4

3
(2)

(1)

(Maneuvering

model) (3)
1

3 (1) Approach Channel: A Guide for Design
Permanent International Association of Navigation Congress
(PIANC1) (2) Guidelines for the Safe Design of Commercial
Shipping Channels) (Fisheries

PIANC Permanent International Association of Navigation

Congress

(http://www.pianc-aipcn.org/pianc.php)

3-1

and Oceans) 2 (3) Waterway Guidelines 2011)

Rijkswaterstaat3
2 (Maneuvering model)

(Self

propel)

(Push

convoy)

(Towing tug)
-

(Physical
model)

2
3

Fisheries and Ocean Department of

Fisheries and Oceans

(Safeguarding) (
: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/index-eng.htm)
Rijkswaterstaat

(Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment)

() (
: http://www.rijkswaterstaat.nl/en/)

4-2

4.1
3

(1)

(Approach channels A Guide for

Design)

PIANC
(2)

(Guidelines for the Safe Design of Commercial Shipping
Channels)
Oceans)

(Fisheries
(3)

(Waterway
Guidelines

2011)

and

2011
Rijkswaterstaat

PIANC

Rijkswaterstaat

2

PIANC

Rijkswaterstaat
4.1.1 PIANC
PIANC
(1990)

(Standardization

of

inland

waterways

dimensions)

European
Union
Ministry
of
Transport
..1954

4-3

20
4

6 I - VI ( 4 1)

( 6.2
2

8.6

3
)

(River/Sea Navigation
Short
Sea
Shipping)

( )

14 2 2 2

4-4

(Air draft)

4-5

4 - 1 PIANC (1990)

/1

(.)

barg

38.5

Barg

50-

55

II

D.E.

67-

K.

80

II

(.)

5.05

6.50

8.20

(.
)

()

2.2

250-

400

2.5

400-

650

2.5

650-

1000

/
2

(.)

(.)

(.)

()
(.)
(.)

R.H.

80-

K.

85

9.50

2.5

1000-

1500

(.)

(.)
4.0

4.5

5.0
1-EI

Eur
85

9.50

2.50

1240

ope
I

70.0

9.5

(EI)

4-6

2.5

5.25

V
a
V

/1

G.R.

(.)
95110

(.)

11.40

(.
)

()

2.8

1500-

3000

/
2

1-EII

2-EII

4-EIIa

172-

185195

95-

185

(.)

105

b
V

6-EIIa

(.)

(.)

()
(.)
(.)

11.40 2.80

1850

22.80 4.50

3700

ope

8000-

Eur

12000

ope

195

34.20 4.50

(.)

76.5

11.4

2.8

7.0

76.5

11.4

3.9

9.1

22.80 4.50 12000- (EII

18000

(.)

(EII)

IIa
270

Eur
II

11.40 2.80

a)

4-7

: D.E.K. Dortmund-Ems-Canal standard vessel, E.H.K. Rhine-Herne-Canal standard

vessel, G.R. Large Rhine vessel 1-EI 1
Europe I 1

: Permanent International Association of Navigation Congress (working group no 9 of the permanent technical
committee I), Standardization of Inland Waterways Dimensions, 1990 15

4-8

PIANC
(1996)

(Standardization of Ships and Inland

Waterways
for
River/Sea
Navigation)

PIANC

(1990)

( 4 - 2)
3
- 1

2

3

(Air

draft)

(Draught)

(Minimum

bridge

clearance)

-
4 3
4 - 2 -
(PIANC 1996)

Va

()

95-110

11.40

2.50 -

()
5.25/7.00/9.10

4-9

-
1

()

95-110

11.40

4.50

80-90

11.40

2.50

()

4.50
3.50
4.50

Vb

172

11.40

185
Via

95-110

2.50

5.25/7.00/9.10

4.50
22.80

2.50

7.00/9.10

4.50
VIb

-
2
-

140

15

3.90

7.00/9.10

185-195

22.80

2.50

7.00/9.10

110-120

15

4.50

9.10

135

22.80

3.50

9.10

4.50

4.00
4.50
Vic
6

6
VII

270

22.80

2.50

9.10

280

33 - 34.20

4.50

9.10

195

2.50

200

4.50

285

33

2.50

34.20

4.50

9.10

4-10

PIANC, Standardization of Ships and Inland Waterways for

River/Sea Navigation, , , 1996 19

4-11

4 - 3 -

()

