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Rakhaing Royal Poets (ရခိုင္စာဆိုေတာ္မ်ား.. ထြန္းေ႐ႊခိုင္ M.A)
Rakhaing Royal Poets (ရခိုင္စာဆိုေတာ္မ်ား.. ထြန္းေ႐ႊခိုင္ M.A)
xGef;a&$cdkif
(r[m0dZ…m)
pmrlcGifhðycsuftrSwf (42§90)
rsufESmzkH;cGifhðycsuftrSwf (61§90) (*)
1991
yxrt}udrf/ tkyfa& (1000)
wefzdk; (35)usyf
rmwdum -
trSm æ æ
1? ok0Àa'0D apmjynfhndK
2? trwf}uD; "rRaZ,s
3? u0dausmf
4? &cdkifoljrwf
5? 0drvtrwf}uD;
6? apm,Ofrd
7? b'lrif;ndKESifh &cdkifrif;orD;{csif;
8? r[mynmausmf
9? bGefapmr_dif; ,dk;',m;bGJ@
10? rdndK
11? OuUmysH
12? &SifaxG;aESmif;ESifh ajrmufOD;a&$eef;awmf
13? iapcsif;
14? e&ywd}uD;ESifh oufolZmtvSbGJ@
15? 0dZ,ppfatmifyGJ
16? rdyef;&H
17? &cdkif 'kH;csif;
18? oD&dyg'awmifawmfbGJ@
19? &cdkif&mZ0ifbGJ@
20? r[mynmausmf av#mufxkH;vuFm
usrf;udk;pm&if; æ æ
1? ok0Àa'0Dapmjynfh!dK
jrefrmouU&mZf ( ) ckESpfwGif ok0Àa;'0DbGJ@cH apmjynfhndKonf &cdkifa0omvDjynf&Sif
oD&wkdif;pjENm;rif;.om;awmf od*FpjENm;tdrfa&S@ rif;om;. ajrmufom;awmfjzpfonf? wpfq,fhokH;ESpft
&G,fwGif armifESr&if;csmxdrf;jrm;I tdrfa&S ht&mukd ay;awmfrlonf? tdrfa&S hrif;jzpfI okH;ESpf=umaomtcg
taemufol&wefjynf tdENd, yqmrif;onf tcGefquf+rJrquf/ ykefuefjcm;em; jyKavaoma=umifh rif;a&S h
rif; od*FpjENm; onf taemufjynfokd h ppfcsDxGufcJh&onf?
1? &ckdfif&mZ0ifopfusrf; pm-291?
jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ &ckdfif pm-199?
jrefrmnGef haygif;usrf; pm -11?
OuUmndKOD;/ &/ckdifhwefaqmif (trSwf-10)?
2? trwf}uD;"rRaZ,s
trwf}uD;"rRaZ,sonf a0omvDacwf pkVpEN&m;rif;vufxufxif&Sm;cJhaom ynm&Sdtrwf}uD;wpfOD;jzpf
onf? &cdkif&mZ0ifrsm;wGifazmfjycsufrsm;t& uAsm/ pmay trsm;tjym; pDuHk;cJhrnfjzpfaomfvnf; &cdkifpmay
ordkif;wGif pdkif;'&m;bGJ@ (pEN&m;bGJ@) ESifh avSawmfoHrSm txift&Sm;qHk;jzpfonf?
-------------------------
Ùe*g;&mZfac: armfwifawG@rSm ,ckwdkif ‚if;.yx0D0if taetxm;t& v_dif;av jyif;xef&mt&yfjzpf onf?
Ùarsmufom;awmf[lonfrSm ESpfrawmf wpf0rf;uGJudk ac:avonf?
1? &ckdifjynfe,fjzpfpOfordkif;/ ,Of;aus;r_pmapmif?
2? zvHaxmif/ yvufem;ausmif;rS &Spfa=umif;a&; y&rdk'fykwf (yk&ydkuf) onf? atmufwGif a&S;usaom yk&ydkufrl “u”
csyfudk rl&if;twdkif;azmfjyxm;onf? 4if;udk qufvufazmfjyxm;aom pjeNm;bGJ@ESifh tp ydkif;ESihf
Edkif;,SOfzwff&k=uapvdkygonf?
