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95

F RONT P ANEL C ON NECTIONS (2001)

USB port awG audio jack awGukd

system casing &JU aemufbufrSm &Sdae

wJhtcg jzKwf&wyf& qufoG,f&wm

toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf pdwf taESmifh
t,Sujf zpfMu&w,f/ 'gaMumifh rsuEf mS
pmrSm tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEdkifa&;
twGuf wDxGifzefwD;ay;cJhwm jzpf
w,f/

94

MICROSOFT NATURAL
KEYBOARD (1994)

toHk;jyKoltwGuf usef;rma&;eJY
nDnGwfpGm toHk;csEdkifzdkY MS Natural
Keyboard udk wDxGifjzpfcJhw,f/ vuf
qpfvufdk;awG udkufcJrIuif;wJh uD;
bkwftjzpf vlwdkif; vufcHcJhMu&w,f/

93

CONNECTIX QUICKCAM
(1995)

kyaf oyH&k yd jf zpfjzpf vIy&f mS ;kyyf akH wG

taeeJYjzpfjzpf tvGefaps;EIef; oufom

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Greatest Of All Time

wJh [mh'f0Jav;eJYtwl
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tpOfwpdkuf toHk;0ifvmcJh&w,f/

92

M OZILLA
(2004)

F IREFOX

90

ZONE LABS ZONEALARM

(2000)

2000 jynfEh pS f rwdik rf u

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a&; ydk*&rfudk tMurf;a&;qGJcJhayr,fh
2000 jynfhESpfrSom xkwfvkyfay;EdkifcJh
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taumif;qHk; firewall tjzpf &yfwnf
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Open-source browser av;

wpfckjzpfw,f/ vlwdkif;vnf; od&SdjyD;
vlwdkif;vnf; MudKufESpfoufcJhMuw,f/
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feature awGudk tpOfrjywf jznfhxnfh
ay;wmrdkY tifwmeufudk ywfoufol
wdkif;avmufeD;eD; tMudKufawGUcJhMu&
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91

M ICROSOFT F LIGHT
SIMULATOR (1982)

1977 ckEpS af vmufuwnf;u odyH

ynm&SifawG upm;cJhwJh *drf;udk tajccH
jyD; 1982 ckESpfrSm microsoft u flight
simulator udk wDxi
G f zefw;D ay;cJw
h ,f/
ESpfaygif; tawmfMum *drf;upm;olawG
tMudKufjzpfcJh&jyD; ,aeYtxd pD;&D;awG
qihfum qihfum xGufvmaeqJ jzpf
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88

Broadband wdkufyGJrSm DSL u

cable modem awGudk wGef;z,foGm;cJh
w,f/ Life
beyond 56
k eJYtwl

yxrqHk;
jrifuGif;ay:
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87

89

M-SYSTEMS
DISKONKEY (2000)

Onerous installation vHk;0 rvdk

awmhbJ tvkyfvkyfEdkifwJh thumb drive
av;udk yxrqHk; 2000 jynfhESpfrSm jrif
awGUcJh&jyD; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY toHk;jyK
vmcJ&h mu tckawmh tqihjf rihf obm0
awGeYJ aemufq;kH ay: Tumb drive awGukd
oHk;aeMu&jyD jzpfw,f/

DSL (1998)

A3D (1996)

Surround sound xGef;ay:rI c&D;

pOfrmS pyDumESpv
f ;kH eJYom &Scd w
hJ mvm;vdYk
ar;jref;olawGtwGuf A3D tricks u
tajzay;EdkifcJhw,f/ em;aomw tmHkcH
olawGtwGuf wu,fh yuwdtoHawG
udk Mum;cGihf&oGm;apw,f/

86

A MERICA
(1985)

O NLINE

ck a ersm; AOL
taMumif;ajym&if
jyHK;rdMurSmtrSefyg
yJ/ 'gayr,fh tif
wmeuf acwfO;D ydik ;f
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&wm jzpfwmrdkY ,aeYwdkif AOL qdkwJh
t&mudk arhr&EdkifMuao;ay/

85

SATA (2003)

od k r S D ; ud & d , mawG quf o G , f r I

twGuf toHk;cscJhMuwJh fat-boy ATA/
IDE cable awGudk ausmfvTm; tEdkif,l
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management ydkaumif;vmw,f/ Air
flow vnf; ydak umif;apwJt
h jyif transfer speeds u ydkjyD; jrefqefvSygw,f/

22

uGefysLwm*sme,f

100
Greatest Of All Time

F LASH
(1984)

M EMORY

SATA ud k
external yHkpH

82

jyK taeeJ Y
awmif toHk;
jyKEdkifao;wJhtwGuf ay:jyLvm jzpfae
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wdik ;f u SD cards udk rvJrG aoG od&jdS yD;
jzpfaeMuw,f/ tckaemufydkif;rSmawmh
solid-state hard drives awGudk od&Sd
vmMujyef y gw,f /
'g awG tm; vHk; u
1984 ckEpS rf mS wDxiG f
EdkifcJhwJh flash memory &JU tusK;d &v'f
awG jzpfw,f/

84

I OMEGA Z IP D RIVE
(1994)

*&yfzpfvkyfief;orm;awGtaeeJY
floppy drive awGeYJ CD-R awG &Edi
kv
f m
wJh tcsdefumvwpfcktwGif; xdxd
a&mufa&muf toHk;csEdkifcJhMuw,f/ pp
csi;f ? 100 MB Zip Disk eJY wmxGuEf ikd f
cJhw,f/ uGefysLwmwpfvHk;uae wjcm;
wpfvHk;qDudk multi-megabyte files
awGudk wifydkYay;cJhwJh vSnf;uav;
tjzpf uGefysLwm
toHk;jyK
olwdkif;
udk pGJ
vrf; cHkrif
oGm;apcJyh gw,f/

83

A PPLE P OWERBOOK
100 (1991)

u laptop
'DZdkif;a[mif;awGudk awmfvSefypfEdkifcJh
w,f/ txl;ojzihf uD;bkwfudprSm
toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf ydkjyD; oGufvuf
jrefqefrI ay;oGm;w,f/ aemuf laptop
'DZdkif;awG b,favmufaumif;aumif;
wpfcsdefu
apple &J U
Powerbook 100

81

BITTORRENT (2001)

BitTorrent &JU jyif;xefwJh dkuf

cwfrIawGudk 'DaeYtxd jrifawGUae&qJ
jzpfw,f/ Net traffic tukefvHk;&JU 75
&mcdkifEIef;txd P2P protocol twGuf
ay:jyLvmjzpfjyD; toHk;usoGm;vdrhfr,f
vdkY cefYrSef; wGufcsufxm;Muw,f/

80

ATA (1986)

Western Digital u acwf O D ;

umvrSm 'D ribbon-cable standard
udk hard drive qufoG,fa&;twGuf

wDxGifcJhjyD; ESpfaygif; 20 ausmf MumwJh

txd ay:jyLvmjzpfcJh&w,f/ a&S;OD;ydkif;
u 'D cables awGu ysufp;D vG,af yr,fh
aemufydkif;rSm toHk;cHypnf;awG jzpfvm
apygw,f/

79

HP L ASERJET III
(1990)

Hk;vkyfief;awG
rS m workhorse
printer taeeJY vl
odrsm;jyD; 'DaeYtxd
emrnfwpfvHk;eJY armf',f pD ; &D ; awG
udk xkwfvkyfa&mif;csEdkifcJhw,f/ 1991
ckESpfrSm LaserJet III si u network
csdwfjyD;vkyfEdkifzdkY yxrqHk; rdwfquf
ay;cJhwm jzpfw,f/

78

RED HAT LINUX (1995)

Commercial Linux aqmhz0

f aJ wG
xJrSm a&S;OD;tusqHk;jzpfw,f/ Opensource ae&m us,fus,fjyefYjyefY&vm

a&;twGuf tajccH axmufwdkifwpfck

jzpfwmudk vlwdkif; em;vnfxm;Mu&
w,f/ tajccHaxmufwdkif Red Hat

power
book 100

taMumif ;
ajym jy ae
Mu & qJ
jzpfw,f/

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{jyD? 2008 23

100
Greatest Of All Time

aMumifh ,aeYay:jyLvmjzpfvmwJh Ubuntu qdkwm jzpfvm&w,f/

77

C AMBRIDGE S OUND WORKS M ICROWORKS

(1996)

Cambridge Soundworks qdw

k m
satellite/subwoofer concept twGuf
wDxiG cf w
hJ mjzpfw,f/ Divine 2.1 channel microworks rdwfqufrIeJYtwl

yDpDaps;uGufxJudk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
a&muf&SdvmcJhw,f/ toHydkif;qdkif&meJY
ywfoufvdkY yDpDawGtwGuf jyD;jynfhpHkrI
&SdapjyD; 11 ESpfwm umvtwGif;vnf;
ydkrdkacwfrDwJhpepfawGeJY wnf&SdvmcJhyg
w,f/

76

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER (1980)

uG e f y sLwmwpf v H k ; eJ Y tvm;
oPmefwljyD; xkxnfaumif;aumif;eJY
tvGefw&m aps;EIef;csKdomwJh protoPC jzpfygw,f/ BASIC eJY LOGO programming awGtxd awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
rdwfqufxm;&SdcJhjyD jzpfw,f/

75

OSBORNE 1 (1981)

WordStar udk business application awGeJY preload vkyfxm;jyD;

ay:xGuv
f mwJh CP/M machine wpfck
jzpfw,f/ uGefysLwmorkdif;pOf Osborne &JU oGufvufcsufcsmpGm wuf

24

ovdk yxrqHk; personal computer

vdkYvnf; ajymEdkifygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

72
vmcJhjyD; tragic yarns tjzpf tod
trSwfjyKcJhMu&w,f/

74

EUDORA (1988)

