Name

Class

Date

Assessment

Chapter Test A
Biochemistry
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. All organic compounds

contain
a. nitrogen.
b. oxygen.
c. carbon.
d. amino acids.

______ 5. A substrate attaches to the

________ of an enzyme.
a. peptide bond
b. R group
c. active site
d. activator

______ 2. Enzymes
a. are usually carbohydrates.
b. can only catalyze a
reaction once.
c. reduce the activation
energy of chemical
reactions.
d. eliminate the activation
energy of chemical
reactions.

______ 6. A model of enzyme action

is the
a. induced fit model.
b. lipid bilayer model.
c. activator action model.
d. active site model.
______ 7. Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical
reaction called a ________
reaction.
a. hydrolysis
b. redox
c. condensation
d. ionic

______ 3. Which of the following

groups of terms is associated with carbohydrates?
a. monosaccharide, glycogen, cellulose
b. monosaccharide, cellulose, lipid
c. disaccharide, polysaccharide, steroid
d. polysaccharide, amino
acid, collagen

______ 8. All of the following are

functional groups EXCEPT
a. a hydroxyl group.
b. an amino group.
c. a carboxyl group.
d. a carbonate group.
______ 9. A phospholipid molecule
contains all of the following
EXCEPT
a. two fatty acids.
b. three fatty acids.
c. a phosphate group.
d. glycerol.

______ 4. Two polysaccharides that

store glucose are
a. starch and waxes.
b. starch and glycogen.
c. sucrose and cellulose.
d. cellulose and glycogen.

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Modern Biology

17

Chapter Test

Name

Class

Date

Biochemistry, Chapter Test A continued

In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the
term or phrase.

a. subunit of most lipids

______10. carbohydrate

b. molecule that stores energy

______11. functional group

c. molecule made of repeating units

______12. monomer

d. functions in protein synthesis

e. cluster of atoms that influence the
molecules they compose

______13. polymer
______14. ATP

f. contains genetic information

______15. DNA

g. subunit of protein

______16. RNA

h. small simple molecule that makes up a

larger molecule

______ 17. amino acid

i. ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen

______18. nucleotide

j. contains a phosphate group, a sugar,

and a nitrogenous base

______19. fatty acid

Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. Refer to the
diagrams below to answer questions 2022 .

CH2OH

H
C
OH

H
OH

OH
A

OH
C
H

Amino
acids

O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
HO

C H

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

20. Identify the class of organic compound represented by each of the molecules
shown above.

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Modern Biology

18

Chapter Test

Name

Class

Date

Biochemistry, Chapter Test A continued

21. For each type of compound shown in the diagram, explain the role it plays
in your body.

22. How can you tell whether a compound is organic or not?

23. Explain why living things need energy and where they get it.

24. Briefly describe the function of ATP in cells.

25. Why is cholesterol needed by the body?

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Modern Biology

19

Chapter Test

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

30. (a) about 24 hours (b) Medium B

is dissolved. The concentration is the

amount of solute in a fixed amount of
the solution.
27. Acids have a sour taste and are highly
corrosive in concentrated forms.
Bases have a bitter taste and tend
to feel slippery.
28. The pH scale is a system of comparing
the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a
solution. Its values range from 0 to 14,

(c) Medium A (d) The descending part

of the curves represents a decline in
the growth rate over time because of
the depletion of nutrient media.
(e) The growth rate should eventually
reach zero for the bacteria in both
media.

Chemistry of Life
Chapter Test A (General)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

a
a
a
d
b
d
d
d
c
b
c

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

polar, nonpolar
hydrogen, covalent
water
hydronium
sodium ions, chloride ions
catalyst

f
a
e
h
b
d
c
g

with values less than 7 denoting acidity and those greater than 7 denoting
alkalinity.
29. atomic mass: 14; atomic number: 6
30. (a) pepsin (b) trypsin (c) The liquid
must become alkaline. (d) According
to the graph, enzymes function best at
certain pH levels. (e) No; according to
the graph, a low pH is required for
pepsin to function, and a high pH
is required for trypsin to function.

Biochemistry
Chapter Test A (General)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
20.
21.

Chemistry of Life
Chapter Test B (Advanced)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

d
g
f
e
h
a
b
c
a
c
d

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

a
a
b
b
a
d
b
a
d
d
a
c

24. In redox reactions, electrons are trans-

ferred between atoms, so the reactions

always occur together.
25. In living things, enzymes act as catalysts
to speed up chemical reactions.
26. A solute is the substance that is
dissolved in a solution. A solvent
is the substance in which the solute

c
11. e
c
12. h
a
13. c
b
14. b
c
15. f
a
16. d
c
17. g
d
18. j
b
19. a
i
Acarbohydrate; Blipid; Cprotein
Carbohydrates such as the monosaccharide glucose shown here are found
in cells as a source of energy (glucose), as energy storage molecules
(glycogen and starch), or as structural
molecules (cellulose). Lipids such as
the fatty acid shown here are found in
cells as energy storage molecules
(fats) or in cell membranes as structural molecules (phospholipids).
Proteins are found in cells as enzymes
and structural proteins in the body
(hair, muscles).

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Modern Biology

406

Answer Key

TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE

22. Organic compounds are composed

28. The polar, hydrophilic heads of phos-

primarily of carbon atoms (have a

carbon backbone) covalently bonded
to other elementstypically hydrogen
and oxygen.
23. Living things require energy for all
of the processes of life. Energy is
required for the chemical reactions
that make up an organisms metabolism. Organisms also use a great deal
of energy to maintain homeostasis.
24. ATP is the main energy currency of
cells.
25. Cholesterol is needed by the body for
nerve and other cells to function. It is
also a component of cell membranes.

pholipids comprise the interior and

exterior surfaces of the cell membrane, and the nonpolar, hydrophobic
tails of phospholipids form the middle
of the cell membrane.
29. (from left to right) alternating double
bonds between carbons; CH2
CH2;
CH2
C(CH3)  CH
CH2
30. a. disaccharide; b. fatty acid; c. water;
d. dipeptide; e. nucleotide

Biochemistry
Chapter Test B (Advanced)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
25.

e
13. b
h
14. c
f
15. a
g
16. c
a
17. b
c
18. c
b
19. a
d
20. d
i
21. b
d
22. c
a
23. a
b
24. c
Monomers link to form polymers
through a condensation reaction.
Hydrolysis is a reversed condensation
reaction and causes the breakdown of
complex molecules.
26. A monosaccharide is a simple sugar
that is a monomer of carbohydrates. A
disaccharide consists of two monosaccharides bonded together. A polysaccharide consists of at least three
bonded monosaccharides.
27. The shape of a protein is determined
by the way the proteins amino acids
interact with one another. Amino acid
interactions can cause a protein to
bend or fold. Protein shape can also
be influenced by temperature and the
type of solvent in which a protein is
dissolved.

Cell Structure and Function

Chapter Test A (General)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

c
9. c
e
10. d
b
11. d
a
12. c
d
13. b
d
14. b
b
15. d
a
16. d
cell theory
flagella
cytoskeleton
rough
proteins
DNA contains information about
heredity. DNA determines the characteristics of a cell, and it directs the
cells activities.
23. Small cells can exchange substances
more readily than large cells can
because small objects have a higher
surface area-to-volume ratio. As a
result, substances do not need to
travel as far to reach the center of
a smaller cell.
24. Mitochondria harvest energy from
organic compounds to make ATP.
25. The cytoskeleton is a network of thin
protein tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol. They give shape to
the cell from the inside and act as a
system of internal tracks on which
items move around inside the cell.

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Modern Biology

407

Answer Key