700m elevation up to the surge tank along a relatively straight northern direction except when the same shall go around and past a gully. Initially, the first 1,000m of the conveyance shall traverse moderate side slopes not so high up from the Talubin River. But onwards and beyond, the headrace shall be between 60 to 90m in height from the river bed, and it shall traverse a very steep, almost ravine-like side of Talubin river valley. There shall definitely be difficulty in backhoeing if not blasting the sides to make a berm or platform for the headrace pipes to be placed or bolted onto. The rock along the alignment is expected to consist uniformly of andesite similar to that encountered at the weir site and anywhere within the proposed project site. The rock is generally fresh to slightly weathered, slightly jointed and possesses induration that is slightly harder than other volcanic rocks. Along where the headrace should pass through, vegetation growth is generally moderate where trees and shrubs are still in abundance, particularly near the weir site especially upslope of it, but becomes thin as the alignment nears the surge tank area.

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5.1.4.3

Forebay & Penstock Alignment The forebay or surge tank is located on a relatively flat area along the left flank of the valley within an imaginary 1,700m contour line (see photo no. 5.18 (585). The flatland is located on a mound along the relatively steepsided flank that may pass as an almost imperceptible small ridge that plunges northeastward towards the left bank of Talubin River just before a gully about 15m downstream (see photo no. 5.19). The spot is presently the location of a granary or shed roofed with galvanized iron sheets.

Photo No. 5.18: Photo showing headrace approach and the forebay/ surge tank area indicated b

Photo No. 5.19: Another photo of the surge tank or forebay area indicated

The surge tank shall be excavated either as a shaft or pool into level ground that is underlain by volcanic rock consisting mainly of andesite which is generally slightly-to moderately weathered, jointed but hard. From the surface, the soil is brownish clayey sand (CL) with maximum thickness of about 2m. It is expected to have some weathered admixtures of angular clasts mostly gravel in sizes.

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The relatively short penstock of about 200m or less between the surge tank and powerhouse site shall plunge aslant towards the river after going past the unnamed gully/creek where said proposed turbine housing shall be relocated (see photo no. 5.20). This shall be done to prevent damage to any existing rice terraces on the left flank of the river. It shall traverse a moderate to steep plunge that shall start at elevation 1,170m and end up at 1,080m at the turbine housing unit. The penstock comprises a pressurized conduit on a series of concrete foundation plinths. Preparation for the alignment includes trenching in the direction of the slope perpendicular to the plunge.

Photo No. 5.20: Photo showing penstock alignment indicated by red dashed lines and the surge tank and powerhouse sites i di t d b d

The penstock trench shall be jointly founded on soil similar to the composition of the forebay/surge tank area and on weathered volcanic bedrock described above. The residual soil shall be about a meter in thickness, while the weathered rock should contribute another meter to the total excavation. Generally sparse to moderate growth of trees, shrubs and grasses interspersed with few orchard plants can be found along the penstock alignment.

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5.1.4.4 Powerhouse Site

The powerhouse site, as indicated on the prepared project lay-out, shall be located upstream of the small gully/creek. But the site has to be relocated downstream of the same so as not to infringe and damage some of the local residents rice fields located on said upstream side (see photo no. 5.21).

Photo No. 5.21: Photo showing powerhouse site

At the time of the survey, the gully is practically dried up, and it is possible that it gets its flow only during the rainy season. In contrast, Talubin River is perennial and never dries up even during dry season. The river immediately below the relocated powerhouse site is very narrow, possibly less than 5m wide, with swift water currents or rapids to go with it. The turbine housing will also be founded on andesite that is bluish to lightish gray in color, slightly weathered, slightly-to moderately jointed, and highly indurated and strong. There is absence of residual soil so that the flatform for the yard will simply have to be carved out of this hard rock material, and this may require controlled blasting of the generally steep river side (see photo no. 5.22.