“u”
earmwo/ b*0awm/ tm&[awm/ orRmorŠKwomwd/
xGefavmifusufo&D/ vkajrausmfaomif/ rifaumif&mZmausmufvHS=umrSm/ udk0fqufyga&/
avmifawmfeefo#if/ bHktifwifrsdK0f/ tmemrdk0fvdk0f/ eef *dk0fpnfvSm/ a0omvDrSm/ rifjzpfvSmaomf/
puUmtrSH/ vHSysHav&m/ bHkawmufoHjim/ pnf'g&mvnf/ quf jim;bENm/ ajywdkifolrSm/ ydk0fwHkvSmaomf/
=unfnmodk@ (oRD;) &GDjynfo#ifudk/ vufaqmifydI/ eef0g*dk0fed/ ausmufrsdK0faomf/ bHk&GDjy\'f &$Djynfo#ifrSm/
twufwufESif; eef*dk0fwcGif/ taowdk0frSm/ +ydK0fjyuf awmufvdk0f/ vSmjcifwifaw/ taowdk0frSm/
pdefjrmaovdk0f---
pjENm;rif;bGJ@
1? xGef;vif;=uufoa& vl@jynf&mausmfaomif; rif;avmif;&mZm a0omvDrSm rif;jzpfvSma& æ æ
2? p=umtrSefvsHysHvnf;& bkef;awmfoH a0omvDrSm pjENm;avh æ æ æ
3? bkef;tmwufwkd htm%mav;rkd;au eef;&kd;pkdifvm ausmufavSum;rSm ukd;qufay: æ æ
4? *dkifnmvnf;oRD; jynfwdkif;omrSm &$Djynf&Sifukd vufaqmifyD;a& æ æ
5? eef;0vnf;&dyf+idrf ausmufrsKd;pDI bkef;&$D&mjy\'f &$Djynf&SifrSm txifxifavh æ æ
6? eef;&dyf=ucGif taoxkdif;rSm ajymifajymifawmufIæ æ
7? +cHKyef;+cKHEG,f taowkdif;rSm pdefjroG,fIæ æ
8? ajrmufEG,fvnf;a&G hcg &$Dawmifeef;rSm pdefjr\'favh æ æ
9? pjENm;vnf;a'0D ac:nDav;wGifvS eef;&$DawmifrS rdzk&m; avh æ æ
10? aysmfygvnf;armifESH 'kd ho#if&mrif;vnf; &$Dawmifeef;rSm raempHa& æ
11? &SdvGefaomcg jzpfjcif;vnf;&mukd rod&mygbJ &$Djynfo#ifrSm OD;awmfcJI æ
12? vGL;vHrom ukd,fha&m*gukd omygacZdcsif &$Djynfo#ifrm qD;0g;wifa& æ
13? romavygod wzD&mzdwGif 'kd ho#ifrif;u 'g%f}uD;0ifa& æ
14? ausmfxifavaygufjym; ,yfukd&mvG,fI xD;eDaqmif;av rif;aumif;q&m æ
15? ya&mav[dw 'kd ho#ifrif;rSm ac:jcif;&mum; æ
16? aumifomavjzpfau xGufpm;av;=unfhcsif ighxHvmauq&m&kd h æ
17? ig[dav;a&m*g OD;*&Gyfemukd rodcsifavighwGifxm;au q&mrsm;armif aA'aumif;avh æ
18? [l;&m;jzL;[l;&mnKd TwGifqkdau aA'ifysKdavh æ
19? omrav,Z…K uk*ktwwf twywWaA'if tusdyfom;rSm okH;a,mufjrifa& æ
20? ewfjrif;av;okkH;a,muf ,if;eD&ufrSm 'kd@o#ifrif;ukduxm; av#mufw,f æ
21? aZmifomavjzpfau rxGufav0rf;bm; trdef hawmfudk vGefa=umufvma& æ
22? yaZmifrm=uHau 'kd hq&mav; ,ckwufrSm xGufEkdifrnfav; æ
23? oH+cdKifhckESpfxyfrSm wGufrnfav;trSef 'kd hq&mutawG@cHa& æ
24? ,if;edav;uyif yef;zJvnf;yef;xdrf oHukdc,au tjyif;pDa& æ
25? csaomtm%m 'kd ho#ifrif;av; a0omvDrm rif;&kd;ygav æ
26? +yD;csifvnf;xkdcg oH+cdKif}uD;av 'kd h o#ifrif;ukd ykd hvSmjim;a& æ
27? aumifomavjzpfau usD;om;&$Da&mif awmifpDjrau ausmufrif;av æ
28? ,laqmifv c% usD;om;I,fav +cdKifhrSm avSmifau ar&av; æ
29? usD;om;vnf;oH'g usD;&$D0guH csDefcgavwkdifvyf ckcsdefjzpfau oifacgif;0ifa& æ
30? usD;om;vnf;armifESH uauoHukd w&Havacsmufcsm; a'0'wfrSm awmif;vSmjim;a& æ
31? pum;vnf;ykH;jyK rif;0wÎKukd ,cktm;v#if 'kd hq&mav;oHjcdKifxJukd vHk;jcHK0ifa& æ
32? aZmifomavjzpfau w&kyf&m[lau tvGef0D;au oif;wGJjynfukd æ
34? ,lv#ifoaE< q,fvaeI zGm;csdef&mwkdifvwf ol}uG,ftdrfrm cGD;v#ifjzpfau æ
35? cGD;ESifhvnf;wGm;wwf ,if;edav;&ufrSm ol}uG,freef hweHeufwnf; æ
36? ol}uG,fvnf;}uD;cg ol=uG,frrm ausmif;rSmxm;a& æ
37? olaX;vnf;uGsefr &$Dausmif;om;ukdqGrf;zkd hvmcg æ
38? cGD;oi,fav uGsefrem;u acgufwkdif;ygI æ
39? ausmif;om;vlrsm; jrLupm;I eifhrmavvifavmh xkdcGD;i,fyif arsmufom;vm;av æ
40? &Sufrsm;ava&SmifzG,f uGsefrwkd hrSm &vwfaw&m æ
41? uGsefravrmefyg ,if;ed&ufrSm 0d[mausmif;rSm rcHomav æ
