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17

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18

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S o f t w a r e

vuf&dS OS awGukd Windows 7 eJY


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20

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atmufwb
kd mv? 2008

21

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f

H a r d w a r e

Intel

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22

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H a r d w a r e

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Natural Ergonomic Keyboard
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38

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CPU

Two Intel core 2 Exterme QX9775s

Memory

8 GB Corsair FB-DIMM
Coosair Dominator Fan

Power Supply

PC Power and Cooling Turbo Cool 1200

Motherboard

Intel D5400XS

Cooling

Black Ice Pro2 Xflow Radiator


Danger Den Reservoir
D012V-D5 Pump
Feser One UV-Reactive Coolant
Two D-TEK FuZion v2 CPU Blocks
Two Enermax Everest Fans

Videocards

Two ATI Radeon 4870X2s

Soundcard

Creative Labs Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium

Optical drive

LG Super Multi Blue GBW-H20L

Speakers

Axion Audio Audiobyte

Storage

Two Western Digital Velociraptions


Three Samsung HD 103U

Case

Blackbird 002

Chroming

Smoked Nicket Plating

OS

Window Vista Ultimate x64 Edition


Windows XP Professional

Keyboard

Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000

Mouse

Logitech G5 Res 2

Display

Gateway XHD3000

Total

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NEWPRODUCTS
Panasonic Toughbook CF-U1

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performance box vkdY ac:a0:

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40

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IdeaCentre K210

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Lenovo u yxrqHk; IdeaCentre K 210 qdkwJh desktop udk
wifydkYay;vdkufwm jzpfw,f/ Intel Core 2 Quad processor wdkY?
Blu-ray/ HD-DVD comboo drive wdkYudk pdwfMudKuf awmif;qkd
cGifh&Sdovdk integrated graphic taetxm;jzpfap? ATI Radeon
2600 XT discrete graphic taetxm;eJYjzpfap awmif;qkdcGifh
ay;xm;w,f/ Built-in facial recognition technology
xnhfxm;ay;jyD; antimicrobial uD;bkwfwpfckvnf;
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; xnfhay;rSm jzpfw,f/
a&G;cs,frItay: rlwnfjyD;
aps;EIef;u 379 a':vmu
pwif &SdaerSmjzpfw,f/
pdwful;eJYqEudk
aps;EIef;csKdcsKdomomeJY
jznhfqnf;ay;r,fh
yHkpHjzpfw,f/

atmufwkdbm? 2008

41

NEW PRODUCTS
Asus EAH4850 graphics

tv,ftvwfwef;pm; graphics
card awGxJrSm performance
tjrifhqHk; &&SdEkdifwJh graphics card
vdkY qkd&ygvdrhfr,f/ aps;EIef;u 199
a':vmyJ owfrSwfxm;wmrdkY ATI
Radeon HD 4850 cards trsKd;
tpm;&JU aps;EIef;xuf0ufom&SdjyD;
nVidia GeForce GTX 280 xuf
enf;enf; ydkrsm;aew,f/ 'gayr,fh
orm;dk;us obm0 system awG
ay:rSm taumif;qHk;*drf;awGudk
pwifupm;EdkifapwJh pGrf;aqmif&nf
ay;ygw,f/ vufr 30 armfeDwm
tqifhtxdawmh jynfh0wJh settings
awG ay;Ekdifvdrhfrnfr[kwfay/
'gayr,fh Direct X 10.1 udk ydkifydkif
EdkifEkdif yHHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifw,f/
Power Connector ESpfckrvkdbJ
wpfckwnf;yJ vdktyfw,f/ uyfvsuf
&SdwJh slot awGudk vHk;0taESmifht,Suf
rjzpfapbl;/ DVI- to- HDMI
adapter ygw,f/ Dual Link DVI
ports ESpfcku High-Bandwidth
Digital Content Protection
(HDCP) twGuf tqifoifh jzpfae
apygw,f/ S-Video eJY component
- video output udk yHhydk; aqmif&Guf
ay;EkdifwJh analog video port wpfck

ygw,f/ tvkyfvkyfaecsdefrSm tvGef


jidrfoufw,f? tm;enf;csufuawmh
rsm;rsm;tvkyfvkyf&if ylvmw,f/
Single - slot cooler eJYom oHk;&if
awmh Ekdifeif;rSm r[kwfay/

42

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Western Digital Velociraptor


300 GB yrmPavmufeJYyJ auseyfr,fqkd&ifawmh
tvGef jrefqefwJh desktop oHk; hard drive udk
0,fr,fqkd&if Western Digital Velociraptor udk
om oHk;awmhvdkY ajym&ygvdrhfr,f/ Velocirapton
u 10,000 rpm EIef;xm;eJY vkyfudkifay;w,f/
2 'or 5 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh hard drive jzpfjyD; lce PAK vkdYac:wJh
pyg,f&S,f tvsLrDeD,H heat sink eJYtwl standard PC hard drive cage
xJrSm xnhfoGif;xm;wmjzpfw,f/ 'DZkdif;tm;enf;csufwpfckuawmh SATA
connectors awGudk ,lepf&JUtv,favmufrSm wyfqiffxm;wmjzpfw,f/
aemuftm;enf;csuf &Sdygao;w,f/ aps;EIef;MuD;jrifhvSw,f/ Hotswappable rjzpfay/ SATA II interface wpfckeJYtwl data transfer rates
u wpfpuefYrSm 3 gigabits txd aqmif&Gufay;Edkifw,f/ (300 megabytes
per second ) olYxufydkjrifhwJh 'burst' rate udkvnf; cGifhjyKay;xm;w,f/

tvGefw&m jrefqefw,f? jidrfoufw,f? at;aeapw,f/ xkdufxdkufwefwef


capacity vnf;&Sdw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 299 a':vmjzpfw,f/

Canon Pixma MX7600


Canon ukrPDu 399 a':vmeJY
all-in-one inket udk &Edkifovdk avqm
t&nftaoG;&SdwJh text rsKd;? photo t&nf

taoG;jynhf "mwfyHkawGudk xkwf,lEdkifcGifh&apzdkY Pixma MX7600 udk


xkwfvkyfa&mif;csay;vdkufwmvdkY qkd&ygvdrhfr,f/ MX7600 taeeJY scan
vkyfief;? copy vkyfief;?fax vkyfief;awGtjyif autoduplexing pGrf;aqmif
&nfeJY y&ifhvkyfief;udk aqmif&Gufay;EkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ ,lepf&JU a&SUydkif;rSm
multiformat memory - card reader wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ wpfckcsif; y&ifh
vkyfief;aqmif&Gufay;Edkifovdk network eJY csdwfqufjyD; toHk;jyKcGifhvnf;
ay;xm;w,f/ PictBridge USB ports vnf; rsufESmpmwGif&SdaejyD;
uifr&mawGu wkdufdkufjzpfjzpf? removable USB drives av;awGu
wpfqifhjzpfjzpf vkyfukdif aqmif&GufcGifhvnf;&Sdw,f/ 1 'or 8 vufr
LCD t&G,f display av;eJY rdrdvkyfief;pOfawGudk ppfaq;MunhfIEdkifw,f/
"mwfyHkawG text awG a&maESmyg0ifvmwJh 10rsufESmyg document twGuf
1 rdepf 46 puefYyJMumw,f/ 4_6 vufrt&G,ftpm; "mwfyHkudk
38 puefYeJY xkwfvkyfay;jyD; 8_10 vufrt&G,ftpm; "mwfyHkudk
1 rdepf 30 puefYeJY xkwfay;w,f/

NEW PRODUCTS
View Sonic VP2250wb

22 vufr t&G,ftpm;udk pro image quality awG ay;Ekdifayr,fh 559 a':vm


avmufeJY &Edkifr,fh tcGifhtvrf;udk View Sonic VP 2250 wb u ay;xm;ygw,f/
b,fvkd beauty contests rsKd;rqdk tEdkif&rSmygvdkY ajymEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ xl;jcm;
jcm;em;csufwpfcku tjrifhtedrfh csdefndEkdifjyD; rsufESmrl&mudk MudKufovdk csdefwG,f
,lEdkifovdk vSnhfjcif;? apmif;jcif; ESpfoufovdk xm;&SdEdkifr,fh flexible stand
wyfqif yg&SdvmwmyJjzpfw,f/ Native resolution u 1680 x 1050 &Sdw,f/
ViewSonic &JU tqdkt& NTSC gamut &JU 106 &mckdifEIef;txd &&Sdapw,fvdkY od&
w,f/ .28 millimeters &JU pixel pitch wpfck yg&SdjyD; response time u 2ms eJY
pGrf;aqmifEkdifjyD; tvif;tm;u wpfrDwm pwk&ef;rSm 300 candelas tm; &Sdw,f/
Contrast ratio u 1000:1 jzpfw,f/ 1080p resolution tjynfhtxd udkifwG,f
aqmif&GufEkdifjcif;r&Sdovdk HDMI tquftoG,fvnf; ay;rxm;ay/ *&yfzpf
'DZdkif;vkyfief; vkyfolawGtwGufawmh tjynhft0 jznfhqnf; aqmif&Gufay;Edkifyg
vdrhfr,f/ kyf&SifawG Munhfr,fqkd&ifvnf; pdwfMudKufjzpfapEdkifygw,f/

Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo Wheel

jydKifum;rSm wyfqifxm;wJhtwkdif; wnfaqmufxm;wmrdkY


um;jydKifyGJ*drf;udk upm;r,fqkd&if wu,fhjydKifum;udk
udk,fwkdifarmif;ESifaewJh cHpm;rIrsKd;udk &oGm;apEkdifzdkY
Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo Wheel u aqmifMuOf;
ay;Edkifygw,f/ Windows PC *drf;awGeJY Play Station 3
*drf;awGudkawmh upm;EdkifrSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dvkdaqmhupm;wJh
ae&mrSm MudK;rJhpepfeJY csdwfquf aqmif&GufapwmjzpfwJh
twGuf upm;olawG taESmifht,Sufuif;uif;eJY vkyfudkif
aqmif&GufoGm;Edkifapw,f/ uGefysLwmrSmjzpfjzpf? PS 3 rSm
yJjzpfjzpf? USB dongle av;udk wyfqifxm;jyD; upm;&wm
jzpfw,f/ Controller udk pm;yGJrSm nyfjzifh wyfqif,l&
w,f/ armfawmfum;armif;ESifwhJtcg toHk;jyK&wJh vufudkif
bD;? *D,m? b&dwf? uvyfeJY vDAm tm;vHk;yg0ifw,f/
*D,majcmufcsuftxd wkd;jrifhjyD; armif;EdkifwJhtjyif
aemufqkwfwJh*D,mvnf; ygygw,f/ owfrSwf
a&mif;cswJhaps;u a':vm 350 jzpfw,f/ tm;enf;csuf
taeeJY aps;EIef;MuD;wmyJ
ajymp&m&Sdw,fqkday
r,fh ajceif;awGu
yvwfpwpfeJY vkyf
xm;wmrdkY wpfrsKd;
wpfrnf cHpm;&apEdkifw,f/

44

uGefysLwm*sme,f

K9N2 SLI
Platinum/
K9N2 Zilent
MSI rS

aemufqHk;xkwf motherboard wpfck jzpfw,f/


vG,fvG,f&Sif;&Sif; ajym&r,fqdk&if Phenom CPU
awGtwGuf txl; &nfnTef;xkwfcJhwmvkdY ajymEdkifygvdrhf
r,f/ AM2+ Socket udk toHk;jyKxm;w,f/ AM2 +
CPU twGuf FSB/ hyper transport bus taeeJY
5200 MT/S EIef;xm;eJY yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;rSmjzpfjyD;
AM2 CPU twGuf 2000/1600 MT/S EIef;xm;eJY yHhydk;
aqmif&Gufay;ygvdrhfr,f/ DDR2 memory udkyJ cGifhjyK
xm;ygw,f/ Memory yrmP 8GB txd cGifhjyKEkdif
w,f/ PCI - Ex16 ESpfckeJY toifhtaetxm; &Sdaeapyg
w,f/ LAN twGuf 10/100/1000*1 udk cGifhjyKxm;
ay;w,f/ USP ports ESpfckeJY audio parts awGudk
a&SUrsufESmpmukd vG,fvifwul wyfqif toHk;jyKEdkifzdkY
tqifhqifh pDpOfay;xm;jyD; aemufbufrSmvnf; USB
ports av;ck? audio ajcmufck? 1394 optional twGuf
wpfck? eSATA twGuf ESpfck? DVI wpfckwkdYudk toHk;jyK
Edkifw,f/ Case twGuf ATX form factor yJ
cGifhjyKay;xm;ygw,f/

NEW PRODUCTS
Xerox Phaser 3250 / DN
Xerox Phaser 3250 / DN uawmh
monochrome laser printer wpfvHk;

jzpfjyD; tvGefjrefqefrI &Sdapw,f?


expandable vnf; &Edkifw,f/
Feature awGuvnf; aumif;vSyg
w,f/ Wired networking twGuf
cGifhjyKxm;ay;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cs
wJhaps;EIef;u 349 a':vmvdkY owf
rSwfxm;ayr,fh non-networked
version udkrl 279 a':vmeJY a&mif;cs
ygw,f/ 26 aygifomav;wmrdkY
Phaser 3250 u ayghw,fvkdY qkd&rSm
jzpfw,f/ Xerox u package eJYtwl
USB cable udk toifhxnhfay;vkduf
rSm jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh Ethernet
cable wpfckrQ rxnhfay;vdkufovdk
Wi-Fi qufoG,frIvnf; r&Edkifyg/
y&ifhxkwfMunfhwJhtcg pmrsufESm 30
xGufwmrdkY pmrsufESm 10 rsufESm&SdjyD;
charts awG? photo awGeJY text awG
ygwJh document wpfckudk 24 puefY
eJY jyD;pD;oGm;Edkifw,f/ plain text
oufoufeJY pmrsufESm 20 &SdwJh
document udk y&ifhxkwfcJhygu 44
puefYyJ Mumygvdrhfr,f/ Standard
toner cartridge udk toHk;jyKwJhtcg
pmwpfrsufESmtwGuf 2 'or 5
qifhyJ usoifhw,f/ wu,fvdkY 128
MB RAM xyfjrifhjyD; pm&Gufa& 250
qHhwJh paper tray udkvnf; xyfxnhf
r,fqkd&ifawmh xyfjyD; wefzkd;wuf
vmEdkifygvdrhfr,f/

46

uGefysLwm*sme,f

LaCie 324
Professional awG&JU dream monitor wpfrsKd;vdkY
qdkEdkifygw,f/ aeYpOfawGUjrifae&wJh consumer
monitor awGrSm rMuHKzl;wJh aps;EIef;eJY a&mif;cswm
rdkY tjypfqkdzG,f&m &SdEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;
aps;u a':vm 1000jzpfw,f/ t&G,ftpm; 24 vufr
&SdjyD; native resolution 1920 x 1200 &Sdw,f/ 1080 p tjynhf&SdwJh Blu-ray
playback awGudk aumif;rGef crf;em;pGm wifqufay;EdkifjyD; High-Bandwidth
Content Protection (HDCP) twGuf vkdufavsmnDaxG vkyfaqmifay;Edkifw,f/
Response time u 6 ms &SdwmrdkY toHk;jyKoltwGuf vufcHavmufwJh tajctae
&Sdw,f/ Viewing angle u 178 'D*&Dtxd cGifhjyKay;xm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tvm;
wl t&G,ftpm;&SdwJh armfeDwmawGxJrSm wpfrlxl;jcm;aeapw,f/ LaCie 324 rSm
built- in Faroudja DCDi processor wpfckygwmrdkY video playback t&nf
taoG;udk ydkrdkjrifhwifay;Edkifwm jzpfw,f/ Color transitions wGufcsufwJhae&mrSm
standard 8-bit armfeDwmawGxuf ESpfq &&SdoGm;Edkifw,f/

HP TouchSmart IQ506
Touch Revolution awmh

paeygjyD/ Touch technology


eJYywfoufjyD; ESpftawmfMum Labs awGxJrSmyJ&SdcJhygw,f/
'gayr,fh Apple u iPhone udk pwifrdwfqufay;
vkdufcsdefupjyD; vufawGUavmuxJudk xdxd rdrd
0ifa&mufvmwmvkdYqkd&ygvdrhfr,f/ pm;yGJ
ay:rSmjzpfjzpf? {nfhcef;rSmjzpfjzpf 'Denf;ynmudk toHk;cs
EkdifapzkdY HP u vdkif;opfxGifjyD; TouchSmart all-in-one PCs
awG xkwfvkyfvmcJhw,f/ tcktcg Touch Smart IQ 506 ukd toHk;jyKol vufxJ
1499 a':vmeJY xnhfay;zdkY MudK;pm;vdkufjyefw,f/ tjyifyef;taeeJY teufa&mif
udkawmufawmufajymifajymif zefqif;ay;xm;w,f/ Ultra-glossy trsKd;tpm;
22 vufrt&G,f LCD display eJY wefqmqifxm;wmrdkY uGefysLwm obm0tjyif
wDAGDtpm;xkd; taetxm;rsKd;eJYvnf; toHk;csEkdifw,f/ 2.16 GHz Core 2 Duo
T7400 processor wyfqifxm;jyD; 4GB-DDR2 RAM eJY integrated nVidia
GeForce 9300 M GS graphics eJY tm;jznhfay;xm;w,f/ okdrSD;yrmPtwGuf
500 GB txd &,lEdkifw,f/ Optical drive taeeJY DVD RW drive yg&Sdw,f/
wDADGtpm;xkd;tjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifapzdkY TV tuner wpfckudkvnf; xnhfay;xm;w,f/
vnfywfpepftwGuf Windows Vista Home Premium (64 bit) udk xnhfay;xm;
jyD; rmvfwDrD'D,m pGrf;aqmif&nfawG vkyfudkifapzdkY jznhfqnf; aqmif&Gufay;xm;
w,f/ rmvfwDrD'D,mtwGuf [mh'f0Jaqmhzf0JawG vHkvHkavmufavmuf yg&SdjyD;
tHhMop&maumif;avmufwJh touch experience udk &&SdEdkifapygw,f/ IQ 506
twGuf tm;enf;csufuawmh Blu-ray option ryg&SdwmyJjzpfw,f/ 'DtwGuf HD
potential udk uefYowfvkdufovdk jzpfoGm;apw,f/ Intergrated graphics udk
toHk;jyKxm;wmaMumifh 3D games awGtwGuf tiftm;csnfheJYovdk&Sdae&w,f/

NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON


Toshiba Satellite L310 - N 403 notebook

Toshiba Satellite M 300-N400 notebook


Mercury silver ta&mifudk,fxnfeJYa&m Crinsen Red

ta&mifeJYyg vSvSyy'DZdkif;eJY awGUjrif&w,f/ wpfukd,fa&


entertainment twGuf toHk;csEkdifovdk REGZA - Link
udk toHk;csjyD; TV eJYvnf; qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEdkifzdkY
HDML tqifh yg&Sdvmygw,f/ FM tuner udkvnf;
bulit-in wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ vHkjcHKa&;pepftwGuf
Smart Face udk toHk;jyKxm;ay;w,f/ 14 'or 1
vufrt&G,f WXGA clearSuperView TFT display
av;uvnf; cefYcefYxnfxnf &Sdaeygw,f/ Intel Core 2
Duo T 5750 processor udk wyfqifxm;jyD; 1GB DDR
RAM wdkY? Intel GM 965 graphic wdkYeJYtwl 160 GB
hard drive udkvnf; wyfqifxm;w,f/ MudK;rJhqufoG,f
pepftwGuf WiFi 802.11 g udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 56 K Fax/
Modem wpfck 10/100 Ethernet LAN wpfckvnf; toifh
wyfqifay;vdkufygw,f/ Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toifh
oHk;Edkifygw,f/ tydkaqmif;tjzpf webcam wdkY? card
reader wdkYudkvnf; jznfhqnf;ay;xm;ygw,f/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;u 13 odef;0ef;usif &Sdygw,f/(tvkd&Sdygu
Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygw,f/)

48

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmeJY vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEdkifp&mudpt
00udk
aqmif&GufEdkifjyD; usyfaiG 7 odef;avmufeJY 0,f,l
&&SdEdkifr,fh notebook tvdk&SdcJhygu Toshiba Satellite
L310 - N 403 udkom 0,f,lygawmhvdkY nTef;qdk&rSm
jzpfw,f/ Intel celeron M 550 2.0 GHZ processor
eJYtwl 512 MB DDR RAM eJY Intel GL960 graphics
wdkYudk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ 120 GB yrmP&SdwJh SATA
hard drive udk zHk;xm;jyD; optical drive tjzpf DVD RW
super yg&Sdygw,f/ Drive awGtwGuf shock absorber
wyfqifay;xm;wmrdkY awmfHkwefHk wkefcgrIawGudk
cHEkdif&nf&Sdapw,f/ 14 vufr t&G,f WXGA LCD
display eJY 1.3 MP webcam wdkY yg&SdvmwJhtjyif
Toshiba &JU xl;jcm;wJh Smart Face vHkjcHKa&;pepfudk
toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;ygw,f/ MudK;rJh qufoG,frItwGuf
WiFi 802.11g udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 10/100 Ethernet LAN eJY
56 K fax/modem wdkYvnf; toifh yg&Sdvmygw,f/
Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toHk;jyKcGifh ay;xm;w,f/
(tvkd&Sdygu Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l
&&SdEdkifygw,f/)

NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON

MSI MEGA PR200 notebook


Professional series twGuf vSvSyy aMumhaMumh&Sif;&Sif;'DZdkif;eJY xkwfvkyfvkdufwJh notebook
jzpfw,f/ 'Red dot' design award vnf; &&Sdxm;w,f/ MSI xkwfypnf;jzpfwJhtavsmuf ,HkMunf

pdwfcs&rItjynhfeJY &SdaeapjyD; aps;EIef;uvnf; oifhavsmfwJhtqifh &Sdw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh


wefzdk;u 820 a':vm jzpfygw,f/ Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile 1.83 GHz T5550 processor udk
oHk;xm;w,f/ Intel i965GM + ICH8 - M chipset yg0ifw,f/ DDR2 - RAM 2GB eJY Intel GMA
3100 graphic wdkYudk yl;wGJ aqmif&Gufapw,f/ SATA hard drive160GB yrmPyg&SdjyD; DVD
SuperMulti drive udkvnf; jznhfqnf;ay;xm;ygw,f/ TFT WXGA + ACV display trsKd;tpm;
12 vufrt&G,fudk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ qufoG,f aqmif&GufrIawGtwGuf 56 K Fax/ Modem wdkY?
10/100/1000 Mbps LAN wdkY? 802.11 b/g WLAN wkdY? Bluetooth wdkYudk yHhydk;aqmif&GufEkdifjyD; Card
Reader wpfck? 1.3 Mp webcamera wpfckwdkYeJY Fingerprint system wpfck xnhfay;xm;wm
awGU&w,f/ HDML output wyfay;xm;jyD; built-in Digital TV receiver udkawmh
option taeeJY &Edkifygw,f/ (tvkd&Sdygu Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifwGif
0,f,lEdkif&ef toifh&Sdaeygw,f/)

MSI MEGA VR420 notebook


MSI ukrPDu MEGA VR 420 udk bwf*suform;awGtwGuf
Value serices tjzpf xkwfvkyfay;vdkufwm jzpfw,f/

pGrf;aqmif&nfeJY pwkdifudk rQrQww 'DZdkif;jyKxm;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u


655 a':vm jzpfygw,f/ Intel Pentium Dual Core Mobile 1.60 GHz T2330 processor
wyfqifxm;jyD; 1 GB - DDR2 RAM wkdY? Intel GMAX 3100 grpahics wdkYeJY
120 GB SATA hard drive wdkYeJY yl;wGJ vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEkdifzdkY pDpOfxm;wJhtjyif DVD SuperMulti drive udk
optical twGuf jznfhqnf;ay;xm;wm awGU&w,f/ 14 'or 1 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh WXGA LCD display av;
wyfqifxm;jyD; display &JU abmifxdyfrSm 1.3 MP webcam av; yg&Sdw,f/ Card reader 4 in 1 udkvnf;
wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ qufoG,fa&;twGuf 56KFax/Modem wkdY 10/100/1000 Mbps LAN eJY 802.11 bg WLAN
wdkYvnf; jznhfqnf;ay;xm;w,f/ toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf Ergonie yHkpHjyKxm;wJh full-sized uD;bkwfuvnf;
tqifajyajy toHk;jyKEkdifapw,f/ udk,fxnft&G,ftpm;u 332 _ 240 _ 26 'or 5 uDvdkrDwm&SdjyD;
2 'or 2 uDvkdyJ av;wmrdkY tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;zdkY tqiftajyqHk; jzpfaeapw,f/
(tvdk&Sdygu Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygw,f/)

atmufwkdbm? 2008

49

uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

uReaf wmfEiS hf ypn;f topftqef;rsm;


odrYk [kwf
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atmufwb
kd m 2008

51

PROCESSOR-ORIENTED

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atmufwb
kd m? 2008

53

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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PROCESSOR-ORIENTED

atmufwb
kd m? 2008

55

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
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56

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tMum;rSm tifrwef yg;vTm
wJ h avxk M um;cH v T m av;
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Platter csyjf ym;0di
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jyifay:rSm oHvdkuf "mwf
wkHYjyef owd&SdwJh trIefYawG
udk tvTmyg;tjzpf okwf
vdrf;xm;w,f/ oHvdkufrIef
uav;awG&JU OD;wnf ae&m
,lyHkudk vdkufjyD; (0) eJY (1)
data awG jzpf v mw,f /
tcsuftvuf a&;oGif;wm
udk write data vdYk ac:w,f/
'Dvdk vkyfzdkY head coil xJrSm

vQyfpD;aMumif;pD;apjcif;jzifh
rsufEmS jyifay:u oHvu
kd rf eI f
awG[m vdk&mbufudk OD;
wnf ae&m,l M uw,f /
aemufq;kH ay: drives awGrmS
awmh data a&;zwf & mrS m
aemuf q H k ; ay: enf ; ynm
wpfrsKd;jzpfwhJ giant magnetoresistance

(GMR)

oHk;xm;wmaMumifh oHvdkuf
ckcHrIefuav;awGudk quantam level tmHkcHcGJjcm;vm
Edkifw,f/ tmHkcH &&SdvmwJh
tcsufjyawGudk pGrf;tm; csJU
jyD; drive electronics qD
ay;ydkY trSm;jyifjyD;&if data
awGudk PC-usable format
tjzpf ajymif;vJay;&w,f/
Platter rsufESmjyifrSm
rS w f Pf a wG rS w f o m;zd k Y

ae&mtuGuf u
kd w
f mudk format vkyfw,fvdkY ac:w,f/
A[dw
k l puf0ikd ;f yHpk v
H rf;aMumif;
tuGufuav;awG tracks
vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D track
vrf;aMumif;ay:rSm tuGuf
pd w f u av; wpf c k c sif ; ud k
sectors
vdkY ac:w,f/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh track segment yJaygh/ tJ'Dvdk formatting cswkef; OS pepfu
owfrSwf em;vnfwJh sectors taetxm;udk clusters
vdkY ac:w,f/ a&;
zwfacgif;&JU {&d,m usOf;
usOf; tvkyfvkyfEdkifrItay:
rlwnfjyD; segment t&G,f
tpm;ao;r,f / Sectors
t&G,ftpm;ao;wJhtwGuf
cluster t&G,ftpm;vnf;
ao;r,f / 'gqd k drive
rsufESmjyifrSm rSwfPfawG
ydkrdk 0ifqHhr,f/ Platter A[dk
csufem; uyfvsufae&mudk
awmh Landing area vdYk
ac:w,f/ Head &yfem;&m
ae&maygh/ Actuator arm
vuf w H [ m acwf a [mif ;
"mwfjym;zGipfh ufvufwaH wGeYJ
wlw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DvufwH
udk xdef;ausmif;armif;ESif
ae&ma&TUay;rIu drive rS
wyfqifxm;wJh firmware
ac:wJh ydk*&rf twdkuav;
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w,f/ Drive taeeJY write
or read order &vm&if
vuf w H [ m vd y f p myg
tracks vrf;aMumif;ay:udk
a&muf&SdjyD; wnfxm;w,f/
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wpfckudk track ay:u


ra&; &ao;wJh ae&mvGwf
&SmazGjyD; pwif a&;r,f/
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wpfc[
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aemufxyf ae&mvGwfwpfck
udk &SmazGjyD; qufvuf a&;
om;oGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
tJ'D file [m ae&mrsKd;pHkrSm
jyefYusJ wnf&Sdaer,f/ tJ'D
vdkae&mpHk jyefYMuJ wnf&Sdae
wmudk fragments vdkY ac:
w,f/ tJ'D file udk jyefvnf
&SmazGzwfEikd zf Ykd disk &JU catalogs file ae&mrSm directory
table qdkwJh vdyfpmtTef;
wpfck jyKpkxm;zdkYvdkw,f/
wu,fvdkY read command
0if v m&if a wmh drive u
tJ'D vdyfpmudkt&if&SmazGjyD;
vufwHudk vdk&m track vrf;
aMumif;ay: a&TUay;jyD; vdk&m
ae&mu pzwfoGm;apw,f/
vdyfpmtay: rlwnfjyD;
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azG zwfI&wJhtwGuf wpfcg
wpfcg aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI
awG &S d w ,f / 'gaMumif h
buffer ac:wJ h rS w f Pf
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w,f / 0if v mwJ h tcsuf
tvufeYJxu
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f mG ;wJh tcsuf
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Mum;cHu wpfqihf tqihf
qihf jynfhpHkjyD; wpfwGJwnf;
jzpfjyDqdkrS ydkYvTwfw,f/ rSwf
Pf uGe;f axmufpcef;aygh/
file

OPTICAL DRIVE
1980 jynfEh pS f 0ef;usiu
f CD player Mu;D awG[m
t&G,t
f pm;Mu;D rm;jy;D "mwfjym;vnf; a&G;w,f/
'DaeYacwf optical drivesawGuawmh
vmorQ"mwfjym;tm;vk;H tay:rmS
a&;zwfvyk af y;Ekid pf rG ;f &Sv
d mw,f/
'DaeYacwfay: DVD
burner awG rSm DVD burn
zdkY avqmwpfrsKd;udk oHk;jyD;
CDs burn zdkY aemufxyf
avqmwpfrsKd;udk oHk;w,f/
Laser sled
[m
sliding rails
ac:wJ h
avQmvrf;ay:rSm &Sw
d ,f/ a&SU
wdk;aemufiif a&GUvsm;atmif
motor u armif;ESifay;
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vsm;rI [ m disc hub
"mwfjym;vSnhftHk puf0dkif;
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twd k i f ; a&G U vsm;w,f /
avqma&mifjcnfukd avqm
'dkiftkwftae xkwfvkyfay;
jyD; Lens rSefbDvl;u
pkqHkay;w,f/ Read and
write twGuf vdktyfr,fh
avqmjyif;tm;udk vdkovdk
twdk;tavQmh vkyfEdkifatmif
pDrHxm;w,f/ aw;oHoGif;
qdkifawGu jzefYcsdwJh rmpwm
acGvYkd ajymajymaeMuwJh rlv
CDs udk commercial pressed CD-Rom dics vdkY ac:

w,f / tvG e f r mausmwJ h


poly carbonate yvwf
pwpfjym;ay:rSm tcsKdihf&m
uav;awG yHkzd,lxm;wm/
tJ'D tcsKdihf&m uav;awGudk
pits vdkY ac:w,f/ pits
&Sdjcif; r&Sdjcif;tay: rlwnf
jyD; 1 eJY 0 bits wefzdk;awG
jzpfvmw,f/ DVD "mwf
jym;ay:u pits uav;awG&UJ
t&G,t
f pm;[m CDs ay:u
pits t&G,t
f pm;xuf trsm;
MuD; ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
DVD "mwfjym;[m tcsuf
tvuf 0ifqHhrIyrmP MuD;
rm;w,f/ tJ'D pits xGif;
xm;wJh polycarbonate csyf
jym;ay:rSm reflective material ac:wJh a&mifjyef
tvTmwpfck xif&w,f/ tJ'D
a&mifjyefvTmudk tvsLrDeD
,rf? aiGeJY a&T oHk;rsKd;pyfxm;
wJh owKpyfeJY jyKvkyfavh &Sd
w,f/ tJ'Dtay:urS protective coating ac:wJh
xdcdkufcH tumvTm wyfqif
&w,f/ tJ'Dtay:rSm label

atmufwb
kd mv 2008

97

surface

ac:wJh tay:,H
rsufESmjyif &Sdr,f/
"mwfjym;ay:rSm odrf;
qnf;xm;wJh tcsuftvuf
awG zwfIzdkY avqma&mif
jcnfudk ckywfacGyHkpHudk
oGm;&r,f/ Pits ac:wJh wGi;f
csKdihfxJ oGm;uswJh avqm
[m tay:wnf h w nf h o d k Y
tvif; rjyefEdkifbJ ab;bD
udk jyefYMuJuek w
f ,f/ vd&k mudk
ra&muf E d k i f a wmh b l ; aygh /
wu,f v d k Y a&mif j yef v T m
tkyfxm;wJh jyifnD (lands)
eJY xdawGU&ifawmh tay:
wnhfwnfh tvif;tmHkcH
ud&d,mqD tvif;jyefr,f/
tvif;jyefeJY tvif;rjyefwJh
taetxm;udkvdkufjyD; 0 eJY
1 wef z d k ; awG jzpf a y:vm
w,f/
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pressed CD-ROM tjyif
avqma&mifjcnfeYJ wdu
k f u
kd f
a&;Edkif? zsufEdkifwJh pD'D "mwf
jym;awGvnf; &Sdao;w,f/
tJ'D pD'cD syfukd optical drive
xJ xnfhvdkufpOf sirmwere
u dics type udk cGJjcm; od&Sd
vdkufw,f/ b,fvdk pD'Dcsyf
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media's parameter tcsuf
tvufawGudk cGJjcm; em;
vnfvdkufjyD; avqm 'dkif

98

tkwfuae
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acGyHkpH avqmeJY a&;xGif;
awmhw,f/ avqmtiftm;
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rSm&SdwJh pits awGudk yvwf
pwpf trmay:rSm xGi;f Edik rf mS
r[k w f b l ; / tJ ' gaMumih f
a&mifjyefvTm wpfckavmuf
cHjyD; tJ'Dtay:rSm tvif;
xdod wkHYjyefrI&SdwJh organic
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xdk;vdkuf&if xdk;rdwJh ae&m
[m tvif;ydwfvTm jzpfoGm;
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uGefysLwm*sme,f

phase
change
chemical layer ac:wJh

avqm tvif ; wef ; ud k


tvif; rjyefapEdkifawmhbJ
pits wG i f ; csKd i h f u av;awG
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CD-RW eJY DVD
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txyfxyf jyefa&; jyefzsuf
Edik af tmif vkyx
f m;w,f/ xl;
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layer tpm; mutable

avqm a&mifjcnfjyif;tm;
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wpfrsKd;rSm tvif;ydwftvTm
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jyif;tm; wpfrsKd;oHk;vdkuf&if
tvif;aygufvmT jyefjzpfomG ;
r,f/ a&;jyD;om;udk jyefzsuf
jyD; e*dktwdkif; jyefvkyfwJh
oabmyg/

CRT MONITOR
rjrif&wJh a&mifjcnf&,f? tDvufx&Geaf oewf&,f CRTawG[m
acwfuek w
f ,f xif&ayr,fh olrY mS tok;H yxm;wJh wcsKeUd nf;ynmawGuawmh
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tDvufx&Gef vQyfr trIef