Illinois wuov
kd u
f ausmif;om;
wpfOD;jzpfwJh Steve Dorner u Macintosh uGefysLwmawGtwGuf e-mail
available taeeJY toHk;cszdkY a&;qGJay;
cJhwJh ydk*&rfjzpfw,f/ wpfenf;ajym
&&if AOL toHk;rjyKwJholawGtwGuf
tD;ar;vfvkyfief;udk toHk;csEdkifapcJhwm
jzpfw,f/

73

MITS A LTAIR 8800

(1975)

MITS u

wnfaqmufcJhwJh uGef
ysLwmjzpfw,f/ Intel 8080 CPU udk
toHk;jyKcJhw,f/ yxrqHk; microprocessor tjzpf vlwdkif; todtrSwfjyKcJh&

MICROTEK MSF-300 Z
(1989)

'DaeYacwf scanners awGu aps;

EIef; csKdcsKdomomeJY &EdkifMuovdk toHk;
jyK&wmvnf; vG,fulvSw,f/ 'pf*spf
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udk wefzdk;MuD;jyD; xkxnfMuD;rm;vSwJh
monstrosities awGudk oHk;Mu&w,fqdk
wm rSwfwdkifwpfckjzpfcJh&w,f/

71

H ITACHI 7K 1000
(2007)

3 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;

drive av;wpfck&JU 0ifqHhrIyrmPudk 1
Terabyte txd xm;&SdjyD; xkwfvkyfEdkif

100
Greatest Of All Time

cJw
h ,f/ Hard dirve pwif ay:xGe;f vm
cJjh yD; 13 ESpt
f MumrSm MuD;us,w
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w,f/ 2020 jynfhESpfavmufrSm petabyte yrmPtxd jrifMu&rvm;vdYk arQmf
rSef;EdkifcJh&w,f/

70

L IQUID
(2000)

C OOLING

yg0gtm;aumif;aumif;eJY pGrf;
aqmif&nfjrihfjrihf vkyfudkifwJh tpdwf
tydkif;awG rsm;vmjyD;jzpfwJhtcsdefrSm yDpD
system &JU tpdwt
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avQmh c szd k Y liquid cooling pepf u d k
wDxiG Ef ikd cf w
hJ ,f/ Liquid Cooling pepf
eJY overclockers awGudk pdefac:cGifh jyK
vdkufw,f/

69

INTEL 440BX (1998)

wwd,rsKd;qufopf Pentium II
eJY Pentium III chipset awGu ESpf
tawmfMum motherboard technology &JU txGwftxdyfwpfae&mudk rSwf
rSwo
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h ,f/
Intel u xkwv
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f ahJ emufyikd ;f armf',f
awGtwGuf 440 BX boards u pjyD;
tajcjriafh y;cJw
h mvdYk rSw,
f x
l m;Edik cf MhJ u
w,f/

68

LOTUS 1-2-3 (1983)

Spreadsheets awGeJYtwl formative computing udk tvG,fwul

toH;k csEdik zf Ykd lotus 1-2-3 u ajz&Si;f ay;
EdkifcJhw,f/ 'D suits udk yDpDavmu&JU
yxrqHk; killer app tjzpf todtrSwf

jyKMu&w,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

65

M ICROSOFT
(1989)

W ORD

eJY oHk;&wm [dk

ra&muf 'Dra&muf jzpfaewJt
h csed rf mS ydik f
ydkifEdkifEdkif jynfhjynfh00&Sdapr,fh microsoft word xGufay:vmcJhw,f/ Word
pwifxu
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trHawG &SdaeMu&qJ jzpfw,f/
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64

DVD (1995)

0ifqHhrIyrmP 8.5 gigabytes

avmuftxd &Sw
d hJ discs rsKd;awGukd oH;k pGJ
cGihf&vdkufMuwJhtjyif VHS tapes awG
wpfyHkwpfyifeJY ajzazsmfa&;u@udk
toH;k cs&wJh 0efus,f
rIawGukd ajz&Si;f ay;cJh
w,f/ DVD standard wpf c k w nf ; eJ Y
OD;pGm ay:xGuv
f mwJh
yHkpHjzpfw,f/

26

67

3.5 INCH HARD DRIVE

(1987)

Hard Drive awGudk 5 'or 25

vufrt&G,f formfactor eJY poHk;cJh&m

66

SOCKET 939 (2004)

AMD &J U 'k w d , rsKd ; quf o pf

Athlon 64 socket u pGrf;aqmif&nf

udk tvG,fwul jrifhwifEdkifzdkY vkyfudkif

pGrf; &Sdvmw,f/ Dual-channel 128bit interface twGuf toifjh zpfomG ;ap
&wJt
h jyif wefz;kd usoihrf u
I vnf; ouf
oufomom &SdoGm;ap&w,f/

uae 3 'or 5 vuf r t&G , f u d k

ajymif;&if; trsm;oHk; standard wpfck
jzpfvm&w,f/

63

NVIDIA SLI (2004)

Computing Oya'awGt& graphics boards ESpfckudk yDpDwpfvHk;xJrSm

xnfhoGif;&if; performance jrifhwifzdkY

100
Greatest Of All Time

r,fh 2006 ckESpfrSm aemufqHk;tqihf

jznfph u
G rf aI wGeYJ twl atmifjrifwhJ Perpendicular hard drive recording vkyf
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w,f/ q,fpkESpfrsm;pGmtwGif; magnetic storage awG t wG u f tvG e f
ta&;MuD;wJh qef;opfrIwpf&yftjzpf
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tcGifhtvrf; r&SdcJhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh jzpf

atmif zefwD;cJhMuw,f/ Nvidia u
orm;d;k usenf;ynmudk azmufxu
G &f if;
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udk vrf;xGifay;EdkifcJhygw,f/

video-encoding format wpfcktjzpf

&yfwnfEdkifzdkYtwGuf wpfavmuvHk;udk
arQmfvihfcsuf taumif;qHk; ay;EdkifcJh
w,f/ Set-top DVD player awG
twGufyg yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;cJhw,f/

57

I NTEL P ENTIUM M
(2003)

awGudk laptop
awGxrJ mS xnfo
h ;kH zdYkqw
kd m q,fpEk pS af wG
ausmfvGefjyD; MudK;pm;cJhMu&w,f/ Intel
u tHhMoavmufwJh performance rsKd;
&jyD; Low-power eJY toHk;csEdkifr,fh
chip udk wDxGifay;EdkifcJhwmu rSwf
ausmufwifp&m jzpfc&hJ ygw,f/ Desktop Pentiums awGeYJ uGm[aewJh uGuf
D kd
vyfukd pentium m eJY laptop awGqu
aygif;ul;ay;wJh wHwm;wpfcktaeeJY
vnf; todtrSwfjyKMu&w,f/
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62

I NTEL C ORE 2 D UO
(2006)

Desktop awGrSmoHk;oHk;? mobile

awGrmS oH;k oH;k wyfqiftoH;k jyKEdik af pjyD;

,aeYacwf computing environment
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jyefY jzpfxGef;cJhygw,f/

60

M CAFEE V IRUSSCAN
(1989)

Windows pepfawGqdkwm 1990

jynfhESpfuwnf;u antivirus software rygbJ vnfywfapw,fqdkwm

rjzpf&atmif ay:xGufvm&wJh ydk*&rf

vdkY Tef;qdkEdkifygw,f/

59

AGP (1997)

*&yfzpfvkyfief;pOfrSm ydkjyD; bandwidth aumif;apEdi

k zf Ykd AGP Slot qdw
k m
udk Intel u a&S;OD;pGm enf;vrf; azmf
xkwaf y;cJw
h ,f/ csucf si;f qdo
k vdk standard yHkpHjzpfoGm;apEdkifcJhw,f/

61

DIVX(2001)

Disposable DVD format r[kwf

yg/ Div X u universal compressed

28

uGefysLwm*sme,f

58

PERPENDICULAR HARD
D RIVE R ECORDING
(2006)

rlvtpuajym&&if 1970 jynfEh pS f

uwnf;u wDxGifEdkifcJhwmvdkY ajym&ay

100
Greatest Of All Time

56

W ESTERN D IGITAL
R APTOR WD 360GD
(2003)

taewpf&yftwGif; owif;tydkYt,l
vkyEf ikd zf Ykd 0efaqmifraI y;cJw
h m jzpfw,f/

10000 rpm eJY vnfywfjyD; 0ifqr

hH I
yrmP 36 GB &SdwJh hard drive tjzpf
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f uf&if; high-speed SATA storage vdkY u@opf zGihfay;cJhygw,f/
smallish size jzpfayr,fhvnf; highperformance users awG t wG u f

qHk; tMuD;pm; LCD armfeDwmwpfck

tjzpf owfrSwfMu&w,f/

51

xdyfwef;a&G;cs,fp&m ypnf; jzpfvm&

w,f/

55

A PPLE
(1984)

M ACINTOSH

uG e f y sLwmavmu Apple u
yxrqHk; toGifqef;apcJhw,fvdkY ajym
Edkifygw,f/ ,aeYacwfrSm vlwdkif; od&Sd
em;vnfjyD;jzpfwhJ mouse-driven GUI
pepfudk pwifazmfxkwfcJhwJh uGefysLwm
jzpfw,f/

53

WINDOWS 95 (1995)

yDpDavmutwGuf multitasking
tppftrSef&&Sdapum vSywJh GUI udk
toHk;cscGihfay;EdkifcJhw,f/ File names
t&SnfoHk;EdkifjyD; TCP/ IP awG qihfwif
ay;EdkifoGm;apw,f/ yDpDavmu zGHUjzdK;
wdk;wufa&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpf
tjzpf todtrSwfjyKMu&w,f/

52

D ELL U LTRASHARP
2405 FPW (2005)

Video inputs awGeJY unimpechable quality awG &&S d a pwJ h t jyif

54

AOL INSTANT MESSENGER (1997)

