tbrbsUwfmpt!ufrojlvsj!vojwfstjufuj!

!
! kompiuteruli sistemebis awyoba, modernizeba da servisi.
! saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi: ,,teqnikuri universiteti~.
! 2009w. 132 gv.

b/!cfobTwjmj!
lpnqjvufsvmj!tjtufnfcjt!bxzpcb-!
npefsoj{fcb!eb!tfswjtj!
naSromSi warmodgenilia personaluri kompiuteris
mowyobilobebi, maTi standartebi, maxasiaTeblebi, muSa-
obis principebi. ganxilulia kompiuteris sxvadasxva kom-
ponentebis konfigurirebis da CarTvis, kompiuteruli
sistemebis awyobis, modernizebis da servisis sakiTxebi.
saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia saqarTvelos teqni-
kuri universitetis informatikisa da marTvis sistemebis
fakultetis 2201 `kompiuteruli sistemebi da qselebi~
mimarTulebis studentebisa da magistrebisaTvis.

recenzenti
t.m.d. profesori l. imnaiSvili

sagamomcemlo saxli ,,teqnikuri universiteti~, 2009

ISBN 978-9941-14-274-1

aufrojlvsj!vojwfstjufuj!

2
 Sinaarsi 5.4. Setana-gamotanis portebi . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.5. korpusis Sasize sistemuri
Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 platis dayeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Tavi I winaswari momzadeba kompiuteris Tavi VI diskuri mowyobilobebis CarTva . . . . 79
awyobisaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.1. personaluri kompiuteris
1.1. kompiuteris ZiriTadi komponentebi . . . 8 standartuli diskuri mowyobilobebi . 79
1.2. komponentebis montaJis Tanmimdevroba . 20 6.2. diskuri mowyobilobebis dayeneba
1.3. Tanamedrove form-faqtorebi . . . . . . . . 21 da konfigurireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Tavi II kompiuterSi procesoris dayeneba . . . 24 6.3. Sleifebis standartebi . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.1. `boqsirebuli~ da OEM procesorebi . . . 24 Tavi VII adapterebis dayeneba kompiuterSi . . . 101
2.2. sistemur plataze procesoris dayeneba 27 7.1. videoadapteri da monitori . . . . . . . . . 101
Tavi III kompiuteris gagrileba . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.2. audiokontroleri da akustikuri
3.1. pasiuri da aqtiuri Tboamrineblebi . . . 31 sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3.2. Termointerfeisi da Termopasta . . . . . . 35 7.3. grafikuli adapteris dayeneba . . . . . . . 105
3.3. procesorze Termopastis datana . . . . . 41 7.4. sxva plata-adapterebis dayeneba . . . . . . 112
3.4. frialas dayeneba da CarTva . . . . . . . . . 43 Tavi VIII kvebis CarTva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Tavi IV operatiuli mexsierebis 8.1. sistemuri platis kvebaSi CarTva . . . . . 114
modulebis dayeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 8.2. diskuri mowyobilobebis kvebaSi CarTva 118
4.1. operatiuli mexsierebis modulebis Tavi IX periferiuli mowyobilobebis
standartebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 SeerTeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.2. sistemur plataze operatiuli 9.1. gasarTebi periferiuli
mexsierebis modulebis dayeneba . . . . . . 54 mowyobilobebis SeerTebisTvis . . . . . . 121
Tavi V kompiuterSi sistemuri platis 9.2. klaviaturis da mausis SeerTeba . . . . . 123
dayeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 9.3. sxva mowyobilobebis SeerTeba . . . . . . . 127
5.1. sistemuri platebis standartebi . . . . . 58 Tavi X kompiuteris CarTvis dros xSirad
5.2. sistemuri platis mikrosqemaTa warmoqmnili problemebi da maTi
krebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 gadaWris gzebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5.3. sistemuri platis BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

3 4
 Sesavali
gamoTvliTi teqnikis ganviTarebasTan erTad
gamoCnda axali, wina Taobebis eleqtronul-gamom-
Tvlel manqanebTan (egm) SedarebiT bevrad ufro
mZlavri da mcire zomis egm-ebi, romelTac per-
sonaluri kompiuterebi ewodaT.
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia personaluri
kompiuteris aparatura, misi struqtura da mowyo-
bilobebi (sistemuri plata, procesori, mexsiereba,
kvebis bloki, diskuri mowyobilobebi, video, audio,
qseluri kontrolerebi da a.S).
warmodgenili sakiTxebis Seswavlis Semdeg
studenti SeZlebs iseTi operaciebis Sesrulebas,
rogorebicaa:
mikrosqemebis, platebis, kvebis blokis, diskuri
mowyobilobebis dayeneba;
personaluri kompiuteris awyoba, konfigurireba
da sarealizaciod momzadeba;
personaluri kompiuteris gadawyoba Tanamedrove
moTxovnebidan da momxmareblis winaSe dasmuli
teqnikuri amocanidan gamomdinare;
personalur kompiuterTan periferiuli mowyobi-
lobebis dakavSireba.
warmodgenili sakiTxebis maRal doneze codna
gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria Semdegi faqtorebis gamo:
aparaturuli TvalsazrisiT personaluri kompi-
uteri warmoadgens ara erTian mowyobilobas,
aramed calkeuli komponentebis krebuls. kompi-
5 6
uteris awyobisas mowyobilobebis da maTi maxa-
siaTeblebis SerCeva xdeba im amocanebidan gamom-
dinare, romelic personalurma kompiuterma muSa-
obis procesSi unda Seasrulos. aqedan gamom-
dinare, personaluri kompiuteris awyoba xdeba
individualurad.
Tanamedrove personalur kompiuterSi realize-
bulia `urTierTSeTavsebadobis principi qvemodan
zemoT~, rac saSualebas iZleva kompiuterSi
SedarebiT moZvelebuli mowyobilobebis nacvlad
dayenebuli iqnas ufro Tanamedrove da maRali
SesaZleblobebis mqone igive daniSnulebis mow-
yobilobebi. specialistma unda SeZlos kompiute-
ris gadawyoba axali moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
dResdReobiT kompiuteruli teqnika gamoiyeneba
mecnierebisa da teqnikis yvela sferoSi, kavSir-
gabmulobaSi, audio da videoteqnikaSi, televi-
ziaSi da a.S. specialistma unda SeZlos saWiro
kontrolerebis dayeneba kompiuterSi da maTTan
Sesabamisi periferiuli mowyobilobebis dakavSi-
reba.
studentebi agreTve gaecnobian uaxles ten-
denciebs kompiuteris aparaturuli uzrunvelyofis
ganviTarebis sferoSi, rac maT saSualebas miscems
momavalSi swrafad da advilad aiTvison uaxlesi
kompiuteruli teqnologiebi.
 Tavi I vinCesteri;
winaswari momzadeba kompiuteris CD/DVD damgrovebeli;
awyobisaTvis klaviatura da mausi;
videoadapteri da monitori;
kompiuteris awyobis dawyebamde samuSao adgi-
audiokontroleri da akustikuri sistema;
li da aucilebeli instrumentebi unda movamzadoT.
frialebi da radiatorebi;
samuSao adgilad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas sawe-
kabelebi;
ri magida, romelzedac sakmarisi adgilia imisaTvis,
raTa kompiuteris korpusi, masSi dasayenebeli mow- damatebiTi komponentebi (xraxnebi, samagri ele-
yobilobebi da detalebi ganvaTavsoT. damatebiT mentebi);
dagvWirdeba:
saxraxnisi jvaredini da Cveulebrivi boloTi
(umjobesia saxraxnisebis nakrebi viqonioT, raTa 1.1. kompiuteris ZiriTadi komponentebi
SevZloT Sesabamisi saxraxnisis SerCeva konkre-
tuli xraxnebisa Tu SurupebisTvis); procesori
procesori (nax. 1.1), anu centraluri proce-
qila SurupebisTvis, xraxnebisaTvis da sxva sa-
sori (Central Processor Unit - CPU) sistemur plataze
magri elementebisaTvis;
yendeba da kompiuteris `birTvs~ warmoadgens. pro-
pinceti;
cesori ZiriTad gamomTvlel operaciebs asrulebs
mcire zomis kardoni deda platis mosaTavseb- kompiuterSi.
lad.
kompiuteris awyoba, rogorc wesi, xdeba qve-
moT CamoTvlili komponentebis safuZvelze:
korpusi kvebis blokiT;
sistemuri plata;
procesori TboamrinebliT;
operatiuli mexsiereba;
drekad diskebze damgrovebeli;
nax. 1.1. procesori

7 8
sistemuri plata
sistemuri plata (nax. 1.2.) kompiuteris Ziri-
Tad elements warmoadgens, romelzedac yendeba da
romelsac urTdeba kompiuteris yvela komponenti.

nax. 1.3. ZiriTadi operatiuli mexsierebis modulebi

gare mexsiereba (damgroveblebi)

personaluri kompiuteris standartul kon-
figuracias Semdegi tipis damgroveblebi miekuT-
vneba:
nax. 1.2. sistemuri plata drekadi diskuri mowyobiloba _ FDD (Floppy Disk
Drive);
operatiuli mexsiereba
sistemis mexsierebas xSirad uwodeben ope-
vinCesteri, anu xisti diskuri mowyobiloba _
HDD (Hard Disk Drive);
ratiul mexsierebas, an mexsierebas nebismieri miR-
weviT (Random Access Memory - RAM). operatiul mex- kompaqt-diskuri mowyobilobebi _ CDD (Compact-
siereba kvebaze damokidebuli mexsierebaa, romelSic Disk Drives);
is programebi da monacemebi iwereba, romlebic
procesoris mier muSavdeba. nax. 1.3-ze warmodgenilia
kompiuteris sistemur plataze dayenebuli ZiriTadi
operatiuli mexsierebis modulebi.

9 10
drekadi diskuri mowyobiloba
drekadi diskuri mowyobiloba (Floppy Disk Drive
- FDD) gamoyenebaSi martivia, iafia da samuSaod mox-
snad matareblebs _ drekad diskebs iyenebs (nax. 1.4).
nax. 1.4. drekadi diskuri mowyobiloba
vinCesteri
vinCesteri (nax. 1.5), anu xisti diskuri mowyo-
biloba (Hard Disk Drive _ HDD) personalur kom-
piuterSi informaciis ZiriTadi matarebelia. vinCes-
teri didi tevadobiT, maRali swrafqmedebiT da sa-
imedobiT gamoirCeva. programebis da monacemebis
umetesoba vinCesterSi iwereba.
nax. 1.5. vinCesteri
11
kompaqt-diskuri mowyobiloba
kompaqt-diskuri (CD) mowyobiloba (nax. 1.6)
warmoadgens damgrovebels moxsnadi matareblebiT
(diskebiT), romelzedac informaciis Cawera/wakiTxva
optikuri teqnologiis safuZvelze sruldeba. kom-
paqt-diskebs drekad diskebTan SedarebiT bevrad
meti sainformacio tevadoba gaaCniaT.
nax. 1.6. kompaqt-diskuri mowyobiloba
salteebi
kompiuteris sxvadasxva blokebs, kompiutersa
da periferiul mowyobilobebs Soris monacemebis
gacvla interfeisebis saSualebiT sruldeba.
termini `interfeisi~ aRniSnavs mowyobilobis
sxvadasxva maxasiaTeblebis erTobliobas, romlebic
massa da sxva mowyobilobebs Soris informaciis
12
gacvlis organizacias gansazRvraven. aseTi maxasi- kontrolerebi
aTeblebia: eleqtruli da droiTi parametrebi, interfeisebis SeuTavseblobis SemTxvevaSi
mmarTveli signalebis krebuli, monacemTa gacvlis (mag. sistemuri saltis da vinCesteris interfeisebi),
protokolebi, SeerTebis konstruqciuli Tavisebure- kontrolerebi gamoiyeneba.
bebi da a. S.
interfeisiT monacemTa gacvla signalebis sa- videokontroleri
SualebiT xorcieldeba. signalebis gadacema xdeba videokontroleri (nax. 1.8) aformirebs gamosa-
eleqtruli (an optikuri) xazebiT, romelTac inter- xulebas da marTavs informaciis monitorze gamo-
feisis xazebi ewodebaT. xazebis erTobliobas, rom- saxvis process.
lebic dajgufebulni arian funqcionaluri daniS-
nulebis mixedviT, interfeisis salte ewodeba.

portebi
porti saltis iseT tips warmoadgens, romlis
saSualebiTac kompiuters uSualod ukavSirdeba pe-
riferiuli mowyobiloba. nax. 1.7-ze warmodgenilia
sistemur plataze damontaJebuli portebi.