42? jynfvmvwfv#if vrf;pyf=um;rSm cGD;ukdvnf;owf cGD;i,ftouf xGufonfukdyif uGsefrjrifa& æ
43? cGD;i,fav;taumif ykwfa[mif&mavmufus vlrsm;&GHzG,f tEW&m,fyif jzpfvdrfhrnfav æ
44? ,ljim;tm;v#if anmifyif*GwGif csyfwifxm;I æ
45? umrsm;avwm&Snfh qGD;}uD;usvwf OD;cGHuGswfI æ
46? ,avmuf&m+yD;rS }uD;vSmavanmifyif OD;acgif;cGHukd rsKd;vkdpifI æ
47? waygif;&Gufusif vD&$ifxqkduf 'kd ho#ifrif;av &$Dawmif eef;rm OD;*&Gyfukdufaw æ
48? rsufawmfygau rif;ausmfckyfokwf 'g;oHvsufESifh x&kd hckwfaw æ
49? ckepfxyf,m ajcmufxyfavuGsef oH+cdKifh}uD;rSm wxyfusefa& æ
50? a'ga[h vufjyef rwfawmf}uD;av wrppfrSm [efvDjyefa& æ
51? rif;ausmf&mrif;vS ukd,fhowdukd csKyfqGJ&a& æ
52? yaZmif}uHa& 'kd hq&mav; oif;wGJ +rdK hudk a&mufEkdifarav; æ æ
53? oif;ueufvSD}uD; ukd;aomif;pDI ukd;qJhukd;vH ukdf;yif;*Hukd æ
54? &+yD;oGm;v#if 'kd ho#ifrif;av oif;wGJ+rdK hukd a&mufrdxifa& æ
55? vuform;av;ig;&m 'kd ho#ifrif;rm ac:jcif;&mum; æ
56? o*FeufvSD;}uD; ukd;aomif;pDI ukd;qJhukd;vH ukd;yif;*Hukd æ æ
57? v#ifqGreD pD;awmfvSDukd pGwf&mar&m æ
58? ckepf&ufeef h ajcmuf&ufrmwav h pD;awmfvSDukd yD;a&arav; æ
59? a'gufvSef;av0D0D &eHavqDeH h &$Djynfo#ifrm tjynfhwifar æ
60? yJhum;abESpfa&mif em*gravnDaemif rm'ifcGifrm pGyf=ua,mif&m æ
61? tv,fuavESpfa&mif jcaoFhrmnDaemif 'kd ho#ifavmif;rm ukduf=ua,mif&m æ
62? OD;uav;ESpfa&mif [oFmrmnDaemif 'kd ho#ifavmif;rm x+ydKifa,mif&m æ
63? ,avmuf+yD;rS wkdif;oljynfom; 'kd ho#ifavmif;ukd tHh=oyga& æ
64? vuform;av;ig;&m ,if;ed&ufrm 'kd ho#ifavmif;ukd +yD;wkHyga& æ
65? ol&Jvmnf;Akdvfyg vl'gav;qifjrif; 'kd ho#ifrif;rm vHk;vwfjcif;&m æ
66? vm;arESifhyif 'kd ho#ifrif;av oif;wGJ+rdK hukd &Sdckd;wifa& æ
67? pENmvnf;a'0D ac:onfhxGifv eef;&$DawmifrS rdzk&m;av æ
68? igZmajymar {csif;avpdrfhpdrfh avSa'0Drm em;axmifzdav æ
70? igr[dau ig[davwlpGm vSa'0DrSm eDvwfyga& æ
71? igra&mufv#if ighwGif&mvufpGyf e0&ufukd xm;cawmhar æ
72? weftyfaomol bkef;[dvlav igjynfeef;ukd pkd;awmfrlyg æ
73? [dvkdufa&uspfql +rdK hwdkfif;vlESifh tltlaomif;aomif; bkH armif;c&m jynfwkdif;om;r, wD;rSKwfygI æ
74? edrdwfav;Zmed0g 'kd ho#ifrif;av ukd,hfjynf&Gmukd aemufpkdif;ar æ
75? {csif;av;qkd 'kd ho#ifrif;av &$Dawmifeef;r ikdvJikda& æ
76? vufacs&mq,facsmif; pkpGmaygif;I rrGwfavysif q,facsmif;vufukd OD;xdyfwifa& æ
77? vufsm+cD&pf vSa'0Dav 'dk@ o#ifrif;udk ODvnf;xkdufaw æ
78? {csif;vnf;qkd vSa'0Dum; &$Deef;awmifrSm vSL;vdk@idka& æ
79? o#ifr[dau qdwfqdwfvnf;nHhnHh &$Dawmif;eef;rm [dvdarav æ
80? tavmif;vnf;rif;ausmf pD;avmif;&mawmfrm wufyg&m vDzdbkef;awmfoHvSD r&Sdyg æ
81? r&Sdvnf;rif;rGef ovJ&mpGefukdvdrf jyefacgufcdsK;,lItom æ
82? vufsmvnf;armifrm okwfygvDzd bkef;awmfa=umifau vSDwGif&SdI æ
83?o*FeufvSD}uD; ukd;aomif;pD;I ukd;qJhukd;vH ukd;yif*Hukd æ
84? usifoHbpD; pD;awmfvDSu pnfvnf;wD;Asm æ
85? trwf}uD;&m xrppf tajrmuf&mawmfukd pD;awmfvDSu okH;csdef;ypfaw æ
86? csDzvnf;a[muf pD;awmfvSDu ajymif;vnf;aygufau æ
87? tltlaomif;aomif; AkHarmif;av;c&m ywWvif;cGif; {omjcif;ESifh æ
88? +rKd hjynfukdpGm wGufvD&mygajrmuf 0zD;csyfudk ZDaw a&mufAsm
89? a&muf+yD;oGmv#if 'kd ho#if&mrif;av ukd,fqHyifudk +zD;vD usifa& æ
90? +zD;vDusifavxkdcg 'kd ho#if&mrif;av ukd,fhacgif;+zD;ukdxm;cJhyga& æ
91? 0zD;csyfukd vGefav&mygajrmuf qHawmf"mwfukd ZDawmha&mufAsm æ