()

90

13

3.5 4.5

7 9.1

135

16

3.5 4.5

9.1

135

22.8

4.5

9.1

- 1
2
3

PIANC, Standardization of Ships and Inland Waterways for

River/Sea Navigation, , , 1996 21

( )



(Maneuverable)
PIANC IAPH5 (1997)
IMPA6

IALA7

IAPH International Association of Ports and Harbors

(http://www.iaphworldports.org/index.html)
IMPA International Maritime Pilots Association

4-12

(Approach
Channels:
A
Guide
for

Design)

( 4 1) 1 2

(Rudder
angle) 4 - 2
20

wbr

wBM

wp

wBM

wbg

(http://www.impahq.org)
7

IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and

Lighthouse Authorities

IALA

4-13

4 - 1
PIANC (1997) 5.11 23

w wBM wi wBr wBg

i 1

w 2wBM 2 wi wBr wBg w p

i 1

wBM

(Basic maneuverable

lane) 4 - 4
wi

4 - 5
w Br w Bg

wp

4 - 6

4 - 7

4 - 4 ( wBM )

1.3 B

1.5 B

1.8 B

PIANC-IAPH Approach Channels: A Guide for Design,

, 1997, 20

4-14

4-15

4 - 5 ( wi )

0.1 B

0.1 B

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

00

0.3 B

0.4 B

0.4 B

0.5 B

0.5 B

0.6 B

0.8 B

0.8 B

1.0 B

1.0 B

0.0

0.0

0.1 B

0.2 B

0.1 B

1. ()
- > 12
- > 8 12
- 5 8
2.

- <= 15
<= Beaufort 4
- > 15 33
> Beaufort 4
Beaufort 7
- > 33 48
> Beaufort 7
Beaufort 9
3.

()

- < 0.2
- 0.2 0.5

4-16

- > 0.5 1.5

0.3 B

0.2 B

0.5 B

0.7 B

0.5 B

1.0 B

0.8 B

0.7 B

1.0 B

1.3 B

0.0

00

~2.0 B

~1.0 B

~0.5 B

~3.0 B

~2.2 B

~1.5 B

0.0

0.0

0.1 B

0.1 B

0.2 B

0.2 B

>=0.5 B

>=0.5 B

- > 1.5 2.0

4.
()
- Hs <= 1
- 3 > Hs > 1

- Hs > 3

5.

- ( VTS)

4-17

0.0

0.0

0.1 B

0.1 B

0.1 B

0.1 B

0.2 B

0.2 B

0.0

0.0

0.1 B

0.2 B

0.2 B

0.4 B

0.0

0.0

~0.5 B

~0.4 B

~1.0 B

~0.8 B

6.
- > 1.5
T
- < 1.5
T
-

-
7.
- > 1.5 T
- 1.5 T 1.25 T
- < 1.25 T
8.

PIANC-IAPH Approach Channels: A Guide for Design 5.2

21

4-18

4-19

4 - 6

0.7 B

0.5 B

0.5 B

0.3 B

0.3 B

1.3 B

1.0 B

1.0 B

0.5 B

0.5 B

PIANC-IAPH Approach Channels: A Guide for Design 5.4

22

4 - 7

- > 12

2.0 B

- > 8 12

1.6 B

1.4 B

- 5 8

1.2 B

1.0 B

0.0

0.0

0.2 B

0.2 B

0.5 B

0.4 B

- 1 /.
- 1 3 /.
- 3 /.

4-20

PIANC-IAPH Approach Channels: A Guide for Design

5.3 22 5.6 24

( 4

2) 1.10

( 4 2)
20

(Tidal)
Froude
number

( 3)
(Squat) 4 3 4

( 4 - 4)

4-21


20

R/Lp

18

16

14

12

10

Remark
R Turning radius (over f irst 90 degrees heading change)
Lp Length of design ship between perpendiculars

10

20

30

Rudder angle (deg.)