PS2 Mouse EPP/ECP RJ-45 LAN

Connector Parallel Port Connector

nax. 1.8. videokontroleri

audiokontroleri
audiokontroleri (nax. 1.9) axdens `rTuli~
xmebis generirebas. mas audiosistemis sxvadasxva
PS2 Keyboard COM 1 Port VGA USB Connectors Audio
Connectors komponentebi ukavSirdeba.
Connector Connector

nax. 1.7. portebi

13 14
 qseluri kontroleri
qseluri kontroleris (NIC Network Interface
Card) (nax. 1.11) saSualebiT kompiuteri kompiuterul
qsels ukavSirdeba.

nax. 1.9. audiokontroleri

modemi
modemis (nax. 1.10) saSualebiT kompiuteri sate-
lefono xazs ukavSirdeba. umetesad internetSi Car- nax. 1.11. qseluri kontroleri
TvisTvis gamoiyeneba.
videokontroleri, audiokontroleri, modemi
da qseluri kontroleri plata-adapterebs warmoad-
genen, romlebic sistemur plataze yendebian.
arsebobs iseTi sistemuri platebic, romlebsac `Ca-
Senebuli~ kontrolerebi gaaCniaT. am SemTxvevaSi
sistemis Rirebuleba mkveTrad mcirdeba. Tumca unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom plata-adapterebis (gansakuT-
rebiT videokontroleris da audiokontroleris)
xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi `CaSenebuli~ kontro-
lerebis analogiur maCveneblebs mkveTrad aRemateba.

nax. 1.10. modemi

15 16
korpusi
korpusSi (Case) (nax. 1.12) Tavsdeba sistemuri
plata, kvebis bloki, diskuri mowyobilobebi da
plata-adapterebi, romlebic konkretuli periferi-
uli mowyobilobebis marTvas axorcieleben.
nax. 1.12. kompiuteris korpusi
kvebis bloki
kvebis bloki (nax. 1.13) gamoimuSavebs samuSao
Zabvebs, romlebic kompiuteris sxvadasxva komponen-
tebs miewodeba.
nax. 1.13. kvebis bloki
17
klaviatura
klaviatura (nax. 1.14) kompiuterSi informaciis
standartuli Semyvani mowyobilobaa. kompiuteruli
teqnikis ganviTarebis ganmavlobaSi mxolod mcire
cvlilebebi ganicada.
nax. 1.14. klaviatura
`mausi~
`mausi~ (nax. 1.15) ekranze kursoris pozicioni-
rebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa. grafikuli garsebis
gavrcelebasTan erTad igi kompiuteris standar-
tuli konfiguraciis ganuyofel nawilad iqca.
nax. 1.15. `mausi~
sxva tipis manipulatorebis gamoSvebis mi-
uxedavad `mausis~ dominirebadi roli ar Secvlila.
umetesad optikuri da optikur-meqanikuri `mausebi~
gamoiyeneba.
18
 kompiuteris awyoba umjobesia sistemur pla- 1.2. komponentebis montaJis Tanmimdevroba
taze procesoris, frialis da operatiuli mexsi-
erebis modulebis dayenebiT daviwyoT. rasakvir- kompiuteris awyoba SeiZleba pirobiTad ram-
velia, SesaZlebelia jer sistemuri platis kor- denime etapad daiyos:
pusSi damagreba da mxolod amis Semdeg masze pro- sistemur plataze procesoris, frialis da ope-
cesoris dayeneba, magram am SemTxvevaSi procesorze ratiuli mexsierebis modulebis dayeneba;
frialis dayeneba rTuldeba. Tumca Intel oficialu- sistemuri platis montaJi;
rad jer sistemuri platis, xolo amis Semdeg pro- sistemuri platis dayeneba kompiuteris korpusSi;
cesoris, frialis da operatiuli mexsierebis mo- xisti, drekadi da CD-diskuri damgroveblebis
dulebis dayenebis rekomendacias iZleva. Intel-is dayeneba;
ganmartebiT dayenebis mocemuli Tanmimdevroba sa- videoplatis da sxva kontrolerebis dayeneba;
Sualebas mogvcems sistemuri platis meqanikuri kvebis CarTva da kompiuteris vargisianobis sa-
dazianebebi aviciloT Tavidan. erTo Semowmeba.
amrigad, sistemur platas magidaze vaTavsebT. saboloo daregulireba.
unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom sistemuri platis qveda miuxedavad imisa, rom saubrebi statikuri
mxares bevri wvetiani gamomyvani gaaCnia. amitom sis- eleqtrobis gamo elementebisa da mowyobilobebis
temur platas Tu uSualod magidaze movaTavsebT, mwyobridan gamosvlis Sesaxeb gazviadebulia, mainc
awyobis Semdeg magidaze bevri Rrma nafxaWni dar- sasurvelia kompiuteris awyobis dawyebamde xelebis
Ceba. amitom sistemuri plata umjobesia kardonze sapniT dabana _ es xsnis satatikur muxts. awyobisas
movaTavsoT, romlis saxiTac SesaZlebelia Tavisive yuradReba sxvadasxva komponentebisa da kvebis ga-
yuTis gamoyenebac. es arcTu ise mosaxerxebelia, sarTebis dayenebas unda mieqces: Tu rames aras-
Tumca garantirebulad daicavs magidas nafxaWne- worad SevaerTebT, kompiuteri SeiZleba mwyobridan
bisgan. gamovides, an darRvevebiT imuSaos.

19 20
 1.3. Tanamedrove form-faqtorebi
kvebis bloki rogorc wesi, korpusSi ukve da-
yenebulia. kvebis blokebis sxvadasxva konstruqci-
ebi arsebobs, Tumca amJamad yvelaze metad ATX stan-
dartis sistemuri platebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli
konstruqciebia gavrcelebuli. Zveli, Baby-AT stan-
dartis korpusebi amJamad faqtiurad aRar
iyeneba da ATX modelebiTaa Canacvlebuli.
korpusis, kvebis blokis da sistemuri platis
zomebs da formebs form-faqtori ewodeba. korpu-
sebis yvelaze popularuli form-faqtorebia:
Full Tower (maRali koSki);
Mini-Tower (mini-koSki);
Desktop (samagido);
brtyeli korpusi Low Profile (agreTve ewodeba Slim-
line);
korpusis SeZenamde unda davadginoT, Tu ra
aparaturuli saSualebebi iqneba dayenebuli kompi-
uterSi (korpusis form-faqtoris da kvebis blokis
swori SerCevisaTvis) da sad iqneba kompiuteri daye-
nebuli (monitoris, klaviaturis da mausis kabele-
bis sigrZis swori SerCevisaTvis).
CamoTvlili form-faqtorebidan sasurvelia
moveridoT dabalprofilian korpusebs. dabalprofi-
liani Slimline sistemebi komerciuli kompaniebisa da
organizaciebisTvisaa damuSavebuli, radgan
21
lebriv kompiuterebTan SedarebiT magidaze patara
adgils ikaveben, Tumca sakmaod SezRudulni arian
kompiuteris Semdgomi modernizaciis SesaZleblobis
TvalsazrisiT. Slimline sistemebSi gamoiyeneba LPX
standartis sistemuri platebi.
ATX standartis dabalprofilur versias NLX
ewodeba. LPX da NLX standartis sistemur platebSi
gamo- CaSenebulia praqtikulad yvela komponenti _ video,
audio da qseluri kontrolerebi. mcire form-faq-
toris zogierT Tanamedrove sistemaSi Flex-AT stan-
dartis sistemuri platebi gamoiyeneba.
Tanamedrove korpusebis umetesoba gaTvaliswi-
nebulia ATX standartis sistemuri platebisaTvis,
romelTac uaxlesi Pentium 4 da AMD procesorebis
mxardaWera gaaCniaT. korpusebSi, romlebic konstru-
irebulia Baby-AT sistemuri platebisaTvis, ATX
standartis sistemuri platebi ar yendeba.
amrigad, Tu Cven gvinda iseTi korpusis da
kvebis blokis SeZena, romlebic momavalSi sistemis
modernizebas xels ar SeuSlian, iseTi konfigura-
cia unda SevarCioT, romelic ATX standartis sis-
temuri platebis konstruqcias uWers mxars.
mTlianobaSi axali sistemis formirebis sa-
fuZvels ATX standartis korpusi, sistemuri plata
da kvebis bloki warmoadgens. kvebis blokis sim-
Zlavre kompiuteris aparaturis mxardaWerisTvis un-
da iyos sakmarisi. agreTve unda gaviTvaliswinoT,
Cveu-
22
rom sistemebi, romlebic maRali energomoxmarebiT Tavi II
xasiaTdebian, ATX 12V kvebis blokebis gamoyenebas kompiuterSi procesoris dayeneba
moiTxoven, romelTac damatebiTi, 12 v-iani gasarTi
gaaCniaT. swored am gasarTidan miewodeba Zabva sis- 2.1. `boqsirebuli~ da OEM procesorebi
temur plataze ganTavsebul Zabvis stabilizato-
rebs. sxvadasxva tipis procesorebi, romlebsac Se-
arsebobs specialuri ATX 12V adapterebic (nax. iZleba erTi da igive teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebi gaaC-
1.16), romlebic standartuli ATX kvebis blokis ndeT, gansxvavdebian damatebiTi komponentebis arse-
diskuri mowyobilobis erT-erT kvebis gasarTs bobiT, sagarantio vadiT da a.S.
iyeneben. Tumca mainc umjobesia ATX 12V kvebis blo- arsebobs Intel da AMD procesorebis ori Ziri-
kis gamoyeneba, romelsac Siga eleqtruli wredis Tadi realizacia _ `boqsirebuli~ da OEM proceso-
ukeTesi wyoba gaaCnia da sistemur plataze zustad rebi.
gaTvaliswinebuli +12 v Zabvis miwodebas uzrunvel- ZiriTad gansxvavebas `boqsirebul~ da OEM
yofs. procesorebs Soris maTi kompleqtacia warmoadgens.
`boqsirebuli~ procesorebi lamaz yuTebSi iyideba,
romlebSic procesorebis garda moTavsebulia Tbo-
amrinebeli (radiatori), gamagrilebeli ventilato-
ri (friala), instruqcia procesoris dayenebisTvis,
sertifikati, sagarantio valdebuleba da etiketi
`Intel inside~, an `AMD instead~, romelic yuTis wina
mxaresaa damagrebuli (nax. 2.1).
nax. 1.16. ATX 12V adapteri `boqsirebul~ procesorebs, rogorc wesi, sam-
wliani garantia gaaCniaT, romelsac Tavad firma-
kvebis blokis arCevisas aucileblad unda damamzadebeli gvTavazobs. Tu SeZenis Semdeg sami
gaviTvaliswinoT kompiuterSi dasayenebeli mowyobi- wlis ganmavlobaSi procesoris mikrosqema mwyobri-
lobebis raodenoba da maT mier moxmarebuli jamuri dan gamovida, momxmarebels SeuZlia Intel, an AMD
simZlavre.

23 24
kompaniebs mimarTos, romlebic valdebulni arian raime saxis sxva dokumentacia procesorebs ar ga-
Secvalon procesori. aCniaT. OEM procesorebis partiebis Sesyidva apara-
turis msxvili mwarmoeblebis mier xdeba.
OEM procesorebi uSualod damamzadeblis
(Intel, an AMD) mxridan sagarantio valdebulebiT uz-
runvelyofilni ar arian. sagarantio valdebulebas
Tavis Tavze iRebs Tavad kompania, romelmac proce-
sori SeiZina. sagarantio periodis xangrZlivoba da
misi uzrunvelyofis meTodi dilerzea damokide-
buli, romelic awvdis procesors momxmarebels.
`boqsirebuli~ procesorebi maRalxarisxiani
radiatorebiT da gamagrilebeli frialebiTaa da-
kompleqtebuli. gamagrilebeli sistema, romelic
`boqsirebul~ procesors moyveba, araxelsayreli
temperaturuli pirobebiT gamorCeul garemoSi samu-
Saodaa gaTvaliswinebuli da mZlavr maRalxarisxian
mowyobilobas warmoadgens. iaffasiani gamagrile-
beli sistemis gamoyeneba gamoricxulia Intel da AMD
procesorebisaTvis, romelTac samwliani garantia
nax. 2.1. `boqsirebuli~ procesori Intel Pentium 4 gaaCniaT.
OEM procesorebis realizacia gagrilebis
OEM procesorebis miwodeba didi yuTebiT sistemis gareSe xdeba. dileri Tboamrinebels da
xdeba. TiToeuli yuTi 10 ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba, frialas Tavad gvTavazobs. xSirad dilerebi pro-
xolo TiTo ganyofilebaSi 10 procesoria moTav- cesors gagrilebis sistemiT sistemur plataze aye-
sebuli (sul 100 procesori). Tboamrineblebi, gamag- neben da sagarantio valdebulebas orive komponen-
rilebeli frialebi, instruqcia procesoris dayene- tze erTdroulad gvTavazoben.
bisTvis, sertifikati, sagarantio valdebuleba, an

