[COMM.

] S dng MODBUS trong iu khin t ng ha

S dng MODBUS cho iu khin v t ng ha qu trnh

MODBUS l mt protocol ph bin bc nht c s dng hin nay cho nhiu mc ch.
MODBUS n gin, r, ph bin v d s dng. c pht minh t th k trc (gn 30 nm
trc), cc nh cung cp thit b o v thit b t ng ha trong cng nghip tip tc h tr
MODBUS trong cc sn phm th h mi. Mc d cc b phn tch, lu lng k, hay PLC i
mi c giao din kt ni khng dy, Ethernet hay fieldbus, MODBUS vn l protocol m cc nh
cung cp la chn cho cc thit b th h c v mi.
Mt u im khc ca MODBUS l n c th chy hu nh trn tt c cc phng tin truyn
thng, trong c cng kt ni dy xon, khng dy, si quang, Ethernet, modem in thoi,
in thoi di ng v vi sng. C ngha l, kt ni MODBUS c th c thit lp trong nh my
th h mi hay hin ti kh d dng. Thc ra, nng cao ng dng cho MODBUS l cung cp
truyn thng s trong nh my i c, s dng kt ni dy xon hin nay.
Trong bi vit ny, chng ta cng tm hiu cch thc hot ng ca MODBUS v xem xt mt s
phng php thng minh m MODBUS c th c s dng trong cc nh my.
MODBUS l g?
MODBUS do Modicon (hin nay thuc Schneider Electric) pht trin nm 1979, l mt phng
tin truyn thng vi nhiu thit b thng qua mt cp dy xon n. Ban u, n hot ng trn
RS232, nhng sau n s dng cho c RS485 t tc cao hn, khong cch di hn, v
mng a im (multi-drop). MODBUS nhanh chng tr thnh tiu chun thng dng trong
ngnh t ng ha, v Modicon cho ra mt cng chng nh mt protocol min ph.
Ngy nay, MODBUS-IDA (www.MODBUS.org) , t chc s dng v cung cp MODBUS ln nht
tip tc h tr protocol MODBUS trn ton cu.
MODBUS l mt h thng ch - t, ch c kt ni vi mt hay nhiu t. Ch thng l
mt PLC, PC, DCS, hay RTU. T MODBUS RTU thng l cc thit b hin trng, tt c
c kt ni vi mng trong cu hnh multi-drop (hnh1). Khi mt ch MODBUS RTU mun c
thng tin t thit b, ch s gi mt thng ip v d liu cn, tm tt d li ti a ch thit b.
Mi thit b khc trn mng s nhn thng ip ny nhng ch c thit b no c ch nh mi
c phn ng.

Hnh 1: Mt mng MODBUS RTU c mt ch, nh PLC, PC, DCS v 247 thit b t c kt ni
trong cu hnh multi-drop.
Cc thit b trn mng MODBUS khng th to ra kt ni; chng ch c th phn ng. Ni cch
khc, chng ln ting ch khi c ni ti. Mt s nh sn xut ang pht trin cc thit b lai

ghp hot ng nh cc t MODBUS, tuy nhin chng cng c kh nng vit, do lm cho
chng tr thnh cc thit b ch o.
Ba phin bn MODBUS ph bin nht c s dng ngy nay l:
- MODBUS ASCII
- MODBUS RTU
- MODBUS/TCP
Tt c thng ip c gi di cng mt format. S khc nhau duy nht gia 3 loi MODBUS
l cch thc thng ip c m ha.
Vi MODBUS ASCII, mi thng ip c m ha bng hexadeci-mal, s dng c tnh ASCII 4
bit. i vi mi mt byte thng tin, cn c 2 byte truyn thng, gp i so vi MODBUS RTU hay
MODBUS/TCP.
Tuy nhin, MODBUS ASC II chm nht trong s 3 loi protocol, nhng li thch hp khi modem
in thoi hay kt ni s dng sng radio do ASC II s dng cc tnh nng phn nh thng ip.
Do tnh nng phn nh ny, mi rc ri trong phng tin truyn dn s khng lm thit b nhn
dch sai thng tin. iu ny quan trng khi cp n cc modem chm, in thoi di ng, kt
ni n hay cc phng tin truyn thng kh tnh khc.
i vi MODBUS RTU, d liu c m ha theo h nh phn, v ch cn mt byte truyn thng
cho mt byte d liu. y l thit b l tng i vi RS 232 hay mng RS485 a im, tc t
1200 n 115 baud. Tc ph bin nht l 9600 n 19200 baud. MODBUS RTU l protocol
cng nghip c s dng rng ri nht, do hu nh trong bi vit ny ch tp trung cp
n c s v ng dng ca n.
MODBUS/TCP n gin l MODBUS qua Ethernet. Thay v s dng thit b ny cho vic kt ni
vi cc thit b t, do cc a ch IP c s dng. Vi MODBUS/TCP, d liu MODBUS
c tm lc n gin trong mt gi TCP/IP. Do , bt c mng Ethernet h tr MODBUS/ IP
s ngay lp tc h tr MODBUS/TCP. Phin bn MODBUS ny s c cp chi tit trong bi
vit ln sau vi tiu MODBUS qua Ethernet.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca MODBUS RTU
kt ni vi thit b t, ch s gi mt thng ip c:
- a ch thit b
- M chc nng
- D liu
- Kim tra li
a ch thit b l mt con s t 0 n 247. Thng ip c gi ti a ch 0 (truyn thng ip)
c th dc tt c cc t chp nhn, nhng cc con s t 1-247 l cc a ch ca cc thit b c
th. Vi ngoi l ca vic truyn thng ip, mt thit b t lun phn ng vi mt thng ip
MODBUS do ch s bit rng thng ip c nhn.
Yu cu M chc nng
01
c cun cm
02
c u ra ri rc
03
c b ghi phn
04
c b ghi u vo
05
Vit cun cm n
06
Vit b ghi n
07
c trng thi ngoi l
08
Chn on
...
...