Instant messaging qdkwJh 0ef

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taumiftxnfazmfay;cJhw,f/ Private online chat qdkwm yxrqHk; pcJh

wmvdkY ajymvdkY&w,f/ vufiif; tajc

30

uGefysLwm*sme,f

xkxnfMuD;rm;wJh AD'D,dk *&yfzpfawGudk

0efaqmifraI y;Edik w
f hJ Widescreen graphics awG tjynfhtpHkygvmwJh yxr

51

INTEL PENTIUM (1993)

Intel taeeJY eHygwfpOfawGwyfjyD;

xkwv
f yk rf u
I aetrnfemray;jyD; pwif
xkwfvkyfrIudk Pentium u pcJhwm jzpf
w,f/ olY&JU 64 bit data path eJYtwl
dual pipeline wpfck toGiftjyifeJY
yxrqH;k xkwv
f yk w
f hJ Intel
chip

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ajym&
rSmjzpf
w,f/
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computing

&JU ajcvSrf;ao;ao;vdkY
vnf; owfrSwfEdkifygw,f/

50

UBUNTU (2004)

Linux c&D;pOft&SnfMuD; avQmuf

vmcJhjyD; vufawGUuswJhyHkpHjzpfvmjyD;
tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEdkifapzdkY Ubuntu
xGuaf y:vmcJ&h ygw,f/ ,cktcg Dell

100
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txl;ojzifh awmifudk&D;,m;EdkifiH&JU
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Mu&w,f/

BitTorrent txd t&m&mwdi

k ;f u Napster udk t&if;cHtjzpfxm;jyD; aqmif
&GufMu&wmjzpfw,f/ Music search

taeeJY tm;ud;k tm;xm;jyKEdik cf MhJ uw,f/

43
u yDpDxkwfvkyf&mrSm Windows &JU alternative taeeJY preinstall vkyfjyD;
a&mif;csaejyDjzpfw,f/

49

MIRABILIS ICQ (1996)

Mirabilis u wDxi
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downloadable software processor
wpfckjzpfw,f/ AOL u ydkifqdkifcJh
w,f/ Instant messaging udk ICQ eJY

pcJw
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w,f/

Microsoft armufpfudk

46

ATI R ADEON 9700

(2002)

yg0gtiftm;taumif;qH;k graphics boards taeeJY rSwf,laeMu&qJ

jzpfw,f/ ATI \
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qHk; Direct X 9 udk
tjynfht0 yHhydk;
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card jzpfw,f/

47

STARCRAFT (1998)

1998 ckESpftwGuf a&mif;tm;

taumif;qHk; uGefysLwm*drf;tjzpf rSwf
ausmufwifcJh&w,f/ Strategy game
awGxJrSm MuHhMuHhcH atmifvHxlxm;qJ
jzpfw,f/ oufwrf; udk;ESpfausmfuay
r,fh professional gaming tournaments xJrSm yg0ifaeqJjzpfaew,f/

INTEL 430FX TRITON

(1995)

Socket 7 taeeJY motherboard

rSm olryg&if rjyD;wJyh pkH H jzpfomG ;&w,f/

Intel &JU rlvyxr Triton chipset
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Mum xdef;xm;ay;EdkifcJhw,f/

45
48

M ICROSOFT I NTELLI
EXPLORER 3.0
(2003)
MOUSE

3-5-I NCH
(1983)

F LOPPY

5 'or 25 vufrt&G,f floppies tpm; t&nftaoG;omvGefjyD;

trsm;qHk; standard taeeJY tcsdef
tawmfMum &yfwnfEdkifcJhwJh portable
storage ypnf;wpfrsKd; jzpfw,f/ uGef
ysLwmwpfvHk;rS tjcm;wpfvHk;qDodkY
data tul;tajymif;vkyf&mrSm toHk;cs
EdkifcJhMuygw,f/

44

tjrJwap
udkifwG,ftoHk;jyK&olawGtwGuf ouf
aomifhoufom&Sd&SdeJY xdef;csKyf aqmif
&Guf,lEdkifwJh IME 3.0 udk xkwv
f yk af y;
cJhw,f/ Tef;qdkcsufeJYtnD toHk;0ifcJh
wmrdkY optical sensor awGeJY vkyfwJh
armufpfqdkwm standard jzpfoGm;ap
cJhw,f/

NAPSTER (1999)

P2P toHk;csEdkifa&; twGuf 0ef

aqmifraI wG ay;vmw,f/ iTune uae

42

386 E NHANCED M ODE

(1992)

Multitasking &JU rlvtpydkif;rSm

toH;k jyKMuwJh 80386-based PC awGukd
Windows 3.1 eJY DOS apps awGMum;
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cJhwJh operational mode jzpfw,f/

41

WINDOWS 98 SECOND
EDITION (1999)

qihfuJjzpfpOfwpfcktaeeJY Windows 95 tay: Windows 98 jzifh

vTrf;rdk;u ydkjyD; jznfhqnf;rIay;EdkifcJhay
r,fh odyfryDjyifcJhyg/ Windows 98
second edition wGir
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twGuf uGefysLwmordkif;pOfrSm rSwf
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35
40

COMMODORE 64
(1982)

wpfu,
kd af &oH;k uGeyf sLwmavmu
ppcsif; IBM wdkY IBM-compatibles
wdkYeJY apple wdkYawG tm;vHk;u tjydKif
tqdkif jzpfaecsdefrSm commodore 64
qdkwJh uGefysLwmtrsKd;tpm;u t&nf
taoG; twlwl&jyD; aps;EIef; 595
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wmrdkY tdrfoHk; uGefysLwmorm;awG
twGuf txifu&jzpfcJh&ygw,f/

39

EPSON MX-80 (1982)

awG u d k
toHk;jyKwJhtcg ae&ma&TUajymif;wmwdkY?
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38

IBM T HINK P AD 700

(1992)

Portable computing qd k w m
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'gayr,fh IBM Thinkpad 700 av;

32

uGefysLwm*sme,f

xGuv
f mcsderf mS awmh laptop awG tay:
oHk;pGJolawGu qGJaqmifrI tjrihfqHk;
a&mufoGm;apcJhygw,f/

37

[d k ; tcsd e f u CPUs wd k i f ; u
rm;om;bkwfeJY taowyfqifxm;jyD;
om; taetxm;rsKd; jzpfw,f/ 1994
ckEpS rf mS awmh Socket 7 xGuaf y:vmcJjh yD;
rm;om;bkwfay:rSm b,fvdk CPUs
trsKd;tpm;udkjzpfjzpf wyfqif toHk;jyK
EdkifcJhMu&w,f/ Intel yJ oHk;oHk;? AMD
eJYyJ qifqif? Cyrix's chip udkyJ wyf
wyf &EdkifoGm;awmhw,f/

APPLE II (1977)

wpfudk,fa&oHk; uGefysLwmtjzpf
yxrqHk; ay:xGufcJhwmrdkY uGefysLwm
ordik ;f aMumif;twGuf rSww
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cJh&w,f/ Steve Jobs taeeJY 1975
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ay;EdkifcJhw,f/

36

SOCKET 7 (1994)

CD-R (1988)

odkrSD;odrf;qnf;rIawGudk ydkifydkifEdkif
Edkif Mum;cHtajymif;ta&TU ulyHhypnf;
wpfcktjzpf pGrf;aqmifay;EdkifcJhw,f/
zwfIHktwGufom t oHk; jyK ol awG
twGuf
toHk;0ifcJh
w,f / xk
xnf MuD;
rm;wJh files

34

PCI (1993)

PCI (peripheral component in

ter connect) qdkwJh local bus ray:rD
q,fpkESpfwpfckausmfausmfavmuf ISA
bus eJYom toHk;jyKcJhMu&w,f/ quf

oG,faeaom ypnf;tpdwftydkif;rsm;
ydkrdkwyfqifrIjyKEdkifa&;twGuf xGef;ay:
ay;vmcJh&w,f/

33

D ELL U LTRASHARP
2001 FP (2003)

apmOD;ydik ;f xkwf LCD armfew

D mawG
u pm;yGJay:rSm ae&musOf;usOf;,ljyD;
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100
Greatest Of All Time

w,f/ 'gayr,fh response u tp

tvGefaES;auG;wmrdkY *drf;upm;EdkifzdkY
tcuftcJawG &SdcJhMu&w,f/ Dell eJY
Ultrasharp 2001 FP ay:aygufvmwJh
tcg CRTs enf;wl vkyfudkifEdkifwJh
tqihfudk a&mufEdkifcJhw,f/

32

GL Q UAKE /Q UAKE
WORLD (1996)

3D acwf&JU tpydkif;txd Quake

twGuf xkwfay;cJhwJh mods awGu

tpGrf;jyEdkifcJhw,f/ *drf;udk upm;wJh

ae&mrSm MudKwifwu
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wm jzpfw,f/ Quake World uawmh
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tm;vHk;u todtrSwf pjyKcJhMu&w,f/

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ESpfckeJY vrf;aMumif; pzGihfay;cJhygw,f/

wnfay;EdkifcJhygw,f/

29

A DOBE
(1990)

P HOTOSHOP

vufawGUqefwJh "mwfyHkavmu
wpfckudk a&muf&SdzdkY Adobe u Photoshop qdw
k meJY pwifwnfaqmufay;Edik f
w,f/ Adobe Photoshop udk Munfh
jyD; aemufydkif;rSm tvm;wl application awG wpfoDwpfwef;MuD; xGufvm
Muawmhw,f/

31

30

C OMPAQ
(1983)

P ORTABLE

Compaq u PC clone market

udkvnf; &ap? portable computer qdk

34

uGefysLwm*sme,f

27

AMD A THLON
(2003)

64

AMD Athlon 64 xGufvmwJh

tcg Intel u tpOfwpdkuf processor udk vTrf;rdk;aecJhwJh t&Sdeft0g acw
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2 Duo xGufrvmrcsif; ajc wpfvSrf;
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jzpfoGm;apygw,f/