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vQyfppfoHvdkufvIdif;xkwf
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w,f/ yHkazmf jyuGufay:rSm
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tpd r f ; uG u f ? tjymuG u f
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ajymifawmufawmuf yHkazmf
pufuav;awG okwfvdrf;
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ta&mifoHk;rsKd; yHkazmfpuf
tay:udkusa&mufwJh
tDvufx&Gef a&mif
jcnfjyif;tm; tenf;
trsm;ay: rlwnfjyD;
usefta&mif trsKd;
rsKd; pyf[yfjzpfay:
vmw,f/
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jyif [ m shadow
mask eJY operature grill qd k j yD ;
pepf ESpfrsKd;eJYvm
w,f/ yHpk t
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awG r S m RGB phosphor
awG[m eDjympdrf; tvSnfhus
pDxm;wJh tpufyHkpHeJY vmjyD;
aemufydkif; yHkpHawGrSm tpuf
yHkpH roHk;awmhbJ eDjympdrf;

atmufwb
kd mv 2008

99

vdkif;uav;awG tvSnhfus
pDxm;wJh RGB stripes yHkpH
eJYyJ vmygawmhw,f/ Shadow mask ac:wJh yHk&dyfcs
ZumoH k ; wJ h CRT awG r S m
yHkazmfyHkuawmh oihfyDpD uGef
ysLwmrSmwyfxm;wJh graphics adapter u ay;ydkYvmwJh
command awG monitor udk
a&muf v mwmeJ Y tD v uf
x&Gefaoewf oHk;vufu
tDvufx&Gefwef oHk;ckudk
xk w f v T w f a y;vd k u f w ,f /
tJ'gudk detlection yoke eJY
vdk&myJhxdef;jyD; azmhpzdwf
a&mifajymifatmif okwv
f rd ;f
xm;wJh yHkazmf rsufESmjyif
aemufuyfvsuf mask
yH k & d y f c sqef c g&J U tayguf
wpfcku 0ifa&mufjyD; ouf
qdkif&m a&mifajymif;awmuf
yHkazmfvdkif; wpfvdkif;pDudk us
a&mufapw,f/ Trinitrons
'grSr[kwf Diamondtrons
monitor awGrSmawmh yHk&dyfcs
qefcgtpm; wires MudK;awG
a'gifvdkuf pDxm;wJh Aperture-grill udk toHk;jyKxm;
w,f/ 0ifvmwJh tDvuf
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w,f/
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taetxm;tay:rlwnfjyD;
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udk triad wpfckodkYr[kwf
wpfcx
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100

tDvufx&Gef aoewf
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csufwdkif;rSm tDvufx&Gef
a&mifjcnf tjyif;taysmh uGm
jcm;rI &SdwJhtwGuf yHkazmf
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rsm;rsm;awmuf jzpfay:ap
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ay:xif[yfapw,f/
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wpfqufwpfpyfwnf; vIyf
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wpfpuefYtwGif; frame 60
uae 80 tMum; ypfcwfay;
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rate vdkY ac:w,f/
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eJY a'gifvu
kd f yHak zmfpuf ta&
twGuf 1280 x 1024 &SdwJh
Hi-det TV yHkazmfrsufESmjyif
udk wpfpueYf 75 frame (75
Hz refresh rate) eJY ypfcwf
yHkazmfr,fqdk&if wpfpuefY
qdkwJh tcsdeftwGif; pixel
aygif; oef; 100 udk udkif
wG,f ypfcwf&wJh oabmyJ/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

LCD MONITOR
Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD monitor

'grrS [kwf notebook uGeyf sLwm&JU ykaH zmf


jyuGu[
f m wu,fawmh tqifjh rifeh nf;ynmeJY
tqifh qifh xkyyf ;dk xm;wJh vTmcsyw
f pfcyk gy/J Liquid
crystal armfvu
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bufrSm tvif;jyefvTm&SdjyD;
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r[k w f back light
vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'D&JUa&SU
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tajrmif ; ajrmif ; awG y gwJ h
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vTmcsy&f UJ wpfcek YJwpfcu
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xnhaf y;vdu
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vuf xdk;azmuf jzwfoef;
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jzwfoef;Edkifjcif;aygh/ Liquid crystal armfvDusL;udk
vQyfppf enf;enf;oihf&if
tacGtacguf enf;enf;ajy
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acgufae&muae 60 'D*&D
avmufyJ acGacgufwmrsKd;
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vQyfppf enf;enf;ydkoihf&if
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aygh/ tJ'v
D kd vQyfppfoihaf pzdYk
Liquid crystal eJY 'kwd,
polarizing filter tMum;rSm
transister grid
ud k
cHay;xm;&w,f/ Transis-

ter grid &JU tvsm;vdkufeJY


a'gifvdkuf qHkrSwfwpfckrSm
&SdwJh x&efppwmwpfck[m
sub-pixel wpfcu
k kd ud,
k pf m;
jyKw,f/Sub-pixel wpfc[
k m
eDjympdrf; (RGB) tajccH
ta&mifxJu wpfckck jzpfEdkif
w,f / Sub-pixel oH k ; ck
aygif;&if pixel wpfck jzpf
vmr,f/ Sub-pixel wpfcu
k
jzwfxu
G v
f mwJh tjzLtvif;

wef ; ud k ta&mif p pf v T m
(color filter) wpfckxJ jzwf
oef ; apjcif ; jzif h teD od k Y
r[k w f tjym od k Y r[k w f
tpdrf; tvdk&Sd&m ta&mif
wpfa&mifujkd zpfay:apw,f/
eDjympdrf; tcsKd;us aygif;pyf
rIuae vdk&mta&mif pixel
wpfcjk zpfay:vmw,f/ LCD
yHak zmfrsuEf mS jyifwpfcrk mS tJ'D
vdk yHak zmf pixel ta&twGuf
oef;eJYcsD yg0ifavh&Sdw,f/

atmufwb
kd mv 2008 101

INKJET PRINTER
Inkjet printer wpfv;kH udk armif;ESir
f ,fh control into

awG[m yDpu
D eG yf sLwm&JU driver u
vmcsi&f ifvm? rvm&if printer rSm
wpfygwnf; yl;wGJ wyfqifxm;wJh onboard
electronics awGu vmw,f/

pu L wpf & G u f a y:rS m


yHkESdyfzdkY yxrqHk; paper
tray puLAef;xJu puL
wpf&u
G u
f kd roller u vSrd q
hf JG
,l j yD ; printhead/cartridge assembly a&SUudk
ydkYaqmifxnfhay;xm;vdkuf
w,f /
ud k sliding
rod avQmvrf;ay:rSm wyf
qifxm;w,f/ avQmvrf;
ay:rSm b,fa&TU nma&TU udp
twGuf printhead stepper motor eJY cg;ywf
MudK; belt wdkYu wpfqihf
vkyfaqmifay;w,f/ printhead
uav;awG [ m
tvGef tEkpw
d f ao;i,fwm
rdkY semiconductor xkwfwJh
etching process oHk; xkwf
vky,
f &l w,f/ wcsKUd printer
awGrSmawmh head eJY ink
cartridge
rif b l ; [m
wpfww
JG nf;jzpfw,f/ Head
rSm tvGefao;i,f tEkpdwf
wJh nozzles pufacgif;
uav;awG ygw,f/ Nozzle ta&twGuf[m wpf

104

'gZifuae axmif
eJYcsDvnf; &SdEdkifw,f/
ink chamber rifvTwf
cef;xJu rifawG&JU xGuf
aygufvnf; jzpfw,f/ rif
vT w f c ef ; xJ u rif a wG u d k
awmh cartridge xJu &,l
w,f/ Nozzle vTwfacgif;
wpfcku rIwfxkwfvdkufwJh
rifpufuav; wpfpuf&JU
t&G,ftpm;[m wpfvDwm
&JU tyHo
k ef;yHw
k pfyykH J &Sw
d ,f/
-12
(10 Liter) aygh/
Pump taeeJY 'Davmuf
ao;i,f v G e f ; wJ h t&G , f
tpm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifrSm
r[k w f b l ; / Epsons u
vGJ&ifusefwJh inkjet printer
awGrSm rifvTwfcef;t0rSm
tvGefao;i,fwJh resistor
uav;awG wyf q if
xm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk pulse
vQyfpD;wpfck jzwfpD;csdefrSm
rifvw
T cf ef;xJu rifawG[m
kwfjcnf; tylcsdef aqmihf
wufrIaMumifh 'Dvdk ao;i,f
wJ h droplet uav;awG

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tjzpf taiGUysw
H ,f/ taiGUysH
xkxnfy&G mu tvGeMf uD;rm;
wJ h zd t m;yg jzpf a y:vm
wJhtwGuf rifpufawG[m
nozzle acgif;t0u t&Sdef
t[kefjyif;pGm xdk;xGufjyD;
puLrsufESmjyifrSm usa&muf
pG J x if a pw,f / Epsons
inkjet printer rSmawmh tyl
ay;wJhenf;roHk;bJ vQyfppf
aMumifh t&m0wKwpfckrSm
jzpfay:vmwJh kef;jyef wif;
usH K Utm; piezoelectric
process oabmw&m;ud k
toH k ; jyKxm;w,f / Ink
chamber rifvTwfcef;xJrSm
xnfhxm;wJh crystal wpfrsKd;
tay: vQyfppf0ifapwJhtcg
kwjf cnf; zdweG ;f rI jzpfay:jyD;
rifawGudk t&Sdefjyif;pGm rIwf
vTwfrI jzpfay:apwm jzpf
w,f/ rifvw
T cf ef;rSm rifr&Sd

awmhbJ [moGm;&if capillary action t& riftopf


awG a&mufvmw,f/ Printhead udk b,fnm twef;
vdkuf a&GUvsm; rIwfvGwfap
jcif;jzihf yHk&dyfeJY pmom;awG
udk wpfvdkif;jyD; wpfvdkif;
yHkESdyf xif[yfvmapw,f/
Ink chamber rifvTwfcef;
uav;awGrSm tylay;? ypf
vTwf? tat;cHqdkwJh jzpfpOf
awG[m tMudrfrsm;pGm quf
wdkuf jzpfay:vnfywfae&
w,f/

LASER PRINTER
oifph m;yJcG aHk y:u ajEw
pfco
GJ m;eJY wdww
f w
d q
f w
d q
f w
d f [dwMf u;D [efMu;D
r&Sw
d hJ inkjet printer[m wu,fawmh lyaA'e,fy,f&UJ aemufq;Hk ay:
awG&Y cdS suaf wGudk ykid yf idk Ef idk Ef idk f tok;H csxm;w,f/
Laser printer awG[m
photocopier awG e J Y nD

tpfukd 0rf;uGJ awmfpyfw,f/


yDpu
D eG yf sLwmu ay;ydYk vmwJh
printing data awG[m controller circuitry
udk
0ifw,f/ tJ'DrSm printing
data awGudk translate vkyf
ay;w,f/ Raster image
processor (RIP) u image
eJY text awGudk virtual ma-

rsm;tjzpf ajymif;
vJay;w,f/
'DtxJrSm t"duusol
uawmh photo conducting
drum
ygyJ / pvif ' g
ay:rSm vQypf pf"mwf ouf0if
EdkifwJh tvTmwpfck tkyfxm;
w,f/ Chargingroller
uae tJ'Dqvif'gtay:
vQyfppftzdk"mwf odkYr[kwf
tr"mwf ouf0ifatmif vkyf
trix dots

ay;Edkifw,f/ wcsKdU printer


awGrSmawmh corona wire eJY
vQyfppf"mwf ouf0ifatmif
vk y f a y;w,f / Laser
vQyfacgif;uae jywfawmif;
jywfawmif; xkwv
f w
T af y;wJh
avqmtvif;wef;[m
routing mirror a&mif
jyefcsyfuae vQyfppf"mwf
ouf0ifaewJh drum rsufESm
jyiftay: tvsm;vdkuf nD

nmwJh vdkif;wpfwef; us
a&mufw,f/ avqmtvif;
wef; xdwJhae&mu vQyfppf
"mwf ysufjy,fwJh spots
av;rsm;tjzpf rsufESmjyif
ay: wif u sef & pf w ,f/
tvsm;vdkufwpfwef; jynfh
oGm;&if stepper motor u
aemufwpfwef;pm vSnfhay;
w,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ tvsm;vdkuf
xyf r H y pf o G m ;r,f / tJ ' D
avqm tvif;&m xifusef
&pfwhJ qvif'grsufEmS jyifu
tydkif;awG[m vQyfppf"mwf
ouf0ifaewJh aq;rifrIefY
(charged toner particles)
awG vl;uyfxm;wJh developer roller
eJY rsufESm

jyif ESpfzuftxdrSm vQyfppf


ouf0ifaewJh rifaq;rIeYfawG
[m drum &JU vQyfppf"mwf
ysuf y s,f a ewJ h avqm
tvif;xd ae&mawGudk 0if
a&muf wG,fuyfMuw,f/
rifrIefYawG wG,fuyfvdkY jzpf
vmwJh yH&k yd ef YJ pmom;awG[m
yHkESdyfyvdyfjym;rSm ajymif;jyef
ay:aewJo
h abmw&m;twdik ;f
ygyJ/ Toner hopper [m
tonner cartridge rifbl;&JU
tpd w f t yd k i f ; wpf c k y gyJ /
tJ'Duae developer roller
qDudk rifrIefYawG a&muf&Sd
vl;uyf&wm jzpf w,f/
Belt or roller assembly
uae paper
tray puLAef;xJu puL

wpf&Gufudk vSdrfhjyD; qGJ,lay;


r,f/ Transfer roller or
charging wire u tJ'D
0ifvmwJh puLudk drum

atmufwb
kd mv 2008 105

ay:rS m uyf a ewJ h toner


rif r I e f Y eJ Y qef Y usif b uf
vQyfppf"mwf ouf0ifatmif
vkyfay;w,f/ 'Dvdkenf;tm;
jzifh drum ay: wG,fuyfae
wJ h rif r I e f Y awG [ m pu L
tay: ajymif;vJ wG,fuyf
oG m ;ygw,f / Cleaning
blade u drum ay:u
rvdkawmhbJ uyfusefaewJh
rifrIefYawGudk &Sif;vif; z,f
&S m ;ay;w,f / tJ ' gqd k & if
aemufxyf 'Dvdk vkyfief;pzdkY
tqifoifh &Sif;vif;jyD;om;
jzpfoGm;jyD/
Toner rifrIefYawG vQyf
ppftm;eJY uyfaewJh puL[m
tylay; wvdrhfwHk; fuser
eJY wvdrhfwHk; pressaure
roller awGukd jzwfoef;tjyD;
rSmawmh tyl"mwfu toner
riftrIefYawGudk t&nfaysmf
jyD; puLrsufESmjyifrSm pGJxif
uyfapw,f/ jyD; wvdrhfwHk;
eJY zdvdkufwJhtcg csyfcsyf
&yf&yf pJGjrJoGm;w,f/
Color Laser a&mifpHk
avqm yH k E S d y f p uf a wG r S m
vnf; 'Doabmw&m;twdik ;f
vkyfaqmifw,f/ 'gayr,fh
pu L taeeJ Y ta&mif u G J
color toner wpfcp
k D wyfqif
xm;wJh drum av;ckukd quf
wdkuf jzwfoef;oGm;&r,f/
wcsKdU color laser awGu
awmh puLay: yHk&dyfMum;cH
intermediate belt wpfck
tay: color layer awG
t&ifprf;jyD;rS puLtay:udk
ul;,l yHkESdyfw,f/

106

Wi-Fi okrYd [kwf

MudK;rJhtifwmeuf uGef&uf
Laptop wpfv;Hk ukd oGm;av&m ,l oGm;jy;D MuKd ;rJeh nf;eJY tifwmeuf uGef &ufxJ

0ifa&muf csw
d q
f ufEidk w
f ,f qdw
k m enf;enf;awmh obm0 vGeu
f jJ y;D
pdwu
f ;l ,OfrqefveG ;f ayzl;vm;/ 'gay r,fh 'Denf;ynmu wu,ft
h jyifrmS
tok;H yaeygjy/D
tifwmeufuGef&ufxJ
0ifa&muf csdwfquf&mrSm
net eJY csdwfqufol tMum;
Mum;cHaygif;ul; csdwfquf
ay;wJh t0iftxGuf ae&m
av;awGukd Wi-Fi hotspot
vkdYac:w,f/ wpfenf;tm;
jzifh access point (AP)vkdY
ac:wmaygh/ rSmawGY&rSm
uawmh AP built-in yg&SdwJh
router wpfckwyfjyD; MudK;rJh
Wi-Fi hotspot wpf c k
wnfaqmufxm;vkYd &w,f/
'grSr[kwfvnf; LAN uGef
&ufxJu wjcm;wpfa,muf
a,muf&JU hotspot ukd xyf
qifh Mum;cH xkwfvTifhay;wJh
router tjzpfvnf; okH;vkdY&
w,f/ AP wpfck&JU wm0ef
[m a&'D,v
kd idI ;f awGudk xkwf
vT i f h zrf ; ,l E k d i f & r,f /
Walkie-Talkie vk d a ygh /
Filber quf a Mumif ; xJ u
a&mufvmwJh data awGudk
rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; a&'D,kd
tcsufjy (radio signel)
tjzpf ul;ajymif; xkwfvTifh