25 26
 2.2. sistemur plataze procesoris dayeneba Tu ara berketi bolomde gaRebuli (igi ukidures
zeda mdgomareobaSi unda imyofebodes).
sistemur plataze procesori Semdegnairad
yendeba:
procesoris gasarTze avwevT berkets. soketi
(gasarTi) gaixsneba da procesoris dayenebisTvis
mzad iqneba. berketi ukidures vertikalur mdgomare-
obamde unda avwioT, Tumca didi Zala ar unda dava-
tanoT, radgan berketi SeiZleba gadatydes. mcire
Zalis dataneba saWiroa mxolod berketis gaxsnis
dros, radgan procesoris soketze gakeTebulia
mcire gamonawevi, romelic berkets qveda mdgoma-
reobaSi afiqsirebs. berketis fiqsatoridan gamoyva-
nisTvis igi soketis mxris sapirispirod odnav unda nax. 2.2. Pentium III procesori da misi dasayenebeli bude
gadavwioT da Semdeg zeviT avwioT. (Socket 370)
nax. 2.2-ze da nax. 2.3-ze warmodgenilia Pentium
III da Pentium 4 procesorebis soketebi. soketze da
procesorze Semoxazulia kuTxeebi, romlebsac ar
gaaCniaT Sesabamisad bude da gamomyvani. procesoris
dayenebisas es kuTxeebi unda SevaTavsoT. amrigad,
procesori soketSi araswori pozicionirebisagan
yovelTvis daculia.
kuTxeebis SeTavsebis Semdeg procesors soket-
ze movaTavsebT. Tu yvelaferi sworadaa gakeTebuli,
procesori soketSi yovelgvari Zaldatanebis gareSe
Tavsdeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi unda SevamowmoT,
sworadaa Tu ara procesori orientirebuli da aris nax. 2.3. Pentium 4 procesori da misi dasayenebeli bude
(Socket 478)

27 28
 soketSi procesoris moTavsebis Semdeg unda
SevamowmoT, Tu ramdenad mWidrod zis igi soketSi.
procesorsa da sokets Soris ar unda iyos sahaero
RriCo. procesoris Casmis Semdeg soketis berketi
unda davabrunoT sawyis, anu ukidures qveda mdgo-
mareobaSi. berketi soketis gamonawevis qveviT Caike-
teba.
radgan procesoris gamomyvanebi soketSi eWi-
rebian, berketi am dros garkveuli winaaRmdegobiT
unda gadaadgildebodes. CamketTan miyvanisas ber-
keti odnav unda gavwioT soketis sawinaaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT da CamketSi SeviyvanoT.
nax. 2.4-ze warmodgenilia swored dayenebuli
procesori.
Tar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba (miuxedavad imisa, rom
sistemuri plata da sxva makompleqteblebi jer-je-
robiT magidaze imyofebian, amis gakeTeba kvebis
blokis mierTebiT da CarTviT Tavisuflad SeiZ-
leba). saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi kompiuteri ar Cair-
Tveba, xolo uares SemTxvevaSi procesori gadaiw-
veba. SesaZlebelia sistemuri platis dazianebac. so-
ketSi procesoris dayenebis Semdeg masze Termo-
pasta unda davitanoT da friala davayenoT.

nax. 2.4. soketSi dayenebuli procesori

unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom procesorze daye-

nebuli frialas gareSe kompiuteris CarTva aravi-

29 30
 Tavi III aqtiuri Tboamrineblis saxiT friala gamo-
kompiuteris gagrileba iyeneba (nax. 3.2). friala pasiur elementTan Seda-
rebiT procesoris ukeTes gagrilebas uzrunvel-
3.1. pasiuri da aqtiuri Tboamrineblebi yofs, Tumca damatebiT kvebas moiTxovs da samwuxa-
rod arc maRali saimedoobiT gamoirCeva. frialebSi
Tanamedrove procesorebi bevr siTbos gamo- xSirad iaffasiani eleqtromeqanizmebi gamoiyeneba,
yofen. amitom aucileblad unda moxdes maTi gagri- amitom isini xSirad ziandebian, risi Sedegicaa
leba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi kompiuteri ar imuSa- procesoris gadaxureba da sistemis arastabiluri
vebs, an procesori gadaiwveba. arsebobs Tboamrineb- muSaoba. aqtiuri Tboamrinebeli elementis arCevisas
lebis ori tipi: pasiuri da aqtiuri. iaffasiani frialebis SeZena ar aris sasurveli,
pasiuri Tboamrinebeli metalis (Cveulebriv radgan isini, rogorc aRvniSneT, Zalian dabali
aluminis) radiators warmoadgens (nax. 3.1). proce- saimedobiT gamoirCevian.
sorsa da radiators Soris siTbos cirkulaciis
gaumjobesebisTvis specialuri pasta gamoiyeneba,
romelic avsebs procesorsa da radiators Soris
arsebul sahaero RriCoebs.

nax. 3.2. procesoris gamagrilebeli sistema radiatoriT

da frialiT

yuradReba imasac unda mivaqcioT, rom ATX

standartis sistemuri platebi iseTnairad arian
nax. 3.1. pasiuri Tboamrinebeli (radiatori)
konstruirebulni, rom korpusSi dayenebuli kvebis

31 32
bloki haeris gamagrilebel nakads UuSualod pro- platebi frialebiT, romlebic PCI slotSi yen-
cesorze mimarTavs. Tu Cven gagvaCnia maRali klasis debian, haers korpusis Signidan iwoven da korpusis
korpusi ventilaciis Zlieri sistemiT, zogierTi gareT mimarTaven.
mciresiTbogamomyofi procesoris gamoyenebis Sem-
TxvevaSi aqtiur Tboamrineblis gamoyenebaze SegviZ-
lia saerTod vTqvaT uari.
Tu kvebis blokis da procesoris frialebi
arasakmarisia maRali warmadobis mqone sistemis
gasagrileblad, mizanSewonilia iseTi sistemuri
blokis SeZena, romelSic SesaZlebelia erTi mainc
damatebiTi frialas dayeneba.
umetes SemTxvevaSi friala korpusis ukana
mxares montaJdeba (nax. 3.3), Tumca zogierT SemTxve-
vaSi damatebiT frialas korpusis wina mxaresac
amontaJeben. aseTi friala haers garedan Seiwovs da
sistemuri platis gaswvriv mimarTavs. zogjer dam-
atebiTi friala diskuri mowyobilobebis nakveTu-
rebTanac yendeba da vinCesterebis damatebiT gagri- nax. 3.3. korpusis ukana mxares damontaJebuli friala
lebas uzrunvelyofs.
iwarmoeba agreTve specialuri platebi CaSe- zogadad, kompiuteris korpusis SigniT haeris
nebuli frialebiT, romlebic diskuri mowyobilo- temperatura rac ufro axlosaa oTaxis temperatu-
bebis nakveTurebSi Tavsdeba. aseTi friala haers rasTan, miT ukeTesia kompiuterisTvis.
korpusis wina panelidan Seiwovs da kompiuteris
SigniT mimarTavs. es saukeTeso gadawyvetaa sisteme-
bisTvis SCSI vinCesterebiT, romelTac 10000 br/wT da
ufro maRali brunvis siCqare gaaCniaT da sakmaod
maRal temperaturamde xurdebian. agreTve arsebobs

33 34
 3.2. Termointerfeisi da Termopasta
procesoridan siTbos saukeTeso arinebis uz-
runvelyofisaTvis specialuri Termuli nivTiereba
gamoiyeneba, romelic procesoris zedapirsa da ra-
diatoris zedapirs Soris Tavsdeba. es nivTiereba
TeTr sagless warmoadgens da umetesad aluminis
oqsidis bazaze mzaddeba. agreTve keramikis da ver-
cxlis bazaze Seqmnili saglesebic iwarmoeba.
zogierT masalas fazurs uwodeben, radgan
isini garkveul temperaturaze siblantes icvlian
(viwrovdebian), rac radiatoris zedapirsa da kris-
tals Soris sivrcis ukeTesi Sevsebis saSulebas iZ-
leva.
Termuli saglesebi fazur masalebTan Seda-
rebiT ukeTesi TbogamtarobiT gamoirCevian, Tumca
naklebi siblante da meti denadoba gaaCniaT. Ter-
muli saglesebis datana SedarebiT rTulia. zogi-
erT SemTxvevaSi pasta SeiZleba gamodindes kidec da
procesoris budeze, an sistemur plataze moxvdes.
nebismier zedapirs gaaCnia uswormasworobani.
nafxaWnebi SeiZleba imdenad mcire zomisani iyvnen,
rom TvaliT SeuZlebeli iyos maTi danaxva, Tumca
maTi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi procesoris kristalsa
da frialas Soris siTburi kontaqti mcirdeba. amas
garda, procesoris saxuravis zedapiri SeiZleba ar
iyos mTlad swori. xSirad igi odnav CaRunulia cen-
trSi da amoweulia kideebSi. Termointerfeisi swo-
red aseTi uswormasworobebis Sesavsebad gamoiye-
neba. igi mniSvnelovnad aumjobesebs procesoris
kristalidan siTbos arinebas.
idealuri situaciaa frialas polirebuli
safuZveli. am SemTxvevaSi nafxaWnebs adgili ar eq-
nebaT da radiatoris SeWideba procesoris kristal-
Tan maqsimaluri iqneba. TiTqos am dros Termoin-
terfeisis gamoyeneba saWiro ar aris. Tumca es
mTlad ase ar aris. umjobesia ar gavriskoT da Ter-
mopasta kristalze mainc davitanoT. zambaris miWe-
ris Zala zedmet Termopastas mainc gamodevnis da
radiators procesoris kristalTan maqsimaluri
SeWidebis (Sexebis) zedapiri eqneba.
nebismieri tipis Termuli gamtari, ginda es
iyos Termuli nivTiereba da ginda fazuri masala,
mniSvnelovnad zrdis siTboarinebis xarisxs. Termu-
li masalebi xasiaTdebian TbogamtarobiT (rac me-
tia, ukeTesi) da Termuli winaRobiT (piriqiT: rac
naklebia, ukeTesi). samwuxarod, siTbogamtarobis Se-
darebis samrewvelo standartebi ar arsebobs. iseT
damatebiTi faqtorebs, rogorebicaa zedapiris xor-
klianoba da masze ganxorcielebuli wneva, iqamde
mivyavarT, rom sxvadasxva masalebi, romlebic sxva-
dasxva reitingebSi mieTiTeba, koreqtulad mainc ver
dardeba erTmaneTTan.
Tu procesoris boqsirebul variants SeviZenT
(frialasTan erTad), frialas qveda zedapirze mwar-

35 36
moeblis mier ukve datanil Termointerfeiss davi-
naxavT.
nax. 3.4-ze procesoridan moxsnili frialaa
warmodgenili, romelzedac Termointerfeisia data-
nili.

nax. 3.5. kompleqtaciis Pentium III procesori

nax. 3.6. kompleqtaciis Pentium 4 procesori

nax. 3.4. procesori da friala standartuli
TermointerfeisiT

Tu kompiuterSi OEM kompleqtaciis proce-

sors vayenebT (nax. 3.5 da nax. 3.6), friala calke un-
da SeviZinoT.
nax. 3.7 da nax. 3.8-ze Sesabamisad Termopastis
tubi da Spricia warmodgenili.