26

MATROX G400 (1999)

wpfckwnf;&Edkifwmxuf ESpfck
&Edkif&if b,ft&mrqdk ydkaumif;w,f
qdw
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tpysKd;EdkifapcJhygw,f/

connector selection rsKd;awGudk ajz

&Sif;ay;&if; standards wpfcktjzpf &yf

CD-ROM (1984)

Digital audio uae computer

data oH;k tjzpf ckew
f ufvu
kd jf yD; aqmhz0f J

28

ATX (1995)

AT motherboard formfactor udk

tawmfMum oHk;cJhMujyD;aemuf AT mobo eJY case awGtwGuf t"du jyem
tcsKdUudk ajz&Si;f ay;Edik zf Ykd ATX ay:xGuf
vmcJhw,f/ *a[aqmfxm;wJh powersupply connector rsKd ; eJ Y archaic

xkwfvkyfolawGtwGuf xda&mufrI
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100
Greatest Of All Time

Floppy tpm; MuD;rm;wJh data yrmP

awGukd odrk ;DS cGi&fh oGm;Mu&w,f/ 'D optical disc format u floppy toHk;csrI

cJhw,f/ vIyfcgoGm;apwJh color/ graphics adapter (CGA) card jzpfyg

w,f/

awGudk tMuD;tus,f avsmhoGm;apcJhwJh

tjyif ,aeYtcsdeftxd ay:jyLvm jzpf
aeqJ jzpfygw,f/

23

25

HALF-LIFE (1998)

*drf;avmurSm 'DaeYtcsdeftxd
ta&mif;&qHk; PC Shooter tjzpf &yf
wnfEikd cf w
hJ ,f/ pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f m Zmwf
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avmufatmif pGr;f aqmifomG ;Edik cf w
hJ hJ rsK;d
qufopfwpfckudk zefwD;ay;cJhygw,f/

CABLE MODEM (1996)

w,fvDzkef;vdkif;udk toHk;csjyD;
tifwmemcsdwfquf,l&wm jzpfw,f/
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kd meJY pdwf
wdkif;rus jzpf&wmawG ajyaysmufoGm;
apawmhw,f/

21

IBM PC K EYBOARD
(1981)

twGuf
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wnfaqmufay;cJhw,f/
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20

CREATIVE LABS SOUND

BLASTER 1.0 (1989)

trsm;pkrSm wu,fh
tppftrSef toHk;0ifapwJh onboard
audio system awG rygcJah y/ 'gaMumifh
add-in card yHkpHjyKay;vdkufwJhtcg
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aqmif&u
G af y;Edik cf w
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Labs Sound Blaster 1.0 yJ jzpfw,f/
PC Clones

22

DDR SDRAM (2000)

Memory twGuf tm;opfavmif;

zdkY ay:xGufvmwJh DDR SDRAM u

24

IBM CGA
(1981)

C ARD

u
rdrt
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dS t
hJ a&mifwikd ;f udk ay;Edik pf rG ;f &Sd
wmrdYk ay:jyLvmjzpfcw
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2000 jynfhESpftwGif; aps;EIef;MuD;jrihf

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vmwJh aemufydkif; bandwidth ESpfq
&wJh DDR SDRAM udk trsm;MudKuf
jzpfoGm;apcJhw,f/

19

L ITHIUM -I ON C ELLS
(1991)

tE&m,fjzpfapwJh nickel-based
battery awGtpm; 0ifa&mufvmwJh Lithium-ion cell u vdktyfcsufawGudk
jynfhpHkoGm;apwJhtjyif Mum&SnfMumrsm;
toHk;cHvmw,f/

36

uGefysLwm*sme,f

100
Greatest Of All Time

18

W ESTERN D IGITAL
CAVIAR 1GB (1994)

IBM u yxrydkif; yxrqHk; gigabyte tqih f hard drive awGudk

xk w f v k y f c J h y gao;w,f / 'gayr,f h
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ckEpS f ZGev
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cJ h w m rS w f w d k i f
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w,f/

17

FAST ETHERNET (1995)

10 Mb/s uae 100 Mb/s tqihf

udk &oGm;apwJh Ethernet jzpfcJh&w,f/
wired networking twG u f Fast
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EdkifcJhygw,f/

16

N VIDIA G E F ORCE 2
(2000)

yxrqHk; xGufay:vmwJh pixelshading GPU trsKd;tpm; jzpfw,f/

3D obm0ud k mainstream xJ
ta&mufyYkd ay;Edik cf yhJ gw,f/ Advanced
Lighting technique eJY filtering feature awG yg0ifvmygw,f/

38

uGefysLwm*sme,f

15

MS-DOS (1980)

tvGefdk;&Sif;ygw,f/ yxrqHk;
tqihfrSm QDOS (Quick and Dirty
Operating System) vdkY ac:w,f/
tvGef IyfaxG;wJh UNIX wdkY mainframe OSes awG rygbJ uGefysLwm
vkyfief;pOfrSm MS.DOS u rdwfquf
ay;zdkY tpydkif;rSm tonf;toefjzpfcJh&
ayr,fh tm;vH;k tqifajy acsmarmoGm;cJh
&ygw,f/

14

13

802.11B (1999)

1990 jynfhESpf aESmif;ydkif;upjyD;

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txnfazmfEdkifcJhayr,fh xda&mufrI r&Sd
cJhay/ 1999 ckESpfrSm 802.11B qdkwm
xGuf ay:vmEdkifcJhrSom vHkavmufwJh
band width eJY vufawGUusus cable
free networking pepfudk toHk;csoGm;
apEdkifcJh&w,f/

INTEL 486DX (1989)

a,bk,soabmt& 486 vdkYyJ

ac:ac:? 486 DX vdkYyJ ac:ac: ac:qdk
Edkifygw,f/ built-in memory cache
xnfhoGif;xm;vdkufjyD; 32 bit archi
tecture yHkpH 'DZdkif;eJY wnfaqmuf,lcJh
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MHz eJY 50 MHz qdkwJh clock speed
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w,f/ tqdkyg chip udk 2007 ckESpf
pufwifbmvtxd xkwfvkyfrI &SdapcJh
ygw,f/

12

MOUSE (1963)

Stanford rS Douglas Engelbart

u rlvyxr armufpfwpfrsKd;udk 1960
jynfhESpftwGif;rSm wDxGifay;cJhw,f/
1970 jynfhESpfrSmawmh yHkpHjyK rSwfyHkwif
vkyfEdkifcJhw,f/ 1972 ckESpfrSm Xerox
u ball wpfckeJY jznfhqnf;ay;&if; ydkrdk
toHk;wnfhoGm;apcJhw,f/ tJ'Daemuf

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Apple uGefysLwmawGrSm

toHk; jyK&if;
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11

MP3 (1991)

xm;vdu
k rf ,fq&kd if Doom u 3D *dr;f
&JU vrf;jyajryHjk zpfomG ;apygw,f/ pwif
upm;cGihf&uwnf;u *drf;upm;ol
taygif;udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif vIyfcgEdkifjyD;
ay:jyLvmjzpfcJh&ygw,f/

HAYES SMARTMODERN
(1981)

pdwfcsvufcs toHk;jyKcGihf&EdkifcJhw,f/
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MuqJjzpfw,f/

DIRECTX (1995)

Industry-standard PC graphics platform udk wpfrsKd; qef;opfpGm

eJY *drf;awGupm;EdkifzdkY microsoft u
graphics API qdkwm wDxGifay;cJhwm

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10

awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ,aeYtxd vnfywf

aeEdkifMuqJ jzpfw,f/

DOOM (1993)
Wolfenstein 3D udk

tom z,f

IBM 5150 (1981)

16 KB RAM eJY internal 5.25

inch floppy drive yg&SdwJh IBM 5150
u yxrqHk; modem PC tjzpf tod

trSwfjyKcJhMu&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdeftcg
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toHk;cscGihf &Muw,f/ IBM u 5150

QUAKE (1996)

Doom eJY Duke Nukem 3D qdk

wm tem*wf*rd ;f avmu&JU oHawmfqihf
awGvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ trSefwu,f
vnf; Doom u 3D *dr;f twGuf tmrcH
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100
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WINDOWS XP (2001)

Windows XP u Windows xGuf&SdjyD;

orQawGxJrSm taumif;qHk;qdkwm vlwdkif;u rSwf,lxm;cJhMu&w,f/

Windows 95 wdYk Window 98SE wdYk &UJ xGe;f um;ajymifajrmufrx

I uf jyD;jynfph w
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support wdkYyJ jzpfw,f/

NCSA MOSAIC (1993) acwfopf uGefysLwmpepf

3DFX VOODOO 1 (1996)

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42

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MATERIALS
Optical USB mouse I used an off-brand,
model HTM-67WT
PNP transistor, 2N3906 Radioshack #276-1604
Electric vibrating motor Salvage from cellphone.
or use Sanko Electric #1E120, available at
allelectronics.com, catalog#VB-1
or 1k
micro trim potentiometer A 10k pot,
5k
like RadioShack #271-282, works, but lower values
fit the adjusting range better
Diode, 1N4001
resistor
1k
Mini perfboard RadioShack #276-0148

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{jyD? 2008

43

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44

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{jyD 2008

49

New Products

HP Pavilion Elite M9040N PC

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Haier Ibiza Rhapsody
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61

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64

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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uGefysLwm*sme,f

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{jyD? 2008

71

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[Ref : PC Advisor Nov 2007]