92? um,av0ZD 'kd ho#if&mrif;um; qHawmf"mwfrSm raecsDa& æ
93? &$DaiG&wem ygonfhrsm;ukd 'kd ho#ifrif;rSm ylaZmfyga& æ
94? qHawmf&Sifukd vGefvD&mygajrmuf &uQavwef;ausmif; EkdifiHawmfjynf us,frus,fukd æ
95? qkdzG,fr& 'kd ho#ifrif;rSm [dvwfuav æ
96? od=um;vn;fewfrGef csDvwf[efa,mif 0DoHod=um; rif;xH vm;wnf; æ
97? rif;&kH;vnf;awmifpkdif &uQdKifav;e,fjcm; qifacgif;0wGif æ
98? 'kd hv#if&mrif;av qifacgif;0wGif a&mufvDusifAsm æ
99? uGrf;w,mudk pm;vDavrdcg owdavvufvGwf 'dk@o#ifrSm pdwf,Gif;c|ufaw æ
100? uGrf;,mudkyif 'dk@o#ifrif;av qifacgif;0wGif ypfvDusifa& æ
101? atmufudkwvGef pdk;xydkifjcif; e*grif;rSm æ
102? &ifwGifvn;forD; rdZHoD;u ysdKaygif;av;ig;&m q,facgif;0wGif a&upm;I æ
103? vlom;vnf;uGrf;,m rdZHoD;vnf; qifacgif;0wGif &jyefvSa& æ
104? a'uGrf;,myif abolav;uGrf;,m jzpfygawmhar arG;a'orSm rD;&ar&m æ
105? vsifqGrae rdZHoD;av; ocifxHudk vmvwfaw&m æ
106? vusfm+cD&pf rdZHoD;a* rGD;ocifxHudk OD;vnf;xdkufaw æ
107? a'uGrf;,myif abolvJuGrf;,m jzpfygawmhar rDG;a'orm ajym&ar&m æ
108? igomavajymar {csifhavpdrfhpdrfh rdZHoD;rSm em;axmifzdav æ
109? xGef;vif;usufoa& ol@jynf&mausmfaomif; rif;aumif;av&mZm a0omvDrm rif;jzpfvma& æ
110? acgif;cJava&m*g OD;*&Gyfav;emudk aumif;uD&mawmhar oif;wGJjynfudk vm;ca&&m æ
111? ol 'gav;uGrf;,m jzpfyg&mawmhar cDG;a'brSm ajymvwfaw&m æ
112? uGrf;,mwdk@yif vSvDusifI uGrf;,m&Sifudkvdkcsifowd rdZHoD;rm pdwfu[da& æ
113? oHcsdK&mjranmif ,ifedav;a&mufrS uGrf;,m&Sifudk t&awmif;a& æ
114? *kZavwrl ol@ wdkif;ol@jynf oif;wGJjynfudk vm;ca&&m æ
115? jyefvwfawmhcg &ZDar&m edygvSpfrif; eef;wGif[daw orD;&if;av æ
116? ,if;edavuyif o#pfaomif;e*g; qifacgif;0wGif tapmifhxm;a& æ
117? qifacgif;0udk vGefvDygajrmuf oif;wGJjynfudk ZDawha&mufa&mufaw æ
118? &rRmav;0wD &dkifpDpdk;jcif; &rf;+AJrif;rSm æ
119? *dkifnmavorD; &$D;jynf&Sifudk vufaqmifyD;a& æ
120? 'Gg&mav0wD odkif;pDpdk;jcif; oHwGJrif;rSm æ
121? *dkifnmav;orD; &$&kHjynf&Sifudk vufaqmifyD;a& æ
122? uoJ;avjyKjynf *dkif;pD;pdk;jcif; oHwGJrif;rSm æ
123? *dkifnmavorD; &$Djynf&Sifudk vufaqmifyD;a& æ
124? pcef;avae&m 'dk@o#ifrif;av oif;wGJ+rdK@rSmwHk@yga& æ
125? ,if;anmifavyifudk &Smusifavckwfwdkuf wdkif;jynfolrSm wl;+zdKypfaw æ
126? OD;a*gif;cGHv#if xdkanmifyifrSm ,if;eD&ufrm &vDusifa& æ
127? OD;*&Gyf"mwfv#if/ 'dk@o#pfrif;av/ oif;wJG+rdK@rSm/ wnfvDusifa& æ
128? ig[Jha&m*g OD;*&Gyfemav oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm &Sif;&Sif;oma& æ
129? oHk;ESpfvnf;wdkifyif/ 'dk@o#ifrif;av/ oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm/ =umvDusifAsm æ
130? udk,fhjynfuyg vl'gavqifjrif; oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm ysufpD;jcif;&m æ
131? apmif;onfvnf;nDaemif ESpfa,muf&marmifudk ww0g;q,f yD;r,ftrSef xrppfrSm tawhcHa& æ
132? 'dk@'gjzpfv#if oem;vnf;armifyif vkvifapmif;onf obdkvfnOfhrm wD;&ar&m æ
133? azsmufpdwfaue*g;azmif/ vudkar#mifI/ ola,mifyifxrf;/ xufa*gif;cifrSm/ =u,fueef;av æ
134? avmif;awmfocif to#ifvnf;jyefcsdef a0omvDudk wefav+yD&m æ
135? nOD;vnf;xGuf=u,f/ =unhfbdk@rav/ rxefava&m*g/ awmifrsufESmudk vGefcJh+yD;&m æ
136? avmif;awmfvnf;ocif to#ifvnf;jyefcsdef/ a0omvDudk wefav+yD;&m æ
137? =u,fjzL&maxmifaomif;/ txufvnf;a*gif;cif/ tmumjyifrm/ =u,frD;ausmif;&m æ
