/



how to make a dense concrete

. water - cement ratio
.
.


what is tremie in concrete


what is the use of plasticizer and super plasticizer in concrete

plasticizer

%


super plasticizer



hydration
Early strength development
Accelerating agent







corrosion




gel

.
.
.
.


what is the initial and final setting time of concrete

45 min - 8 hours


what is the type of admixtures

Retarder
Accelerator


what is the effect of Retarder in concert mix

) ( /



strength %


at what time concrete should be placed after mixing water

As soon as possible not more than 30 minutes




natural aggregate or crushed

natural aggregate
crushed




20 50 psi / sec




rate of loading in crushing concrete

- :

= /

= . /


aggregates

aggregates
aggregates


why the sand equivalent are being made

%

%
%

%


%

%



%


what is bleeding in concrete

aggregates

aggregate

aggregate
aggregate
gel gel


Low alkali cement having less tham 0.6 % alkli

- : Pretensioning
% strength



- : Posttensioning

pump

From 25 mm to 75 mm

.
.
.


concert pump

pump aggregates



: gunite



: Shotcrete

aggregates aggregates

) (
) (
) (
- :
) ( .

bleeding


excessive bleeding

core


%

/










) (

truck mixer

) ( /

) (
) (

) ( /



) (

/


aggregates

/ /


/

) (

%


%

aggregates

aggregates
) (

) (




water / cement ratio

bearing capacity

Tamping it twice in every lifting

hook


Construction joint

Cold joint

Expansion joint




dummy joint or control joint

/

/ - :
%

%

crushed aggregate

.

.
.

Consistency

Slump test

Compacting factor
Ball test

.
.
.

C3S

.
.
.

aggregate

Plastic state
/

1.

2.

3.

4.

Hardened state

1.

durability

2.

3.
4.

impermeability


corrosion

yield strength
ultimate strength
ultimate strength

to cure the cylinder in an autogenous curing box that is
insulated allowing curing to accelerate due to the raise
in temperature from hydration

joints ) (



shear

Fatigue
fatigue

:




alternate wetting and drying

wetting and drying

use of hight alumina cement

/
Slump

) tremie pipe (

:

) ( + ) ( - ) ( +
span to depth

:

- :Superstructure


: - Substructure

fatigue from pulsating loads

/



) (

/

) ( post tensioning

%
arrange datum point to measure extension and jack pressure
yield

% ultimate tensile strength

%


jack pressure

grouting
grouting
%
grouting

grouting
grouting
grouting
) = /(
grouting
grouting

) fine aggregates (


%
coarser aggregates

aggregates .


) ( *

aggregates
aggregates %

- : Workability
: Durability
: Economy

.
.
.

%
%
%

aggregates

aggregates aggregates

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

/


%

= 7 x L / 1000
%

Jacking force
% ultimate strength

truck transit time is more than 30 minutes for non
agitating equipment and one hour for truck agitator or
truck mixer

quality assurance
aggregates


quality control

quality assurance
quality control


aggregates

The coarser particles tend to separate .
aggregates

Grout separate out from the mix .
Grout

.
.
.

) % (

.
.
.
.
.

Size of Aggregates

Aggregates

Surface texture of Aggregates

Rich mixes

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

- :
Coarse aggregate



/ w / c ratio -

Screeding
) (
Floating

Trowelling

.
.
. aggregate ) %
(
.
. )
(
.

.
. aggregate
.
.
size of mass .

.
.
.

.

.
.

Rate of application of compressive strength machine

: truck mixed


: transit mixed concrete

.
.
.

aggregates
aggregates
- :
aggregates

aggregates
aggregates granite ,
diorite , basalt , lime stone , marble

hydraulic
hydraulic cement

/





) ( %

aggregates

Differential settlement


Consolidation

Water table variations
Scouring

- :
) ( %

) (
Over vibration
segregations

:





//

.
.
.

.
.

Slump test
Compacting factor
) Ball test

(
Bleeding test
% of air in fresh concrete

strength
:

chloride attack
sulphate attack
Carbonation and efflorecences

prestressing tendon

/