4 - 2
PIANC (1997) 5.9 19

4-22

10

20

30

Rudder angle (deg.)

4 - 3

PIANC (1997) 5.9 19

4-23

4 - 4 SQUAT
PIANC (1997) 5.7 18

4-24

Froude number
Fnh

gh

Fnh

Froude number 0.6

0.7

9.81 /2

(Squat)
Squat

2 .4

L2pp

Fnh2
(1 Fnh2 )

Squat

..

L pp

Fnh

Froude depth number

4-25


wave
Still water level
draft

squat
Safety
clearance
sediment between
dredging period

4 - 5
Gregory P. Tsinker (2004) 10.7 708

4.1.2 Rijkswaterstaat
Rijkswaterstaat
5 (1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
4.1.2.1

Rijkswaterstaat
(Commercial
vessel
(Recreation
vessel)

3 (Motor
(Pushed

convoy)

vessel)

4-26

(Couple

unit)8 3

12

250

18,000
4.1.2.2

Rijkswaterstaat (Waterway

profile)

( 4 - 8)
30,000
/

3
2 (Normal profile for
two-lane traffic)
2 (Narrow profile for
two-lane traffic)
(Single lane profile)
2
2
15,000

30,000

/9

Rijkswaterstaat

30,000

Waterway Guidelines 2011

4-27

( 50 100 /)
2

4-28

4 - 8
CEM
T
Class

Motor vessels
RW

Characteristics of reference vessel

Classification

S
Cla
ss

Pushed convoys (Barges)

M0

Designation

Bea

Leng

Drau

Cargo

Beam/

th

ght

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

1-250

B<=5.

Other

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

vessel
Comb.

Coupled units (Convoys)

Classification

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

couple unit

Head
Classification

room
incl.

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

Comb

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

(m)

ht

capaci

Lengt

ht

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

ty

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

55

1.9

0-400

B<=5.

77-80

2.5

spare

0
L<=38
.0
I

M1

Peniche

5.05

38.5

2.5

251-

B=5.0

B01

5.2

400

1-5.10

L>=38

L = all

L=all

.01

C1l

C1b

5.05

10.1

38.5

2.5

<=900 B<=5.

<=900 B=9.6
112.50
L
<=80

II

M2

Kempenaar

6.6

50-

2.6

55

401-

B=5.1

650

1-6.70

B02

6.6

60-70

2.6

401-

B=5.2

600

1-6.70
and

L>=38

L=all

.01
III

M3

Hagenaar

7.2

5570

2.6

651-

B=6.7

800

1-7.30

B03

7.5

80

2.6

601-

B=6.7

800

1-7.60

and

and

L38.

L=all

4-29

5.25

5.25


CEM
T
Class

Motor vessels
RW

Pushed convoys (Barges)

Characteristics of reference vessel

Classification

S
Cla
ss

Designation

Bea

Leng

Drau

Cargo

Beam/

th

ght

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

vessel
Comb.

Coupled units (Convoys)

Classification

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

couple unit

Head
Classification

room
incl.

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

Comb

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

(m)

ht

capaci

Lengt

ht

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

ty

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

85

2.7

801-

B=7.6

1250

1-8.40

170-

3.0

901-

B=5.1

3350

-9.60

spare

01
M4

Dortmund

8.2

Eems

67-

2.7

73

801-

B=7.3

1050

1-8.30

(L O74)

B04

8.2

L=

and

38.01-

L=all

74.0
M5

Ext.

8.2

Dormund

80-

2.7

85

1051-

B=7.3

1250

1-

Eems (L>74

8.30,

m)

L86.
01

IVa

M6

Rhine-

9.5

1251-

B=8.3

1750

1-9.60

aI

Vessel

and L

pushe

(L<= 86 m)

Herne

80-

2.9

85

BI

Europ

9.5

85-

3.0

105

1251-

B=8.4

1800

1 and
L=all

38.0186.0

M7

Ext. RhineHerne
(L> 86 m)

9.5

105

3.0

1751-

B=8.3

2050

1-9.60
and
L86.
01

IVb

C2l

Class
IV+

4-30

9.5

185

7.0


CEM
T
Class

Motor vessels
RW

Pushed convoys (Barges)

Characteristics of reference vessel

Classification

S
Cla
ss

Designation

Bea

Leng

Drau

Cargo

Beam/

th

ght

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

vessel
Comb.