{jyD? 2008

75

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{jyD? 2008

77

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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om storage ay;xm;ayr,fh ay;ydYk ol

awGtwGufudkawmh vHkjcHKa&; jrihf

jrifrh m;rm; wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/
http://www.ureach.com: NGO

tzGUJ tpnf;wpfc&k UJ tcrJh 0efaqmifrI

wpfckyg/

78

uGefysLwm*sme,f

http://vfemail.net: 15 MB &SdjyD; upl ygr,f/

grade udak wmh aiGay;0,f,&
h t t p : / / w w w. z i l l a d o g . c o m :

uav;awGtwGuf &nf&G,fjyD; *drf;

awG aqmhupm;EdkifapzdkY oli,fcsif;
awGeJY e-mail tjyeftvSef ydkYaqmif
apzdkY zefwD;xm;ygw,f/
http://www.yahoo.com/mail:
a&S;tusqHk;eJY rsm;jym;wJh domain
aygif;pHk &SdaewJh service yg/ yahoo

ukrPD&JUtydkif jzpfygw,f/
Email Tools
http://www.fuser.com: Gmail, Yahoo mail wdYkvkd Email toH;k jyKae&if;
eJY inbox twGif;rSm chat/IM toHk;

jyKvd k Y &atmif pD p Of a y;xm;yg

w,f/
http://www.grab.com: Grab Mail udk
oHk;pGJae&if;eJY tjcm;aom Mail
awGudk account wpfckwnf;eJY ppf
aq;vdkY &Edkifygw,f/
http://www.jumpzemail.com:
urmay:rSm&SdwJh internet csdwfquf

xm;wJh uGefysLwmwpfckckuaejyD;
pmydkY? pm,lvkyfEdkifwJh web-based
mail wpfck jzpfygw,f/
http://www.mailweb.com: POP3
.IMAP awGudk cGihfjyKxm;wJhtwGuf
ISP uae owfrw
S af y;xm;wJh mail
awGudk mail2web uae wpfqifh

csdwfquf toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/
http://mymail.com: 100 MB yrmP

odkavSmifcGihf ay;tyfxm;wJhtjyif
POP3 eJY IMAP wdkYudkyg csdwfquf
Edkifygw,f/
http://www.tamadaa.com: web
tajcjyK client program wpf c k
jzpfygw,f/ Gmail eJY Yahoo mail
pwmawGudk aygif;xnfhEdkifjyD; mail

ppfaq;Edkifygw,f/

http://www.techmail.com: tcrJh 25
MB ay;xm;jyD ; ]oih f e mrnf @
techemail.com } qd k w J h handle

wpfckudk ydkifqdkif&ygvdrhfr,f/
Miscellaneous Mail Services
http://www.earthclassmail.com:
udk,fzsufqD;ypfcJhjyD; jzpfwJh email

ta[mif;awGuakd wmifrS jyefvnf ppf

aq; MunfhIcGihfay;xm;jyD; ukrPD&JU
server xJrSm txl; odrf;qnf;ay;
xm;ygw,f/
http://www.futureme.org: aemif
vmr,fh wpfESpf 'grS r[kwf ig;ESpf
pwJh tem*wftwGuf MudKufwhJ tcsed f
udk a&G;cs,fjyD; wifMudKay;ydkYxm;Edkif
ygw,f/
http://www.hoaxmail.com: ydYk aqmif
ol&JU email vdyfpmawGudk rodapvdk
wJ h tcgrsKd ; eJ Y SMS oabmrsKd ;
tvsiftjref ydYk aqmifay;Edik yf gw,f/
http://www.l8r.nu: aemif ig;ES p f
twGuf Email awGudk MudKwifay;ydkY
xm;vdkY &ygw,f/
http://www.postful.com: vH k j cH K rI
jynfh0pGmeJY email tydkY? t,lawGudk
jyKvkyfvdkY &ovdk tcay; user awG
twGuaf wmh $ 0.99 owfrw
S x
f m;yg
w,f/
http://www.pranketh.com: mail eJY
twl ygvmEdkifwJh tzsuftarSmihf
Adkif;&yfpfydk;rTm;awGudk t"du ESdrfeif;
ay;jyD; vdkovdk MunhfI ppfaq;Edkifyg
w,f/
http://www.shinyletter.com: <u,f0
rsm;jym;wJh text tools awG&JU font
style rsKd;pHk yg0ifxm;jyD; aES;auG;pGm
tvkyf vkyfygw,f/
http://www.2prong.com: Email

vdyfpmudk roufqdkifolrsm; rod&Sdap

&ef ajc&mazsmuf ydYkaqmifay;ygw,f/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

{jyD? 2008

79

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
t0ifpm
udk vufcHHk oD;oefYom xm;&Sdcsif
aom email wpfcu
k kd oH;k pGcJ siw
f t
hJ cg
rsKd;rSm tvGef toHk;wnfhygw,f/
http://www.e4ward.com: toHk;rus
aom email rsm; tqrwef forward
vkyfaqmifaerIudk umuG,fEdkifyg
w,f/
http://emailions.com oifhudk ajc&m
rcHEikd af pzdYk email vdypf maygif; ajrmuf
jrm;pGmudk &,lcGihf jyKxm;ygw,f/
http://www.dodgeit.com:

awGukd oefYpifay;jyD; Inbox udk vHjk cHK

apygw,f/
http://www.spamgournet.com:
spam awG rw&m;yd k Y aewwf w J h
vdyfpmawGudk ESdrfeif;jyD; spam wdkuf

zsufa&; tzGJUtpnf;udk wdkifMum;ay;

ygw,f/

http://www.guerrillamail.com:
spam email awGudk a&Smif&Sm;csifwJh

tcgrsKd;rSm toHk;0ifygw,f/
http://www.mailexpire.com: email
box xJrSm&SdaewJh spam awGudk vrf;

vTJypfapEdkifzdkY toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/
http://www.mailnator.com: spam

awGudk t"du ESdrfeif;ay;jyD; oihf&JU

email vdyfpmtppfeJY csdwfqufjyD;
oHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/

Error code trSm;rsm;

400 Bad Request

tifwmeufrmS vdck siw

f hJ webpage
wpfckudk &SmazGwJh tcgrSm server [m
&SmrawGUwm? 'grSr[kwf toHk;jyKcGifh
ray;wm 'grSr[kwf toHk;jyKzdkY tcGifh
tmPm r&SdwmaMumifh jzpf&wJh trSm;
wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'grS r[kw&f ifvnf;
pum;vH;k du
k w
f t
hJ cgrSm Oyrm 'yAHoo
.com' qdkovdk pmvHk; tMuD;? tao;udk
a&maESmdu
k rf w
d maMumifh awGU&wJh trSm;
rsKd;yg/

http://www.pookmail.com: email

vdyfpmav; wpfckudk wpf&ufwm

twG u f y J toH k ; jyKcsif w J h t cgrS m
tqifajyygw,f/
http://www.spam.la: register vkyf
xm;cJhwJh website awGqDuae wpf
qihf 0ifa&mufvmwJh spam awGudk
ajc&mcHjyD; ESdyfuGyfypfygw,f/
http://www.spambox.us: rdepf oHk;
q,fuae wpfESpftwGif; umv
twd k i f ; twmwpf c k t xd y J email
vdyfpmi,fuav;wpfckudk vdktyf&if
sign up vkyfcGihfay;ygw,f/
http://www.spamex.com: wHkYjyefrI
r&Sw
d hJ email ta,mifaqmif aMumfjim

80

uGefysLwm*sme,f

t0ifpmudkom vufcHEdkifwJh tydk

vdyfpmudk &,lEdkifygw,f/
http://www.zoemail.com: spam awG
&efuae uif;a0;apzdkY jrihfrm;wJh
pDrHcefYcGJrIawGudk vkyfaqmifEdkifwJh
tools awG yg0ifxm;w,f/

2. Internet

http://www.gishpuppy.com:
oihf&JU omref email vdyfpmudk

tumtuG , f j yKxm;Ed k i f z d k Y t wG u f
a&SUrSae ta,mifaqmif vdyfpm
wpfckeJY umuG,fay;ygr,f/

h t t p : / / w w w. t e m p i n b o x . c o m :

404-Not found

vdkcsifwJh pmrsufESm[m wpfcg

wavrSm z,f&mS ;cHxm;&wmrsKd; jzpfEdkif
ygw,f / wcsKd U website awG [ m
owif; wpfy'k u
f kd cPwm azmfjyay;jyD;
csufcsif; z,f&Sm;ypfvdkufwmrsKd;aMumifh
jzpfEdkifovdk password 'grSr[kwf
wm;qD; ydwfyifcH&wJh vdyfpmjzpfwm
aMumifh rawGU&wJhtcgrSm jzpfay:vm
wwfwJh Error trSm; jzpfygw,f/
403-For hidden

t"dutm;jzifh password vdktyf

wmaMumifh jzpfwwfjyD; wpfcgwavrSm

tJ'D website [m black list rSm yg0if

aewJh twGuaf Mumifh ISP u cGirfh jyKwm
rsKd;qdk&ifvJ '403-For Hidden' qdkjyD;
tjzLtrnf; ta&mifawGeYJ webpage
&JU b,fbufaxmifrh mS awGU&ygvdrrfh ,f/
401-Unauthorized Request
wpfcgwavrSm web-page &JU Iyf

axG;vSwJh vdyfpm twdtusudk rSwfrd

ayr,fh page wcsKdUudkawmh cGihfrjyKbJ
&Sw
d wfygw,f/ 'Oyrm-www.abc.com'
udak wmh Munfch iG afh y;ayr,fh aemufquf
wGJ www.abc.com/member_login
.php qdkwmrsKd;udkawmh MunfhcGifh&&SdzdkY
vHkavmufwJh password eJY username
&Sd&ygr,f/
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Unavailable qd k w m[m

cHEdkif
&nfxuf ausmfvGefjyD; cdkif;apwmrsKd;
jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm 'yahoo.com' website udk spam awGeJY ydwfqdkYaecJhcsdefrSm
urmwpf0ef;vHk;rSm&SdwJh wjcm; yahoo
oHk;pGJolawG[m yahoo udk 0dkif;0ef;
access vkyfMuwJhtwGuf server [m
kwfw&ufrSm tvkyfrsm;jyD; down