nax. 3.7. Termopasta tubSi

37 38

nax. 3.8. Termopasta SpricSi
xSirad kamaToben, standartuli Termointer-
feisi gamoiyenon, Tu maSinve Secvalon igi Termo-
pastiT.
Termointerfeisi procesoris kristalis zo-
gierT adgilas SeiZleba aramWidrod iyos datanili.
amis mizezia birTvis sxvadasxva monakveTebis araTa-
nabari gacxeleba, rasac Termopastis araTanabar ga-
modevnamde mivyavarT. gamodevnis procesi progre-
sirebad xasiaTs atarebs: metad gacxelda _ meti pas-
ta gamoidevna _ naklebi pasta darCa _ kidev ufro
metad gacxelda _ kidev ufro meti pasta gamoidevna.
amrigad, mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs krista-
lis `lokalur~, anu misi calkeuli adgilebis
daxurebas. cxadia, rom amaSi kargi araferi ar aris.
maSin ismis kiTxva _ ratom ayeneben mwarmoeblebi
Termointerfeiss? pasuxi martivia: bevr
bels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi kvalifikacia frialas da-
moukidebeli, swori dayenebisTvis.
39
agreTve unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom Termoin-
terfeisi erTjeradia. standartuli Termointer-
feisis mqone frialas procesoridan moxsnis Sem-
TxvevaSi unda movaciloT Termointerfeisis narCe-
nebi da Termopasta gamoviyenoT. winaaRmdeg SemTxve-
vaSi, Tu frialas procesorze xelmeored davaye-
nebT, kristalze didi albaTobiT miviRebT iseT
monakveTebs, sadac Termointerfeisi saerTod ar iq-
neba datanili (`sahaero baliSebi~) da procesoris
uZlieres lokalur gadaxurebas eqneba adgili.
TermopastasTan SedarebiT Termointerfeisis
kidev erT uaryofiT Tvisebas misi dabali Tbo-
gamtaroba warmoadgens.
mainc rodisaa mizanSewonili Termointerfe-
isis gamoyeneba? misi datoveba mxolod Semdeg kiT-
xvebze dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSia umjobesi:
procesoris mTeli samuSao vadis ganmavlobaSi
friala mxolod erTxel iqneba dayenebuli;
ar movaxdenT kompiuteris makompleqtebeli nawi-
lebis ganaxlebas. magaliTad, Tu Cven sistemuri
platis Secvlas gadavwyvetT, unda movxsnaT pro-
ga- cesoric;
procesori saStato reJimSi muSaobs. misi `aCqa-
reba~ ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli;
momxmare- procesori (magaliTad, Celeron) SedarebiT nakleb
siTbos gamoyofs.
40
 amrigad, umetes SemTxvevaSi rekomendirebulia Termointerfeisis ZiriTadi nawilis mocile-
standartuli Termointerfeisis moxsna da Termo- bis Semdeg viyenebT rbil mSral naWers, romlis
pastis gamoyeneba. es mraval problemas agvacilebs saSualebiTac Termointerfeisis darCenil nawils
Tavidan. pastis erTi tubi sakmarisia ramdenime vacilebT. amis Semdeg radiatoris safuZvels spir-
frialis dayenebisTvis. pasta (misi swori gamoye- tiT davamuSavebT.
nebis SemTxvevaSi) ukeTesad asrulebs Tavis fun- Termointerfeisis mocilebis Semdeg proce-
qcias, vidre Termointerfeisi. pastis gamoyenebis soris kristalze Termopasta unda davitanoT. data-
SemTxvevaSi procesoris kristalis lokaluri gada- nili Termopastis fena Tanabari da Zalian mcire
xurebis albaToba faqtiurad nuls utoldeba. sisqis unda iyos. Termopastis datana mosaxerxe-
belia asanTis ReriT, an kbilis jagrisiT. kristali
datanili TermopastiT warmodgenilia nax. 3.9-ze.
3.3. procesorze Termopastis datana

standartuli Termointerfeisi Tbogamtari

pastiT Semdegnairad icvleba.
movxsniT frialas procesoridan, Tu is ukve
dayenebulia, an viRebT mas yuTidan. dagvWirdeba
joxi bambiT, romelic spirtiTaa dasvelebuli. kris-
talidan Termointerfeisis narCenebs movacilebT da
gavwmendT mis garSemo arsebul vels. Termointer-
feisi Zalian martivad, praqtikulad yovelgvari
Zaldatanebis gareSe scildeba. radiatoris SemTxve- nax. 3.9. procesoris birTvze datanili Termopasta
vaSi saqme cota rTuladaa. Termointerfeisis moci-
lebisTvis SegviZlia brtyeli saxraxnisi gamovi- amis Semdeg Termopastas radiatoris safuZ-
yenoT. zedmeti Zala ar unda davatanoT, raTa ra- velze im adgilas davitanT, romlis qvemoTac pro-
diatoris safuZveli ar gaifxaWnos. cesoris kristali ganTavsdeba (sadac adre Termoin-
terfeisi iyo datanili) da didi dawoliT, TiTiT,

41 42
Termopastas SevaglisavT radiatoris safuZvelSi. gamoiwvios, romlebic pastiT ar arian dafarulni
amiT Cven SevavsebT radiatoris umcires nafxaW- da `sahaero baliSebs~ Seicaven. aman ki SeiZleba
nebsac ki da gavzrdiT Tburi kontaqtis farTs procesoris letalur gadaxurebamde da sistemis
frialasa da procesoris kristals Soris. arastabilur muSaobamde migviyvanos.

3.4. frialas dayeneba da CarTva

frialas frTxilad vaTavsebT procesorze.

yuradReba mivaqcioT, rom frialas safuZvelze, ra-
diatoris mTel siganeze, aris farTo amonaRebi. es
amonaRebi unda gaswordes soketis Sverilis mimar-
TulebiT, rogorc es naCvenebia nax. 3.10-ze. Tu
amonaRebs sxva mxridan movaTavsebT, friala gadax-
rili iqneba, ris Sedegadac procesoris kristalsa
da frialas Soris kontaqts saerTod ar eqneba
nax. 3.10. procesori dayenebuli frialiT
adgili. aman SeiZleba rogorc kristalis fizikur
dazianebamde (Pentium III procesoris SemTxvevaSi),
amitom, Tu Cven davayeneT friala da Semdeg
aseve siTburi garRvevis gamo procesoris mwyobri-
gadavwyviteT misi moxsna, pasta kristalze kidev
dan gamosvlamde migviyvanos.
erTxel unda davitanoT.
frialas dayenebis Semdeg sifrTxile unda
frialas damagrebisTvis dagvWirdeba brtyeli
gamoviCinoT. ar SeiZleba frialas daxra, triali,
saxraxnisi (SeiZleba arc dagvWirdes, gaaCnia fri-
moxsna da gansakuTrebiT masze daWera. daumagrebel,
alas samagr konstruqcias). rogorc wesi, umjobesia
an cudad damagrebul frialaze sxvadasxva manipu-
saSualo siganis saxraxnisis gamoyeneba, romelic
laciebma SeiZleba procesori fizikurad daazianos.
mTlianad ar `vardeba~ samagris naxvretSi da masSi
Termopastis datanili fenis mqone frialas moxsnam
Tavisi siganis daaxloebiT naxevarze Sedis (nax. 3.11).
da Tavidan dayenebam SeiZleba iseTi velebis gaCena

43 44
 saketis erT mxares CamovacvamT soketis gamo- jvena xeliT frialas meore saketSi saxraxniss mo-
nawevs. unda davrwmundeT, rom igi saimedodaa damag- vaTavsebT (nax. 3.13).
rebuli (nax. 3.12).

nax. 3.13. saxraxnisze wamocmuli saketi

sakets gavwevT saxraxnisiT da soketis Sve-

nax. 3.11. saxraxnisis sigane
rilze wamovacvamT (nax. 3.14). unda gaviTvaliswinoT,
rom yvela moZraoba unda iyos Zlieri, magram Tana-
bari, yovelgvari biZgebisa da damatebiTi Zaldata-
nebis gareSe.

nax. 3.12. saketi soketis gamonawevze

amis Semdeg frialas da soketze ukve Camoc-

mul sakets marcxena xeliT daviWerT, xolo mar- nax. 3.14. soketis gamonawevze Camocmuli Camketi

45 46
 yuradReba unda mivaqcioT saxraxnisis siganis
Sesabamisobas frialas saketis naxvretis zomasTan.
Tu saxraxnisis sigane mcirea, didia imis albaToba,
rom rodesac sakets soketis gamonawevTan mivitanT,
saxraxnisi naxvretSi `Cavardeba~ da sistemur pla-
tas, an sokets gafxaWnis. biZgis SemTxvevaSi fri-
alas daZvracaa SesaZlebeli. am SemTxvevaSi saWiro
xdeba Termopastis datanasTan dakavSirebuli sa-
muSaos Tavidan Sesruleba.
ar aris sasurveli zedmetad ganieri saxrax- nax. 3.15. frialas kveba
nisis gamoyenebac. igi SeiZleba amovardes frialas
saketis naxvretidan da sistemur plata gafxaWnos, Termopastis fenis Pentium 4 procesorze datana
ramac, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba sistemuri platis ele- xdeba iseve, rogorc Pentium III procesorze. stan-
mentebi da dengamtari xazebi daazianos. dartuli Termointerfeisis mocilebac igive sqemiT
rogorc ki frialas davayenebT, misi kvebis sruldeba (Tumca, Cveni SexedulebiT, standartuli
gasarTi sistemuri platis Sesabamis gasarTTan unda Termointerfeisi SegviZlia davtovoT kidec). proce-
SevaerToT (nax. 3.15). sistemuri platis gasarTi, soris soketSi dayenebis Semdeg frialas samagrSi
rogorc wesi, TeTri ferisaa, gaaCnia sami manWvali, ise vayenebT, rogorc nax. 3.16-zea warmodgenili.
moTavsebulia procesoris maxloblad da Sesabamisi
warwera gaaCnia _ magaliTad, `CPU_Cooler~. yuradReba
unda mivaqcioT SeerTebis polarobas. frialas da
sistemuri platis gasarTebs mimmarTvelebi gaaCniaT,
romlebic SeerTebisas erTmaneTs unda SeuTavsdnen.
Cven ganvixileT frialas dayenebis procesi
Pentium III procesorze. axla ganvixiloT, Tu riTi
gansxvavdeba frialas dayenebis wesi Pentium 4 pro-
cesorisTvis.
nax. 3.16. frialas dayeneba Pentium 4 procesorze

47 48
 frialas fiqsaciisa da procesorze miWeri- Tavi IV
saTvis berketebi sawinaaRmdego mdgomareobamde unda operatiuli mexsierebis modulebis dayeneba
mobrundnen, rogorc es nax. 3.17-zea warmodgenili.
bunebrivia, unda SevaerToT kvebis gasarTic. 4.1. operatiuli mexsierebis modulebis
standartebi

ZiriTadi operatiuli mexsiereba SIMM (amJamad

moZvelebulia) da DIMM modulebis saxiT realiz-
deba. DIMM modulebs Semdegi modifikaciebi gaaC-
niaT:
168-kontaqtiani DIMM (SDRAM);
184-kontaqtiani DIMM (DDR DIMM);
240-kontaqtiani DIMM (DDR 2 DIMM).
nax. 3.17. Pentium 4 procesorze frialas damagreba da kveba Pentium II/III sistemebSi gamoiyeneba 168-kontaq-
tiani SDRAM DIMM, xolo Pentium 4 sistemebSi _ 184 da
240-kontaqtiani Sesabamisad DDR I DIMM da DDR 2 DIMM
modulebi. nebismieri DIMM moduli 64-Tanrigiania da
mexsierebis sruli bankis funqcias asrulebs.
mexsierebis modulebi yoveli rva Tanrigis-
Tvis SeiZleba mecxre Tanrigsac Seicavdnen, rome-
lic luwobaze kontrolisTvis gamoiyeneba. Tu sis-
temur platas luwobaze kontrolis mexsierebis
mxardaWera gaaCnia, sasurvelia swored aseTi modu-
lebis SeZena. Tumca unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom
luwobaze kontrolis mxardamWeri mexsierebis modu-
lebis Rirebuleba `Cveulebriv~ modulebTan Seda-
rebiT ufro maRalia.