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ay;w,f/ 'Dvkd ul;ajymif;


xkwfvTifh&mrSm a&'D,kd Mudrf
EIef; 2 rsKd;ukd tokH;yavh
&Sw
d ,f/ 2.4 GHz (802.11 b/
g Wi-Fi standard) eJY 5 GHz
(802.11a hardware) qkdjyD;
ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ 'DMudrfEIef;
ESpfckpvkH;[m tar&duefrSm
vkdifpif,lp&mrvkdwJh Mudrf
EIef;uGufawGygyJ/ AP u
xkwv
f iT w
hf hJ a&'D,dk tcsujf y
rSm jyxm;wJh
awGrSm
twk d i f ; beacon signal
uav;awG Mum;nyf yg&Sd
w,f / 'g[m network

indentification ac:wJ h
oufqkdif&m data ukd cJGjcm;

pDppfa&G;cs,fEkdifzkdYeJY vkdif;
0if E k d i f z k d Y wjcm;vk d tyf w J h
taxmuftxm;awG yl;wJG
xnfo
h iG ;f ay;vku
d w
f o
hJ abm
yJ/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh 'gukd
service Set Indentifier
(SSID) vkdY ac:w,f/
rSm jyxm;wmuawmh Wi-Fi
enabled laptop or desktop ac:wJh MudK;rJh a&'D,kd
enf ; ynmeJ Y Wi-Fi puf

taMumif;xJ 0ifcsdwfEkdifr,fh
taxmuftxm;eJY a&'D,kd

vIdif; xkwfvTifhpdppf,lEkdif
r,fh chipset awG pkpnf;
xm;wJh card wpfck xnhaf y;
xm;w,f/ Wi-Fi card tae
eJY Wi-Fi hotsopt wpfckem;
eD ; uyf v mcsd e f r S m tJ ' D [ m
xkwfvTifhwJh a&'D,kdvIdif;
tcsufjywcsKdUukd erlem zrf;
,lMunfhjyD; tJ'D hotspot
[m oleJY csdwfqufvkdU &r&
okyfcJGMunfhw,f/ wu,f
vkdY csdwfqufvkdY &Ekdifw,f
qkd&if tuGmta0;ay: vkduf
jyD; rdr&d UJ xkwv
f iT rhf I tiftm;
signal strength ukd vkdovkd
csden
f jd yD; twiftcs vkyaf y;
Ek d i f w ,f / 'D v k d w pf z uf e J Y
wpfzuf csw
d q
f ufEidk zf Ydk aoG;
wkd;prf;ywmukd authentification vkdY ac:w,f/ vG,f
vG,fjrifomatmif Oyrm
ay;&&ifawmh wpfzufeYJ wpf
zuf tjyeftvSef ppfaq;ae
Muwmaygh/ pdwfwkdif;usjyD?
tkad ujyDq&dk if tcsut
f vuf
ydkYvTwfrI (data transmission) pvk y f w ,f / 'D v k d
tcsuftvufawG zvS,f
xkwfvTwf&mrSm rqkdifwJh

Mum;u Mum;jzwf axmuf


vSrf;vkdY r&atmif oauFw
0S u f p epf (encryption)
ok H ; zk d Y v k d w ,f / trsm;qk H ;
tokH;yavh&SdwJhpepf 2 cku
awmh Wired Equivalent
Privacy (WEP) eJY olYxuf
ykdpdwfcs&wJh Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) yg
yJ/ AP eJY olYukd vSrf;csdwf?
ol Y &J U laptop Mum;rS m
oauFw0SufazmfzkdY deerypt
key wpfckukd MudKwif owf
rSwfjyD; udk,frDvufukdify
xm;Muw,f/ AP wpfckukd
awGU&mMuHK&m Wi-Fi enabled laptop wkdif;u wHcg;
r&Sd "m;r&Sd vSrf;csdwfvkdY&wm
r[kwfbl;/ tJ'D laptop okdY
r[kwf desktop rSm toif;
0ifuwf oabmrsKd;jzpfwJh
Media Access Control
(MAC) address vdyfpm&Sd
ygrS router u vSrf;csdwfrI

ukv
d ufcaH qmif&u
G af y;r,f/
'gaMumifh network ay:rSm
&SdorQ devices wkdif;[m
hotsopt wpfck okdYr[kwf

tjcm;wpfckrSm csdwfqufEkdif
zk d Y tJ ' D MAC address
vd y f p m&S d x m;zk d Y vk d w ,f /
Wireless router awGtaeeJY
vnf; tJ'D vdyfpm&Sdxm;wJh
pm&if ; 0if o l u k d o mvQif
vufcHcsdwfqufay;ygvdrfh
r,f/ wu,fvkdY csdwfquf
ol taeeJY AP eJY tvSrf;a0;
wmeJ YtrQ ES p f z uf tMum;
tcsuf t vuf a y;yk d Y EI e f ;
data transfer rates [m
usqif;wJhobm0&Sdw,f/
wjcm; a&'D,kdMudrfEIef;awGeJY
xyfvkdYjzpfap? a&'D,kd xkwf
vTihf ay;ykYd &m Mum;rSm twm;
tqD; tcktcHawG&Sdae&if
vIdif;tm;us tcsuftvuf
aysmufqkH;rIawG jzpfay:vm
aMumifh aysmufomG ;wJh tykid ;f
awGukd tMudrfMudrf jyefvnf
xkwfvTifhay;ae&wmaMumifh
tcsdef MuefYMumrIawG jzpf
vmjyD; tcsuftvuf a&;rI
EIef; usqif;oGm;&avh &Sd
w,f/ 802. 11b standard
rSm wpfpueYf tcsuftvuf
trsm;qHk; vJTajymif;EkdifpGrf;
[m 11 Mbps jzpf j yD ;
802.11g eJY 802.11a standard awGrSmawmh 54 Mbps
yrmPtxd wkd;jrifhay;ykdYEkdif
atmif pDpOfxm;w,f/ tck
aemufqkH;ay: hardware
awGrmS awmh multiple input,

STATS

yDpDay:rS AD'D,dk
Munfh o
I l &mcdik Ef eI ;f

uGeyf sLwm(yDp)D jzifh ky&f iS ?f


AD',
D ?kd 'DA'GD D ? wDAt
GD pDtpOfEiS hf
vIy&f mS ;rIzikd rf sm; Munfh o
I l
&mcdik Ef eI ;f

uGeyf sLwm(yDp)D jzifh


wpfvvQif 6 Murd x
f uf ydk
AD',
D kd Munfh o
I l &mcdik Ef eI ;f

wDAGcD sw
d q
f ufrI
r&Sad omaMumifh tGev
f ikd ;f
ay:ro
S m AD',
D kd Munfh o
I l
&mcdik Ef eI ;f

multiple output (MIMO)


technology xnf h o G i f ;

wnfaqmufxm;wmaMumifh
wpf ydief uf xkwv
f iT v
hf ufcH
zrf;,lrI &meJYcsDukd vufcH
aqmif&u
G Ef idk pf rG ;f &Sv
d mw,f/

rdom;pkEiS t
hf wl r[kwb
f J
uGeyf sLwm (yDp)D toH;k jyK
AD',
D kd Munfh o
I El eI ;f

atmufwb
kd mv 2008 107

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

13. Browser

wD;ay;wJh oabmyJ jzpfwJhtwGuf firefox &JU (Ctrl+N)


command eJY qifwlygw,f/

Google Chrome &JU vQKd 0U u


S cf suf 30

pufwifbmvtwGif;rSm google uae web browser


wpfcu
k kd pwifrw
d q
f ufay;cJyh gw,f/ 'chrome' vdYk trnf&wJh
tJ'D browser &JU vQKdU0Suf csuf uav;rsm;udk azmfjyvdkuf&yg
w,f/
1/'Chrome' xJrSm zGihfxm;wJh pmrsufESmwpfckudk desktop eJY
start menu ay:udk ac:wifjyD; shortcut wpfcktaeeJY
zefwD;Edkifygw,f/ udk,ftoHk;rsm;wJh web pmrsufESmwpfck
(Oyrm tm;jzifh Gmail qdyk gawmh) t&ifq;kH zGijfh yD; tvG,f
wuleJYyJ pm&GufyHk options rSm &SdwJh 'creat application
shortcuts' button udk uvpfESdyfvdkufHkygyJ/

2/ Ctrl eJY Shift key awGukd zdxm;jyD; tu&m 'N' udk ESyd v
f u
kd f
r,f qd&k ifawmh (incognito) qdw
k hJ window wpfcu
k kd zefw;D
ay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m Windows topfwpfckudk zef

108

uGefysLwm*sme,f

3/Alt eJY home button udk wGJzufjyD; ESdyfcJhr,fqdk&ifawmh


google chrome &JU rl&if; home page udk jyefa&muf
oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D homepage rSm user wpfa,muf
toHk;rsm;wJh pmrsufESmawGudk 'thumbnail' pDpOf ay;xm;
wmudk awGU&ygr,f/
4/'Ctrl eJY T' udk wGzJ ufEydS &f ifawmh 'new tab' udk ac:qdak y;rSm
jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvYkd Tab wpfcu
k kd drag qGcJ sr,f qd&k if
window topfwpfcktaeeJY zGihfvSpfay;ygvdrhfr,f/
5/"icongnito window'
topf w pf c k taeeJ Y
home page ay:rS m
tumbnail icon awGudk
Right Click ES d y f j yD ;
zG i h f v S p f v d k Y v J &Ed k i f y g
w,f/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
6/'Ctrl, Shift eJY T' wdYkukd wGzJ uf ESyd v
f u
kd &f ifawmh t&ifwpfcg
oHk;pGJoGm;jyD; ydwfoGm;cJh wJh tab awGudk jyefacgif;aqmif
zGihfvSpfay;rSm jzpfygw,f/ rD;ysufvdkYyJjzpfjzpf? kwfw&uf
'save' rvkyv
f u
kd rf w
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http://www.userscripts.org/scripts/show/2419

http://www.userscripts.org/scripts/show/16839

Gmail insert HTML signature

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pdkufvdkY uGJjym;&ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
DFD udk aqmufr,hftpm; Analysts
[m interaction diagrams eJY statecharts awG wnfaqmuf&r,f/ Object-oriented csOf;uyfenf;twGuf
yHkwltMudK prototyping jyKvkyfrI yrm
PeJY tqihfuawmh uGmjcm;Edkifw,f/
'gayr,fh b,fcsO;f uyfenf;twGurf qdk
prototyping vk y f a qmif z G , f & m[m
SDLC &JU wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfygw,f/
yHkrSm structured csOf;uyfenf;eJY

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
object-oriented csOf;uyfenf;ESpfck
pvHk;twGuf requirements diagrams
udk jyKvkyfay;wJh trsKd;rsKd;aom diagrams awG jyef azmfjyay;xm;yg
w,f/ ERD eJY class diagram [m rwl
wJh trSwftom; notation oHk;ayr,fh

azmfjyzdkY&m oHk;wJh diagrams odkYr[kwf


models awG tawmfMuD; uGmjcm;Muwm
ygyJ/ ,ck use cases, interaction
diagrams eJY state chart awG b,fvdk
wnfaqmuf&r,fqdkwm quf avh
vmMuygpdkY/

bHw
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l aD om oabmt,lawG a0rQ ydik f
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t"du jcm;em;csuf process 'grSr[kwf
system activities awG udk,fpm;jyK

An Object-Oriented Use Case/


Scenario View
Event wpfckudk wHkYjyef&if; sys-

azmufonfu w,fvzD ek ;f jzifh trSm yvkyo


f nf scenario

tem u vkyfaqmifwmudk object-oriented csOf;uyfenf;rSm use case qdkwJh

tac:ta0:eJY oHk;w,f/ &nf&G,f&m


udp& yfwpfcktwGuf system udk toHk;
jyKwJh udp case odkYr[kwf tajctae
situation udk use case wpfcktjzpf
awG;MunfhEdkifw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pmpD
pmjyK word processing system wpfck
udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ if;udk use case
analysis vkyf&mrSm letter wpfapmif
a&;onf/ odkYr[kwf newsletter udk
y&ifhxkwfonf ponfuJhodkY trsKd;rsKd;
aom use cases awG owfrSwf azmf
xkwf&ygw,f/ 'D analysis rSm ta&;
MuD;wJh concepts ESpfck yg&Sdw,f/ (1)
vlyk*dK vfwpfOD; yg0ifjcif;? (2) vlyk*dK vf
u system udk toH;k jyKjcif;jzpfygw,f/
UML rSm yg0ifwJh vlyk*dKvfudk actor
vdkY ac:w,f/ Actor [m system &JU
tvdt
k avsmufvyk af qmifrI abmifuv
em; automation boundary &JU tjyif
bufrSmyJ tjrJ&Sdw,f/ Actor udk awG;
MunhfzdkY&m tjcm;enf;u yg0if&wJh
tcef; role jzpfw,f/ Word Processing OyrmrSm tufaq;wpfyk'fa&;zdkY
word processor oHk;wJh student actor wpfO;D &SE
d ikd w
f ,f/ aqmif;yg;wpfy'k f
udk wnf;jzwfzdkY word processor udk
oH;k wJh editor actor vnf; &SEd ikd yf gw,f/
vlyk*dKvfwpfOD;wnf;u roles rsm;pGmrS
yg0ifEdkifw,f/ Student, editor, publisher ponfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm
taeeJY RMO &JU create new order
use case rSm ta&mif;udk,fpm;vS,fxH
azmufonfu zke;f eJYwpfqihrf mS Mum;wm
yg0ifEdkifw,f/ tJ'Dtcg sales representative u actor jzpfw,f/ tjcm;
wpfzufrSm azmufonfu tifwmeuf
ay:u wdkufdkuf atmf'grSmwmqdk&if
customer u actor jzpfvmygw,f/
yHkrSm use case wpfckudk rSwfwrf;

atmufwb
dk m? 2008 121

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tions" awG ygEdkifw,f/ xdkwpfqihfcsif;

azmufonfu 0ufbt
f rSm yvkyo
f nf scenario
wifyHk jyxm;w,f/ dk;pif;aom wkwf
acsmif;yHk vlyk ef YJ actor ud,
k pf m;jyKw,f/
xdv
k l yk yf rkH mS actor yg0ifwhJ tcef;u@
role udk rSnfhac: trnfay;xm;w,f/
Use case udk,fEIdufudkawmh txJrSm
if;&JU trnfeJY bJOyHk azmfjyxm;w,f/
Actors eJY use cases awGMum; rsOf;
vdkif;uawmh b,f actors awG? b,f
use cases awGrSm yg0ifovJ Tefjyyg
w,f/
Scenarios
Use case wpfck[m actor wpfOD;
u uGeyf sLwm system jzifh wHYk jyef quf
oG,
f business activity aqmif&u
G yf kH

122

uGefysLwm*sme,f

udkom azmfjyw,f/ Use Case wpfck


[m tay:tqihf tao;pdwfrusaom
vTr;f jcHKrdonfh azmfjycsujf zpfw,f/ Use
case wpfck jyD;ajrmufapzdYk &m tpOfvu
kd f
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awG yg0ifEdkifw,f/ xdkwpfqihfcsif;udk
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of activities vdkY ac:Muw,f/ Use
case wpfcktwGif; twGif;ydkif;tqifh
internal steps 'grSr[kwf activities
awG azmfjyw,f/ "Create new Order"
use case twGuf t"dutqihfawGu
"Record customer information",
"Record order", "Process order
transaction" eJY "Produce confirma-

pDudk xyfrH owfrSwfazmfjyEdkifao;


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case wpfcktwGif;u steps tqihfawG
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Oyrmtm;jzifh system eJY wHkYjyef quf
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vm; qdkwmtay: rlwnfjyD; "Create
new order" use case rSm vkyf&rnfh
tasks tpDtpOf twdtusu uGJjym;
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scenarios vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
scenarios qd k w m use case wpf c k
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w,f/ RMO OyrmrSm 'Create new
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Zmwfvrf;pOf scenarios ESpfck&Sdw,f/
Scenario wpfckudk ]]azmufonfu
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tao;pdwfudk jyxm;w,f/
azmufonfrS w,fvzD ek ;f trSm
jyKvyk jf cif;twGuf flow of activities
Main Flow

azmufonfu RMO odkY zkef;ac:


um trSmpma&;ESifh pum;ajymonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
trSmpma&;onfh azmufonf\ owif;
tcsufrsm; rSef rrSef ppfaq;onf/
tu,f yxrqHk;tMudrf azmufonf
jzpf v Qif customer record topf
zefwD;onf/ azmufonfu atmf'g
trSmtwGuf yxrqHk; item trnf
awmif ; cH o nf / onf u order
topfzefw;D zdYk &m cvkwjf zKwfay;onf/
pma&;onf xdk items u stock vuf
usef&Sdao;vm; ppfaq;jyD; trSm ta&
twGuf awmif;cHonf/ azmufonfu
items wpfcp
kq
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u ppfaq;um order wGif aygif;xnfh
onf/ aemufqHk;wGif azmufonfu
ay;acs&rnfh tcsufrsm; payment information udk awmif;onf/ pma&;u
ppfaq;onf/ Order udt
k oih[
f k trSwf
tom;jyKjyD; scenario jyD;qHk;onf/
Exception Conditions
Item u vufusef stock

wGif
r&SdvQif azmufonfonf if;udk rrSm
awmh&ef a&G;Edkifonf/ azmufonf\
Credit u ,HkMunfzG,f raumif;vQif

vufcHr&rcsif; order qdkif;iHh


xm;&onf/
check

azmufonfrS 0ufbftrSmjyKvkyfjcif;
twGuf flow of activities
Main Flow

azmufonfu RMO &JU homepage odYk qufo,


G o
f nf/ Order page
\ Link odkY ESdyfum oGm;onf/ azmuf
onftopftaeeJY jzpf&if customer
page topfoYkdomG ;jyD; vdt
k yfwhJ owif;
tcsufawG jznfhoGif;onf/ vQKdU0Suf
password vnf;ygonf/ aemuf system u catalog pmrsuE
f mS odYk links jzifh
ydkYay;onf/ azmufonf[m catalog
udk category eJY item tvdkuf &Smonf/
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odkY aygif;xnfhonf/ tm;vHk; aygif;


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azmufonfu aiGay;acsrI information a&;oGif;onf/ trSmudk vufcHjyD;


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jyonf/ tusOf;csKyf tD;ar;vfudkvnf;
azmufonfxH ydkYonf/ System [m
oufqikd &f m items trsK;d tpm; vdik ;f t&
vnf; order udk aqmufonf/
Exception condition

wpfcg rSmzl;jyD; azmufonfjzpf


password arhaecJhvQif billing information topfeJY customer account
topf zefwD;&rnf/ Credit card u
tusHK;0if rSefuefrI Validation udk
rausmfvTm;EdkifvQif check udk vufcH
r&rcsif; order udk qdkif;iHhxm;&rnf/
azmufonf[m 24 em&DtwGif; order
qD jyefoGm;jyD; jyifcsif&m jyifEdkifonf/
Use Case Diagram
Use case diagram
tors eJY use cases awG