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oGm;cJ&h ygw,f/ tJ'v

D kd tjzpftysufrsKd;
udk Google vnf; wpfcgwavjzpfwm
MuHKawGUcJh&zl;ygvdrhfr,f/

proxy server is refusing

udk,fh&JU uGefysLwmudk internet

csdwfqufay;wJh modem eJY oG,fwef;

xm;wJ h server uG e f y sLwmqd k w m

&Sdygw,f/ (tdrfoHk; user awG twGuf
uawmh ud k , f u d k , f w d k i f & J U yD p D [ m
server jzpfEdkifygw,f/) tJ'D server
uGefysLwmuae jyefvnfjyD; network
cGJa0ay;wJhtcgrSm server rSm ip address xnfhoGif;wm rSm;,Gif;aecJh&if
'Proxy server is refusing' qd k j yD ;
ay:aewwf y gw,f / (Oyrmqd k & if
bagan cyber tech cGijfh yKxm;wJh proxy
IP [m 'cache_dsl.bagan.net.mm'
'grSr[kwf tJ'v
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3. Transfer

MuD;rm;wJh file awGudk ydkYaqmifzdkY enf;vrf; 7 rsKd;

tcktcsdefrSm Gmail [m attachment udk 20 MB txd vufoihc
f v
H u
kd f
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a&; aES;auG;aewJh tcsdefrsKd;awGeJY
Gmail udk oHk;pGJ&cufcJolawG twGuf
awmh tdyfrufwpfck jzpfaeqJyg/ tck
ae&mawGuae MudK;pm;MunfEh ikd yf gw,f/
http://www.yousendit .com

vlodtrsm;qHk; tcrJh 0efaqmifrI

vkyfief; wpfck jzpfygw,f/ account
wpfckudk zefwD;p&mrvdkbJ 100 MB
txd ydkYaqmifvdkY&ovdk yousendit &JU
account wpfck zefwD;vdkufwJh tcg
rSmawmh jyD;jynfhpHkwJh zdkifydkYaqmifrI vkyf
ief; wpfck &&SdoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ yousendit xJukd ud,
k &fh UJ zdik af wGukd upload
wif v d k u f j yD q d k w meJ Y email xJ u d k
taMumif;Mum;wJh pmwpfapmifudka&m
udk,fydkYvdkufwJh email vdyfpm&SifqDa&m
taMumif;Mum;pm a&mufygw,f/ tJ'D

pmxJrSm download &,lEdkifzdkY 'link'

taMumif;uav;wpfck (xifxif &Sm;
&Sm;) yg0ifygw,f/ tcrJh user awGudk
ckepf&ufwmumvtwGuf oHk;pGJcGihf
jyKxm;jyD; aMumfjimawGuakd wmh vufc&H
ygvdhrfr,f/ wu,fvdkY download
limit time ckepf&ufukd MudKufEp
S o
f ufrI
r&Sd&ifawmh wpfvudk 5 a':vmEIef;eJY
premium account 0,f,l&ygr,f/

http://www.megaupload .com

tuefYtowfeJY tcrJhay;xm;yg
w,f/ 500 MB yrmP zdkifawGudk
upload vkyfcGihf &Sdygw,f/ yousendit
vdkyJ tcay;eJY tcrJh cJGjcm;xm;wJh file
transfering 0efaqmifrI wpfckyg/ 'gh
tjyifrSm megaupload toolbar wpfck
udk vufaqmif xnfhoGif;ay;xm;jyD;
vdt
k yfovdk download &,lEikd yf gw,f/
tJ'D tcrJh toolbar [m tifwmeuf
ay:rSm &SdwJh megaupload oHk;pGJaewJh
vlwdkif;&JU trsm;jynfol MunfhIcGihf&SdwJh
zdik rf eS o
f rQukd &SmazGay;ygw,f/ ud,
k zhf ikd f
awGudk oufqdkifwJhvl rodapcsif&if
awmh zip/rar csHKUjyD; password ay;jyD;
upload vkyf&ygr,f/
http://www.zupload.com

tvGef vG,u
f l ;kd pif;wJh enf;ynm
awG a Mumif h upload/download eJ Y
r,Ofyg;wJv
h al wGawmifrS tuRr;f w0if

{jyD? 2008

81

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
http://www.dropsend.com
250 MB tcrJh ay;tyfjyD; wpfv
rSm ig;cgxuf renf; upload wifcGihf

&Sdygw,f/ wpfvrSm ig;a':vm ay;

oGif;jyD; premium account 0,f,lEdkif
ygw,f / 1 GB yrmPeJ Y wjcm;
cHpm;cGifhrsm; &&SdEdkifygvdrhfr,f/
jzpfoGm;Edkifygw,f/ 500 MB yrmP
txd share vkyfcGihf ay;tyfxm;wJh
tjyif tcrJh oHk;pGJolawGudk download
day (wpfv) twdkif;twm ay;xm;wJh
twGuf pdwfauseyfzG,f&m jzpfygw,f/
'ghtjyifrSm desktop twGuf client
program ydk*&rfi,fwpfckudk zefwD;
ay;xm;&mrSm mac, windows OS
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm oHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/

yrmPudk share/transfer vkyfEdkifjyD;

vHkjcHKa&; jrihfrm;rIudk vdkcsifwJhvlawG
twGuf oihfawmfygw,f/
http://www.mediamax.com
Kodak zvifukrPD&JU sharing
0efaqmifrw
I pfck jzpfygw,f/ tcrJh account twGuf tD;ar;vfvdyfpmav;
wpfck &SdaeHkeJY 25 GB storage ay;tyf
jyD; wpfvrSm 10 MB yrmPudkom

ydkYaqmifEdkifygr,f/ wu,fvdkY tuefY

towfr&Sd ydkYaqmifcsif&ifawmh $4.95/
month EIef;xm;eJY 0,f,l&ygvdrhfr,f/

http://www.leapfile.com
http://www.Mailbigfile.com
UK tajcpdkuf Mailbigfile [m
yousendit vdk features awG yg0ifyg
w,f/ rSwfyHkwifp&m rvdkbJ 100 MB

tcrJh ay;ydkYEdkifygw,f/ wpfESpfudk

a':vm 20 avmuf oHk;pGJEdkifr,fqdk&if
awmh tuefYtowfr&SdwJh ae&myrmP
eJY tcsdefyrmPudk &&SdaprSmyg/ web
2.0 avmurSm txif&Sm;qHk;jzpfwJh
'DukrPDi,fuav;[m wpfvrSm user
wpfa,mufwnf;qDuae 25 Mudrf 'grS
r[kwf tJ'DeJY txufudk download/
upload tcrJh vkyfaqmifaewJh awGUcJh
&ifawmh IP udk rSwfom; black list
wifwwfygw,f/

82

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ukrP
t
D oif;tzGUJ awGeYJ pD;yGm;a&;
tiftm;pkawGudk &nf&G,fjyD; ay:xGuf
vmcJhwJh leapfile udk udk,fydkif oHk;pGJcGifh
awGtwGuf rSwfyHkwifpm&if; jznfh&yg
r,f/ wpfvrSm 15 a':vmEIef;eJY 1GB

4. Media Player
Media player (11) uae AD'D,dk kyfyHkawGudk b,fvdk
capture zrf;rvJ
Media player version (11)

uae 'DAD'D? ADpD'D? AD'D,dk kyfyHkawGudk

keyboard uae "print screen preview" button eJ Y wd k u f d k u f
zrf;MunfhEdkifygw,f/
(a) Windows Media Player (11) udk
zGihfyg/
('grS r [k w f mpeg AD ' D , d k
zdkifwpfcktay:rSm Right Click
acgufjyD; "open with>windows
media player" vdkY zGihfvdkYvnf;
&Edkifygw,f/

(b) Media player &JU tay:bm;rSm

&SdwJh tools awGxJurS "More
options" udk &Smyg/ "Now Playing", "library", "Rip", "Bum",

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

5. blog
blog pnf;urf; 10 csuf

wu,fwrf;ajym&&if blog awG

[m online ay:u azsmfajza&; rD'D,m
awGygyJ/ offline rSm r*Zif;? *sme,f?
wDADG? AD'D,dk? oDcsif; *DwawGu vlaerI
b0udk jynfhpHkapovkd blog awG[m
vnf; online ay:u *sme,fawGtjzpfeYJ
netizen awGudkomru avhvmolawG
udyk g azsmfajzrI ay;ygw,f/ blog wpfck
&JU enf;ynm tedrhftjrihf? tqihf
twef;tay: rlwnfjyD; tJ'D blog u
ay;tyfwJh &otrsKd;tpm;eJY cHpm;rI
twuf t us uG m jcm;oG m ;wmyg/
bloggers awG a&;om;wJh taMumif;
t&mawG[m rsKd;pHk&Sdaeygw,f/ wcsKdU
awGu uav;awGtwGuf &nf&G,fjyD;
[moeJY umwGe;f awG? wcsKdUawGuawmh

usef;rma&;eJY owif;awGyg/ trsm;qHk;

a&;om;wwfMuwmuawmh enf;ynmeJY
ywfoufwJh owif;awG rsm;ygw,f/
tJ ' D v d k a&;om;aewJ h a e&mrS m
(qdkcsifwmu) "Everyone" twGuf
&nf&G,fjyD; a&;om;Mu&wmrsKd;qdkawmh
vlwdkif;[m oifh blog udk 0ifMunfhrSm

usvmygr,f/ tJ'DxJurS Use

video mixing renderer box rSm
&SdwJh "user overlays' &JU a&SUrSm
&SdwJh trSefjcpfudk jzKwfypfvdkufyg/
(f) jyD;&if OK ESdyfyg/ jyD;&if tjyif