Photo No. 5.22: Photo showing close-up of andesite rocks at the proposed

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It is to the best advantage of the powerhouse site if it is to be carved out at least 10m above the river bed. This shall protect the housing installations from periodic inundation of the main river. This is a substantial compensation that a loss of a few head will bring about. 5.2 SUB-SURFACE INVESTIGATIONS Core drilling has been dispensed with at the present level of study. However, if it is decided later on that efficiency in water containment is a must, then some form of drilling and water pressure tests (WPT) are necessary as a basis for the drawing up of a grouting plan for the dam axis. This may be accomplished prior to construction, or during the detailed engineering (DE) stage of the project. Also, as amplified under weir site section, the type of foundation required in the overflow dam may or may not require drilling, the final decision of which rests with Project Management. But it is in the best interest of the project if both options are present to draw the final decision from. In any case, a drilling program particularly for this plan of development should be drawn. Two (2) boreholes for the weir site at 15m deep, one at the surgetank/forebay area, and one at the powerhouse site for each project, also at 15m each, should be drilled, firstly, to ascertain the thickness of the river deposit overlying the bedrock and, secondly, to know the permeability of the same with the conduct of water pressure tests (WPT) applicable for the weir site drilling; and thirdly, to probe the thickness and nature of both the overlying and underlying material at the proposed powerhouse site. In sum, a total of four (4) drill holes with aggregate meterage of 60m is hereby proposed for Talubin project site. 5.2.2 Test Pitting Excavation of test pits along the proposed headrace may be selectively undertaken in lieu of drilling to save on subsurface investigation cost. This may be done in spots where soil strata or rock weathering is relatively thick. A test pit is a column that is dug into the ground by means of pick, bar and/or shovel. For this project, the diggers were asked to excavate each pit with dimensions of 1 meter x 1 meter x 3 meters, the last dimension being the depth, which could be more or less depending upon the facility or difficulty posed by the material being excavated. A total of ten (10) test pits may be dug, logged and sampled. As in the drilling, the pitting is only optional, hence the limited number of excavation. The soil samples may be sent to a materials testing laboratory for a series of tests on its mechanical and other engineering properties.

5.2.1 Core Drilling

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5.3

GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS AT THE PROJECT SITES There are essentially two major structural orientations in the province. One is essentially oriented along a north-northwest to south-southeast direction; the other is along a northeast-southwest direction. All of these geologic structures had been discussed under Seismicity. The discontinuities include the dip directions and dips of the joints on the andesite rock that after all completely comprise the rocks in the area. The joints and shears are mostly steeply dipping (50-80) to vertical with dips mostly towards the west, but these are far in between and do not present any adverse effect on the stability of the sites.

5.3.1 Orientation and Behavior of Discontinuities

5.3.2 Hydrogeologic / Groundwater Conditions and Water Tightness The project sites do not have substantial river, slope wash or substantial residual deposits on their river/creek beds, banks or slopes. Hence, their permeabilities will be mainly those of the rock underlying them. Many of the joints noted in the weir sites were closed by calcite, chert, quartz or zeoliths. It is then anticipated that the permeability of the bedrocks is low. The k value of the bedrocks is assumed to be between 10 7 and 10 8 m/s. On the basis of observations made in the field, it is assumed that a cut-off trench may be about 5m below rock foundation level in the weir site. Curtain grouting is optional to seal off excess seepage for more efficient water utilization. In any case, a grout plan may be prepared on request. 5.3.3 Foundation Conditions The proposed dam at Brgy Bay-yo shall be founded on slightly weathered to fresh andesite rock. The following excavation depths are assessed from the field findings: Left bank River section Right bank 1 meter 8 -10 meters none needed

The bearing capacity of the bedrock is estimated to be 1,800 kPa, which permits safe foundation of the 3-5m engineering structure. The corresponding shear strength is assumed as follows: Friction angle Cohesion 32 - 38 100 - 200 kPa