49 50
 agreTve yuradReba unda mivaqcioT mexsierebis
modulebis kontaqtebis metalur safars. kontaqtebi
SeiZleba oqroTi, an kaliT iyos dafaruli. ram-
denadac oqrosfeniani kontaqtebi ukeTesi gamta-
robiT gamoirCevian, nebismier sistemaSi umjobesia
swored maTi gamoyeneba. am dros yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT, rom mexsierebis modulebis kontaqtebis
safari Seesabamebodes sistur plataze arsebuli im
slotebis kontaqtebis safarvels, romlebSic mexsi-
erebis modulebi yendeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom Tana-
medrove DIMM modulebis da Sesabamisi slotebis
umetesoba oqros feniT ifareba.
Tu mexsierebis modulebis da slotebis kon-
taqtebSi sxvadasxva masalis fenebi gamoiyeneba, mniS-
vnelovnad Cqardeba kalis fenebis daJangva. amas ki
kontaqtebis rRvevamde, mexsierebis problemebamde da
Secdomebis warmoqmnamde mivyavarT. mexsierebis mo-
dulis moxsna, modulis da slotis kontaqtebis
gawmenda droebiT xsnis am problemas, Tumca daax-
loebiT erTi wlis Semdeg problema isev iCens Tavs.
es sakmaod mniSvnelovani problemaa, Tu Cven aTe-
ulobiT da aseulobiT kompiuters vemsaxurebiT.
amrigad, umjobesia mexsierebis modulebis da
slotebis kontaqtebis safari fenebi erTmaneTs em-
Txveodes.
sistemuri platebis umetesobas gaaCnia ramde-
nime gasarTi SIMM, SDRAM DIMM, DDR I DIMM, an DDR II
51
DIMM mexsierebis modulebis dasayeneblad. zogjer
gvxvdeba kombinirebuli (moZvelebuli) sistemuri
platebic, romlebic gaTvlilia rogorc SIMM, aseve
SDRAM DIMM mexsierebis modulebis dayenebaze.
aseT platebSi modulebis dasayenebeli gasar-
Tebi bankebad iyofa. magaliTad, Tu plataze
arsebobs 4 gasarTi SIMM da 2 gasarTi SDRAM DIMM
modulebisTvis, maSin pirveli ori SIMM an pirveli
DIMM gasarTi aformireben nulovan banks (Bank 0),
xolo ori meore SIMM an meore SDRAM DIMM gasarTi
_ pirvel banks (Bank 1).
unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mexsierebis ga-
sarTebis Sevseba unda daviwyoT nulovani bankidan
da erTi bankis farglebSi gamoviyenoT erTnairi te-
vadobis mexsierebis modulebi. garda amisa, kombini-
rebul sistemur platebSi dauSvebelia nulovani an
pirveli bankis Sevseba SIMM da SDRAM DIMM modu-
lebiT erTdroulad. es niSnavs, rom Tu Cven gvaqvs
ori 32 mb-iani SIMM moduli da erTi 64 mb-iani
SDRAM DIMM moduli, isini sxvadasxva bankebSi un-
da davayenoT. magaliTad, ori SIMM moduli _ nu-
lovan bankSi, xolo erTi SDRAM DIMM moduli _
pirvel bankSi, an piriqiT _ SDRAM DIMM moduli
nulovan bankSi, xolo ori SIMM moduli _ pirvel
bankSi. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi gansazRvravs sistema
sworad dayenebuli mexsierebis saerTo moculobas.
52
 SIMM modulebi gamoiyeneboda mxolod Pentium I
da Pentium II personalur kompiterebSi. Tanamedrove
sistemebSi mxolod DIMM modulebi gamoiyeneba.
SIMM, SDRAM DIMM, DDR I DIMM, an DDR 2 DIMM
mexsierebis modulebs gasarTis mxridan Wrilebis
saxiT realizebuli gasaRebebi gaaCniaT, romlebic
xels uSlian modulis gasarTSi araswor dayenebas.
amrigad, mexsierebis nebismieri moduli iseT-
nairadaa daproeqtebuli, rom misi araswored da- nax. 4.2 gasarTi (sloti) mexsierebis modulisaTvis
yeneba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. amas uzrunvel-
yofs modulSi specialuri amonaRebebis (Wrilebis),
xolo sistemuri platis gasarTebSi _ Sesabamisi 4.2. sistemur plataze operatiuli mexsierebis
gasaRebebis arseboba. modulebis dayeneba
nax. 4.1-ze warmodgenilia DIMM mexsierebis
moduli, xolo nax. 4.2-ze _ Sesabamisi gasarTi sis- sistemur plataze DIMM modulebis dayenebis-
temur plataze modulis dayenebisTvis. Tvis Semdegi moqmedebebi unda SevasruloT:
gasarTis damafiqsirebeli Camketebi odnav gver-
diT unda gavwioT;
moduli imgvarad unda iyos orientirebuli, rom
mimmarTveli gasaRebebi (Wrilebi) slotis gamo-
naSverebs uTavsdebodnen;
moduls frTxilad vaTavsebT gasarTSi da
nax. 4.1. mexsierebis moduli
zemodan vawvebiT, sanam damafiqsirebeli gasaRe-
bebi vertikalur mdebareobas ar miiReben.
amrigad, slotebis saketebs gverdiT ise ga-
davwevT, rogorc es pirveli slotisTvis, nax. 4.3-zea
naCvenebi.

53 54
 daWerisas sul mcire Zala unda davatanoT.
imis niSnad, rom moduli slotSi mTlianad moTav-
sda, slotis kideebSi arsebuli saketebi gatkacun-
deba. slotSi Cayenebuli mexsierebis modulebi
warmodgenilia nax. 4.5-ze.

nax. 4.3. sloti da mexsierebis moduli

amis Semdeg moduls slots mivuaxloebT da

mis orientacias ise movaxdenT, rom modulis Wri-
lebi slotis gasaRebebs SeuTavsdes. moduls slot-
Si movaTavsebT da horizontalur sibrtyeSi, daux- nax. 4.5. mexsierebis moduli slotSi dayenebulia
relad, ise, rom sistemur platasTan 90 kuTxe da-
vicvaT, modulis orive mxareze Tanabari ZaliT nax. 4.5-ze yuradReba mivaqcioT saketebs, rom-
davaWerT (nax. 4.4). lebic mTlianadaa Sesuli mexsierebis modulis
Sesabamis amonaRebebSi. es imis niSania, rom moduli
sworadaa dayenebuli.

nax. 4.4. mexsierebis modulis slotSi Cayeneba

55 56
 Tavi V 5.1. sistemuri platebis standartebi
kompiuterSi sistemuri platis dayeneba
arsebobs sistemuri platebis ramdenime form-
sanam sistemuri platis montaJs daviwyebT, faqtori, romlebic gansazRvraven platis zomebs da
Semdegi operaciebi unda SevasruloT: Sesabamisad sistemuri blokis korpusis standarts.
viRebT sistemur platas SesafuTi yuTidan da qvemoT CamoTvlilia sistemuri platebis farTod
kardonze vaTavsebT; gavrcelebuli form-faqtorebi.
sistemuri platis Sesabamis naxvretebSi plas- moZvelebuli:
tmasis samagr klifsebs da sxva samagr elemen- Baby-AT;
tebs vayenebT. samagri elementebis SeZena xdeba Full-size AT (srulzomiani);
kompiuteris korpusTan erTad, kompleqtSi; LPX.
platas kardonze iseTnairad vaTavsebT, rom igi Tanamedrove:
idges mxolod samagr elementebze da arc erTi ATX;
sxva elementiT ar exebodes kardonis zedapirs; Micro-ATX;
yuradRebiT unda SeviswavloT sistemuri platis Flex-ATX;
gare gasarTebis da platis gadamwodebis _ `jam- NLX.
perebis~ (Cveulebriv, plataze isini JP marki- amJamad yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli ATX
rebiT aRiniSneba) ganlageba. jamperebi sistemuri (nax. 5.1) konstruqciaa. man TiTqmis gamodevna Baby-AT
platis aRwerilobis Sesabamisad unda davayenoT. form-faqtori. Baby-AT-gan gansxvavebiT, ATX stan-
zogierT sistemur platas gaaCnia `jamperebi~,
dartis sistemuri platebi 90-iT mobrunebulia, rac
romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia procesoris kvebis
saSualebas iZleva gafarToebis gasarTebi (salte-
Zabvis, sistemuri saltis sixSiris da procesoris
ebis slotebi) misi viwro mxaris paralelurad gan-
samuSao sixSiris dasayenebeli gamamravlebeli ko-
Tavsdes. am dros Tavisufali adgili rCeba sxva
eficientis dasayeneblad. Tumca isic unda aRiniS-
komponentebisTvisac, romlebsac plata-adapterebi
nos, rom Tanamedrove sistemuri platebis umetesobi-
xels ar uSlian.
saTvis gamamravlebeli koeficientis dayeneba xdeba
elementebi, romlebic muSaobis dros did
programulad, Setup BIOS -Si an avtomaturad.
siTbos gamoyofen (mag. procesori, operatiuli

57 58
mexsierebis modulebi) kvebis blokis gverdiT arian paraleluri da USB portebis gamosayvanad sistemur
ganTavsebulni. ATX standartis kvebis bloki iseT- platasTan kabelebis SeerTeba ar sWirdeba.
nairadaa damuSavebuli, rom misi friala haers ATX kvebis bloki aRWurvilia gasaRebis mqone
sistemuri platis gaswvriv uberavs. gasarTiT, romelic sistemuri platis Sesabamis
gasarTTan (nax. 5.2) erTdeba. SeerTeba mxolod erTi
mimarTulebiT, sworedaa SesaZlebeli. gasarTi gan-
kuTvnilia Tanamedrove sistemuri platebisaTvis,
romlebic +3,3 v Zabvas saWiroeben. aseTi platebi
mxars uWeren kvebis gafarToebul marTvas, romelic
aqtivizirdeba BIOS-is da operaciuli sistemis saSu-
alebiT.

nax. 5.2. ATX sistemuri platis kvebis gasarTi

form-faqtori Micro-ATX (nax. 5.3) damuSavda Se-

darebiT dabali donis sistemebisTvis. Micro-ATX qve-
modan zemoT SeTavsebadia ATX form-faqtorisa.
nax. 5.1 ATX form-faqtoris sistemuri plata Micro-ATX sistemuri platis zomebi naklebia ATX
form-faqtoris sistemur platasTan SedarebiT da
ATX sistemuri platebi agreTve portebis gan- misi dayeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc sakuTriv mis-
lagebis maRali simWidroviT xasiaTdebian. Baby-AT Tvis damuSavebul, aseve ATX standartis korpusebSi.
form-faqtoris platebisgan gansxvavebiT, yvela gare Slimline sistemebSi ramdenime form-faqtori ga-
porti CaSenebulia sistemur plataSi da erT sib- moiyeneba. 90-iani wlebis dasasruls upiratesoba
rtyezea ganTavsebuli. amitom, Baby-AT form-faqto- LPX form-faqtors eniWeboda. magram SemdgomSi bev-
ris platebisgan gansxvavebiT, momxmarebels kor- rma mwarmoebelma uari Tqva mis gamoyenebaze, rac
pusis ukana panelze standartuli mimdevrobiTi,

59 60
standartizirebuli komponentebis ararsebobam da Tumca dabalprofiluri konstruqciebisTvis damaxa-
dabalprofilianma korpusma ganapiroba. garda amisa, siaTebeli problemebi gadauwyveteli darCa.
LPX form-faqtoris sistemur platebs hqondaT gar-
kveuli gansxvavebebi, rac arTulebda kompiuteris
modernizebas.

nax. 5.3. NLX form-faqtoris sistemuri plata

korpusis mcire zomebis gamo NLX standartis

form-faqtori korporatiuli klientebisTvis da
damwyebi momxmareblebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli.
amisda miuxedavad, NLX standartis sistemuri pla-
tebi kompiuterul bazarze bevrad naklebia ATX da
Micro-ATX sistemur platebTan SedarebiT.
nax. 5.3. form-faqtori Micro-ATX

korporacia Intel-ma daamuSava axali Ria stan-

5.2. sistemuri platis mikrosqemaTa krebuli
darti _ NLX. igi bevri parametriT uaxlovdeba ATX
form-faqtors, magram inarCunebs Slimline-Tvis dama-
sistemuri platis SeZenisas meore mniSvne-
xasiaTebel sistemuri platis da korpusis zomebs.
lovan elementi (procesoris Semdeg), romlis maxa-
NLX standartis safuZvelze damuSavebuli sistemebi
siaTeblebic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, mikrosqemaTa
uzrunvelyofen LPX kompiuterebTan SeTavsebadobas,
krebulia (Chipset). igi ramdenime mikrosqemis krebuls

61 62
warmoadgens, romelic sistemuri platis ZiriTad
sqemebs aerTianebs. Tanamedrove mikrosqemaTa krebu-
lSi originaluri IBM AT kompiuteris 150-ze meti
komponentia integrirebuli. mikrosqemaTa krebuli
lokaluri saltis (Cveulebriv PCI), ZiriTadi opera-
tiuli mexsierebis, qeS-mexsierebis, wyvetebis, mexsi-
erebisadmi pirdapiri wvdomis kontrolerebs da sxva
sqemebs Seicavs.
mikrosqemaTa krebuli did gavlenas axdens
sistemuri platis maxasiaTeblebze da warmadobis
iseT parametrebs da SezRudvebs gansazRvravs, ro-
gorebicaa: qeS-mexsierebis da ZiriTadi operatiuli
mexsierebis moculoba da siCqare, procesoris tipi
da sixSire, videosistemis standarti da a.S. swored
sistemuri platis mikrosqemebis krebuli uzrunvel-
yofs Tanamedrove PCI Express, USB (Universal Serial Bus) da
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) mowyobilobebis muSaobas.
sistemuri platis SerCevisas yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT Semdeg parametrebs:
FSB saltis sixSire;
operatiuli mexsierebis modulebis tipi (SDRAM
DIMM, DDR I DIMM, DDR 2 DIMM);
ECC (Secdomebis gasworebis kodebi) operatiuli
mexsierebis mxardaWera;
kvebis marTvis gafarToebuli funqciebis mxarda-
Wera (ACPI);
PCI Express 16x, an AGP 4x/8x videokontroleri;
Ultra-ATA 100/133 da SATA interfeisebi;
USB 2.0 mxardaWera.
CamoTvlili funqciebs (ECC mxardaWeris ga-
moklebiT) mxars uWers faqtiurad yvela Tanamed-
rove sistemuri plata. maRalefeqturi sistemis misa-
Rebad, bunebrivia, maqsimalurad swrafi procesori
unda avirCioT. Tumca ZviradRirebuli procesoris
SeZenas azri ara aqvs, Tu misi gamoyeneba sistemuri
platis mikrosqemebis krebulis SesaZleblobebiT
izRudeba.
sistemuri platis SeZenisas ar unda dagva-
viwydes misi dokumentaciis SeZenac. dokumentacia
sistemis muSaobis detalebis garkvevaSi dagvex-
mareba. dokumentaciaSi agreTve aRiwereba, Tu rogor
movaxdinoT mikrosqemebis krebulis gawyoba BIOS-is
parametrebis dayenebis saSualebiT.
5.3. sistemuri platis BIOS
sistemuri platis kidev erT mniSvnelovan
komponents BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) warmoadgens.
mas agreTve ROM BIOS-sac uwodeben. sistemuri pla-
tis SeZenisas aucilebelia davrwmundeT, rom BIOS
mocemul sferoSi erT-erT wamyvan mwarmoebels (AMI,
Phoenix, Award, an Microid Research) miekuTvneba da Cawe-
rilia specialur programirebad mikrosqemaSi, ro-

63 64
melsac Flash ROM, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Pro-
grammable Read Only Memory) ewodeba (nax. 5.4). es moma-
valSi saSualebas mogvcems CavtvirToT BIOS-is ga-
naxlebuli versiebi.
dinare procesors, aseve im ufro mZlavr proceso-
rebsac, romelTa dayenebac SemdgomSia gaTvaliswi-
nebuli. Tu sistemuri plata da mikrosqemaTa krebu-
li, BIOS-gan gansxvavebiT, mxars uWers axal proce-
sors, momxmarebelma unda ganaaxlos sistemuri BIOS.