138? ckESpf&uf=u,fpdkif/ txufvnf; a*gif;cif/ tmumjyifrSm/ =u,fwHwdkif;av æ
139? vlwGifwGifau/ vlwGifausmfzk@d/ xufvJ&majymifajymif/ a0omvDrm/ eef;oHk;aqmifav æ
140? avmif;awmfocif/ to#ifvnfjyefcsdef/ a0omvDudk/ wefav+yD&m æ
141? vlwGifwGifhau/ vlwGif&mZm/ pD,H'gudk/ tmum pdk;au/ rdk;od=um; æ
142? avmif;awmocif/ bk&ifjyefcsdef/ a0omvDudk/ wefaumif;+yDav æ
143? jzLaqmifavqGqG/ &jim;&wem/ xD;jzLumau/ &mZmvkxGÉf tdkrif;jrwfav æ
145? tm%mcsKyfayG/ pdk;tkyf&mavjim;/ eef;&$Dawmif/ avmif;bk&m;av æ
146? pENmvnf; a'0D / ac:nDav wGifxm;/ eef;&$Dawmif/ rdzk&m;u æ
147? to#ifrvm/ o#ifravndK;yg / 0D,Heef;rm/ vGrf;Asm,mESifh æ
148? avmif;awmf vnf;ocif/ to#ifvnf; jyefcsdef/ a0omvDudk / wefav+yD&m æ
149? owdav;&au/ 'dk@o#ifrif;um;/ a0omvDudk/ xGufvdk@&a& æ
150? owdvnf;vufvGef/ 'dk@o#ifrif;um;/ oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm [dvdjyefa& æ
151? rsL;awmfav; o#pfaomif;/ rwfawmf aygif;wkd h/ v#ifqGrae/ pD;avmif;awmfukd *kcsav[k æ
152? ol&Jvnf;Akdvfyg. ol'gvnf;qifjrif;/'kd ho#ifrif;"m;/ vkH;vwfjcif;&m æ
153? ,avmuf&m+yD;rS 'kd ho#ifrif;av/ ukd,fhjynf&Gmukd/ jyefI vma& æ
154?jyefIvmv#if/ 'kdk ho#ifrif;av/ qif;acgif;0wGif/ a&mufvDusifAsm æ
155? ajrmufxav;+zdK;pGm/ rkd;}uD;&GmI/ a'&mvnf;wzD; avmif;jynf&Sifrm/ rD;}uD;wGda& æ
156? at'gavzD;ukd/ rodcsifavmh/ ighwifxm;au/ q&mrsm;armif/ aA'ifaumifav æ
157? abm*0wD/ ykdif;pDpkd;jcif;/ e*g;rif;rSm æ
158? &ifwGifvnf;orD;/ rdZHoD;u/ awmif;qkav,law/ vsifqGvnf;{uef/ acmif;jynfo#ifukd/ epfrnf}uHa&
159? ata'avzD;ukd/ vGwfavawmfjim;/ q&mrsm;rSm/ rwufygavmh æ
160? &Sduork'N&m/ rsufESmawmfxm;/ vSDOD;avrsufrl/ avmif;jynfh&Sifrm/ xkdwfwefygavmh æ
161? {csifhav;qkd/ 'kd hcsifrif;av;/ &$DozkH;rSm/ xkdifvkd hikda& æ
162? cg;rvnf;'kwfpD/ +cDrvnf;bdeyf/ rudkÉfo&azmif/ rSif*kocFsm/ &$DozkH;rSm/ 0wfwkHygI æ
163? vmvwfaomcg/ 'kd hcsifrif;av/ ukd,fhabmifpGefyif/ pGJavmifxrD/ wc%ukd/ jyef=unfhrda& æ
164? &G,fumav&pfywf/ ,if;ed&ufrm/ pD;avmif;awmfukd/ okH;ykdifjzpfaw æ
165? rD;vnf;ajymif;ajymif;/ jrpfvkHJ;jrifa& æ
166? eywukd;odef;/ ygtHhavawmfol/ ukd;uG,favr&/ jrpfroD'grm/ ysufpD;jim;a& æ
167? &Sduvnf;wwef/ vGefvDyajrmuf/ 0D;vwfavpGma&Smif/ vSDwaomif;eefh/ xrppfav/ a0omvDukd jyef
a&mufvma& æ
168?rwfvufsmav;/ Akdfvf'wfvnf;csDpD/ xrppfukd? &efxm;cD[k æ
169? 'kd ho#ifrif;av/ ig'gxr&pf/ avmif;jynfo#ifukd/ e*g;epfaw æ
170? avmif;jynfav;o#ifukd/ e*g;epfau/ jyefawmhawav; æ
171? ig'gavxm;au/ ig'gxr&pf/ avmif;jynfo#ifukd/ e*g;Ekdufaw/ rSefawmhaw&m æ
172? Z&mvnf;0efqef/ zGm;vGefr&Sm;/ om;r,m;eef h æ
173? wluGmtkyfpkH/ jynfucsau/ oGm;awmhrlav æ
174? ukvm;wefajrmuf/ qefvDygajrmuf/ oJ;jzL;uGsef;ukd/ ZDawha&mufAsm æ
175? a,a'c%/ xrppfav/ oJ;jzL;uGsef;rm/ pcef;csa& æ
176? ,auvnf;wwef/ vGefvDavygajrmuf/ vlrsm;wkd hwGif/ +rdKjynfwGifa& æ
avSawmfoH
a0omvDjynf plVpjENrif;vufxuf ouU&mZf 317 ckESpfavmufwGif trwf}uD;"rRaZ,sonf Asnf; 33vkH;
avSawmfoHukd pyfqkdcJhayonf? a&S;&ckdifa&wyfrawmfwGif ppfcsDaomtcg oefrmxGmusKdif; olusifoef}uD;
rsm;pGmu avSukdavSmfcwf&onf? xdktcg pnfudkwD;IavSudk+ydKifwlavSmf&if; wufnDvufnDjzifhqkdaom
uAsmjzpfonf? plVpjENm;rif;}uD;onf ouU'gefu&0dufazmifawmfukd pD;I taomif;ruaom avSawmfwkd h
jzifjcH&Hvsuf waumif;oif;wGJjynfokd h yifv,fa=umif;jzifhcsDaomtcg trwf}uD;"rRaZ,sonf TavSawmf