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toHk;jyKrIrsm;tm;vHk; owfrSwf azmf
xkwfzdkY&m MudK;pm;&w,f/ xdktjyKtrl
awG[m yHkrSeftm;jzifh event table
twGif; owfrSwfcJhaom business
events awGrS qif; ouf vm w,f/
Use case yHkjyum;csyfudk tjcm; wpf
enf; vSnfhawG;Ekdifwmu pepfwpfckvHk;
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ay;oGm;ygr,f/
Modula-2

atmufwb
dk m? 2008 123

Preview

RA3 xGufzdkY eD;uyfvmcsdef xkwf


vkyfolGreg Kasavin eJY awGYqHkum
Gamespot u rocket launchers eJY
sonic disruptors tMum; jcm;em;rI
aqG;aEG;jzpfcw
hJ ,f/ jyD;awmh Jenny Mc
Carthy eJY okyfaqmifrIeJY tem*wf&JU
okwfoif owfjzwfa&; assassins

taMumif;rsm; yg0ifw,f/
RTS *dr;f awG[m wrif oufouf
aES;atmifvkyfxm;wJh *E0if turnbrsed strategy *drf;awGudk ydkjrefjyD; ydk
csufcsif;vufiif; ta&;ay:jzpfwJh awGY
MuHKcHpm;rIjzpfatmif MudK;yrf;jcif;rS
pwifcJhw,f/ &if;jrpfawG &dwfodrf; pk
aqmif; vnfywf vkyaf qmifzYkd &m tajc

pdu
k f pcef;awG tprSaejyD; wnfaqmuf
&efoal wGacsrIe;f zdYk &m army udk wwfEidk f
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tjynfh jzpfvmw,f/ tMuD;qH;k eJY tpGr;f
txufqHk; armies rsm;jzifh upm;
olrsm;tMum; oGuv
f ufaom ,SOjf ydKifrI
tjrJjzpfcw
hJ hJ oufawmf&n
S f Command
& Conquer pD;&D;&JU xnfh0ifrI aus;Zl;
awG trsm;MuD; yg&Scd w
hJ ,f/ C & C vkid ;f
&JU aemufvmr,fh*drf;Red Alert 3 rSm
action-packed game play tpOf
tvm quf o,faqmifvmqJrSm
twefi,f enf;y&d,m,fygaom methodical pace yg&Sv
d mvdrrhf ,f/ ajrjyif

tajcpkduftjyif a&aMumif; ppfrsufESm


jyifyg xnfhoGif;xm;wJhtwGuf upm;
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vdkjyD; a&xJqif;zdkY qHk;jzwfxm;ol jydKif
bufudkoGm; rwkdufEkdifjcif; risk rSm
a&Smif&mS ;zdYk &mvdak ew,f/ RA pD;&D;xH;k pH
yHkpHus xHk;wrf;r[kwfaom ,lepfawG
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w,f/
Soviets bufvnf; jrifc&hJ jy/D Japanese
bufvnf; jrifc&hJ jy/D tck Allied faction
u Red Alert 3 odkY bmawG aqmif,l

ay;vmrvJ ajymjyygvm;/ ckjrif&wJh owd?


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d ef YJ yDjyifoyf&yfwhJ Munfah umif;rI
awG tjyifayg/h
Allies bufu RA3 urmudk pdwf
oabmxm; &ifhusuf rQwrI ay;xm;
w,f/ olwdkYu Soviet war machine
eJY Empire of the Rising Sun rS 0g;rsKd
oGm;rIukd a&Smif&mS ;zdYk &m MudK;pm;wJh urm
vH;k qkid &f mtiftm;pkukd uk,
d pf m;jyKw,f/
Freedom twGuf wku
d cf u
kd zf Ykd&m pkpnf;
rdaom ppfrSefwJh global faction jzpf
w,f/ 'gayr,fh yHkpHusuvDa&S;jzpfae
wJh "good guy" faction rjzpfatmif
awmh a&SmifMuOfxm;w,f/
tjynfjynfqkdif&m nGefYaygif;tzGJY

124

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Mo*kw?f 2008 124

Preview
vdk pGrf;tm;MuD;
,lepftopfawGvnf; awGY&r,f/
Century Bombers

C & C *drf;awG&JU mission rsm;tMum;


Mum;jzwfkyf&Sif cut scenes rsm;pGmrSm

a[mvd0k'ftqifh&Sd okyfaqmifrI orkdif;


aMumif;MuD; &SdcJhw,f/ t&if Jenny Mc
Carthy u uGerf ef'kd Tanya tjzpf jyefygO;D
rSmvm;/ ajymjyprf;yg/ [kww
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csiw
f ,fAsm/
[kwfygw,fwJhAsm/ Jenny Mc
Carthy u RA3 eJY tone eJY style t&
tHus0ifaew,f/

jzpfwmeJYtnD tawmfav; IyfaxG;


tqifhjrifhwJh enf;ynmjzifh qif,if
jc,foxm;w,f/ Faction oHk;ckxJrSm
ukdifwG,f xdef;ausmif;&wm ynmom;
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awG yg0ifw,f/ pGrf;tm;jyif; wpfrl
xl;wJh powers eJY txl; pGrf;aqmif&nf
awGygw,f/ Defensive approach
MudKufwJholawG jydKifbufxuf ydk om
vGefaom ,lepfrsm; udkifwG,fvdkolawG
u Allies udk MudKufMuvdrfhr,f/ MuD;
rm;wJh uke;f a&ESpaf xGom; wdu
k o
f abFm
MuD ; awG ? tmumoywf v rf ; xJ u
satellite defense networks 'grS
r[kwf tajymaumif; smooth-talking
pykdifu &efoludk vmbfxdk;jyD; 0wfpHk
ajymif;0wfwmrsKd;awG yg&Sdw,f/

tay: atmifyGJtm; tcsnf;ESD;jzpfapcJhjcif;


tjyifayg/h
t&omysufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY trsm;
MuD;awmh xkwfrajymcsifbl;/ ouf
a&mufru
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Dogs eJY Aircraft Carriers awG quf
yg&Sdvmr,f/ Athena Cannons eJY

Einstein u Allies awG twGuf wDxiG rf I


awG ray;urf;Ekid af wmhwt
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pdwMf uKd uo
f ;kH zdYk units topfeYJ ,mOfawGu

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rsm;pGm yg&Sdygw,f/ Assault Destroyers awGu {&mr ppfoabFmMuD;awG
jzpfjyD; ukef;ay:armif;wufum &efol
awGukd ypfEidk w
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tumtuG,zf iG jhf yD; ypforQ pky,
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xm;Ekdifw,f/ 'DaumifawGu vsif
jref j yD ; zsuf t m;MuD ; antiaircraft
vufeufeJY &efolawG rypfEkdifatmif
vkyfwJh weaponjammer device yg

Soviets bufu tcsdefc&D;oGm; assa


sins udk twdwfodkYvTwfjyD; Einstein udk
z,f&Sm;ypfcJhw,fqdkawmh Allies tay:
b,fvkd oufa&mufapcJo
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atmufwb
dk m? 2008 125

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taumif;qHk; aircraft awGvnf; yg
w,f/ Vindicator u twdtus AH;k MuJ
EkdifwJh precision bombers prf;oyf
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cwfrI hit eJYwif uGaJ MuoGm;atmif &efol
awGukd freeze vkyEf idk af pw,f/ olwYkd[m
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wJh txl;pGrf;&nfvnf; &Sdw,f/ usKHU
oGm;wJh &efolawGu toHpl;pl;xGufvm
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usKHUoGm;r,fhtoH rSef;qMunfhyg/
Dawn of War II eJY Company of
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h el pf awG
vIyf&Sm;upm; atmifEkdifav upgrades
jrifhay;av jyKvkyfay;wJh roleplaying
elements tajccHawG xnfhoGif;ay;vm

w,f/ xdkenf;twkdif; upm;olawGu


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cHpm;rIeJY wG,jf iv
d mapzd&Yk m cifAsm;b,fvkd
pDrHxm;ovJ/
Solo campaign rSm pdwf0ifpm;

126

uGefysLwm*sme,f

p&m wGJzuf co-Commander Zmwf


aumif trsKd;rsKd;eJY vIyf&Sm;&w,f/
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awGYMuHK&r,f/ upm;olawGu 'DieJawG
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w,f/ upm;wJh campaign tay: rl
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atmif vkyfay;w,f/
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xm;w,f/ (unit profiles awG yHkrSm
wifjyay;xm;ygw,f/) RA3 twGif;
,lepfwpfckpDrSm ukd,fykdifpum;ajymeJY
udk,fykdiftoH? [efyefpdkufawG yg&SdMu
w,f/ trSwf& pGJjidjyD; upm;&wm aysmf
p&m aumif;apr,f/
'ghtjyif acsrIef; atmifEkdifrI vHk
avmufpGm&wJhtcg olwdkY&JU touf
bm; health bar ab; Mu,fao;ao;
av; ay:vmr,f/ Damage 'Pf ydk
cHEkdifvmjyD; toufudk wjznf;jznf;
jyefwufapr,f/ umvMumvmwJhtcg
oifhtaeeJY oHa,mZOfjzpfvmjyD; qHk;HI;
&rIudkvnf; pdk;&GHUvmygvdrfhr,f/
RA3 rSm a&aMumif; wkdufyGJtay: ydkjyD;
tmHkjyKxm;w,fvdkY Mum;w,f/ Aquatic tanks eJY hybrid jets/submarines
vdk wpfrlxl;jcm;wJh amphibious units
awGtaMumif; ajymjyygvm;/ Rocketlauncher wyfxm;wJh vif;ydkifawG

taMumif;vnf; arhrxm;yg eJOY ;D /


cifAsm; tawmfMuD;udk wvGw
J acsmf
rSwfxm;rdjyD ukd,fhvl/ RA3 xJu vif;
ykdifawGrSm sonic disruptors (toH
wkdufckdufa&;)yJ ygw,f/ Rocket
launcher r[kwfbl;As/
RA3 xJu trkdufqHk; ,lepftcsKdU
u naval units awGjzpfw,f/ *drf;
twGif; tMuD;qHk;eJY pGrf;tm;tjyif;qHk;
wkdufckdufa&;tiftm;pkjzpfaewJhtwGuf

Preview
yg/ Soviet Dread-nought rS {&mr
rocket launchers oHk;ckygw,f/ Rising Sun &JU Shogun Battleship rS
yifr tajrmufajcmufckypftm; t&rf;
aumif;w,f/ ypfvkdufwkdif; oabFmu
a&SUwdk;aemufiif jzpfw,f/ olwdkYu
*drf;twGif; ta&miftaoG;pHkaom Zmwf
aumifawGvnf; jzpfw,f/ Navy buf
tom;ay;wJh RTS *drf;awGu enf;
vGef;w,f/ jyD;awmh naval units rS
wu,fhvlom; toHxnfhay;xm ydk
awmif enf;OD;r,f/ Soviet Akula
Sub udkMunfh/ olUtoHu a&atmuf
rSm tMumMuD;aecJh&wmudk pwif
rausrcsrf;jzpfovdk yHkpHaygufaewm
rsKd;aygh/
aemufqHk;ajymcsifwmu RA3 udk
pdw0f ifpm;p&m taumif;qH;k vkyaf y;wJh
rsufESmpm[m coorperative play ywf
vnfrIwnfjzpfyGm;wJh mission design
ygyJ / &rf ; a&mf rS e f ; qrI a wG t pm;
vufawGYazmfaqmifMunfhjyD; tusKd;
&v'fMunfhzdkY&m tcGifhtvrf;rsm;pGm
yGifhusvmcJhw,f/

pD;&D;&JU campaigns awGu ydk


ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;vmjyD; pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m
jzpfvmw,f/ RTS *drf;rSm urmudk
u,fzdkY MudK;pm;&if; MuHKawGY&avh&SdwJh
xbDrEkdif y0grEkdiftjzpfrsKd; avsmhap
r,f/ oifhab;uaejyD; ausmaxmuf
aemufcjH yK ulwu
dk af y;ol wpfO;D OD; tjrJ
&Sad er,f/ RTS *drf;udk online upm;wJh
tcg ESpfa,mufwpfzGJY two-on-two
matches u one-on-one battles
xuf ydkaumif;wm cHpm;cJhzl;r,f/ Ally
wpfa,mufeJY upm;&wm[m trSm;
enf;enf; ydkcHovdk aysmfarGYzG,f AsL[m
cif;usif;rI strategic opportunities
topf wpfyHkwpfacgif;MuD; zGifhcsay;
r,f/
RA3 udk wpfOD;wnf; single player mode eJ Y v nf ; tjynf h t 0
upm;awmh &ygw,f/ Campaign
solo rSm oifu uGJjym;aom co-Commander Zmwfaumif udk;OD;rS wpfOD;eJY
twl vufwGJupm;&r,f/ Campaign
tay:rlwnfjyD; tcsKdUu oifhrdwfaqG
jzpfvmum tcsKUd u oif&h efbufjzpfvm

olru Tanya r[kwb


f ;l / Tanya &JU
ydifbuf soviets bufu Natasha
r,f/ Zmwf&HaxmufyHhrIu wu,fhudk
tm;aumif;jyD; C & C y&dowf[m
olwdkY pdwfMudKuf ZmwfaumifopfawG
awGYvmzdkY&m &Sdw,f/
Co-op objectives erlemjzpf if;
wdkY rsm;pGmrSm upm;ol&JU tmHkpkdufrIudk
a&SUwef; ppfrsufESmpmwpfckckodkY cGJjcm;
pl;pkdufjcif; yg&Sdr,f/ oif[m wm0ef,l
rIawG ykdif;jcm;&r,f/ b,f objectives udk oifvkyfcsifovJ qHk;jzwf&
r,f/ tiftm;pkudk cGJjzefY&if jzefY&r,f/
twl vufwGJ vkyfcsif vkyf&r,f/
tcsKdU objectives awGrSm upm;ol wpf
OD;csif;&EkdifwJh resources trsKd;tpm;
uefYowfxm;w,f/ tykdif; trsm;pkrSm
awmh co-op awGYMuHKcHpm;rIu openended jzpfjyD; nGwfaysmif;w,f/ upm;
ol&JU wDxGif zefwD;Pf creativity
&Sd&if &Sdoavmuf reward ay;jyD; jyef
upm;csifp&m replayability udk ay;
urf;xm;ygw,f/

atmufwb
dk m? 2008 127

1989 ckEpS f Jordan Mechner &JU rlv Prince of Persia rSmwke;f u tvGeq
f ;kH
ajymEkid v
f S tcsed ef m&Djzifh tajy;jyKd i&f wJh side-scrolling, platforming action rQomyg/
aemufwpfq,fah v;ESpt
f Mum Ubisoft &JU csKyu
f idk fMu;D pk;d rI atmuf Prince of
Persia udk opfvGifvwfqwfaom pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m pGefYpm;cef; *drf;odkY

ajymif;ay;cJhw,f/ PoP [m r,HkEkdifp&m uRrf;bm;tpGrf; acrobatics tcsdefudk


aemufjyefoGm; EdkifpGrf;ESifh jyif;xef Murf;wrf;aom wkdufyGJrsm;[k xyfxljyK
em;vnfvm&w,f/ Sands of Time rS onf pD;&D; oH;k ckwidk cf yhJ gw,f/

Preview
pD;&D;&JU a&yef;pm;rIeJY atmifjrifrIudk
qufxed ;f xm;zdYkq&dk if rlvtaiGUtouf
&if;jrpf xdef;xm;qJrSm vHk;0wpfrluGJwJh
qef;opfazmufxGufrI vdkvdrhfr,f/ E3
2008 rSm demo ay:xGufcJhpOfrSmawmh
xkv
d rf;aMumif; AsL[mtwkid ;f vdu
k ef if;
xm;yHkygyJ/ tjrifydkif;qkdif&m artistic
ydkif;rSm vHk;0tptqHk; jyKjyif ajymif;vJ
xm;ayr,fh upm;olrsm; &if;ESD; tom;
usjyD; wlnaD om PoP universe xJrmS yJ
tajcwnfxm;w,f/ Prince rjzpf
ao;aom Prince jzifh ZmwfaMumif;
topfwnfxm;ygw,f/
arQmfvifh apmifhpm;p&mtjzpfqHk;
tajymif;tvJu pdwfMudKuf vSnhfvnf
oGm;vmEkid w
f hJ Free-roaming environment ygyJ/ upm;oltm; bmawGudk
b,ftpDtpOfeJY vkyf&rvJqkdwm a&G;
cs,fcGifhay;xm;w,f/ ywf0ef;usifudk
cJ&mcJqpf vrf;aMumif;&Sm oGm;&wm
tckxufxd PoP &JU aysmaf rGUzG,&f m tjrJ
jzpfaecJhw,f/
urmavmurSm t&ifu xufydk
vGwv
f yfpmG jzifh zswfvwf oGuv
f ufpmG
oGm;vm&r,fqkdwm ndKUiif qGJaqmif

zG,f jzpfvmvdrhfr,f/ Objective wpfck


qDodkY oGm;&mvrf;uawmh Linear yJ
jzpfaeOD;r,f/
aemufxyf pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m xnhf
oGif;ay;rIu Prince &JU vufonf;cRef
rsm;jzifh jyD;aom vuf/ awmufyvsuf
&Sdaom owKxnfvuftdwfyHkpH jzpf
w,f/ Grip Fall tygt0if a&TUuGuf
opfrsm;pGm vkyfvmEkdifvdrhfr,f/ Zmwf
aMumif;uawmh yg&Sm;'@m&Dtay:
tajccHxm;jyD; tarSmifESifh tvif;
tiftm;pktMum; y#dyuZmwfvrf; jzpf
ygw,f/ Ahriman vdYk ac:wJh raumif;
qk;d 0g; ewfbk&m;eJY Ormazd vdkYac:wJh
aumif;aom ewfb&k m;tMum; tm;jydKif
rI/ *drf;wpfavQmuf Prince rjzpfao;
aom prince u olY freeroaming vSnfh
vnf&majrudk raumif;qdk;0g;&JU csKyf
udkifrIrS vGwfapum ydkaumif;onfh
urmjzpfatmif oefYpifay;&r,f/ Ahriman &JU yg0gMuD;pdk;rIudk teufa&mif
yspcf Rq
J rD sm; zH;k vTr;f rIjzifh jyw,f/ *dr;f &JU
vrf;aMumif;twkdif; a&SUqufoGm;&if
urm[m rlvobm0 tajctaeodkY
jyef yHkoGif ajymif;vmygr,f/
Elika vkdY ac:wJh vSyaom rdef;r
ysKdav;uvnf; *drf;wpfavQmuftazmf