5.4. Setana-gamotanis portebi

Zvel sistemur platebSi portebi ar iyo CaSe-

nax. 5.4. EEPROM mikrosqema
nebuli da maTi realizacia calke plata-adaptere-
bis saxiT xdeboda, rac slotebis dakavebas da da-
matebiT energodanaxarjebs ganapirobebda. Tanamed-
rove sistemur platebSi Setana-gamotanis portebi
CaSenebulia (nax. 5.5). sistemebis umetesobas Semdegi
portebi gaaCnia:

agreTve unda davrwmundeT, rom sistemuri

plata da BIOS mxars uWeren Plug&Play teqnologias.
es mniSvnelovnad amartivebs axali plata-adapte-
rebis, gansakuTrebiT Plug&Play adapterebis dayene-
bas. am SemTxvevaSi plata-adapterebisTvis paramet-
rebi avtomatutad yendeba da avtomaturadve wydeba
aparaturuli konfliqtebi Tanamedrove operaciuli
sistemebis (Windows 98/Me/2000/XP) doneze.
sistemuri platis SeZenisas agreTve unda
davrwmundeT, rom BIOS mxars uWers rogorc mim-
nax. 5.5. Setana-gamotanis portebi

65 66
 klaviaturis SesaerTebeli porti (PS\2, Mini-DIN); iZleva da slotebs aTavisuflebs, rac gansakuT-
mausis SesaerTebeli porti (PS\2, Mini-DIN); rebiT iaffasiani sistemebisTvisaa aqtualuri.
erTi, an ori standartuli mimdevrobiTi porti Tumca integrirebul da calkeuli plata-

(UART 16550A buferiT); adapterebis saxiT realizebul komponentebs Soris

xarisxobrivi sxvaobac unda gaviTvaliswinoT. pla-
paraleluri (EPP/ECP) porti;
ta-adapterebi, integrirebul komponentebTan Sedare-
ori, an oTxi USB porti (Tu Cven gadawyvetili
biT, Cveulebriv ufro maRali maxasiaTeblebiT gamo-
gvaqvs videomonacemebis damuSaveba, SegviZlia da-
irCevian, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba mkveTrad zrdis kom-
vamatoT Fire-Wire porti);
piuteris Rirebulebas.
integrirebuli qseluri adapteri 10/100 Ethernet, an
integrirebuli adapterebis mqone sistemuri
10/100/1000 Ethernet; platis SeZena momxmarebels umetes SemTxvevaSi sa-
gasarTi audio/saTamaSo/MIDI/joistiki/dinamikebi/ Sualebas utovebs momavalSi daayenos calke plata-
mikrofoni; adapterebi. rogorc wesi, audio da videoadapte-
zogierT sistemur plataSi standartuli mim- rebis dayeneba sistemur platebze, romelTac Sesa-
devrobiTi, paraleluri da mausis portebis nac- bamisi integrirebuli komponentebi ukve gaaCniaT,
vlad mxolod USB porti gamoiyeneba. Tu Cven iseTi problemas ar warmoadgens, Tu ar CavTvliT zedmet
periferiuli mowyobilobebi gagvaCnia, romlebic danaxarjebs sistemur plataSi CaSenebul mikrosqe-
sxva portebsac sWiroeben, `Legacy-Free~ sistemuri mebze.
platis SeZenisagan Tavi unda SevikavoT. bevr Micro- yuradReba unda mivaqcioT, rom audio da
ATX sistemur platas integrirebuli audio da vi- videoadapterebis dayenebis dros iseT sistemur
deokontrolerebic gaaCnia. platebze, romelTac Sesabamisi integrirebuli kom-
integrirebuli portebis mxardaWera uzrun- ponentebi ukve gaaCniaT, Windows 98/Me/2000/XP ope-
velyofilia sistemuri platis mikrosqemebis krebu- raciul sistemebSi aqtiuri adapteris avtomatur
liT, an damatebiTi Super I/O mikrosqemiT da inter- gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba sirTuleebi
feisuli komponentebiT. sistemur plataSi integri- Seiqmnas. am SemTxvevaSi araaqtiuri CaSenebuli kon-
rebuli audio da videokontrolerebis gamoyeneba troleri Setup BIOS-Si unda gaiTiSos. nebismieri in-
Tanxis da energomoxmarebis mniSvnelovan ekonomias tegrirebuli komponentisTvis sistemuri platis

67 68
BIOS-is meniuSi gansazRvrulia parametrebi Enable/Di- xmeba kvebis da diskuri mowyobilobebis kabelebi.
sable (CairTos/gamoirTos). mowyobilobebs, rogorc wesi, moyveba misi CarTvis-
oTxi, an meti USB porti, rogorc wesi, or Tvis saWiro kabelebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini
salteze nawildeba. gasarTebis erTi jgufi damon- calke unda SeviZinoT. ATX sistemis erT-erT upi-
taJebulia sistemuri platis ukana mxares, xolo ratesobas sistemuri platis ukan arsebuli CaSe-
meore jgufi _ Tavad sistemur plataze. kabeli, nebuli Setana-gamotanis portebi warmoadgens. es
romelic mocemul gasarTTan erTdeba, meore USB Tavidan gvacilebs Sesabamisi kabelebis gamoyenebis
saltis portis korpusis wina panelze gamotanis aucileblobas, rac damaxasiaTebeli iyo Baby-AT
saSualebas iZleva. USB portebis aseTi wyoba Ta- konstruqciebisTvis.
namedrove korpusebis umetesobaSi gamoiyeneba da
Zalian amartivebs kompiuterTan iseTi mowyobi-
lobebis SeerTebas, rogorebicaa Flash-damgroveb- 5.5. korpusis Sasize sistemuri platis dayeneba
lebi, cifruli kamerebi, MP3 fleerebi da a.S.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, umciresi Rirebu- bazarze farTodaa warmodgenili korpusebis
lebiTi kategoriis zogierT Tanamedrove sistemur ori tipi. erTs gaaCnia moxsnadi paneli sistemuri
platas saerTod ar gaaCnia Super I/O mikrosqema. ase- platis dasayeneblad, xolo meoreSi es paneli ar
Tive sistemuri platebiTaa aRWurvili portatiuli aris moxsnadi.
kompiuterebis umetesoba. ramdenadac `Legacy-Free~ is garemoeba _ paneli ixsneba, Tu ara, ar Se-
sistemebs klaviaturis, mausis, paraleluri da stan- iZleba CavTvaloT korpusis dadebiT, an uaryofiT
dartuli mimdevrobiTi portebi ar gaaCniaT, gare mxared, radgan TiToeul variants Tavisi dadebiTi
mowyobilobebis SesaerTeblad SegviZlia mxolod da uaryofiTi Tvisebebi gaaCnia. magaliTad, Tu
USB portis gamoyeneba. aqedan gamomdinare, Cvens mier paneli moxsnadia, awyoba nawilobriv martivdeba,
SeZenili klaviatura, mausi, printeri, skaneri da magram moxsnadi paneli iaffasian korpusSi SeiZ-
yvela sxva gare mowyobiloba USB interfeisiT unda leba gaxdes xmauris wyaro daubalansebeli fri-
iyos aRWurvili. alas vibraciis dros.
kompiuteris komponentebis dasakavSireblad imavdroulad aramoxsnadi paneli zrdis kor-
dagvWirdeba kabelebis garkveuli krebuli. igulis- pusis sixistes (igulisxmeba `No-Name~ korpusi, rad-

69 70
gan safirmo korpusebs, imisda miuxedavad, paneli nax. 5.8-ze paneli agreTve ar ixsneba. magram
moxsnadia, Tu ara, isedac sakmarisi sixiste gaaC- nax. 5.7-ze naCvenebi korpusisgan gansxvavebiT es
niaT) da korpusi ganbalansebuli frialas dayenebis korpusi Zalian pataraa da masSi sistemuri platis
dros ar vibrirebs. Tumca aramoxsnadi paneli gar- dasayeneblad korpusidan kvebis bloki unda moix-
kveulwilad mouxerxebelia korpusSi sistemuri snas.
platis dayenebisTvis.
nax. 5.6-ze warmodgenilia korpusi moxsnadi
paneliT. misi moxsnisTvis ori xraxni (suraTze Se-
moxazulia) unda movatrialoT da paneli Cvensken
gadmovwioT, ris Semdegac paneli SegviZlia Car-
Codan gamoviRoT. CarCoSi Semavali Sasis mimmarTve-
lebi isriTaa naCvenebi.

nax. 5.7. korpusi aramoxsnadi paneliT

nax. 5.6. korpusi moxsnadi paneliT

nax. 5.7-ze warmodgenilia `koSkis~ tipis kor-

pusi. masSi paneli ar aris moxsnadi.
nax. 5.8. korpusi aramoxsnadi paneliT

71 72
 amis Semdeg, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra tipis
korpusi gvaqvs SeZenili, panels, an korpuss davdebT
magidaze. samagrebs davayenebT ise, rogorc es nax.
5.9-zea warmodgenili.

nax. 5.10 naxvretebi

korpusis Sasize platis mixraxvnis Semdeg

unda movaxdinoT korpusis wina panelze ganTav-
sebuli indikatorebis sistemur platasTan SeerTeba.
maTi SesaerTebeli gasarTi or rigad ganTavsebuli
nax. 5.9. sistemuri platis samagrebi manWvlebis jgufisgan Sedgeba. magaliTebi warmodge-
nilia nax. 5.11 da nax. 5.12-ze.
bevri mwarmoebeli uSvebs korpusebs samag-
rebis gareSe. am SemTxvevaSi sistemuri plata Sasis
gamonawevebze magrdeba, romlebSic xvrelebia gabur-
Ruli da kuTxvilia amoWrili.
vayenebT samagrebs. vaTasebT maTze sistemur
platas, rogorc es nax. 5.10-zea naCvenebi. Seva-
TavsebT sistemur plataze vintebis naxvretebs sa-
magrebis naxvretebTan, an Sasis Sesabamis naxvre-
tebTan, Tu samagrebi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
sistemur platas vintebiT vamagrebT. vintebis
mTeli ZaliT moWera saWiro ar aris. nax. 5.11. koneqtorebi

73 74
 indikatorebis araswor SeerTebas fatalur
Sedegebamde ar mivyavarT, Tumca mouxerxebelia Sem-
dgomSi kompiuterTan muSaobisTvis. amitom kvebis
pirveli CarTvis dros yuradReba unda mivaqcioT,
funqcionirebs Tu ara yvela indikatori. Tu es ase
ar aris, unda davrwmundeT, rom SeerTebebi swore-
daa gakeTebuli. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeerTe-
bebi Tavidan unda SevasruloT.
indikatorebis SeerTeba umjobesia Sasize da-
magrebuli sistemuri platis korpusSi moTavsebamde
movaxdinoT. es ufro mosaxerxebelia. Tu sistemuri
plata uSualod korpusze yendeba, umjobesia jer
nax. 5.12. koneqtorebi indikatorebis SeerTeba, xolo Semdeg sistemuri
platis korpusSi dayeneba.
SeerTebis dros unda davicvaT polaroba. fe- indikatorebis SeerTebis Semdeg sistemuri
radi gamtari yovelTvis unda iyos SeerTebuli plata korpusSi unda davayenoT.
plusTan, xolo Savi an TeTri _ minusTan. yvelaze korpusSi, rogorc wesi, ar aris amotexili
ufro ukeTesi iqneba, Tu sistemuri platis dokumen- CamxSobebi, romlebic faraven portebisTvis arsebul
taciidan gavarkvevT, Tu romeli indikatori sad naxvretebs. nax. 5.13-ze naCvenebia CamxSobebi, romle-
erTdeba. Tu dokumentacia ar gagvaCnia, orientacia bic unda amovtexoT.
sistemur plataze arsebuli warwerebiT unda mo- am mizniT yvelaze ufro mosaxerxebelia sax-
vaxdinoT. nax. 5.12-ze warmodgenil yovel koneqtors raxnisis gamoyeneba, romelsac CamxSobis gare mxri-
warwera gaaCnia, rac mniSvnelovnad amartivebs maT dan davawvebiT. CamxSobi gaiRuneba, xolo aqeT-iqiT
SeerTebas. Tu koneqtorebs warwerebi ar gaaCniaT, amoZravebiT amotydeba. zedmeti CamxSobebis mocile-
unda SevxedoT, Tu korpusis wina panelze romeli bis Semdeg Sasize damagrebul sistemur platas kor-
wyvili sad aris mirCiluli. aqedan gamodinare mo- pusSi davayenebT da korpusze xraxnebiT mivamagrebT.
vaxdenT maT SeerTebas.