Coupled units (Convoys)

Classification

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

couple unit

Head
Classification

room
incl.

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

Comb

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

(m)

ht

capaci

Lengt

ht

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

ty

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

Europ

spare

L=all

aI
long

Va

M8

Large Rhine

11.4

110

3.5

Vessel

2051-

B=9.6

3300

1-

(L <=111 m)

BII-1

Europ

11.4

aII

95-

3.5

110

1801-

B=9.6

2450

1-

11.50

15.10

L=38.

L<=11

01-

1.0

111.0
0
M9

Extended
Large Rhine

11.4

135

3.5

3301-

B=9.6

4000

1-

BIIa-1

Europ

11.4

aIIa

92-

4.0

110

2451-

B=9.6

3200

1-

Vessel

11.50

15.10

(L > 111 m)

L111

L<=11

.01

1.0
BIIL-1

Europ

11.4

aII

125-

4.0

135

3201-

B=9.6

3950

1-

long

15.10
L<=11
1

Vb

BII-2I

2
barge

11.4

170-

3.5-

3951-

B=9.6

190

4.0

7050

1-

4-31

C3l

Class
Va+

11.4

170-

3.5-

3351-

B=9.6

190

4.0

7250

1-12.6

9.1


CEM
T
Class

Motor vessels
RW

Pushed convoys (Barges)

Characteristics of reference vessel

Classification

S
Cla
ss

Designation

Bea

Leng

Drau

Cargo

Beam/

th

ght

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

vessel
Comb.

Coupled units (Convoys)

Classification

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

couple unit

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

Comb

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

(m)

ht

capaci

Lengt

ht

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

ty

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

15.10

Europ

L=146

a II

M1
1

Ref. vessl

13.5

110

4.0

13.5*110 m

Ref. vessel
14.2*135

14.2

135

4.0

4001-

B=11.

BII-2b

4300

51-

barge

14.30,

wide

22.8

95-

3.5-

3951-

B=15.

145

4.0

7050

11-

ClassI

01

19.0

V+

24.00

Europ

L=

L<=14

aI

38.01-

spare

L=80.

long

C2b

room
incl.

Lengt

.01

M1

Classification

Beam

long

VIa

Head

85-

3.0

105

901-

B=12.

7.0

3350

61-

only

19.1

for

L<=13

wide

class
IV

111.0

coupl

e unit

4301-

B=11.

5600

51-

C3b

Class

22.8

Va+

14.30,

95-

3.5-

3351-

B>19.

110

4.0

7250

Europ

L=

L<=13

a II

38.01-

9.1

wide

111
M1
2

Rhinemax
vessel

17.0

135

4.0

>=560 B>=14
1

.31 L>
38.01

VIb

BII-4

4
barge

22.8

185-

3.5-

7051-

195

4.0

12000 11-

4-32

B=15.

C4

Class
Va+

24.00

3Euro

L=146

paII

22.8

185

3.54.0

>=725 B>12.
1

6
L>=13
6.01

9.1


CEM
T
Class

Motor vessels
RW

Pushed convoys (Barges)

Characteristics of reference vessel

Classification

S
Cla
ss

Designation

Bea

Leng

Drau

Cargo

Beam/

th

ght

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

vessel
Comb.

Coupled units (Convoys)

Classification

RWS

Characteristics of reference

Class

couple unit

Head
Classification

room
incl.