130

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Preview
vdu
k v
f may;ygOD;r,f/ Puzzle-solving
vrf;aMumif;&Sm oGm;vmjcif;eJY wkdufyGJ
awGrSm tvGeftrif; toHk;0ifwJh NPC
qkdwm awGU&r,f/ Open-ended rSm
jzpfwwfwhJ vrf;aysmufreI YJ MuHKawGU&&if
Elika u oifh objective &SmawGUEkdif&ef
vrf;jy tdrfajrmif compass wpfck
jzpfvmvdrhfr,f/ todPfvnf; &Sdyg
w,f/ oifh&JU a&TUuGuftwkdif; wkHYjyef
vIyf&Sm;vdkY oifhoGm;vrf;rSm uefYvefYcH
aewmrsKd; b,fawmhrQ &Srd nf r[kwyf g/
vHk;vHk;MuD; zGifhxm;wJh sand box
adventure awmh r[kwfao;yg/ 'DpD;&D;
rSm tjrJausmMf um;cJw
h hJ crf;em;vSpmG aom
acrobatic a&TUuGuaf wG&UJ tusK;d tjrwf
&zdkY&m tasks awGu &nf&G,fxm;wJh

twkdif;twmtxd linear tpOfvdkuf


oGm;&OD;r,f/ upm;oltwGuf rsm;vGe;f
[Hv
k eG ;f rjzpf&atmif cufcrJ rI sO;f auG;udk
*d r f ; trsm;pk u J h o d k Y yJ oG m ;apw,f /
tpydik ;f rSm &efoal wGeYJ wku
d &f wm vG,f
jyD; aemufydkif;rS tcufcJqHk;awGeJY awGU
&ygr,f / twd k u f t cd k u f y H k p H o pf r S m
AsL[majrmuf wpfOD;csif; one-on-one
duels yHkpHjzpfr,f/ wpfOD;csif;pD[m
'boss' fight ozG , f jzpf v mr,f /
tonf;toeftm;xkwrf eI YJ yg;eyf csuf
csmrI vdkw,f/ ywf0ef;usifudk enf;AsL
[majrmuf oH;k zdYk vdyk gw,f/ ,cif PoP
awGu cvkwu
f kd w'dik ;f 'kid ;f xkEu
S af e&

wmrsKd;[m acwfukefcJhjyDav/
PoP udk topfvGifqHk; jzpfatmif
vkyfay;wmu tEkynmajrmuf yef;csD
um;ozG,f yHkazmfay;xm;jcif;yg/ Developer tzGJUu illustrated style vkdY
ac:w,f / 'p a e;&J U cel-shaded
umwGef;qefqef/ aocsmwmu realistic udk unrealistics eJY yHkazmfay;ovdk
yJ/ pwdkifus cel-shaded udk realism
eJY a&mpyfx
f m;wmeJY wlygw,f/ wpfrx
l ;l
vef;qef;opfvGifwJh aesthetic jzpfvm
w,f/ eufeJ odrfarGUwJh *&yfzpf effect awGvnf; ygvmw,f/ teufa&mif
jymawG avxJviG yhf g;aeyH?k ajrjyiftay:
oJ? zkefrIefYawG jzwfajy;yHk? tvif;
awmufyHkrsm;u ywf0ef;usifurmrSm
eufarSmif jrpfwm;,kd,Gif;rI obm0udk
yHkazmfay;aeovkdygyJ/ oabFmom;
qif;bwf? pwm;0g;pf [efqkdvdkwkdYESifh
wlaom Zmwfaumifopf pGeYf pm;avvGihf
ol[m 0dkif? rdef;reJY aumfaZmay:u
pnf;pdrfcsrf;omaemuf &SmyHkawmf zGifh
&if;rS Prince jzpfvmyHk ZmwfaMumif;
azmfxm;ygw,f/

atmufwb
dk m? 2008 131

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Creating a Good Picture in Picture


,ckoifcef;pmwGif Frame wpfckudk Title window xJwGif
pdwfwkdif;uszefwD;jyD; video file twGif;xnfhum yHkwpfck
ay:wGif yHw
k pfcx
k yf vkyaf qmifEidk af om Effect yHpk u
H kd jyKvkyf
oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/
1/ 1. Adobe premiere pro 2.0 xJoYkd0if project topf
wpfck ,lxm;ay;yg/ File > New > Title <F9> udk
a&G;yg/ Title dialog box usvmygu "Frame title"
emrnfdkufxnfhay;yg/ Rectangle tool udka&G;
screen tjynfhqGJay;yg/ atmufygwefzdk;udk Title
properties panel wGif dkufxnfhay;yg/

#BOA272) Inner Stroke rS Fill ae&mwGif Bevel udk

a&G;jcif;tm;jzifh oH;k zufjriftem;vkid ;f yHpk H &&Sv


d mygrnf/
tvif;tarSmif ta&mifrsm; twdtus&&eftwGuf
HSB (H : Hue, S: Saturation, B: Brightness) Color

udk toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfygw,f/


3/ Stroke wefzdk;rsm;xJrS lit pmom; check box udk
trSefjcpf jzKwfay;yg/ tem;vkdif;tpGef;rsm;wGif ydkrdk
vif;vmonfudk awGY&ygrnf/

Width = 648, Height = 480


Position : 324 X , 240 Y
Opacity : 100 % , Rotation : 0. 0

2/ 2. Title styles panel xJwGif Fill pmom;a&SU&Sd Check


Box wGif trSefjcpf jzKwfay;yg/ Stroke a&SU&Sd jrm;wGif
ESdyf inner stroke xnfh&ef Add button wGif click
ESdyfyg/ Inner stroke wefzdk;rsm;udk azmfjyygtwkdif;
dkufxnfhay;yg/
Type : Edge , Size : 40 , Fill Type : Bevel , Highlight Color : 47, 35,100 (HSB, Golden Color # FFE
CA6)
Highlight Opacity :100
Shadow Color : 47, 35, 69 (HSB, Brown Color

132

uGefysLwm*sme,f

4/ Frame tem;vkdif;rsm; azmif;<uyHkpHjzpfcsifygu Tube


wGif trSefjcpfudk xnfhay;yg/

5/ Title > Templates <Ctrl +J > udka&G;yg/ Title template dialog box usvmygvdrfhrnf/ Arrow button
menu wGif click ESdyf save frametitle as Template

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
udk a&G;yg/ Template emrnfwpfckowfrSwf OK
wGif click ESdyf/ User Templates folder atmufwGif
Title Template wpfck&&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ txufyg
vkyfaqmifcsufjzifh custom Template rsm;udk zefwD;
Ekdifygonf/ Close button wGifESdyf Template xJrS
xGufay;yg/

6/ Close button wGif xyfESdyf Title panel xJrS


xGufxm;ay;yg/ File > Import jzifh toHk;jyKvdkaom
video file wpfckudk project panel xJodkY ac:xnfh
ay;yg/ Video file udk video 1 Track wGix
f m; Frame
Title udk video 2 track xJoYkd qGx
J nfah y;yg/File >Save
jzifh odrf;ay;yg/ Play button ESdyf preview Munfhay;
yg/

7/ File > New > Sequence udka&G; Sequence topf


,lay;yg/ Sequence 02 taejzifh &&Sdvmygrnf/ File
> Import jzifh toHk;jyKvdkaom video file wpfckudk
ac:xnfhay;yg/

8/ ac:xnfhxm;aom video file ukd video 2 track xJodkY


qGJxnfhay;yg/ Project panel xJrS Sequence 01 udk
video 1 track xJodkY qGJxnfhyg/

9/ Video 2 track rS Sequence 01 file udk click ESdyf


select vkyfay;yg/ Effect Controls panel xJrS Motion udka&G;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 40 % dkufxnfhay;yg/
Position udk 530 ESifh 123 dkufxnfhay;yg/ tay:
nmbufaxmifhwGif &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/

10/ Effect > video Effects > Perspective > Drop


shadow effect udk video 2 track &Sd sequence 01
ay:odkY qGJxnfhay;yg/ azmfjyygtwkdif; wefzdk;rsm;udk
effect controls panel rS Drop Shadow wGif du
k x
f nfh
ay;yg/ Preview Munfhay;yg/ Color : Default Distance : 46 Black Opacity: 45 Softness : 40 Direction : 135

atmufwb
kd m? 2008 133

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
11/ vIyf&Sm;rIwpfckudk qufvufjyKvkyfyg/ Video 2 track
rS Sequence 01 file udk select vkyfay;yg/ Home
key ESdyf Edit line udk a&SUodkY a&TUxm;ay;yg/ Effect
Controls rS Scale ae&mrS Toggle animation button wGifESdyf keyframe xnfhay;yg/

12/ Timeline xJrS Duration ae&mwGif 300 dkufxnfh


Edit line udk 3 second ae&modkY a&TUay;yg/ Scale
wef z d k ; ud k 25 % d k u f a y;yg/ Keyframe auto
xnfhoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ End key ESdyf Edit line udk
aemufqHk;odkY a&TUay;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 0 dkufay;yg/
MuD;&mrS wjznf;jznf; ao;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

13/ Edit line udk 3 second ae&modkY jyefa&TUay;yg/ Rotation a&SU&Sd Toggle animation button wGif click ESdyf
keyframe xnfhay;yg/ End key ESdyf Edit line udk
aemufqHk;odkY a&TUay;yg/ Rotation wefzdk;udk 180
dkufxnfhay;yg/ Preview Munfh odrf;ay;yg/

134

uGefysLwm*sme,f

14/ DVD format taejzifh Export jyKvyk Mf unfyh gr,f/ File


> Export > Export to DVD udk a&G;yg/ Burn DVD
dialog box wGif setting 3 rsKd;&Sy
d gr,f/ DVD acGtjzpf
xkwfvkdygu Burn to ae&mwGif Disc udka&G; pufxJ
wGif odrf;xm;vkdygu Folder udk a&G;csjyD; Image
taejzifh odrf;xm;vkdygu ISO Image udk a&G;ay;&yg
r,f/ pufxJwGif DVD format (VOB) taejzifh Export vkyfMunfhygr,f/ Burn to ae&mwGif Folder
udka&G;yg/ Folder Name udk emrnfwpfck owfrSwf
odrf;rnfhae&mtwGuf Browse button wGifESdyfjyD;
vrf;aMumif;wpfck owfrSwfay;yg/ Burn button wGif
click ESdyf Export xkwfay;yg/ Export xkwfjyD;ygu
owfrSwfxm;aom folder atmufwGif VOB format
jzpf DVD file udk jrifawGY&ygr,f/

rsK;d rif;xGe;f

Word Annoyance

pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyem
tcef; (4) tykid ;f (2)
Real Indents

ESit
hf wl Spaced

Indents

rsm;udk

jyef x m;,l j cif ;


Annoyance

rdwfaqGwpfOD;u paragraph wpfckpD\ tpwkdif;wGif


space av;ck csxm;vkyfudkifavh &Sdonf/ vufESdyfpuf kduf
vmcJah om tavhtusiw
hf pfc[
k k xifjrif ,lq&onf/ rnfoYdk
yif jzpfap tqkdyg space rsm;ae&mwGif first-line indent
wpfcjk zihf tpm;xk;d xm;&Sv
d ydk gonf/ odYk&mwGif rnfoYkdvyk u
f ikd f
,l&rnfukd tajz&Smr&cJhay/
Fix
Double replace tvkyfwpfckjzifh tvm;oPmefwlae
onf/ ^P tpm;xk;d jcif;ESihf space av;cktwGuf ^P tpm;xk;d
jcif;wdkYtjyif uGJjym;jcm;em;apaom distinctive string wpfck
wkYd yg&Sad eonf/ Oyrm ^P firstlineindent uJo
h Ykd jzpfaeonf/
if;aemuf firstlineindent (odkYr[kwf rnfonfhtcgwGifjzpf
ap) Avmewdjzifh tpm;xkd;ay;onf/ odkYaomf paragraph
formatting vkyf&ef vkdtyfonf/ "Replace with box" \
contents rsm;udk z,fxkwf,ljyD; format drop-down list rS
Paragraph udk a&G;ay;um indentation level udk cs,l&
onf/ jyD;vQif OK udk click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/ xkdYaemuf
Replace All udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&rnf/ wjcm; enf;vrf;tae
jzifh whitespace udk z,fxkwfxm;&SdjyD; (^P udk tpm;xkd;jcif;
ESifh spaces av;cktwGuf ^P tpm;xkd;jcif;) firstline indent udk toHk;jyK&ef style wpffckudk toHk;jyKjyD; paragraphs
tm;vHk;udk vkyfay;Edkifonf/ aemufydkif;wGif styles ESifh ywf
ouf tao;pdwf wifjycsufrsm; awGUjrifvm&ygvdrfhrnf/

Formatting
Annoyance

ESifh

Codes

rsm; zGifhcsjcif;

tpOfwpdu
k f wordperfect toH;k jyKvmcJo
h nfo
h jl zpfaom
aMumifh word rSm rnfoYkd formatting vky&f rnfukd tcuftcJ
jzpfae&onf/ Reveal Codes Option bmaMumifh rygoenf;
qkdonfhtcsufudk odvkdygonf/
Fix

oDtkd&Dt&rl Reveal Codes options udk word twGif;


oH;k &ef rvdt
k yfay/ Formatting udk ppfaq;jcif;twGuf tjcm;
enf;vrf;rsm; &Sdaeygonf/
Font formattting udk ppfaq;&eftvdkYiSm Format u
wpfqifh Font okdY oGm; Font dialog box twGif;rS
settings udk ppfaq;,l&onf/ (odkYr[kwf formatting
toolbar ay:rS controls rsm;\ status wGifvnf; Munhf
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Paragraph formatting udk ppfaq;&eftvdkYiSm Format
u wpfqifh Paragraph okdY oGm; Paragraph dialog
box twGif;rS settings udk ppfaq;,l&onf/ (Alignment uJhokdYaom settings twGuf Formatting toolbar
ay:wGiv
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Tab Formatting udk ppfaq;&eftvdYk imS ruler udk Munh&f
rnf/ odkYr[kwfu Format uwpfqifh Tabs odkYoGm;
Tabs dialog box twGif;rS setting udk ppfaq;,l&
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\ b,fbuf&Sd style area display udk Munhf&onf/

atmufwkdbm? 2008 135

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(Tools rS Options odkY oGm; View tab udkESdyfum oifh
avsmfaom width wpfckudk csdefay;&onf/ qkdMuygpkdY/
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Style area onf Normal view twGi;f om &Edi
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rdrdtaejzifh style area display ESihftwl vkyfudkifcJhygu


style udk tvkt
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box yGifhvmap&ef style area twGif;rS style trnfwpfck
udk double-click vkyfjcif;jzifh &Edkifonf/

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d nf; &,lEikd f
onf/ okdYr[kwf Shift + F1 udk yl;ESdyf&rnf/ ar;cGef;trSwf
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avmuf jyefvnfajzMum;ay;ae&onfh tawGUtMuHKrsm;t&
formatting information &&Sda&;twGuf tjcm; option udk

Figure 4-5
Word \ Reveal
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twGuf tpm;xk;d Ekid jf cif;


r&Sad omfvnf; Word
taejzifrh l taumif;qH;k
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Figure 4-5 wGif jrifawGU&ouJhodkY Reveal Formatting task pane rsm;ESifhtwl Word 2003 ESifh Word XP
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rS font rsm;? paragraph rsm;ESifh section formatting rsm;udk

Figure 4-4
What's This qko
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2003 ESihf Word XP wk\
Yd Reveal Formatting task pane
\ precursor jzpfonf/

136

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cGJwrf;cs aqmif&GufrItwGuf yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;onfhtjyif


tjcm; relevant formatting wpfckckudkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;
ygao;onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh table wpfcktwGif;u a&G;cs,frI
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udkif&eftwGuf relevant dialog box odkY a&muf&Sd&ef Links
wpfckudk click vkyf,lEdkifonf/

tu,f Reveal Formatting task pane wGif rnf


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avmufavmufjyrvmcJyh gvQif Levit ESihf James wkYd\ Cross
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k iG f yHyh ;kd aqmif&u
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udk cGJjcm; odjrifvQif Option dialog box udk aemufwpfMudrf
jyefac:jyD; check trSwftom; odkYr[kwf uncheck trSwf
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rdr&d UJ WordPerfect document udk Word twGi;f zGi,
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aomtcg aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif kyyf sufqif;ysuf


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wpfco
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document

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rsm;

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rdr\
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rSm;aeawmhonf/ tpm;xk;d xm;onfh fonts rsm;ESihf a&maESmae

atmufwkdbm? 2008 137

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Formatting vkyif ef;pOfwiG f Word ESihf WordPerfect

rnfonfh twGuaf Mumifh jiif;qefrI &Sad e&oenf;/


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taejzifh document wpfckudk tprStqHk; characters rsm;udk

pOfqufrjywf pD;qif;ap&efom pOf;pm;ay;onf/ tqkdyg


pD;aMumif;twGif; oifhavsmfaom ae&mrsm;wGif formatting
J yfay;cJo
h nf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh WordPerfect
codes rsm;udk wGu
wpfct
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aqmufxm;onf/ Word document wpfck\ text onf
plain text taejzifh yk
d aomfvnf;aumif;? avsm
h aomfvnf;
aumif; saved vkyx
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twGif;&Sd property table wpfckwGif file \ atmufydkif;
wpfae&mpDtwGuf formatting vkyf odr;f xm;onf/ (tu,f
document wpfckonf Section rsm;jzifh cGJjcm;xm;cJhygu
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owfwGif rSwfom;xm;aom section break twGif; odrf;
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text twGi;f oifah vsmo
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odrf;qnf;xm;onf/ rnfuJhodkYaom taMumif;aMumifh
jzpf&oenf;[lrl Word document wpfco
k nf ysupf ;D ,d,
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xm;onfhyHkpHtaejzifhom awGU&rnf/ Word ESifh WordPerfect wdYk wi
G f formattings enf;vrf;wpfcpk u
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sm;udkrl rukdifwG,fapay/