75 76
 nax. 5.13. CamxSobebi, romlebic unda amovtexoT

korpusSi dayenebuli sistemuri platebi naCve-

nebia nax. 5.14-ze da nax. 5.15-ze.
nax. 5.15. sistemuri plata dayenebulia korpusSi
aramoxsnadi paneliT

nax. 5.14 sistemuri plata dayenebulia

korpusSi moxsnadi paneliT

77 78
 Tavi VI rac Seexeba Zip, LS-120 da sxva formatis dam-
diskuri mowyobilobebis CarTva groveblebs drekad diskebze, albaT maTze ukve uari
unda vTqvaT CD/DVD diskuri mowyobilobebis sasar-
6.1. personaluri kompiuteris standartuli geblod.
diskuri mowyobilobebi
vinCesteri
drekad diskebze damgroveblebi vinCesteri (nax. 6.2) personaluri kompiute-
bolo periodSi monacemebis ZiriTad mata- rebis ZiriTad diskur mowyobilobas warmoadgens.
rebels optikuri diskebi warmoadgenen. Tumca dre- Tanamedrove sistemebSi rekomendirebulia araumci-
kad diskur mowyobilobebze damgrovebeli 1,44 mb res 80 gb tevadobis vinCesterebis gamoyeneba, Tumca
diskebTan samuSaod (nax. 6.1) kvlav rCeba kompi- kargad gawyobil kompiuters 160 gb da meti teva-
uteris erT-erT standartul diskur mowyobilobad dobis vinCesteri unda gaaCndes.
da misi mxardaWera amJamadac faqtiurad yvela Tana-
medrove sistemur platas gaaCnia.

nax. 6.2. vinCesteri

nax. 6.1 drekad diskebze damgrovebeli tradiciulad, vinCesteris yvelaze gavrcele-

bul interfeiss ATA (IDE) warmoadgenda. Tanamedrove

79 80
sistemuri platebis umetesoba aRWurvilia SATA in- moirCeva da ATA (SATA) sistemebTan SedarebiT ufro
tefeisiTac (nax. 6.3). `inteleqtualuria~.

nax. 6.3. ATA da SATA kontrolerebi

nax. 6.4. SATA damgrovebeli
Tanamedrove SATA da ATA 100/ 133 vinCesterebs
faqtiurad erTi da igive warmadoba gaaCniaT. Tumca
Tanamedrove sistemebSi optimaluria mainc SATA
damgroveblebis (nax. 6.4) gamoyeneba. es dakavSire-
bulia sistemur platasTan damakavSirebeli kabelis
sigrZis zrdasTan da siganis SemcirebasTan, rac
amartivebs vinCesteris SeerTebas da aumjobesebs
kompiuteris ventilacias. agreTve SATA vinCestere-
bis warmadobis Semdgomi zrdis perspeqtivac unda
nax. 6.5. SCSI sistema
gaviTvaliswinoT.
serverebSi umetesad SCSI sistema gamoiyeneba.
SCSI sistemas Setana-gamotanis funqciebTan
(nax. 6.5). igi vinCesterebis masivis mxardaWeriT ga-
dakavSirebuli procesoris samuSaos nawilis Tavis

81 82
Tavze aReba SeuZlia. es ki gansakuTrebiT mniSvne-
lovania serverebisTvis, romlebSic mravali momxma-
reblis mxardaWera da rTuli failuri moTxovnebis
damuSavebis SesaZlebloba unda iyos re-alizebuli.
CD/DVD damgroveblebi
dReisaTvis CD/DVD damgrovebeli (nax. 6.6) kom-
piuteris ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens. Tanamed-
rove programuli uzrunvelyofa praqtikulad mTli-
anad CD-diskebis saSualebiT, xolo multimedia-in-
formacia DVD-diskebis saSualebiT vrceldeba.
nax. 6.5. DVD damgrovebeli
ufro universaluria DVD diskuri mowyobilo-
bebis gamoyeneba, radgan maT gaaCniaT rogorc CD-,
aseve DVD diskebis mxardaWerac. praqtikulad yvela
Tanamedrove sistemas gaaCnia CD/DVD diskebidan Cat-
virTvis SesaZleblobac.
83
6.2. diskuri mowyobilobebis dayeneba da
konfigurireba
sistemuri platis, operatiuli mexsierebis da
adapterebis dayenebis Semdeg unda davayenoT dis-
kuri mowyobilobebi _ vinCesteri, CD/DVD-diskuri
mowyobiloba da drekadi diskuri mowyobiloba. Tum-
ca am ukanasknelis dayeneba Tanamedrove kompiute-
rebSi aRar aris aucilebeli, radgan drekad dikze
Senaxuli informaciis moculoba mizerulad mcirea,
xolo sistemuri problemebis SemTxvevaSi kompiute-
ris diagnostikisaTvis da sistemis aRdgenisaTvis
SesaZlebelia kompiuteris CD-diskidan CatvirTvac.
pirvel rigSi sicxade SevitanoT gamoyenebul
terminebSi, romlebic diskuri mowyobilobebis fi-
zikur zomebs axasiaTeben. arsebobs 5,25-duimiani da
3,5-diuimiani diskuri mowyobilobebi. am parametre-
biT sinamdvileSi ar izRudeba absoluturad yvela
diskuri mowyobilobis zomebi, Tumca standarti
swored aseTia.
5,25-diuimiani diskuri mowyobilobebi korpu-
sis zeda nakveTurebSi yendeba. rogorc wesi, mcire
gamonaklisiT, 5,25-diuimian diskur mowyobilobebs
wina paneli gaCniaT, romelzedac mowyobilobis mar-
Tvis organoebia ganTavsebuli. 5,25-diuimiani disku-
ri mowyobilobebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli saxeobaa
CD/DVD-diskuri mowyobilobebi. korpusi SeiZleba
84
daproeqtebuli iyos rogorc ori, aseve eqvsi 5,25-di- vinCesterebisaTvis 2-4 slotia gaTvaliswinebuli.
uimiani diskuri mowyobilobis dayenebisTvis. yvela- servere-bisTvis maTi raodenoba SeiZleba metic
feri korpusis modelzea damokidebuli. iyos. vinCesterebis dasayenebeli nakveTurebi sxva
3,5-diuimiani diskuri mowyobilobebis yvelaze nakveTurebis qvemoT imyofebian da maT korpusis
gavrcelebuli warmomadgenlebia vinCesteri da dre- wina panelze naxvretebi ar gaaCniaT.
kadi diskuri mowyobiloba. korpusebs, rogorc wesi, drekadi diskuri mowyobiloba Semdegnairad
ar gaaCniaT bevri nakveTuri gare panelis mqone 3,5- unda dayendes:
diuimiani diskuri mowyobilobebis dayenebisTvis. vacilebT 3,5-duimiani diskuri mowyobilobis Cam-
maTi raodenoba, Cveulebriv, 2-3-ia. xSobs. Cveulebriv, amisTvis korpusis wina panel-
3,5-diuimiani drekadi diskuri mowyobilobebis- ze plastikuri firfita unda moixsnas.
Tvis korpusis wina panelze gaTvaliswinebulia Cam- wina panelis mxridan diskur mowyobilobas va-
xSobi, sadac standartuli drekadi diskuri mow- TavsebT misTvis gankuTvnil nakveTurSi da kor-
yobilobebis garda SesaZlebelia Jaz, Zip da sxva da- pusze WanWikebiT vamagrebT.
matebiTi damgroveblebis dayeneba. interfeisul kabels, romelic, rogorc wesi, Se-
yuradReba unda mivaqcioT, rom zogjer SeiZ- dis sistemuri platis kompleqtSi (sur. 6.6), vaer-
leba saWiro gaxdes vinCesteris 5,25-diuimian ganyo- TebT erTis mxriv deda platis FDD gasarTTan,
filebaSi dayeneba. es iZulebiTi RonisZiebaa, rode- xolo meores mxriv _ diskuri mowyobilobis
sac korpusSi 3,5-diuimian ganyofilebebs (otsekebs) interfeisul gasarTTan. interfeisuli kabelis
Soris manZili imdenad mcirea, rom ori vinCesteri feradi mavTuli unda SeuerTdes orive gasarTis
erTmaneTTan Zalian axlos Tavsdeba. am SemTxvevaSi pirvel kontaqtebs.
mZlavri damatebiTi gagrilebac ki araefeqturi iqne-
vaerTebT diskur mowyobilobasTan kvebis kabels,
ba imis gamo, rom erTi vinCesteris eleqtruli pla-
romelic kvebis blokidan gamodis. gasarTi aR-
ta meore vinCesters TiTqmis exeba.
Wurvilia gasaRebiT gamonawevis saxiT, amitom
vinCesteris dasayenebeli nakveTurebis raode-
misi araswori CarTva SeuZlebelia.
noba gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva modelis korpusebis-
nax. 6.7-ze warmodgenilia gasarTebi IDE dis-
Tvis. Cveulebrivi korpusebisTvis, romlebic orien-
kuri mowyobilobebis da drekadi diskuri mowyobi-
tirebulia saofised da saxlSi gamoyenebisaTvis,
lobebis sistemur platasTan SesaerTeblad.

85 86

sur. 6.6. interfeisuri kabeli drekadi diskuri
mowyobilobebisTvis
IDE mowyobilobebis SesaerTebel pirvel
ports pirvel, an pirvelad arxs uwodeben. Tanamed-
rove sistemuri platebis umetesobaze igi lurji
ferisaa. IDE mowyobilobebis SesaerTebeli meore
porti, romelsac meore, an meorad arxs uwodeben,
Tanamedrove sistemuri platebis umetesobaze Savi
ferisaa. SedarebiT mcire zomisaa drekadi diskuri
mowyobilobis porti. Tu portebi ferebiT ar gan-
sxvavdebian, sistemur plataze aucileblad data-
nilia markireba IDE1 (Primary) da IDE2 (Secondary).
axla ganvixiloT rogor konfigurirdebian da
irTvebian vinCesterebi da CD-diskuri mowyobilobe-
bi.
yoveli vinCesteri, an CD-diskuri mowyobilo-
ba SeiZleba iyos ZiriTadi (Master), an meoradi (Slave).
SesaZlebelia diskur mowyobilobebs mkacrad davu-
niSnoT (Master/Slave), an avirCioT Cable Select reJimi. am
SemTxvevaSi Sleifis SeerTebis mixedviT gadawydeba,
Tu romeli mowyobiloba iqneba Master, xolo romeli
_ Slave. dadgena imis mixedviT moxdeba, Tu diskuri
mowyobiloba Sleifis romel gasarTTan iqneba Seer-
Tebuli. parametri (Master/Slave/Cable Select) diskur mo-
wyobilobebze damontaJebuli specialuri jamperebis
saSualebiT moicema. jamperi warmoadgens gadam-
rTvels, romelic manWvlisgan da SesarTavisgan
Sedgeba.

nax. 6.7. IDE da FDD portebi sistemur plataze

87 88
 vinCesterebze da CD-diskur mowyobilobebze,
rogorc wesi, specialuri cxrili daitaneba, rom-
lis safuZvelzec xdeba jamperebis konfigurireba
(nax. 6.8, 6.9).