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5.3.4 Slope Stability The residual soils and/or the silty talus on the left bank should be excavated as steep as possible to avoid their erosion. It is recommended to excavate the slopes with 80 for a height up to 3m, providing a 2m-wide berm with a hillside ditch. Uphill of the slope, another ditch shall be provided to catch the surface run-off. All the ditches should be drained towards the downstream side of the construction pit. In the initial design of the dam, abutment slopes of the following grades are recommended: Soil overburden materials Bedrock materials 30 37

Artificial rock slopes will be created by excavations, and their stability depends on the strike and dip of the discontinuities in the rock mass. At the proposed dam site, the majority of the discontinuities do intersect the centerline of the weir at oblique angles; hence, no intersection of unfavorably dipping joints could form rock wedges to slide or to topple into the pit. However, there is no need to protect the slopes by wire mesh and shotcreting when the excavation depth exceeds 2 meters as the rocks are hard and competent. However, permanent rock slopes particularly those weathered may be protected against further weathering by reinforced shotcrete including rock bolts where necessary.

5.3.5 Grouting Grouting shall reduce seepage losses along joints. However, for a 3-5m high dam structure, this procedure may be dispensed with. Grouting may be performed by means of an ordinary mix cement, bentonite and water. In case of high takes, a filler with the same grain size as cement, such as rock flour or fly ash would be added. Excavation of the foundation level of the dam by smooth blasting, even if executed with utmost care, will create artificial crack in the rockmass. Consolidation grouting has to be performed after concreting the weir body to seal the cracks and to seal the joints between rockmass and concrete. 5.3.6 Siltation The catchment area has relatively thick forest cover. Hence, siltation of the pond will be minimal to nil. This is advantageous to be taken into consideration in the final design of the structure, as well as in the computation of the life of the reservoir.

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5.4

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Concrete aggregate materials can be extracted out within proximate distance to the project sites. Talubin River is by and large narrow and the gradient too high to allow for the huge deposition of sand and gravel along its steep banks. But there are stretches of the river where enough alluvial deposits from which suitable sizes may be sorted or mined out of. The river deposits within the vicinity of the proposed weir site (see photo no.5. 23 (624). Some deposits can also be seen downstream and between the proposed weir and powerhouse sites (see photo no. 5.24 & 5.25).

5.4.1 Rocks

Photo No. 5.23: Photo showing alluvial deposits upstream of weir site where t Photo No. 5.24: Overview of alluvial deposits between the proposed weir and powerhouse sites where concrete aggregates

Photo No. 5.25: Overview of alluvial deposits between the proposed weir and powerhouse sites where concrete aggregates may be

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Chapter 5.0: Geological & Geotechnical Investigation

Nearly 80% of the fractions in the river are composed of materials of volcanic and igneous origins that are undoubtedly well indurated and hence the required strength is sufficient for concrete. The alkali reactivity, however, still remains to be tested due to presence of deleterious materials originating from the bedded sedimentary rocks. Small amount of washing may be done as well to get rid of excess clayey and silty materials also coming from pyroclastic and sedimentary rock types. 5.5 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The project is definitely feasible from geological/geotechnical point of view. The andesite rock at the site is more than substantial to be foundation materials for the envisioned weir and powerhouse. Prior to embarking on the final design of Talubin Mini-Hydropower Project, it is essential that subsurface investigations and laboratory testings are undertaken. The complete results will better define the physical and mechanical properties of the subsurface material, thus providing a sound basis for a safe and economic design. The types and objectives of the future investigations for the Detailed Engineering Design Phase are: Drilling at the proposed weir and powerhouse site to confirm the depth, permeability and the physical and mechanical properties of the overburden and the bedrock; Test pitting, and if possible auger boring, along the stretch of the headrace to define the properties of the soil and/or rock materials that will constitute the make-up of said water conveyance.

However, the above are the ideal steps that should be undertaken to complete the study and evaluation of the project. But project proponent/management could always opt to do away with further field investigations in as much as the weir site at the center line consist anyway of loose but adequate materials for foundation.

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