138

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onf/ tqdk;qHk;rSm Layout tajctaeyg ysufjym;jcif;jzpf


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Fix

yxrqHk; rnfonfh trSm;t,Gif;aMumifhenf;[k &SmazG


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tpm;xkd; zGifhjyonfvm;[k tajz&SmMunhfwmrsKd;udk qkdvkdyg
onf/ tpm;xdk;onfhudpt
wGuf rwlnDaom space twkdif;
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wGuf ESpcf v
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Oyrmtaejzifh Arial, Time News Roman ESifh Tahoma
uJhodkY fonts rsm;rSmrl vlwkdif;wGif &SdaewwfjyD; usef fonts
trsKd;tpm;rSm raorcsm &Sdaewwfonf/ 'kwd,wpfckrSm
embed vkyfay;onfhenf; jzpfonf/
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click vkyy
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2/ rdrd document wGiftoHk;jyKonfh TrueType fonts rsm;
tm;vHk;\ character set tjynfhtpHkudk embed vkyf&ef
' Embed TrueType fonts' ukd ppfaq;Munhfyg/
3/ Character sets tjynht
f pHk embed vkyjf cif;tm;jzifh file

vuf

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WordPerfect document wpfcu


k kd Word version tjzpf
ajymif;,lxm;cJhvQif conversion options rsm;udk npf

xkwf,ljyD;aemuf vufcHavmufonfxuf avsmhenf;pGm


&SdaeqJjzpfjyD; WordPerfect odkY access vkyfqJ jzpfae
apum WordPerfect twGi;f document udk zGijhf yD; Rich
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WordPerfect \ advanced formats rsm;ESifh features
rsm;awmh RTF odkYr[kwf HTML twGif; qHk;IH;oGm;Edkif
p&mtaMumif; &Sdonf/

size u

tqrwef MuD;oGm;Edkifygonf/ rdrd document


udk zwfIoltaejzifh wnf;jzwf,lrnfh vkyfief;&SdrSom
jyKvkyfoifhonf/ "Embed Characters in use only"
box wGif check trSwftom;vkyfjyD; omreftqifhjzifh
vkyfaqmifjcif;onf azmif;yGrI avsmhusoGm;aponf/ rdrd
taejzifh Word 2003 okdYr[kwf Word XP udk toHk;jyK
cJhvQif Do not embed common system fonts box
wGif trSwftom;vnf; jyqkdvkdygvdrhfrnf/ enf;jzifh
rdrdrdwfaqGwGif tqkdyg fonts &&SdoGm;apEdkifonf/
4/ OK udk ESdyfyg/
5/ Document udk Save vkyjf yD; rdrt
d ;D ar;vfuwpfqifh rykYd rD
file t&G,ftpm;udk ppfaq;MunhfIyg/ tu,fom
fonts wpfyHkwpfyif toHk;jyKxm;jyD; toHk;jyKorQudk embedded vkyfay;vkdufrnfqkdygu MuD;rm; av;vHjyD;
tD;ar;vfwGif o,faqmif&ef tcuftcJ &SdoGm;Ekdifapyg
onf/

rdrd\

fonts tm;vHk;udk Word rS cif;usif;ay;jcif;


Annoyance
Fonts tajrmuftjrm; install vkyfxm;cJhonf/ odkY&m
wGif Word rS drop-down lists ESifh font dialog box rS 10
cpi, 12 cpi ESifh 17 cpi [l t&G,ftpm;oHk;rsKd;twGif; Device Font om cGifhjyKvmygonf/ rdrdtaejzifh cpi qko
d nfrmS
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oG,af qmif&u
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Figure 4-8
Font drop-down list wGif fonts rsm; aysmufaecJv
h Qif
omreftm;jzifh tqkyd g udpo
nf Generic/Text Only printer
jzifh install vkyx
f m;onf[k t"dym ,foufa&mufaeaponf/

Fix
Word onf Genenic/Text Only printer wpfcE
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hf wl
y&ifx
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k &f ef wpfenf;enf;jzifh set vkyx
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printer wpfckudk a&G;,lvdku close udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/
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jzpfap? Font dialog box ukjd zpfap zGiphf pfaq;Munfyh g/ rdr\
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fonts rsm; tm;vHk; jyef&aejyD; jzpfygvdrhfrnf/

vuf

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nTe;f

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Printers and Faxes okdY oGm;jyD; oufqkdifonfh printer
udk right-click vkyfjyD; Set as Default Printer tjzpf
a&G;cs,fay;&efom &Sdonf/

Print dialog box twGif;rS Name drop-down list


onf wjcm; printers rsm; ryg&SdcJhygu Start rSwpfqifh
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click vky,
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trsKd;tpm;udk rqkd vufcHxnhfoGif;ay;rnf jzpfonf/
tu,f odkYwkdif fonts rsm; rjyvmao;cJhygu Fonts
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enf;vrf;rSm Start rSwpfqifh control panel odkY oGm;
Appearance and Themes udk a&G;um Fonts udk ESdyf,l&yg
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&Sdaeyguvnf; jyef install vkyf&efom &Sdawmhonf/

qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/

atmufwkdbm? 2008 139

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop Tutorial
Web 2.0 Style Menu zefw;D jcif;
tqifh (1)
'D icon av;udk
website &JU
menu twGuf

400 x 150 px canvas zGifhjyD; pygw,f/


Layer topf vkyy
f gw,f/ 0kid ;f pufaeaom
puf0dkif;yHk&zkdY elliptical marquee tool eJY drag
qGJ a&;qGJpOf shift ukd ESdyfxm;&ygr,f/ teuf
a&mifeJY jznfhygw,f/ Selection jzKwfygw,f/

omru tjcm;
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awG&UJ button
tjzpfvnf;
oH;k vdYk &ygw,f/
vG,v
f nf;
vG,yf gw,f/

tqifh (2)
Layers palette u Layer topftuGuf
tay: double click ESdyfvkduf&if Layer Style
dialog ay:vmr,f/ Stroke, Gradient Overlay, Inner Glow eJY Outer Glow wdkYudk yHkyg
Settings rsm;twkdif; ay;ygw,f/
yHkygtwkdif; jzpfvmr,f/

140

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqifh (4)
45 px avmuf&Sdr,fh soft eraser brush udk ajymif;udkif
ygw,f/ bJOyHak tmufyikd ;f wpf0ufrmS xm;jyD; shift key ESyd
f
tay:atmuf qGJygw,f/ Selection jzKwfygw,f/ yHkyg

twkdif; jzpfvmr,f/

tqifh (5)
t&dyfuav; xGufaecsifw,f/ Layer topfjyKvkyfjyD;
teufa&mifeYJbOJ yHu
k kd button &JU atmufrmS qGyJ gw,f/ Filter
> Blur> Gaussian Blur udk oGm;jyD; radius wefzkd; 7.5 px
avmuf xm;ygw,f/

tqifh (3)
Layer topfwpfck xyfvkyfygw,f/ Elliptical marquee tool eJY bJOyHkqGJjyD; tjzLa&mif jznhfygw,f/

atmufwkdbm? 2008 141

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (6)
Arial font, 6 pt eJY tjzLa&mif Home qdkwJh pmom;dkuf
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pmom; text udk yHkwlyGm;ygw,f/

tqifh (8)

tqifh (7)
yGm;xm;wJh pmom; layer udk yHkoGif;ajymif;zdkY Edit >
Transform > Flip Horizontal udk oGm;ygw,f/ aemuf Edit
> Transform > Rotate 180 udk a&G;ygw,f/

t&dyfyHkjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f/
tjcm;enf;rsm;pGm&Sad yr,fh tvG,f
qHk;enf;yJ ajymvdkufawmhr,f/
Layers palette u aumfyDyGm;
xm;wJh Type Layer tuGut
f ay:
right-click ESdyfjyD; Resterize
Type udk a&G;ygw,f/ jyD;rS Eraser tool udk udkifum vkd
oavmuf zsuf t&dyfyHkay:apygw,f/

tqifh (9)
pmom;awG ajymif;xnfh/ ta&mifajymif;csif&if Gradiajymif;ay;HkygyJ/

ent overlay rSm

142

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;

Cel-Shaded

umwGe;f pwdik f zefw;D jcif;

vdkY ac:wJh acetate tMunfom;tay: vufjzifh


yef;csDa&;qGJum 'paevdk *E0ifumwGef;um;awG zefwD;,lcJh
Muw,f/ uGefysLwm*&yfzpfudk aumrpfumwGef;pwkdif wky
zefwD;jcif;tm; cel-shading vdkY ac:vmMuw,f/ rMumao;
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172

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uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (7)
7.1 EVENT LISTENERS IN JAVA LANGUAGE
pmzwfol[m Java &JU Swing Components awGudk
toHk;jyKjyD;awmh Program awG wnfaqmuf&mrSm jyD;cJhwJh
oifcef;pmawG[m Demonstrate taeeJY a&;jycJhwmyJ jzpfyg
w,f/ User bufu awmif;qkdwmudk program bufu
response vkyfray;Edkifygbl;/ [kwfw,faemf/
Java Language &JU Swing Components awGudk
handles vkyr
f ,fq&dk if event listeners awGeYJ ac:,ljyD;awmh
xdef;csKyf&rSmyJ/ 'grSomvQif zefwD;xm;wJh Swing Components awGudk Response jyefay;EdkifzdkYtwGuf Event
Listeners awGu vkyfaqmifrSmygyJ/
'Dawmh trSew
f u,f tvkyv
f yk rf ,fh Application awGukd
Java Language eJY a&;om;r,fqdk&if Event Listeners
awGeJY tvkyfvkyf&rSmygyJ/ Events Listeners qdkwm bmvJ/
Event Listeners : If a Class wants to respond to a
user event under the Java 2 event
handling system, it must implement
the interface that deals with the
events. These interface are called
event Listeners.
Event Listeners vdkYqkd&mrSmtrsKd;rsKd;aom events awG
udk xdef;csKyfEdkifzdkYtwGuf events awG tajrmuftjrm; &Sdyg
w,f/ 'Dawmh avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ Event Listeners Interface xJrSm yg0ifwJh Listeners awGudk a&;jyxm;

AdjustmentListener

ForcusListener

Itemlistener

KeyListener

MouseListener

MouseMotionListener -

ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/ uJ atmufrSm a&;jyxm;wm[m


Interface_Name awGygyJ/ aoaocsmcsm rSwfxm;aemf/
ActionListener

- Action events, which are


generated by a user taking an action on a com-

WindowListener

ponent, such as a click on


a button.
Adjustment
events,
which are generated
when a components is adjusted, such as when the
knob of a scrollbar is
moved.
Keyboard focus events,
which are generated
when a components such
as a text field gains or
loses the focus.
Item events, which are
generated when an item
such as a check box is
changed.
Keyboard events, which
occur when a user enters
text on the keyboard.
Mouse events, which are
generated by mouse
clicks, a mouse entering
a component's area, and
a mouse leaving a components's area.
Mouse movement events, which track all
movement by a mouse
over a component.
Window events, which
are generated by a win-

atmufwkdbm? 2008 173

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
dow (such as the main
application window) being maximized, minimized,
moved or closed.

uJ tckazmfjyay;xm;wJh event listeners awGudk toHk;


jyKr,fq&dk if atmufygtwkid ;f code_line udk a&;om;jyD;awmh
toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/

Sample
(1)

public

class Class Name extends


TextListener {
// .......
}

JFrame

tck a&;om;jycJhwJh event listeners awGukd ac:,ltoH;k


csr,fqkd&if java.awt.event package xJrSm yg0ifwJh event
listeners jzpfwmaMumifh atmufyg statement udk atmufyg
twkdif; declare vkyf&rSmygyJ/
import java.awt.event.*;

uJ 'Dawmh tay:rSm a&;jycJhwJh event listeners &,f?


class_type sample &,f? import declare package vkyw
f m
&,fukd pmzwfot
l aeeJY aoaocsmcsm avhvmjyD;awmh oif,l
apcsifygw,f/ jyD;cJhwJh Chapter (3), Chapter (4), Chapter(5) tp&SdwJh oifcef;pmawG yg0ifwJh Java Developer
Guide Volume -I udk avhvmjyD;cJ&
h if tJ'D oifcef;pmawG[m
Swing & AWT Components awGudk Demonstrate vkyfjy
wmyJ jzpfygw,fqw
dk mudk pmzwfol odvmrSmyg/ tck oifcef;
pmuae tpjyKjyD;awmh program [m user udk Responsed
jyefvkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf ydkYcsay;wmygyJ/

implements

ActionListener,

nents
addItemListener( )method-JButton, JCheckBox,
JComBox, and JRadioButton
addKeyListener ( ) method - All Swing Components
addMouseListener ( ) method - All Swing Components
addMouseMotionListener ( ) method - All Swing
Components
addWindowListener ( ) method - All JWindow
and JFrames Components
uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh method ( ) awGeJY ywfoufjyD;awmh
sample code_line av; a&;MunhfMu&atmif/ JButton qkd
wJh Object udk ac:,ltoHk;csr,fqkdygpdkY/ 'gudk action event
listener method eJYwGJjyD; atmufygtwkdif; toHk;csa&;om;&

rSmygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/

wu,fvdkY pmzwfol[m event listener eJY ywfoufwJh


class udk ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&if component awGeJY quf
ET,faewJh Listener method awGudk ac:,l toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/
'grSomvQif oufqidk &f m components eJY ywfoufwhJ event
listener awG[m 0ifa&mufjyD;awmh tvkyfvkyfrSmyg/
uJ 'Dawmh pmzwfozl efw;D r,fh component udk toH;k jyK
r,fq&dk if atmufrmS azmfjyay;xm;wJh method awG[m components awGeJY qufET,faewJh event listener method awG
ygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Sample
(2) JButton Zap = new JButton ("Zap");
Zap.addActionListener (this);
uJ tcka&;jycJw
h hJ code_line eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh avhvm
MunhfMu&atmif/ oufqkdif&m add Listener method ( )
awGrSm argument taeeJY xnhfoGif;a&;om;vdkY &ygw,f/
&nf&G,fcsufuawmh oufqkdif&m object udk Listener class
uaejyD;awmh vufczH YkdygyJ/ 'DtcgrSm this keyword udk toH;k
jyKjyD;awmh class &JU event listener udk &nfnTef;&rSmygyJ/
'gaMumifh JButton twGuf a&;om;&mrSm Object_Name.
addActionListener (this); vdkY a&;om;xm;wmyJ jzpfyg

w,f/

Setting Up Components

addActionListener ( ) method -JButton, JCheckBox, JComboBox, JTextField, JRadio Button and


JMenuItem components
addAdjustmentListener ( ) method - JScrollBar
Component
addFocusListener ( ) method - All Swing Compo-

174

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Event - HandLing Methods

wu,fvdkYom pmzwfol[m class wpfckudk zefwD;wJh


tcgrSm interface wpfckukd implements vkyfr,fqdkMuygpkdY/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tJ'D interface twGi;f rSm yg0ifwhJ methods awGukd oufqidk f
&m class taeeJY handle vkyf&rSmygyJ/
uJ uRefawmfwYdk u event listener awGukd ac:,ltoH;k cs
xm;jyDqkd&if tJ'D method awGudk Windowing system u
tvkdtavsmuf ac:,ltvkyfvkyfay;rSmyg/ b,ftcsdefrSmvJ/
user bufuae wkHYjyefay;vkdufwJhtcsdefrSmyg/ wpfenf;ajym
&&ifawmh User Responsed vkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGufygyJ/
ActionListener interface rSmqkd&if method wpfck
wnf; yg0ifygw,f/ tJ'guawmh actionPerformed ( )
method ygyJ/ b,fvdk class rsKd;uky
d jJ zpfjzpf ActionListener
interface eJY implement vkyfr,fqkd&if a&;&r,fh method
yHkpHudk atmufrSm a&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/

Code_Line taeeJY

a&;jyr,fqkd&if atmufygtwkdif; awGU

jrif&rSmyg/
Sample
(4) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){
object src = evt.getSource ( );
}

'DtcgrSmawmh object [m getSource ( ) method t&


return vkyfygw,f/ Component udk oGm;jyD;awmh = = operator udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh compare vkyfvdkY &ygw,f/
atmufrSma&;jyxm;wJh Sample Code_Line [m actionperformed ( ) method xJrSm a&;om;&r,fh yHkpHrsKd;yJ jzpfyg
w,f/

Sample
(3) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt) {
// handle event here
}

uJ wu,fvdkYrsm; pmzwfol[m zeffwD;vkdufwJh program rSm component wpfckudk xnhfoGif;vkdufjyDqkdMuygpkdY/


'DtcgrSm user bufu awmif;qdkwmukd Respond vkyfay;
EdkifzdkYtwGuf tay:rSm a&;jycJhwJh actionDerformed ( )
method udk a&;om; toH;k cs&rSmygyJ/ 'g[m tjrJwap toH;k
csa&;om;&r,fh type yJaemf/ rSwfxm;yg/
wpfckxufruwJh components awGudk events listener taeeJY ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&ifvnf; pmzwfol[m
azmfjyxm;wJh method udk oufqidk &f m components &JU pnf;
rsOf;pnf;urf;eJYtnDac:,ljyD;awmh toH;k cs&rSmygyJ/ ActionPerformed ( ) method udk ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&if txl;
owdjyK&r,fh tcsufuawmh ActionEvent Object udk tJ'D
method ( ) &JU argument ae&mrSm xnhfoGif;jyD;awmh a&;
om;&rSmygyJ/ 'g[m tvGefta&;MuD;wJh tcsufygyJ/
Action Event tygt0if tjcm;aom event object awG
tm;vHk;[m
java.awt.event package atmufrSm yg0ifygw,f/
wpfenf;ajym&&if EventObject Class &JU subclasses awGvYkd
ajym&ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/
jyD;awmh Event Handling method awGudk toHk;jyKjyD
qkd&if atmufyg method udkvnf; toHk;jyK&rSmygyJ/
getSource( );

