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0.4 #O_ 0.5m


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ii) CD + QH
: HO@~ +_ QH (CD+G) XH `H"# CD; P_ ` @ nx QH

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WO` =K~x `OQ ~ K _O JO` " # k H^. HOH _ u 16 a@ OH `


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@O 33.6 HOH _
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33.3 HOH _ =i DVD (_l@ g_ _ )


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33.3.3 g_ _ ~H, g_
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a)

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b)

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c)

PH _l@ g_ _ (DVD)
PH g_ _ \H# XH [~ HOuO[O K^ =`Ok.

q<^`H ~OQO ` , K =K~ J#=~< , i= "_ PH _ ~\ K


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(encoded) ~_O [~Q`Ok. D _ ~ l H \ 1010 =i1011 a\ =^ LO@Ok.
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WC_# P_ CD =i CD - ROM(HOH _ s_Fh ""s)


~ x >Hr< H` DVD
" "_`<~.
g_ _ =i CD- ROM ~ O_O\H xH =K@Q XH DVD =}Hx Ja=$k
K _xH `O [iyOk.D ~A# CD-ROM _ 650 MB =K~x ~ K QQ`~.
(1MB 106 \ )

33.3.4 g_ _
~
g_ _
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KQ_.

g_ _
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PH g_ _ # ^x HOk Q# LOz# [~ [#HO #O_ =z# HOuO[O K^ =`Ok
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143

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XH H` `~O [~# L yO k.

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\ HOuO*x H OnHiOK=K. CD g^ iH~O L# \H =~ 6H.g LO_ 780
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LO@Ok. D ^~x \H K JO\~.
H` DVD "\ \H _= =~ 11 km LO_ 4.7 wQ \ XH" =K~x ~
K QeQ =~ O Hey LO@<~. g\ XH" 133 xq K#z`# ~ K =K.
INTER (APOSS) 312

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JO`HH J``= <}` Q x ~ K QQ_O DVD ` H`. DVD J^#


=K~xH `y#O`Q O LO@Ok. D J^# H~ O = qq^ +, LjiH ` \H#
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33.3.6 H~ JH~ - g_ _
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iH~_ _ JO^@ L<~.

33.3.7 iH~ K Q CD
=K~O Un iH~ K |_H MmQ LO_ CD WC_ ` = ^~ H JO^@ LO@<~.
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K =K. J _ (ultra -speed) (16x #O_ 24x _) =i 32x ~ @
_ Q CD-RW
_ a < ~.

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~O x
33.3
1.

DVD ^x

qi OKO_?

.............................................................................................................
2. _l@ PH _ #, HO\H =i PH _ (J#Q) HO> JkHO Q ZO^ H~O\~?
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3.

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4. HOH P_ _ =i DVD ` H q=~# O_?
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2. HOH _ # L yOK_x =iOKO_.
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Z `yO|_`~?
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CD =i DVD

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# ZOH K H<C _ UU H}
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11. HOH _ # Z ` ~K~ ?


12. a\ (Bit) # x~zOKO_? _ # Zx a\ P_ # O* e (encoded) iH~ K~ ?
13.

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14.

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16. P_| # <(audible frequency) " (range) Uq\?
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18. ~ O_ ~H KOk# g_ _ ~# ~O_.


19. g_ _ g^ J#Q HO> _l@ iHiOQ ZO^= += ?
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20. H` g_ _
~ (DVD) L yOK [~, =i P [~ `~O Q ^~ #
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21. D ~A O J CD-ROM _ ~ K Qy# =K~ i=}x `O_.

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INTER (APOSS) 312

uHG= Vol. III

iv)

~ O_ " iHiOQ

150

SENIOR SECONDARY COURSE

uHO

q^i H J< " O\ 9(a)


=O : 11/2 QO@

Qi+ =~ : 50

K#

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(5)

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