oHukd pyfqkdoDqkdapcJhonf? “ukd;pdyfukd;vef/ ukd;yifhuef/ usifoefwuf}uD;/ pnfudkwD;/” [kqkdprSwfjyK&onfh
twkdif; ukd;vefr#&Sdaom avmif;avSay:wGif usifoefac:aom vloef}uD;rsm;u pnfudkwD;+yD; avSavSmfom;
rsm;u +ydKifwlpnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGm oDqkd&aom uAsmyifjzpfonf? xl;jcm; tuQ&m? Asnf; 33 vkH;rlwnfI &
ckdiforkdif;ESifh Zmwf}uD;q,fwGJ h Ak'<0ifcef;rsm;/ ykHjyifrsm;ukdyg yg0ifzGJ hEGJ hxm;&m avSavSmfom;rsm;tm; A[kok
w wkd;yGm;aponf? trsKd;bmom/ omoemZmwdaoG;/ Zmwdrmef wuf=uGaponf? oDqdkonfrSm acgif;
aqmifavSOD;pD;u tcsDtykd'fukd wpfOD;wnf;oDqkd+yD; tcsykd'fjzpfaom “[efpdav[efpGav’ [laom tykd'f
ukd avSavSmfom;rsm;u w+ydKifeuftm;rmef tjynfhESifh oDa=uG;=ujcif; jzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh a&S;
tcgu up>ye'Djrpf,HwGif avSawmfoHrsm;rpJ&Sdefcsdrhfrnf jzpfownf;? 1
(') ' udkrlum;/ 'gersm;vGef/ rif;a0oefv#if/ +rdKifcGifawmom/ 0uFygodk@/ cGmv#ifaejim;/ ykÀm;ZlZum/ *%Sm
ZmvD/ oli,f/ ESpfa,muf/ rlig;ajrSmufcg/ uuFmuuFm/ uuFmaomfvnf;/ [efpdav/ [efpGav?
bda,ur*Fvmav#mufxkH;
'\&mZmrif; vufxufwGif taemufb*Fg (12) +rdK hwkd honf oufvlrsKd;wkd hESifh aygif;um aomif;usef;
av&m/ trwfukd,f&H}uD;aZ,sAkdvfudk csDaponfumv wyfOD;wGif }uDK;=umiSufonf om;a&wpfckukd
ukdufcsDI ysH0Jvm&m iSufESifhom;a&ukd zrf;rdavonf? xkdedrdwfukd ynm&Sdu0dausmfonf Todk hav#muf
xm;edrdwfzwf=um;cJhonf?
------------------------
4? &ckdifoljrwfESifh avmu
avmuo
muom&ysKd h
&ckdifjrwfonf rif;xD;bk&ifvufxuf (at'D-1283) jrefrmouU&mZf (645) wGif xif;&Sm;aom
&[ef;ynm&SdwpfOD; jzpfonf? ouU&mZf (688) ckESpfwGif rif;vsifapmonf rp>*D&do&uf+rdK hudw
k nfI
aeonf? oufvlrsdK;wdk@ tkyfpdk;aoma=umifh oufrif;vsifapm[k wGifonf? 4if;wGif apmpkH/ apmjzL/
apmwl[lI om;awmfokH;yg;&Sdonf? oufwkd@onf tiftm;aumif;vm aomtcg &ckdif&kd;rawmifpOf
awmifwef;&Sdaus;&Gmrsm;ukd oGm;a&mufwkdufcdkufav&m &ckdfifbk&ifrif;xD;onf trwf}uD;&mZpnfol
o}uFefukd apv$wfI o&uf+rdK hukd odrf;ckdif;onf?
5? 0drvtrwf
rvtrwf}uD;
ynm&Sd trwf}uD; 0drvonf avmif;=uwfacwfwGif xif;&Sm;aom rif;xD (ouU&mZf 645-751)
vufxufrS e&rdwfvS (ouU&mZf 766-795) wkdifatmif tr_awmfxrf;&GufcJhaom ynm&Sdpmqkdawmf
OD;jzpfonf? touf (100)wkdif tr_awmfxrf;&GufcJha=umif;orkdif;wGif txif&Sm;awG h&onf? trwf}uD;
onf rif;xD;bk&iftm; rif;wkd hjynfhpktyfaom aus;Zl;ckepfyg;/ &mZa'0Drdzk&m;}uD;wkd h. t*gFckepfyg;/ rdef;
rjrwfwkd h. vuQ%m&yfwdk hukd usrf;*efygÏdtaxmuftxm; rsm;jzifh av#mufxm;cJhonf? avmuDusrf;
rsm;. tvkdt& axmufq+yD; twdwfedrdwfrsm;ukdvnf; zwf=um;av#mufxm;cJhonf? xkd ha=umifh a&$
xrf;pifpD;cGifhuJhokd h aomcsD;jrifhajrmufpmjcif;rsKd;ukdyif cH,l&&SdcJhonf? 4if;jyif trwf}uD;onf &JpGrf;owWd
ESifhvnf; jynfhpkHoljzpfonf? rSef&mukdav#mufxm;0hHoljzpfonf? e&rdufvSac: rif;apmrGefrif;/ om;b0
u taetxdkifrwwfI ayghoGrf;aexkdifrltwGuf yGifhyGifhvif;vif; qkdqkH;rzl;onf?
Tokd@wkdif;a&;jynfa&;/ rif;a&;rif;&mrsm;omru uAsmvuFmpmayt&mwGif wm0efauscJhol
vnf;jzpfonf? 4if;a&;om;cJhaom pmayvuFmrsm;ukdvnf; awG h&onf?
wpfcgaomf rif;xD;rif;}uD;onf trwf}uD;rEl[m. orD;awmfjrwfwkH;tm; cspfjrwfEkdf;onfjzpfI awmif
nmESif; vkda=umif; trwf}uD;tm; wkdifyifav&m to#ifrif;jrwf/ rdef;raumif; vuQ%mukda&S;y nm&Sdwkd@
qkdcJhonfrSmum;??