ygyJ/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm rvdkvm;tyfwJh

blogspam awG jzpf r vmEd k i f a tmif
udk,fh blog &JU owif;awGudk 0ifMunfh
r,fh olawGtwGufa&m? blog a&;om;
wJh vlawGtwGufa&m udk,fh&JU blog rSm
]razmfjyxm;oihfwJh} pnf;urf; 10 csuf
&Sdygw,f/
1/ emrnftjynfhtpHk?
2/ ol i ,f c sif ; ? om;orD ; ? ud k , f h
rdom;pkeJY pD;yGm;a&; vkyfudkifzuf
awG&JU emrnftjynfhtpHk?
3/ b,frSm tvkyfvkyfovJ?
4/ b,frSm aexdkifovJ?
5/ w,fvzD ek ;f eJY vufuikd zf ek ;f eHygwf
awG?
6/ ta&;MuD;wJh tD;ar;vfvdyfpm?
7/ tem*wfvkyfief;pOf?
8/ Hk;XmetwGif;u "mwfyHkeJY tcsuf
tvufawG?
9/ um;eJY um;vdik pf ifeyH gwf ponf...
10/ c&D ; oG m ;vuf r S w f (Ed k i f i H u l ;
vufrSwfuJhodkY ... )

box rSm 'apply' ESdyfyg/

(g) tckcsdefupjyD; media player 11
eJY print screen zrf;vdkY &ygjyD/

"Sync" pwJh tool wdi

k ;f rSm "More
options" yg0ifygw,f/
(c) 'More Options' udk click ESdyfyg/
'Options' box usvmygr,f /
'performance tab' udk a&G;yg/
(d) advanced udk click ESdyfyg/
(e) video Acceleration setting'

{jyD? 2008

83

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
xm;wJh zdik w
f pfcu
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6. Windows

toHk;0ifwJh short-cuts key rsm;

Short-cuts key awG qdkwmu
c&D;vrf;aMumif; wpfcu
k kd twdq
k ;kH ae&m
uae ajraMumIHUjyD; vkdwJhae&ma&muf
atmif oGm;EdkifzdkY zefwD;xm;wJh jzwf
vrf;enf;awGygyJ/
tJ'v
D kd jzwfvrf;awGeYJ oGm;wJt
h cg
rSm wpfcgwavrSm jzwfvrf;awG[m
trsKd;pHk? trnfpHk &Sdaewmudk awGU&yg
vdrrfh ,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 'All programs'
vkyfief;pOf box udk zGihfzdkYtwGuf 'start'
udk click ESdyf&ygw,f/
jzwf v rf ; enf ; taeeJ Y uawmh
'mouse' udi
k zf Ykd rvdb
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87

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macworld.com/2757.
Photoshop CS3 Extended
macworld.com/2758.
InDesign CS3
macworld.com/2761.
Illustrator CS3
macworld.com/2760.
Acrobat 8 Professional
macworld.com/2460.
Bridge CS3
macworld.com/2759.
InCopy CS3
macworld.com/2762.
Version Cue CS3
macworld.com/2767.

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97

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{jyD? 2008 101

REVIEW

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{jyD? 2008 103

REVIEW
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(REVIEW)

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(REVIEW)

{jyD? 2008 129

(REVIEW)

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{jyD? 2008 131

(REVIEW)

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(REVIEW)
TC1 Tiger Claw Attack Drone

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B 2, R 3
Myanmar Info-Tech Park
Hlaing Campus, Hlaing Tsp
Yangon, Myanmar
(+95) 1 652264 ext:15
www.yomatechnologies.com

The Best Opportunity for You!

Are you:

Interested in Computer Programming?

Good at Mathematics and English?
A logical thinker?
Energetic, motivated, and enthusiastic to learn?
Do you have problem-solving ability?
Commitment to continuous improvement?

Knowledge of Java and J2EE is an advantage but not necessary

What we offer:

On the Job training up to international standard in Java.

A chance to work on projects from abroad.
English lessons.
Top salaries once training completed.
Profit share.
Only applicants who are prepared to sign a contract for 3 years should apply.

{jyD? 2008 133

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ay;csifay;Ekid w
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qef;opf prf;oyfMunfhyg/ enf;pepft& &Sif;vGef;ayr,fh
&v'fuawmh xl;jcm;ygw,f/ The end justify the means
qdkwJh qdkdk; pum;twdkif;ygyJ/

{jyD? 2008 135

Word Annoyance

pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&m Word jyem

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rdrdukd,fwkdif a&G;cs,frItwkdif;jzpfap&ef Auto Correct

rS tvdktavsmuf zefwD;ay;rIudk jyefvnfwm;jrpf ydwfyif
rI jyKvkyfHkom &Sdonf/ ydkjyD; jrefjrefqefqef jzpfapvkdygu
Ctrl + Z ukd ESdyf,lyg/ odkYr[kwf Edit rSwpfqifh Undo udk
oGm;jyD; rvkdvm;aom ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk wm;qD;Edkifonf/
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of table cells' udv
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onf Word 2000 wGif ryg&Sday/)
tu,f vdktyfvQif 'Capitalize names of days' udk
yif uncheck trSwftom; jyay;&ygrnf/
'Replace text as you type' xnhfoGif;csufrsm; pm&if;
udk scan vkyf,lum rdrd roHk;vdkaom acronyms ESifh entries rsm;udk delete vkyfay;&rnf/

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Copyright Symbols

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AutoCorrect Entries

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jzpfaomfvnf; aemufuGefysLwmtopfwGif r&Sdao;ojzifh
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Annoyance
Document xJudk (a) (b) ESifh (d) rsm; dkufonfhtcg
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copyright symbol tjzpf word rS ajymif;vJypfwwfonf/

136

Fix

Fix

vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEkdifonfh enf;vrf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
&Sdygonf/ Word taejzifh rdr\
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ESpfckwGif odrf;qnf;xm;avh &Sdonf/

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folder twGif; &Sdaeapygvdrhfrnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh C:\
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Save My Settings Wizard udv

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(tcef; 1wGif uGeyf sLwmwpfcrk S tjcm;uGeyf sLwm ajymif;

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vuf

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tjcm; jzpfEkdifp&m enf;vrf;rSm rdrdtvdk&Sd odrf;xm;vdk

aom AutoCorrect entries rsm;udk extracts vkyfxm;
onfh macro wpfck zefwD;,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tao;pdwf
vkyif ef;pOfukd tcef; (8)wGif 'Export Your AutoCorrect
Entries' jzifh jrifawGUMu&ygvdrhfrnf/

{jyD? 2008 137

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
rsm;ESifh pyg,f&S,f Characters rsm; xnhf

Symbols

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Annoyance
Insert rSwpfqifh Symbol udk xnhf&mwGif character
set awG ajymif;oGm;jyD; scroll rsm;vkyf&? click rsm; vkyf&ESifh
tvkyfIyfaeygonf/ Symbol dialog box udk jzwfjyD; special characters rsm;udk tvG,fulqHk;enf;vrf;jzifh jznhfoGif;

,lvkdygonf/
Fix

vkyfenf;vkyf[ef oHk;av;rsKd; &Sdygonf/

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standalone symbols rsm;twGuf entries rsm; Auto
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entries rsm;udkvnf; vkdtyfvQif xyfjznhfEkdifygonf/
Insert udk oGm;jyD; Symbol udk ac:um symbol udka&G;
yg/ AutoCorrect button udk click vkyfjyD; Replace
box twGi;f entry udk du
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nTe;f

Word rS rdrd\ AutoCorrect entries rsm;udk todtrSwf

jyKay;Ekdifa&;twGuf entry wpfckqDtMum; space wpfck
odkYr[kwf punctuation character wpfckckudk wpfck xnhf

oGif;jyD;wkdif; wpfckck &Sdaeap&ygvdrhfrnf/ wpfenf;qkd

&aomf 'y' udk '' tjzpf AutoCorrect u ajymif;vJae
aomfvnf; 'xxa' udk '' tjzpf ajymif;ay;Ekdifvdrhfrnf
r[kwfay/ if;tpm; rSefrSefuefuef pmvHk;&&Sda&;twGuf
AutoCorrect entry wpfck zefwD;,l&onf/ odkYtwGuf
xkd accent rygonfh pmkdufoGif;aomtcg AutoCorrect
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Word \ AutoFormat As You Type feature rS em

dashes wkdY en dashes wdkYESifh common fractions wkdY
uJhodkYaom type symbols rsm;udk rMumcPqkdovdk
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138

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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vkdufonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 1/2 rS 1/2 jzpfvmjyD; 3/4 rS
3
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symbols rsm;twGuf built-in keyboard shortcuts
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twGif; vkyfaqmif,l&onf/
Word 2003 ESifh Word XP wdkY&Sd Symbol dialog box
onf ''Recently used symbols'' [lonfh pm&if;wpfck
xm;ay;onf/ if;wdkYtxJwGif rdrd toHk;jyKcJhjyD;aom
symbols 16 ckudk xm;&Sday;ojzifh if;wdkYtxJrS vkdtyf
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jyKEkdifapygonf/

Hard Space

wpfck xnhfoGif;jcif;

Annoyance
Departed vnf;jzpf? Late lamented vnf; jzpfjyD;
highly dedicated word processor onf hard space
wpfckudk xnhf,lcGifh&SdcJhonf/ Jose (hard space) Public
[k dkufcJhvQif Jose ESifh Public onf wuGJwjym; cGJrxkwfap
ay/ xko
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Fix
Word onf

tqkdyg feature udk vkyfudkifay;ygonf/

okdYaomf xkdodkY vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufjcif;udk 'nonbreaking'
spaces [k ac:qkd oHk;pGJcJhonf/ (Nonbreaking space udk

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
dkuf&ef Ctrl+Shift+ Spacebar wkdYudk wGJdkuf,l&ygonf/
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rS Symbol odkY oGm;jyD; Special Characters tab udk click
vkyfjyD; Nonbreaking Space item udk &Sm,lEkdifygonf/

