I HC KHOA HC T NHIN I HC QUC GIA TP H CH MINH

CH S A DNG SINH HC
CH S SHANNON

Nhm mn hc:
V on Trc Dn 0617014
L Th Thanh Phc 0617059
Nguyn Ho Quang 0617062
Trn Th Thanh Thy 0617080
Trn Th Cm T 0617092

4/12/2009
Ch s a dng sinh hc
Ch s Shannon
1. Ch s a dng sinh hc

1.1. nh ngha

Mt ch s a dng l mt cng thc o lng s a dng loi trong mt qun x. Nhng

ch s a dng cung cp nhiu thng tin v cu trc qun x hn l ch n gin l s phong
ph v loi (nh l s loi c mt), nm gi tng i nhiu nhng loi khc nhau trong vic
tnh ton.

Nhng ch s a dng cung cp nhiu thng tin quan trng v s qu him v tnh cht
chung ca nhng loi trong mt qun x. Kh nng xc nh s lng a dng trong cch
ny l mt cng c quan trng cho cc nh sinh hc ang c gng hiu v cu trc qun x.

1.2. Cc ch s a dng sinh hc

Cc ch s dng trong nh gi a dng sinh hc: a dng loi, log Alpha, log-Normal
Lambda, ch s Simpson, McIntosh, Berger-Parker, ch s Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin

Trong , nhng cch tnh thng thng nht v a dng sinh hc l a dng loi, ch s
Simpson v ch s Shannon.

a dng loi (S): l tng

s sinh vt khac nhau hin
din.
y l cch tnh n gin nht v
a dng sinh hc. Tuy nhin, cch tnh ny khng xc nh c mt phn b hay t
chc trong nhng loi c th .

Ch s Simpson (D): mt cch tnh c phong ph v t l (%) ca mi loi l ch s a

dng sinh hc Simpson. y l cng c hu ch cho cc nh sinh thi v sinh vt trn cn
v sng trong nc trong nhiu nm v s gip chng ta hiu cc d liu s ca sinh vt v
kiu sinh sng mt mi trng c th.

2. Ch s Shannon

2.1. nh ngha

Ch s Shannon, i khi c gi l ch s Shannon-Wiener hay ch s Shannon-Weaver, l

mt cch o lng ca cc nh sinh thi hc khi h thng bao gm nhiu c th m mi c th
c nhn dng v kim nh. Vi mt mu nh, ch s ny l t s ca s lng ca mt loi
vi cc gi tr ca loi (nh l sinh khi, hay s sn xut) trong qun x hay chui thc n.

Cch tnh ny n t thuyt thng tin v tnh ton s sp xp (hay khng sp xp) ca mt
k s in t v nh ton hc ngi M Claude Shannon (30/4/1916 24/2/2001) c bit ti
l cha ca thuyt thng tin. Ch s Shannon ln u tin c a ra trong thuyt thng tin
ca Claude Shannon nm 1948. Trong nghin cu sinh thi hc, s sp xp ny c c trng
bi s lng c th quan st c ca mi loi trong vng mu.
 Cc tn gi khc ca ch s Shannon l Shannon-Wiener hay Shannon-Weaver l cch gi
sai. Warren Weaver hay Nobert Wiener thng c coi l ng tc gi vi thuyt thng tin
ca Shannon. Tuy nhin y u l nhng hiu lm. Tn ng ca ch s ny l ch s
Shannon ( Shannon index).

2.2. Cch tnh

Cc bc tinh
:

1. Chia s ca th N1 cua loai s 1 cho tng

s ca th cua
tt ca cac loai. o la Pi.
2. Tnh ln(P1) hoc log(P1) c s 2.
3. lai bc o cho tt ca nhng loai khac ma ban
Lp co. Loai cui cung
la loai th S.
4. Tnh tng - (Pi * ln[Pi]) hoc - (Pi * log[Pi]) vi s loi l S, kt qua nhn c l gia tri H ch
s a dng Shannon.
Cng thc tnh:

hoc

H = chi s a dang
Shannon.