xx

255 m chc nng, ph thuc vo thit b

Hnh 2. Cc m chc nng

M chc nng xc nh yu cu thit b t thc hin hot ng nh c d liu, chp nhn d

liu, thng bo trng thi vv. (hnh 2)
M chc nng l t 1 255. Mt s m chc nng cn c cc m chc nng ph.
D liu xc nh a ch trong b nh thit b hay cha cc gi tr d liu c vit trong b nh

thit b, hay cha cc thng tin cn thit khc mang chc nng nh yu cu.
Kim tra li l mt gi tr bng s 16 bit biu din kim tra d phng tun hon (CRC). CRC
c thit b ch to ra v thit b tip nhn kim tra. Nu gi tr CRC khng tha mn, thit b
i hi truyn li thng ip ny.
Khi thit b t thc hin cc chc nng theo yu cu, n s gi thng ip cho ch. Thng ip
cha a ch ca t v m chc nng, d liu theo yu cu, v mt gi tr kim tra li.
Bn b nh MOSBOUS
Mi thit b MODBUS c b nh cha d liu qu trnh. Thng s k thut ca MODBUS ch ra
cch d liu c gi ra nh th no, loi d liu no c th c gi ra. Tuy nhin, khng t
ra gii hn v cch thc v v tr m nh cung cp t d liu trong b nh. Di y l v d v
cch thc m nh cung cp t cc loi d liu bin thin qu trnh hp l.
Cc u vo v cun cm ri rc c gi tr 1 bit, mi mt thit b li c mt a ch c th. Cc
u vo analog (b ghi u vo) c lu trong b ghi 16 bit. Bng cch s dng 2 b ghi ny,
MODBUS c th h tr format im floating (ni) IEEE 32 bit. B ghi Holding cng s dng cc
b ghi bn trong 16 bit h tr im floating.
a ch
Loi
Tn
1 - 9999
c hoc vit
Cun cm
10001 - 19999
Ch c
u vo ri rc
30001 - 39999
Ch c
B ghi u vo
40001 - 49999
c hoc vit
B ghi Holding
Hnh 3: Hng dn x dng ca hu ht cc thit b tng thch MODBUS nh b truyn nhit
TMZ ca Moore Industries, cng b a ch ca cc ch s bin thin quan trng trong b nh
MODBUS. a ch TMZ tun theo cc thng s k thut ca MODBUS.
D liu trong b nh c xc nh trong thng s k thut MODBUS. Gi s rng nh cung
cp tun theo tiu chun k thut MODBUS (khng phi tt c), mi d liu c th c truy cp
d dng bi ch, thit b tun theo cc thng s k thut. trong nhiu trng hp, nh cung cp
thit b cng b v tr ca b nh, tao iu kin cho nhn vin lp trnh d dng kt ni vi
thit b t.
c v vit d liu
MODBUS c ti 255 m chc nng, nhng 1 (cun cm c), 2 (u vo ri rc c), 3 (b ghi
Holding c), v 4 (b ghi u vo c) l cc chc nng c c s dng ph bin nht
thu thp d liu t cc thit b t. Th d, c 3 t 16 bit d liu analog t bn b nh ca
thit b 5, ch s gi mt yu cu nh sau:
5 04 2 3 CRC
Trong , 5 l a ch thit b, 4 c b ghi u vo, 2 l a ch khi u (a ch 30,002). 3 c
ngha l c 3 gi tr d liu k nhau xut pht t i ch 30,002, v CRC l gi tr kim tra li
thng ip ny. Thit b t, ngoi vic nhn d liu ny, s gi li mt tr li nh sau:
5 04 aa bb cc CRC

Hnh 4: Kt ni dy home run so vi MODBUS

Trong hu ht cc nh my, cc thit b o hin trng kt ni vi h thng iu khin vi tng
cp dy xon home run (di). Khi cc cng c o c kt ni dy vi h thng I/O phn tn
nh NCS ca Moore Industries (gia), c nhiu thit b s c b sung, nhng ch c mt cp
dy xon n cn truyn tt c d l