'D method uawmh component udk event taeeJY


vIyf&Sm;atmifvkdY qHk;jzwfay;&wmygyJ/ 'Dawmh Sample

Sample
(5) public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){
object src = evt. getsource ( ) ;
if (src = = quitButton)
quitButton ( ) ;
else if (src = = sortRecords)
SortRecords ( );
Note : 'g[m wyfqiftoHk;jyKxm;wJh Swing & AWT
components awGudk trSefwu,f vIyf&Sm; touf0ifatmif

a&;om;&wJh tcef;u@yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh jyD;cJhwJh


Chapter (1), Chapter (2) u Code_Line a&;om;rIyHkpHukd
om em;vnfoabmaygufrI r&SdcJhbl;qkd&ifaygh/ JFrame
ay:rSm wyfqifxm;wJh Swing & AWT components awG[m
wu,fwrf;usawmh bmrQ Respond ray;EkdifwJh components awGyJ jzpfukefrSmyg/ tck a&;jycJhwJh sample code_
line rSmqkd&if else-if statement udk toHk;jyKxm;wmudk awGU

jrif&rSmyg/
Event-Handling methods trsm;pk[m event or
components toD;oD;twGuf uGJjym; jcm;em;wJh methods

awGeJY zefwD; tvkyfvkyfay;Ekdifygw,f/


Instance of Operator [mqkd&if event-handling
method twGif;rSm yg0ifwJh tvGeftoHk;0ifwJh technique
yJ jzpfygw,f/ b,fvkd toHk;0ifwmvJqkdawmh b,ftrsKd;
tpm; component udkrqkd event taeeJY generated vkyaf y;
Edkifygw,f/ atmufrSm a&;jyxm;wJh sample code_line rSm
qdk&if textfield wpfckeJY Button wpfckudk Program rSm xnhf

atmufwkdbm? 2008 175

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
oGif; toHk;csxm;ygw,f/ uJ 'D component awGudk action
event taeeJY generate vkyfay;xm;ygw,f/
Sample
(6) void action Performed (ActionEvent evt) {
Object src = evt.getsource ( );
if (Src instanceof JTextField)
calculateSource ( );
else if (src instanceof JButton)
quitProgram ( );
}

uJ tckqdk&if Sample code_line taeeJY a&;jycJhwm


(6)ckwdwd &SdoGm;jyDqkdawmh pmzwfol[m tajccHavmufawmh
user bufu awmif;qkdwmukd program bufu Respond
vkyaf y;Ekid af tmif a&;om;&wJh program taMumif;udk oabm
aygufavmufygjyD/ &Si;f jywmudk vH;k 0em;rvnfbeJ YJ rsufpx
d J
rSm ray:wmvnf; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh smaple
code_line awGeJY EIdif;,SOfjyD;awmh a&;jyyghr,f/ tay:u
&Si;f jycJw
h hJ tcsuftvufawGukd odyjf yD;awmh em;r&Si;f &if tck
a&;jywJh yHkpHukd aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunfhyg/
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*; // event Handling udk
toHk;jyKrSmjzpfaomaMumifh rygrae& // xnhfoGif; a&;
om;&jcif; jzpfygonf/)
public Class_Name extends JFrame implements
ActionListener {
// Class_Name [m rdrd wnfaqmufr,fh program
trnf? wpfenf;ajym&&if Class_Name.java
// taeeJY save vkyf&r,fh primary Class_Name ygyJ/
'g[m Sample (1) taeeJY a&;xm;wJh
// code_line udk xnhfoGif; toHk;cswmygyJ/ Components awGudkvnf; 'DtxJrSm Declare vkyfcJh&ygr,f/
Oyrm a, a2 taeeJY Object_Name ay;cJhygr,f/
public constructor ( ) function {//Class_Name eJY
trnfwl function
// . . . . code_line rsm;
// . . . . code_line rsm;
a1.addActionListener (this); // tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh
components udk ac:oHk;wmyg/
a2. addActionListener (this); // Sample (2) taeeJY

a&;om;xm;wmudk ac:oHk;jywmygyJ/

176

uGefysLwm*sme,f

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

} // Close brace for constructor function


public static void main (String [ ] arguments) {
// Class create the object
}
public void actionperformed (ActionEvent evt) {
// Sample (4) wGif a&;aom code_line yHkpH/
13. Object src = evt. getSource ( ); // Sample (5),
Sample (6) wGif a&;om;
14. if (src = = quitButton); // aom code_line yHkpH
15. quitButton ( );
16. else if (src = = sortRecords)
17. sortRecords ( );
18. }
19. }
uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh code_line awGuawmh ta&SUu
Sample taeeJY a&;jycJhwJh code_line av;awGudk pkpnf;jyD;
awmhrS program yHkpHjzpfatmif a&;jyxm;wmygyJ/ pmzwfol
taeeJY ta&SUu a&;jycJhwJh Sample awGudk em;rvnfcJh&if

tck a&;jycJhwmawGudk aoaocsmcsm jyefjyD;awmh avhvmap


csifygw,f/
tcka&;jycJhwmawGudk em;vnfrSomvQif program [m
trSefwu,f tvkyfvkyfjyD;awmh Respond vkyfay;Ekdifygvdrfh
r,f/ 'Dawmh tck oifMum;ydkYcsay;cJhwJh code_line awGudk
tajccHjyD;awmhrS Listing 7.1 Demonstrate the User Response qkdwJh oifcef;pmudk a&;om;ydkYcsay;xm;ygw,f/
avhvmMunhfyg/
Listing 7.1 Demonstrate the User Response
1 . import java.awt.event.*;
2 . import javax.swing.*;
3 . import java.awt.*;
4.
5 . public Class ChangeTitle extends JFrame
implements ActionListener {
6 . JButton b1 = new JButton ("Rosencrantz");
7 . JButton b2 = new JButton ("Guildenstern");
8.
9 . public ChangeTitle ( ) {
10. Super ("Change the Title Bar Demonstrate");
11. SetDefaultClose Operation(JFrame.EXIT_
ON_CLOSE);
12.
b1. addActionListener (this);
13.
b2. addActionListener (this);
14.
JPanel pane = new JPanel ( );
15.
pane.add (b1);
16.
pane.add (b2);
17.
setContentPane (pane);

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
18.

Pack ( );

19.

SetVisible (true);

20.

uJ tJ'D class xJrmS rS JButton (2) ckukd b1, b2 qdjk yD;awmh


trnfay;jyD;awmhrS zefw;D ygw,f/ vkid ;f eHygwf (6)eJY vdik ;f
eHygwf (7)rSmyg/

21.
22. public Static void main (String [ ]
argument) {
23.
JFrame Frame = new ChangTitle ( );
24.
}
25.
26. p u b l i c
void
actionperformed
(ActionEvent evt) {
27.
Object Source = ext.getsource ( );
28.
if (source = = b1)
29.
setTitle ("Rosencrantz");
30.
else if (source = = b2)

JButton b1 = new JButton("Rosencrantz")


JButton b2=new JButton("Guildenstern");

31.

setTitle ("Guildenstern");

32.

repaint ( );

uJ JButton ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh Caption Name awGudk


vnf; pmzwfol owdjyKrdjyDaemf/ jyD;awmh tJ'D JButton
awGukd constructor function xJrmS xnho
f iG ;f toH;k csrmS
yg/ 'Dawmh constructor function udk avhvmMu&atmif
vm;/ vkdif;eHygwf (9)rSmawmh ChangeTitle ( ) qkdwJh
constructor function xJrSmawmh atmufyg code_line
awGudk a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/ Super ( ) method udk
toHk;csjyD;awmhrS-

33.

super

("Change

the

Title

Bar

Demon-

34. }

strate");

uJ tcka&;jycJhwJh Listing 7.1 [m &Sif;jycJhwJh sample


code_line awGudk tajcjyKjyD;awmh a&;jycJhwm jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh pmzwfoltaeeJY 'D program udk tvG,fwul avh
vmvdkY&atmifvdkY Analysis vkyfMunhfMu&atmifvm;/

vdYk a&;om;ygw,f/ 'g[m 'D program run vkyjf yDqw


dk m
eJY tJ'D TitleText eJYtwl Program [m azmfjyay;xm;
rSmyg/ jyD;awmh SetDefaultCloseOperation ( ) method
udk ac:,ltoH;k csxm;ygw,f/ jyD;awmh Object_Variable
Name awG ukd toHk;jyKjyD;awmhaddActionListener (this) method eJY ,SOfwGJjyD;awmh
toHk;csxm;ygw,f/
vkid ;f eHygwf (14)rSmawmh Jpanel class udk Object_Name
pane vkdY ay;jyD;awmh ac:,lvdkufygw,f/ jyD;awmh add
( ) method udk toH;k csjyD;awmh JButton awGukd xnho
f iG ;f
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh -

Analysis
1/ 'D program rSmawmh java &JU package file
Declare vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm -

(3) ckudk

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

tp&Sw
d hJ package files awGuawmh jyD;cJw
h hJ oifcef;pmawG
rSm toHk;jyK avhvmcJhjyD;om;yg/ tck topfyg0ifvmwJh
package file uawmh import java.awt.event.*;

qkdwJh package file yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m java &JU event


handling awGudk ac:,ltoHk;jyKrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf import
& Declare vkyfxm;wmygyJ/
2/ tJ'DaemufrSmawmh ChangTitle qkdwJh primary class udk
a&;om;ygw,f/ 'D primary class udk a&;om;&mrSm
JFrame Class udk extends vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m
swing package xJrSm yg0ifwJh JFrameclass udk extends vkyfxm;wmaemf/ jyD;awmh ActionListener udk
implements vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m ActionListener
Interface udk ta&SUrSm a&;om;ay;cJhovdkrsKd;ygyJ/ Implements vkyfxm;wmygyJ/ 'gqkd&ifawmh Event Listener awGtaeeJY ac:,ljyD;awmh toHk;csvdkY &jyDayghaemf/

pane.add(b1);
pane.add(b2);

vdYk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m JButton awGukd wyfqif


xm;vdkufwmygyJ/ usefwJh vkdif;eHygwf (17)(18)(19)rSm
a&;om;xm;wJhsetContentpane(pane);
Pack ( );
setVisible(true);

tp&SdwJh method awGuawmh &Sif;jyp&m rvkdawmhygbl;/


jyD;cJw
h hJ oifcef;pmawGrmS &Si;f jyjyD;om;rdYk xyfr&Si;f jyawmh
ygbl;/ tjrJwrf;toHk;csaewJh method awGygyJ/ 'Dawmh
'D constructor method xJrmS yg0ifwhJ txJu r&Si;f vif;
wm r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/
3/ vdkif;eHygwf (22)rSmawmh main ( ) function ukd a&;om;
xm;ygw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSmawmh ChangeTitle class udk

atmufwkdbm? 2008 177

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
JFrame class eJY nd,
yl gw,f/ 'g[m main ( )function
xJrSm a&;om;xm;wJh code_line av;ygyJ/ 'Dawmh 'Doif
cef;pmeJY ywfoufwhJ Respond to user taeeJY zefw;D ay;
wJh code_ line & function awGudk avhvmMu&atmif

vm;/ tJ'guawmh tckoifcef;pm&JUtprSm a&;om; &Si;f jy


cJhwJh actionPerformed ( ) method yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'D
method( ) &JU Sample_Type udak wmh ta&SUrSm a&;jyay;
xm;ay;cJhjyD;om;yg/ 'Dawmh tJ'D actionPerformed ( )
method udk avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ vkdif;eHygwf (26)rSm
a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'D method [m tay:u ChangTitle ( ) method xJrmS a&;om;cJw
h hJ addActionListener
( ) method eJY qufET,faeygw,f/ 'Dawmh avhvmMu&
atmifvm;/ 'D method &JU Parameter_arguments
ae&mrSm ActionEvent udk evt vdYk Object_Name ay;jyD;
awmh xnhfoGif;xm;ygw,f/ a&;xm;wJh Code_ Line
awGukd avhvmMunhMf u&atmifvm;/ Object Source [m
evt.getSource ( ) method eJY nDw,f/ if wu,fvdkYrsm;
source [m b1 (JButton 1) eJY nDchJr,fqkd&if ay:&r,fh
Title pmom;[m RosencrantZ vkdY ay:ay;&ygr,f/
else if r[kwfcJh&ifawmh source [m b2 (JButton2) eJY
nDcJh&ifawmh ay:&r,fh setTitle [m
Guildenstern vkdY ay:ay;&ygr,f/
jyD;awmh tJ'DvdkrsKd; jyefjyD;awmh azmfjyay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf
repaint ( )method udk toH;k csay;xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
tJ'D code_line awGudk azmfjyay;EkdifzdkYtwGufobject source = evt.getSource( );
if (Source = = b1)
SetTitle ("Rosencrantz");
else if (Source = = b2)
SetTitle ("Guildenstern");
repaint ( );

vdkY a&;om;xm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh program [m


tckvuf&dS a&;om;xm;wJh actionPerformed ( ) method
xJu code_line awGtwkdif; Respond jyefay;rSmygyJ/
uJ program code_line awGudk Analysis vkyfjyD;oGm;
jyDqkdawmh uRefawmfwkdYtaeeJY vufawGUa&;om;jyD;awmh avh
vmMuwmayghaemf/ uJ t&ifq;kH code_line awGukd Notepad
xJrSm oGm;jyD;awmh a&;om;yg/ tJ'Dvkda&;om;yHkudk Figure
7.1 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

178

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Figure 7.1 Write the Program code_line in the


Notepad, ChangeTitle.java

uJ tck a &;om;azmf j yay;cJ h w J h code_line awG u d k


Notepad xJrSm azmfjyyg yHkpHtwkdif; a&;om;jyD;oGm;jyDqkd&if
awmh tJ'D Code_File udk pmzwfol[m C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin atmufrSm oGm;jyD;awmh save vkyfyg/ Save vkyf&r,fh
File_Name uawmh ChangeTitle.java qkdjyD; ay;&rSmygyJ/
Note : pmzwfol[m uRefawmfh&JU pmtkyfeJYtwl ygvmwJh
CD acGukd toH;k jyKr,fq&
dk ifawmh Chapter (6)Folder xJrmS
yg0ifvmwJh code_file awGtm;vHk;udk select vkyfjyD; copy
ul;,lvdkufyg/ jyD;awmh pmzwfol&JU computer xJu C:\
j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin atmufxJudk oGm;jyD;awmh paste cs
xm;vdkufHkygyJ/ tJ'Dtcgus&ifawmh Code_File awGudk a&;

om;p&m rvdkawmhbl;ayghaemf/
uJ jyD;&ifawmh pmzwfol[m Start Programs
Accessories Command Prompt udk zGifhvdkufyg/ tJ'D
txJrSm atmufyg command line eJY Directory path udk
change vkyv
f u
dk yf g/ 'grSom java compiler eJY Run vkyv
f Ykd
&EkdifrSmudk;/

uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin atmufxJudk


a&mufoGm;jyDqkdawmh atmufyg command awGeJY Compile
& Run vkyfMu&atmifvm;/
javac ChangeTitle.java
java ChangeTitle
tJ'Dvdk command_line awGeJY Compile & Run vkyfvdkufjyD
CD C:j2sdk 1.4.1._01\bin

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
qkd&ifawmh program udk wnfaqmufzefwD;ay;vdkufygjyD/
tJ'v
D rdk sKd; Compile & Run vkyx
f m;yHu
k kd Figure 7.2 taeeJY
a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/

Figure 7.4 Press the Rosencrantz Button, Change


the Title Text

uJ'gqk&d if tJ'D program xJrSm yg0ifwJh Guildenstern


qkdwJh JButton udk ESdyfvdkuf&ifa&m b,fvdkjzpfoGm;rvJ/ tJ'D
JButton rSmyg0ifwJh pmom;twkdif; Title Bar rSm yg0ifwJh
pmom;[m ajymif;vJoGm;rSmyg/
Figure 7.2 Compile & Run of the ChangeTitle.java

uJ Compile & Run vkyfvkdufwJh tcgrSm t&ifqHk;


azmfjyay;vmwmuawmh Figure 7.3 taeeJY azmfjyay;xm;wJh
Figure tkyfpkawGxJu (a) twkdif;ygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/
'DtcgrSm tJ'D Run aewJh ChangeTitle program rSm
Rosencrantz qkdwJh Button eJY Guildenstern qkdwJh Button awG yg0ifaewmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Figure 7.3 Running the ChangeTitle.java

uJ tckazmfjyxm;whJ program xJu Rosencrantz qdw


k hJ
JButton udk ESdyfvdkuf&if vuf&Sd Run aewJh program &JU
Title Bar rSm yg0ifwJh change the Title Bar Demo qkdwJh
pmom;tpm; JButton rSm yg0ifwJh Rosencrantz qkdwJh pm
om;tjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/ avhvm
Munhfyg/

Figure 7.5 Press the Guildenstern Button, To


Change the Title Text

uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh pmzwfol[m Listing 7.1 taeeJY a&;


om;azmfjyay;xm;wJh program [mqkd&if user udk Respond
ay;EkdifatmifvdkY actionPerformed ( ) method awGudk
toHk;csjyD;awmh ActionEvent awGeJY tqifajyatmif a&;
om; azmfjyay;xm;wmygyJ/ 'gaMumifh oifcef;pm&JU tpydik ;f u
aejyD;awmh pepfwus avhvmoif,lygvdkY tMuHPf ay;csif
ygw,f/ uJ user awmif;qdkwJhtwkdif; program uae Respones vkyfay;EkdifwJh Sample.program awGudk qufvuf
avhvmMu&atmifvm;/

KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf; (txuf)?
ausmufww
H m;jrKd eU ,f? &efuek /f
atmufwkdbm? 2008 179

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