Pi = t l cua
mt loi i trn toan
b qun x

S = s loai m
c

t loai 1 n
= tng loai S

V d: cch tnh ch s H

Loi chim Ni Pi ln Pi - (Pi * ln Pi)

Chim b cu 96 0.96 -0.041 0.039

Chim c o 1 0.01 -4.61 0.046

Chim sao 1 0.01 -4.61 0.046

Qua 1 0.01 -4.61 0.046

Chim se 1 0.01 -4.61 0.046

Tng 100 0.223

Ch s Shannon: H = 0.039 + 0.046 + 0.046 + 0.046 + 0.046 = 0.223

2.3. Ch s cn bng Shannon

 Mt cch o khc ca ch s Shannon c "S" s loi c trong mu th, v E l mc ngang
bng cho cc loi ny.

Cng thc tnh E:

E = H / Hmax

E = H / ln (S) hoc E= H / log(S)

E lun nm trong khong 0 1.

Nu E = 1, cc loi u bnhng trong mi trng sng hin ti.

2.4. V d

Mt v d c th: tnh ch s Shannon trn 3 mu sinh vt.

Mu I

Loi S c th Pi ln(pi) pi*ln(i)

A 24 0.44 -0.81 -0.36

B 20 0.37 -0.99 -0.37

C 7 0.13 -2.04 -0.26

D 3 0.06 -2.89 -0.16

Tng 54 1 H= 1.15

Mu II

A 48 0.44 -0.81 -0.36

B 40 0.37 -0.99 -0.37

C 14 0.13 -2.04 -0.26

D 6 0.06 -2.89 -0.16

Tng 108 1 H= 1.15

Mu III

A 24 0.41 -0.88 -0.37

 B 20 0.34 -1.06 -0.37

C 7 0.12 -2.11 -0.26

D 3 0.05 -2.96 -0.15

E 3 0.05 -2.96 -0.15

F 1 0.02 -4.06 -0.07

Tng 58 1 H= 1.36

2.5. Nhn xt

- C th thy rng i vi bt k s lng cho cc loi, c mt gi tr ti a c th ca H:

H max = lnS xy ra khi tt c cc loi ang tn ti vi s lng bng nhau.

- Ch s ny khng bin i theo kch thc mu, nhng bin i vi t l cc loi thm
vo mu . C nhiu loi trong mt qun x, gi tr H s cao.

Qun x A vi chi mt loai se co mt gia tri H = 0 vi P i se bng

1 va khi c nhn vi ln Pi
(ln Pi = 0).

- Nu cac loai phn b ngang bng nhau, gia tri H se cao. Vi vy t gia tri H c khng chi
bit s loai ma con
bit c s giau co cua
loai c phn b trong s tt ca nhng loai trong
qun x.

- Nh vy, gi tr H cao l s kt hp ca s a dng v loi v s cn bng s lng

gia cc loi.

2.6. ng dng ch s Shannon

- Ch s Shannon c s dng so snh s a dng gia cc mu mi trng sng; so

snh gia hai mi trng sng khc nhau; hoc so snh trong mt mi trng sng theo
thi gian thy s thay i a dng sinh hc.

- Ch s Shannon ch ra mc nhim trong mi trng thy vc:

H<1 rt nhim bn (polysaprobic)

H12 nhim bn va mc ( mesosaprobic)

H2-3 nhim bn va mc ( mesosaprobic)

H 3 - 4.5 nhim bn nh (oligosaprobic)

Ti liu tham kho

1. Qun l cht lng mi trng, Nguyn Th Vn H, Nh xut bn H quc gia, 2007

2. Ti liu internet

A new phylogenetic diversity measure generalizing the Shannon index and its application to
Phyllostomid Bats, Benjamin Allen et al., 2009

Choosing between diversity indices, James A. Danoff-Burg, Department of Ecology,

Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 2003.

http://vi.wikipedia.org

http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~mbeals/shannonDI.html

http://www.rewhc.org/biomeasures.shtml

http://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/

http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Shannon-index