“ÁwÎdb&d,m/ t*FgnDnGwf/ rdef;rjrwfwkd@/ vif0wfvifr_/ tEkt&ifh/ tcGifhvdrRm/ o'<g&uf&uf/ &rRuf
enf;yg;/ pum;wnf=unfqkdonfvnfwpfcsuf/ xGufonfemzG,f/ ajcmufjzpfoG,frl/ qkdbG,fr&Sd/ [d&d=owWy/
apmifh=uyfudk,f0,f/ ysuf&,foGrf;r_/ rjyKajzmifhajzmifh trsdK;apmifh.? raxmifhvdrfhvuf/ tdyfpuf 0wfpm;/
toGm;tae/ taptoHk;/ a&S;xHk;ESKdif;ndS/ *wdrvkduf/ p&dkuf&kef@=urf;/ rdef;roGef;ESifh/ rjyGrf;a&maESm/
oabmxnfhrwf/ olxufjrwfonf? rE<wfrif;ESihf xdkuf&maomf” [lI av#mufxm;onf?
1) oDvpm& - oDvtusifh+rJjcif;/
2) auor,SH qHyifeufarSmifaumif;jcif;/
3) rwWyg' rk'kuH - ajcvufao;oG,fEl;nHhjcif;/
4) &kyH - tqif;vSjcif;/
5) o'NH - toHom,m emzG,f&Sdjcif;/
6) rHoH - tom;El;nHHhjcif;/
7) aumov†H - rsm;pGmaom armif;rwdk@.t&dyftajcudk em;vnfjcif;?
-----------------------------
6? apm,Ofrd
avmif;=uuf+rdK@ysufI rif;apmrGefonf taemufol&wefjynfo@kd wdrf;a&Smifavaomtcg oHwGJpm;e&Ekonf
vnf; yJcl;rif;&mZ"d&mZfxHcdkvSKHI ppfulawmif;cJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif ta&S@jynfrS oHk;&Gmpm;onf oHwGJ+rdK@odk@
vma&mufI tkyfcsKyfaeavonf? oHk;&Gmpm;vGef+yD;aemuf rdzk&m;apm,Ofrdonf 4if;. om;awmfESpfyg; jzpf
aom apm&EWmrdwfESifh nDb,rif;&Jukd vuf0Jvuf,mxm;I tkyfcsKyfv#ufaeayonf?
tjznfhykd'f
“armifwkd haerS/ omarmvSom/ ESrrdjzL/ vkdufawmfrlavmh/ ZrŠLr¾dKif/ a&$&ckdfif0,f/ &Spfqkdif&yfrif;/
cGefoGif;zsifajym/ oabFmpif;jyef? qdwfrnHhwnf;? tvGefxGef;awmf ±_ar#mfapmufom; armufarmufoGef;
oGef; a&$eef;jyom'f txGËfwefaqmif a&$awmif[efvS eef;reef;&H rsufpdrGHI ompHaysmfyg; od=um;olZm
oufusvmodk@ o&%myGifh yef;okH;qifhukd r,fESifh"dXmefyef&ap”
8? r[mynmausmf
r[mynmausmf trwf}uD;onf ajrmufOD;acwf rif;Am}uD; (ouU&mZf 893-915) rS rif;&mZm}uD;
(ouU&mZf 955-974) wdkifatmif rif;ajcmufqufor# rif;wdkifyiftrwf}uD;tjzpf xif&Sm;ausmfapmcJhol
jzpfonf? xdktrwf}uD;um; tjcm;w&m;ol}uD;wdk@ rSefuefatmif rqHk;jzwfEdkifonfh tr_tcif;rsm;udk w&m;
r#pGm azmfxkwfEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf? wdkif;a&; jynfa&; ppfrufa&;rSpI rif;a&;tjzmjzmudk trwf}uD;
av#mufxm;csuftwdkifom bk&ifrif;jrwfu aqmuf&Guf&onf? trwf}uD;. av#mufxHk;rsm;rSm jrefrm
pmaywGif vGefpGmta&;ygaom usrf;jzpfI oDoef@xkwfa0+yD; jzpfayonf? r[mynmausmf jzwfxHk;rSm bm;
ewf (trsdK;om; pm=unhfwdkuf) ayrlwGif tcef; ( 40) yg&Sdonf? “"n0wD ta&;awmfyHkusrf;” [lonfrSm
vnf; trsm;tm;jzifh r[mynmausmf. av#mufxHk;rsm;udk tajccHI a&;om;azmfjyaom usrf;jzpfonf?
r[mynmausmf. arG;zGm;ouU&mZfudk wduspGm rod&aomfvnf; txufwGif azmfjycJhonfh twdkif;/
ouU&mZf (893)ESpf rif;Am}uD;eef;wufawmfrlaomtcg “aumif;xifausmfpm;” trwftjzpf tr_awmf
xrf;&Gufae+yD jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif xifay:ausmf=um;jcif;um; r&Sdao;acs/ rif;Am}uD; eef;wuf+yD;aemuf
tdENd,jynfodk@ csDawmfrlrnf=uonf?
ouU&mZf (908) ckESpfwGif [Hom0wDbk&if rif;w&m; a&$xD;onf "n0wD &cdkifjynf}uD;udk vkyf}uH&ef csDvm
I avmif;=uuf+rdK@ a[mif;wGif wyfcsvmonf? 4if;aemuf ajrmufOD;+rdK@udk wdkufav&m }udKwif pDpOfxm;
aom rif;Ambk&if. tpDtrHa=umifh taotaysmufrsm;vSI qkwfcGmcJh+yD a,mufzawmf ausmfxifaemf&
xm tjyefwGif r[mynmausmftrwf}uD;udk xnfhvdkufI oHwrefenf;jzifh ajz&Sif;apavonf?