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aponf/
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bar wGif check jyKvkyaf y;&onf/) Space onf dots taeeJY
ay:xGufvmonf/ Nonbreaking space onf 'D*&DtrSwf
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Figure 3-9

pmvH;k ESpv
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'Dvdk trSwftom; jyKay;xm;onfukd awGU&rnf/

acwfpm;vmOD;rnfh c&D;aqmif y&ifwmav;rsm;

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jzpfvmonf/ odkY&mwGif "mwfyHkrsm;udk csufcsif;
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printer udk rdwfqufxkwfvkyfxm;onf/ uifr&mESifh
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colour t&nftaoG; "mwfyHkom;udk xkwfay;Edkifonf/
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BJC-80, BJC-85 Portable printer rsm;uvnf;
4_6 vufrt&G,f "mwfyHkrsm;udk xkwfay;Edkif
pOf;pm;zG,fjzpfaeonf/

qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/

{jyD? 2008 139

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (3)

tqifh (1)
aemufcH kyyf zkH iG jhf yD; Type tool (T) eJY vd&k m
pmom; du
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d
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space ESdyf tjzLa&mifeJY jznfhyg/

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texture

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tqifh (2)

Filters > Blur > Gaussian Blur eJY blur

tenf;i,f ay;yg/ Ctrl + D ESdyf selection

teufa&mifjznfhyg/

jzKwfyg/

vdkygr,f/

140

tqifh (4)

Layers palette u create a new layer

button udk ESdyfjyD; Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/
(odkYr[kwf Shift + Ctrl + N) D udk ESdyfjyD;
Alt+Backspace ESdyf Layer 1 (topf)udk

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tqifh (5)
oifh&JUkyfyHkudk aemufjyefoHk;zdkY psd zdkiftaeeJY oD;jcm;
wpfck save as eJY As a Copy odrf;yg/ Oyrm- (glass.psd)

tqifh (6)
tay:qHk; Layer rSm rsufpdrSdwfjyD; cPazsmufxm;yg/
Background Layer udk Ctrl + J ESdyfjyD; yGm;yg/ Text layer
&JU txufrSm xm;yg/

tqifh (8)
atmufu Text Layer eJY tay:u background copy
tMum; jcm;xm;wJh rsOf;tay: Alt + Click ESdyf clipping
group zGJUyg/

tqifh (7)
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default setting awGtwdkif;yJ OK udk uvpfESdyfyg/ ay:vm
wJh Open/Save dialogbox rSm glass.psd a&G;zGifhvdkufyg/

{jyD? 2008 141

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (9)
atmufu pmom; text layer rSm Bevel and Emboss
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Layer Move tool eJY vdk&m a&TUEkdifygw,f/

tqifh (10)
Shadow ay;csif

ay;Ekdifw,f/

tqifh (11)
Displaced Layer &JU blending mode udk screen odkY

ajymif;yg/

142

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

0if;'dk;Apfpwm ed'gef;
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA
tydkif; (2) tcef; (8)
Getting Online and in Touch
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{jyD? 2008 143

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ta[mif;rsm;udk import vkyfxm;jyD; jzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/
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Screen udk IjrifEkdifonf/ rdrd e-mail udk columns ESpfckcGJ

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cvkwfjzpfonf/

rl&if;ae&modkY

tifwmeuftwGif; vSnhfvnfMunhfI&if; vuf&SdMunhfIaeaom Page

rsm;udk ausmfjzwf rl&if;ae&m browser qDodkY jyefoGm;Ekdifaponhf
cvkwfjzpfonf/

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onf RSS (Really Simple Syndication) cGifhjyKxm;onfjzpfaMumif;
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udk yHkEdSyfay;ygvdrfhrnf/ ab;rS jrm;ao;ao;av;jzifh preview
rsm;tygt0if printing options rsm;udkvnf; &,lEkdifao;onf/

Page

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options onf Internet Explorer \ menu tjynfht0udk

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vkyfcGifh&Ekdifonf jzpfonf/

{jyD? 2008 145

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
jyoay;xm;onf/ Folder bufjcrf;onf b,fb,fjcrf;jzpf
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kd f kH
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146

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Exactly What do I need to send and receive e-mail ?
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Fig: 8-2
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web support udk ac:qkd vnf;aumif; server \
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148

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Service

E-Mail Incoming
Outgoing
Type
Mail Server Mail Server

Google Gmail

POP3

pop.gmail.
com

smtp.gmail.
com

America Onlie
(AOL)

IMAP

imap.aol.
com

smtp.aol.
com

Yahoo!

POP3

pop.mail.
yahoo

smtp.mail.
yahoo

tu,f internet provider rS oD;jcm; requests jyKvkyf

cJhvQifom Secure Password box wGif ppfaq;MunhfI
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tqifh (6)ck jyD;pD;oGm;onfw

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2/ Properties udk a&G;jyD; Servers tab udk click vkyfum
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3/ My Server Requires Authentication check box udk
click vkyf Apply udk ESdyfay;vkduf&onf/
4/ Advanced tab udk ESdyf&rnf/
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udk vkyf&ef vdktyfygonf/

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{jyD? 2008 149

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Effect 11: Using Video Effects

to Animate Adobe Illustrator Type and Graphics
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150

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13/ titletype file udk video 3 track ESifh Graphic file udk
video 2 track xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;ay;yg/

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udk zGifhay;yg/ Effect Window xJrS Stylize folder
udkzGifh Strobe Light Video Effect udk video 3 track
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{jyD? 2008 151

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
17/ Timeline xJrS video 2 track &Sd graphic.ai wGif click
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152

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{jyD? 2008 169

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (6)
6.3 USING THE AWT COMPONENTS, FLOWLAYOUT ILLUSTRATE
FlowLayout eJY ywfoufwhJ oifcef;pmudk Java Swing
Components awGtaMumif;udk oifMum;ydkYcspOfrSm oifMum;
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Layout Managers
A Layout Manager is an object that is responsible
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170

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(4), Index 4.2 rSm

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FlowLayout Class
- A FlowLayout Layout manager positions the components so they flow from left to right and from
top to button.
- When the right corner is reached, the next component is placed on left border of the next row.
- When the container is resized, the next component are re-laid out according to the same
guidelines.
- FlowLayout is default Layout manager for the
Panel and Applet Class.
- FlowLayout( )Constructor :
Public FlowLayout ( );
Public FlowLayout (int Alignment);
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Listing6.3 Using the AWT Components, Flow
Layout Illustrate
1 . import java.awt.*;
2 . import java.awt.event.*;
3 . public class AWTFlowLayout
Frame {

extends

4 . public AWTFlowLayout(){
5 . setTitle ("Mixed the FlowLayoutManager
and Button");
6 . setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.
CENTER));
7 . For(int i=0; i<10;++i)
8 . { add (new Button("button" + i));}
9 . addWindowListener(newWinClosing());
10. SetBounds (300, 300, 350, 150);
11. SetResizable (true);}
12. public static void main (String args
[])
13. { AWT FlowLayout awtfl=new AWTFlowLayout
( );}
14. }
15. class winClosing extends windowAdapter
{
16. public void windowClosing (windowEvent
we)
17. { System.exit(0);}
18. }

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import
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import
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{jyD? 2008 171

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
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oufjyD;awmhrS Sample program wpfcu
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Figure 6.8 Compile & Run of the

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Figure 6.7 Write the program Code_Line in the
Notepad, AWTFlowLayout.java

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ykdYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

{jyD? 2008 173

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
6.3.1 Demonstrating FlowLayout alignments
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6.4 udk avhvmvkdufygOD;/
Listing 6.4 Demonstrating FlowLayout
alignments
1 . import java.awt.*;
2 . import java.awt.event.*;
3 . import javax.swing.*;
4.
5 . public Class FlowLayoutDemo extends
JFrames{
6.
private JButton Left,center, right;
7.
private Container c ;
8.
private FlowLayout Layout;
9.
10. public FlowLayoutDemo ( )
11. {
12. super ("FlowLayout Demo");
13.
14. Layout = new FlowLayout ( ) ;
15.
16. c = getContentPane ( );
17. c.SetLayout (Layout);
18.
19. Left = new JButton ("Left");
20. Left.add ActionLinstener (
21. new ActionListener( ) {
22. Public Void actionPerFormed (Action
Event e)
23. {
24. Layout.SetAlignment (FlowLayout.LEFT);
25.
26. // re-align attached components
27. Layout.LayoutContainer (c);
28.
}
29. }
30. ) ;
31. c.add (Left);
32.
33. center = new JButton ("Center");
34. center.addActionListener (
35. new ActionListener ( ) {
36. public Void actionPerformed (Action
e)
37.
{
38. L a y o u t . S e t A l i g n m e n t ( F l o w L a y o u t .
CENTER);
39.

174

uGefysLwm*sme,f

40.
//re-align attached components
41.
Layout.LayoutContainer (c);
42.
}
43. }
44. ) ;
45. C.add (center);
46.
47. right=new JButton ("Right");
48. right.addActionListener (
49. new ActionListener ( ){
50. Public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
51. {
52. L a y o u t . S e t A l i g n m e n t
(FlowLayout.RIGHT);
53.
54. //re-alignment attached components
55. Layout.LayoutContainer (c);
56.
}
57. }
58. ) ;
59. c.add (right);
60.
61. SetSize (300,75);
62. Show ( );
63. }
64.
65. Public Static Void main (String args
[ ])
66. {
67. FlowLayoutDemo app=new FlowLayoutDemo
( );
68.
69. app.addWindowListener {
70. new WindowAdapter ( ){
71. Public Void WindowClosing (WindowEvent
e)
72. {
73.
74.
System.exit(0);
75.
}
76. }
77. ) ;
78. }
79. }

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1234567890123456
1234567890123456
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Figure 6.10 Write the program code_line in the

Notepad FlowLayoutDemo.java

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KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

{jyD? 2008 175