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

Comb

Beam

Lengt

Draug

Cargo

Beam/

(m)

ht

capaci

Lengt

ht

capaci

Lengt

(m)

(m)

ty

(m)

(m)

(m)

ty

spare

.01200
VIc

BII-6I

22.8

270

barge

3.54.0

12001 B=15.
-

s long

9.1

11-

18000 24.00
L>=20
0.01

VIIa

BII-6b

6
barge

34.2

195

3.54.0

12001 B>=24
-

wide

.01

18000 L=all

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011, Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 22 - 23

4-33

9.1

4 - 9 (waterway profile)

> 50,000

30,000 50,000

15,000 30,000

5,000 15,000

2

5

< 5,000

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011, Ministry of

Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 32

2
5,000
/ 5,000

15,000

(traffic control service)

4-34

5,000 /

(traffic

control

service) (passing places)

4.1.2.3

Rijkswaterstaat

( - )
1
10

4-35

1%
10
Rijkswaterstaat

24 10

24 10

Rijkswaterstaat

( - )
1
10

1%
10
Rijkswaterstaat

24 10

24 10
4.1.2.4

4-36

Rijkswaterstaat
1.4

1.3

4
(1)

(Navigation

lane)

1 2 (2)
(Safety
lane)

(3)
(bank

lane)

(Simulation)
Rijkswaterstaat 3 ( 4 - 10 4 7)
(Wd) 2

4-37

(Wt)
4

3 2

(Light ship)

( w) Rijkswaterstaat 5%
10%

Rijkswaterstaat

4 - 15

4 - 6

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011,

Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 38

4-38

4-39

4 - 10

(Wd))

(Wt)

2.B

4B

2.B

3B

2B

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011, Ministry of

Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 39

4-40

4 - 7

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011,

Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 39

4-41

3 - 1

()

()

()

Wt

Wd

3.1-3.5

20.4

10.2

II

3.5-3.6

26.4

13.2

III

3.5-3.8

32.8

16.4

IV

3.9-4.2

38.0

19.0

11

Va

4.9

46.0

22.8

11

Vb

5.6

46.0

22.8

18

2.9-3.3

15.3

10.2

II

3.3-3.4

19.8

13.2

III

3.3-3.5

24.6

16.4

10

IV

3.6-3.9

28.5

19.0

15

Va

4.6

34.0

22.8

15

Vb

5.2

34.0

22.8

12

24

2.9-3.3

10.2

5.1

II

3.3-3.4

13.2

6.6

4-42

()

()
Wt

Wd

III

3.3-3.5

16.4

8.2

IV

3.6-3.9

19.0

9.5

Va

4.6

22.8

11.4

Vb

5.2

22.8

11.4

()

: Wd , Wt

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011, Ministry of

Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 40

4.1.2.5

Rijkswaterstaat

Rijkswaterstaat
6

4-43

Rijkswaterstaat

30

( )

(5)
(6)
4

11

4 - 12
(Sight

distance)

Rijkswaterstaat

( 4 - 8)

B1

L2
C1 .
R

B1 B 2 C1 C 2 .

L2
R

C1 C 2

4-44

4 - 11

C1

C2

I to IV

0.25

0.50

Va

0.25

0.50

Vb

0.20

0.40

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011, Ministry of

Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 47

4 - 12

(.)

B1 (.)

B 2 (.)

4.L

6.L

8.L

4.L

6.L

8.L

39

2.5

1.5

1.0

5.0

3.5

2.5

II

55

3.5

2.5

1.5

7.0

4.5

3.5

III

85

5.5

3.5

2.5

10.5

7.0

5.5

IV

105

6.5

4.5

3.5

13.0

8.5

6.5

Va

110

7.0

5.0

3.5

14.0

9.0

7.0

Vb

185

9.5

6.0

4.5

18.5

12.5

9.5

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011, Ministry of

Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 47-48

4-45

4 - 8

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011,

Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 47

( ) 20 30 Rijkswaterstaat
/30 ( / 30 )
20

10
Rijkswaterstaat
10

4-46

4 - 9
Rijkswaterstaat

1:

20

(PC: Point
of curvature) (PT: Point of tangent)

1.5
Rijkswaterstaat (Line of
sight) 600 5
() 2.5
( 4 -10)

4-47

4 - 9

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011,

Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 48

4 - 10

: Rijkswaterstaat, 2011, Waterway Guidelines 2011,

Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, The Netherlands, 49

4.2

4.3

4-48