ouU&mZf (915) ckESpf/ eef;wufaom rif;wduQmvufxuf ouU&mZf (918) ckESpf eef;wufaom rif;apmvS
vufxuf ouU&mZf (926) ckESpfeef;wufaom p=u0aw;vufxufo@kd wGifvnf; r[mynmausmfonf
bk&ifhtwdkifyifcHb0ESifhyif pm;+rJ rjywfcHpm;cGifh &&SdcJhonf?
wpfq,hfESpfv&moDwGJ 1
Torkdif;taxmuftxm;t&&ckdifjynfwGif,kd;',m;paomtqkdom;rsm;rSmpwifI,kd;',m;uonfvnf;
aumif;/ ,kd;',m;tzGJhoDcsif;onfvnf;aumif; ajrmufOD;acwfwGifjzpfxGef;cJhonfrSm xif&Sm;ayonf?
1? &ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf;/ pm 126-127?
2? (u) "n0wDta&;awmfykHusrf;/ pm116?
(c) &ckdkfif&mZ0ifopfusrf;/ pm 149?
3? ppfawGòr@/ od'<dum±kHausmif;wdkuf/ OD;0go0xHrS &&Sdonf?
10? rdndK
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xu/ }uGD&Gufusyifwum/ yGifh&mEkqif/ yifwdkif;ajymifonf/ ajcmufa&mifodk@csDjzmcJh? =unfhcsDaomf-
vGrfzG,fwd/ yGifhoD;wum/ yifwdk@rSmvnf; uHk;oG,fES,f csdefcg-tnDnDodk@/ =unfho'd-vGrf;avmufbG,f/
waygif;vv#if/ &Gufusif-&wkEG,fu/ ukefonfEGm;onf-[efrjym;/ nSmpdrf;&Sdwl/ iGdwlyef;=uGufem;odk@/ a'ge-
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jcif; aumufujrL;ckefxuf? xuf&yfpkH-v#if0g+yD; ypPKefuvm okd hcsdefcgukd? vGrf;'grrloD;avmh? &yf0D;ol@&yf
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jrifvif;/ jrifhr_dxGwfacgif av;a,mufarmifonf? bkef;acgifod=um;rif;avmh? csufcsif;ykd@qufvm/ &ckdfifnGef@
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&SifaxG;aESmifum; yJcl;jynfh&Sif eENbk&if. orD;awmf&if;jzpfonf? at'D 1593]1612 ckESpf ajrmuf
OD;wGif eef;pHcJhaom rif;&mZm}uD;tm; awmifilbk&ifu ppfyefI yJcl;okd@oGm;a&muf wkdufckdifcJh&m atmifEkdif
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aomtcsdefum; ajrmufOD;acwftxGwftxdyfokd@a&muf&Sdaom tcsdefyifjzpfonf? rif;Am}uD;/ rif;zavmif;
rif;&mZm}uD;vufxufonf tif;tm;tawmifhwif;qkH; tºu,f0tcsrf;omqHk; jzpfcJhonf? ay:wl*Da&wyfr
awmfESifh r*kda&wyfrawmfwdk@vnf; r,SOfòyifEdkifcJh? onftajctaewGif ajrmufOD;òr@awmfESifh eef;awmfrSm
wkd;csJ hrGrf;rHr_jzifh vkdavaom;r&Sd tbufbufrS jynfhpkHcJhayvdrfhrnf?
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13? i§apcs
i§apcsif;
i§ apcsif;onf oD&dok"rR&mZmrif; (ouU&mZf- 984-1000). eef;pHESpfaESmif;ydkif; ae0ifcsdefumvtwGif;
ay:aygufcJhaom uAsmvuFmoDcsif;wpfrsdK;yif jzpfonf? oD&dok"rR&mZm. eef;wufrdzk&m; ewf&Sifr,fonf
ta&miftqif; acsmarmvSyoljzpfonf? aemifwGifavmif;=uufpm i§ukovESifh yl;aygif;I ajrmufOD;xD;
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i§ap csif;[kac:onf?
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14? e&ywd}uJD;ESifh oufolZm tvSbGJ h
ajrmufOD;eef;qufwGif oD&dok"rR&mZmonf ouU&mZf (1000) jynfhESpf e,kefvqkwf ESpf&ufae@ ewf&Gm
pH+yD;aemuf om;awmf tdrfa&S@rif;jzpfol rif;pae eefwufonf? rif;paevnf; eef;wufIr=um rDyif
ausmufa&m*gjzpfojzifh r,fawmf rdzk&m;ewf&Sifr,f. tpDtrHjzifh eef;awmfta&S@ajrmufaxmifh urf;em;
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&ckdifjynfY ouU&mZf wpfaxmifjynhf 0gqkdvqef;ajcmuf&uf =umoyaw;ae hwGif omuD0ifrif;&kd; eef;quf
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19? &ckdif&mZ0ifbGJ h
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1? yOf;ADo ] 25
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20? r[mynmausmf av#mufxkH;vuFm
r[mynmausmfESifhywfowfI txufwGif wifjycJh+yD; jzpfayonf? r[mynmausmfrSm touf (100)
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awG@&Sd+yD;aom pmay taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh wGufqI trsm;tjym; usef&Sdvdrfhrnf[k okawoDwkd@u
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6? wufxGef;eD?
(ajrmufOD;)? &ckdif&moDvkd euQwf? &ckdif/ wGJ (4)