I-HYRJE

ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I
I. HYRJE

Pjesa 1

1. Shprehjet racionale algjebrike

Prkufizimi 1.
Shprehja

p( x ) = a
xn+a
x n1

+ ... + a x + a ,
n
n1

10

ku a0 , a1 ,..., an jan numra real, x numr real, quhet polinom (real).

Prkufizimi 2.

Nse an 0, numri n quhet shkall e polinomit p( x). Simbolikisht shnohet

deg p( x ) = n.
N kt rast themi se polinomi p sht i shkalls s n t sipas x it.
Prkufizimi 3. Le t jen dhn polinomet

p( x ) = a
n

xn+a
x n1 + ... + a x + a

n1
1
0

q(x)=bxn+b
x n1 + ... + b x + b .

n1

1
0

Polinomet p ( x) dhe q ( x) jan identikisht t barabart ather dhe vetm ather kur

an = bn , an 1 = bn 1 ,..., a1 = b1 , a0 = b0 .

Pohimi Bezu. Gjat pjestimit t polinomit

p ( x)
me x a,
a = const, mbetja sht e barabart me
p( a). Nse mbetja p ( a) = 0, ather polinomi
p( x)
plotpjestohet me x a.

Detyra 1. sht dhn polinomi p ( x ) = 2 ax 3 5 ax 2

ax 6.

a) T caktohet parametri a ashtu q polinomi

p( x) t plotpjestohet me
x 1, dhe t

caktohet hersi n kt rast.

b) T caktohet parametri a ashtu q gjat pjestimit t polinomit p( x)

me ( x 1) t

merret mbetja -10.

Zgjidhja.

a) (2 ax 3 5 ax 2 ax 6) : ( x 1) = 2 ax 2 3ax 4a

2 ax 3 m 2ax2

3ax 2
ax 6

m3ax 2
3ax

4 ax 6

m4 ax 4a

6 4a

Pra r ( x ) = 6 4 a.

Duhet q mbetja t jet zero, pra 6 4 a = 0 a = 2 . Pr kt vler t a s merret hersi

3
2

3
=3x
2

9
x + 6.
2 ax
3ax 4 a = 2

x4

b) sht e qart se mbetja sht 6 4 a. Kushti sht q mbetja t jet 10.

Pra 6 4 a = 10 4 a = 10 + 6 a =1.

2
ANALIZA MATEMATIKE I

T thjeshtohen shprehjet racionale:

Detyra 2. a)

+
2x1+
3 x (2 x)

b)
2x+1
+
12x+

1
.

x 2 2 x 3

x4

x
2

x 12

x+1

x+3

Zgjidhja.
a)
x

2x1
+

3 x (2 x )

+
2x1
+

3 x (2 x)

=
x( x +1) + (2 x 1)( x 3) + 3 x (2 x)

x3
x+1
x2 2x3
x
3
x+1
( x + 1)( x 3)
( x + 1)( x 3)

x 2 + x + 2 x 2 6 x x + 3 + 3 x (2 x )
=
3 x 2 6 x + 3 + 6 x 3x 2
=

(x
+ 1)( x 3)

( x + 1)( x 3)

( x +1)( x 3)

b)

2x+1
+
12x
+

2x+1
+
12x
+

=
(2 x +1)( x + 3) + ( x 4)(1 2 x) +1

x4
x+3
x2
x 12
x4

x+3
( x 4)( x + 3)
( x 4)( x +3)

2x2

+ x + 6 x + 3 + x 2 x 2 4 + 8 x +1
=

16x

( x 4)( x + 3)

(x
4)( x +
3)

Detyra 3. a)
x2 + 2
3
1 3 x x2

x
+x
+1
2

x
1
3

Zgjidhja.
x2 +2
:
3
+
13xx2
=
x2 +
2
:
3
+
1 3 x x2

x
2

+x
+1

x
3

x
2

+x
+
1

( x 1)( x
2

+ x +1)

x1

x1

x2 + 2

3( x 2
+ x + 1) + 1 3 x x2
=

x2
+2

( x 1)( x 2
+ x + 1)

=
(x2
+ 2)( x 1)

x
2

+x
+1

( x 1)( x
2

+ x +1)

x
2

+x+
1
3x
2

+3x+3+13xx
2

2x
2

+4

=
( x 2 + 2)( x 1)
=
x 1
.

2( x2 + 2)

Detyra 4. a)
| x | +1

x2+|x|

b)
|x3
+1| + | x 1|
.

x2 1

x 2 + 2 | x | +1

x3 +x

Zgjidhja.

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