nax. 6.9. warwerebi CD-diskur mowyobilobaze. igi

konfigurirebulia, rogorc Slave

nax. 6.8. cxrili vinCesterze

nax. 6.9-ze warmodgenili CD-diskuri mowyo-

biloba konfigurirebulia, rogorc Slave. nax. 6.10-
6.12-ze naCvenebia jamperebis ZiriTadi mdgomareobebi
vinCesteris konfigurirebisaTvis. Tu SevadarebT
vinCesteris cxrils, SegviZlia vTqvaT, jamperebis
romeli mdgomareoba vinCesteris muSaobis romel
reJims Seesabameba.

nax. 6.10. Master

89 90
 bamisad, konfigurirebas. aucileblad unda gvaxsov-
des, rom erT Sleifze SeiZleba SeerTebuli iyos
mxolod erTi mTavari da erTi marTuli diskuri
mowyobiloba. yvelaze ufro xSirad gavrcelebuli
kombinaciebia:
sistemas erTi vinCesteri da erTi CD-diskuri
mowyobiloba gaaCnia. am SemTxvevaSi vinCesters
erTi SleifiT sistemur plataze pirvel arxTan
vaerTebT da vinCesterze Master-s vayenebT. meore
SleifiT CD-diskur mowyobilobas sistemuri
platis meore arxTan vaerTebT da afreTve Master-
s vayenebT. amrigad, sistemuri platis TiToeul
nax. 6.11. Slave
arxTan TiTo diskuri mowyobiloba iqneba Seer-
Tebuli.
sistemas vinCesteri da ori CD-diskuri mowyobi-
loba gaaCnia. am SemTxvevaSi vinCesters erTi
SleifiT sistemur plataze pirvel arxTan va-
erTebT da Master-s vayenebT. meore SleifiT orive
CD-diskur mowyobilobas sistemur plataze me-
ore arxTan vaerTebT. erT CD-diskur mowyobilo-
baze vayenebT Master-s, xolo meoreze _ Slave-s. am
SemTxvevaSi kontroleris pirvel arxTan erTi
diskuri mowyobiloba iqneba SeerTebuli, xolo
meore arxTan _ ori diskuri mowyobi-loba.
nax. 6.12. Cable Select
sistemas ori vinCesteri da erTi CD-diskuri mow-
yobiloba gaaCnia. am SemTxvevaSi erTi SleifiT
amis Semdeg unda ganvsazRvroT, Tu rogor va-
pirvel vinCesters sistemur plataze pirvel ar-
pirebT diskuri mowyobilobebis SeerTebas, da, Sesa-

91 92
 xTan vaerTebT da vinCesterze Master-s vayenebT.
meore vinCesters amave SleifiT vaerTebT, magram
masze Slave-s vayenebT. CD-diskur mowyobilobas me-
ore SleifiT sistemur plataze meore arxTan
vaerTebT da Master-s vayenebT. amrigad, pirvel
arxTan ori vinCesteri aRmoCndeba SeerTebuli,
xolo meore arxTan _ mxolod CD-diskuri mowyo-
biloba.
sistemas ori vinCesteri da ori CD-diskuri mow-
yobiloba gaaCnia. am SemTxvevaSi erTi SleifiT
pirvel vinCesters sistemur plataze pirvel ar-
xTan vaerTebT da vinCesterze Master-s vayenebT.
meore vinCesters imave SleifiT vaerTebT, magram
masze Slave-s vayenebT. meore SleifiT pirvel CD-
diskur mowyobilobas sistemur plataze meore
arxTan vaerTebT da Master-s vayenebT. meore CD-
diskur mowyobilobas imave SleifiT vaerTebT,
magram masze Slave-s vayenebT.
zogjer gvxvdeba sistemebi, romlebSic auci-
lebelia 4-ze meti IDE diskuri mowyobilobis (vin-
Cesterebi, CD da sxva tipis diskuri mowyobilobebi)
gamoyeneba. am problemis gadasaWrelad damatebiTi
IDE kontrolerebi unda SeviZinoT, romlebic PCI
slotSi yendeba.
amrigad, diskuri mowyobilobebis dayeneba
Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT sruldeba:
93
Tu sistemur bloks moxsnadi nakveTuri gaaCnia,
romelic vinCesterisa da drekadi diskuri mo-
wyobilobebis dasayeneblad gamoiyeneba, igi unda
gamoviRoT.
movxsniT damgroveblebs mimmarTvelebs (Tu ga-
aCnia).
diskur mowyobilobebSi jamperebs iseTnairad va-
yenebT, rom muSaobis arCeul reJimebs (Master, Sla-
ve, Cable select) Seesabamebodnen;
vayenebT diskur mowyobilobebs Sesabamis nakve-
TurebSi da xraxnebiT vamagrebT (rogor wesi,
xraxnebis raodenoba oTxia). farTod gavrcelebu-
li Secdomaa diskuri mowyobilobebis saerTod
ardamagreba, an mxolod erTi xraxniT damagreba.
davimaxsovroT, rom diskuri mowyobilobebis
(gansakuTrebiT vinCesteris) yvela xraxniT kor-
pusze mWidro damagreba nakleb vibracias da uke-
Tes Tboarinebas uzrunvelyofs. am SemTxvevaSi
korpusi radiatoris funqcias asrulebs. vinCes-
teri naklebad xurdeba da monacemebis dakargvis
albaTobac mcirdeba.
Tu sistemas moxsnadi nakveTuri gaaCnia, vayenebT
masSi damgrovebels da kompiuteris korpusSi va-
TavsebT. damgrovebels xraxnebiT vamagrebT (Se-
sabamisi standartis xraxnebi, rogorc wesi, kor-
puss moyveba).
94
 Sleifs grZeli mxriT (lurji gasarTiT) sis-
temuri platis gasarTTan vaerTebT. Sav gasarTs
vaerTebT im diskur mowyobilobasTan, romelic
konfigurirebulia, rogorc Master. nacrisfer ga-
sarTs Slave diskur mowyobilobasTan vaerTebT
(Tu aseTi arsebobs).
igive operaciebis Tanmimdevrobas vasrulebT me-
ore Sleifze. masTan danarCen diskur mowyobi-
lobebs vaerTebT (Tu isini arseboben)
SATA interfeisSi wamyvani da marTuli (Mas-
ter/Slave) mowyobilobebis cneba ar arsebobs. gasar-
Tebi mxolod kabelis boloebSia ganTavsebuli. yo- nax. 6.13. 80-gamtariani Sleifi

veli SeerTebuli diskuri mowyobiloba damouki-

debel mowyobilobas warmoadgens da Zveli standar-
tis mixedviT rogorc Master with no Slave Present gani-
xileba. Tumca, Zvel standartTan SeTavsebadobis
dacvis mizniT, Master/Slave reJimSi muSaobacaa neba-
darTuli. am dros mimarTvebi sxvadasxva SATA por-
tebs Soris gadanawildeba.
6.3. Sleifebis standartebi
axali standartis, 80-gamtarian IDE Sleifebs
feradi gasarTebi gaaCniaT. pirveli gasarTi lur-
jia, meore _ Savi, xolo mesame _ TeTri. 80-gamta-
riani Sleifi warmodgenilia nax. 6.13-ze.
yuradReba unda mivaqcioT, rom lurj da Sav
gasarTebs Soris manZili metia, vidre Sav da nac-
risfer gasarTebs Soris. igive suraTia 40-gamta-
riani kabelisTvisac (nax. 6.14) im gansxvavebiT, rom
yvela gasarTi Savia. gvaxsovdes, rom Sleifi sis-
temur platis gasarTebs (rogorc pirvelads, aseve
meorads) yovelTvis grZeli mxriT, an lurji gasar-
TiT uerTdeba. Master diskuri mowyobiloba Sav ga-
sarTs uerTdeba, xolo Slave diskuri mowyobiloba _
nacrisfer gasarTs. 40-gamtariani kabelisaTvis Mas-
ter diskuri mowyobiloba uerTdeba Sua, xolo Slave
diskuri mowyobiloba _ gare gasarTs.
yuradReba unda mivaqcioT, rom sistemuri pla-
tis da diskuri mowyobilobebis gasarTebs

95 96
gasaRebebi gaaCniaT, rac SeuZlebels xdis Sleifis TavsebT sistemuri platis gasarTs. diskuri mowyo-
araswor SeerTebas. bilobebisTvis (vinCesteri, CD-diskuri mowyobiloba)
pirveli kontaqti, rogorc wesi, kvebis gasarTis
gverdiT imyofeba.
Tu Cven zedmetad CavTvliT jamperebSi da
SleifebSi garkvevas, yvela diskur mowyobilobis
jampers Cable select mdgomareobaSi davayenebT, Sleifs
grZeli mxridan SevaerTebT sistemuri platis gasar-
TTan, xolo Sleifis darCenil gasarTebTan Sevaer-
TebT diskur mowyobilobebs. maTi konfigurireba
avtomaturad moxdeba.
gamtarebis raodenoba SATA kabelSi (nax. 6.15)
nax. 6.14. 40-gamtariani Sleifi bevrad ufro naklebia paralelur ATA kabelTan Se-
darebiT, amitom igi bevrad ufro kompaqturi da mo-
saxerxebelia.
nax. 6.14-ze kargad moCans gasaRebi (-tipis ga-
monawevi gasarTze). samwuxarod, bevr Zvel Sleifs
ar gaaCnia gasaRebebi, rac SesaZlebels xdis maT
araswor SeerTebas. gadabrunebuli SleifiT disku-
ri mowyobilobis sistemuri platis gasarTTan Seer-
Teba sistemas ar daazianebs, Tumca SeuZlebels gax-
dis muSaobas. bevr Sleifze kiduri mavTuli wiT-
ladaa markirebuli. igi warmoadgens pirvel kon-
taqts Sleifze da gasarTze. Tu Cven gvaqvs Sleifi
gasaRebis gareSe, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT sis-
nax. 6.15. SATA kabeli
temuri platis markirebas gasarTis gverdiT. iq
aucileblad iqneba cifri 1. swored igi warmoadgens
unda aRvniSnoT, rom SATA interfeisis kvebis
pirvel kontaqts. Sleifis markirebul gasarTs vu-
gasarTi (nax. 6.16) paraleluri ATA interfeisis kve-

97 98
bis gasarTs zomiT aRemateba. es dakavSirebulia
SATA interfeisSi damatebiT +3,3 v Zabvis gamoyene-
basTan.
nax. 6.16. SATA interfeisis kvebis gasarTi
CD-ROM diskuri mowyobilobaze interfeisul
da mkvebav gasarTebTan erTad agreTve audio gamo-
sasvlelis ori gasarTi da damiwebis klemacaa gan-
Tavsebuli.
analoguri audio gamosasvleli, specialuri
Sleifis saSualebiT, kompiuterSi dayenebul zogi-
erT audioplatas uerTdeba. cifruli audio gamo-
sasvleli gankuTvnilia cifrul audiomowyobilo-
bebTan mierTebisaTvis. damiwebis klema Cveulebriv
kompiuteris korpuss uerTdeba.

ramdenadac SATA paraleluri ATA interfeisis

Semdgom ganviTarebas warmoadgens, momxmarebels,
specialuri adapterebis gamoyenebiT, ATA-100 da ATA-
133 vinCesterebis SATA interfeisTan SeerTebac Se-
uZlia.
nax. 6.17-ze warmodgenilia erT-erTi aseTi
adapteri _ HighPoint RocketHead-100.

nax. 6.17. SATA-adapteri HighPoint RocketHead-100.

99 100
 Tavi VII romelic faqtiurad yvela Tanamedrove videoadap-
adapterebis dayeneba kompiuterSi terSia CaSenebuli.

7.1. videoadapteri da monitori

mcire zomis elementebTan samuSaod minimum 17-

diuimian monitorebis gamoyenebaa rekomendirebuli,
radgan ufro mcire zomis monitorebs 1024X768 ga-
dawyvetis mqone gamosaxulebis detalebis xarisxi-
ani gadmocema ar SeuZliaT da saWiro xdeba 800X600
gadawyvetaze gadarTva. rasakvirvelia, 1024X768 ga-
dawyvetiT muSaoba 15-diuimian monitorebsac SeuZ-
liaT, magram problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom gamo-
saxulebis mcire detalebis garCeva rTuli iqneba. nax. 7.1. Samsung syncmaster 793 monitori
Tu Cven vyidulobT monitors eleqtronul- eleqtronul-sxivuri milakiT
sxivuri milakiT (nax. 7.1), yuradReba unda mivaqcioT
wertilebs Soris dacilebas (unda iyos 0,28 piq-
seli/diuimze, an ufro naklebi).
amJamad umetesad Txevadkristaluri (LCD) mo-
nitorebi gamoiyeneba (nax. 7.2). 15-diuimiani Txevad-
kristaluri monitori ekranis xedvadi nawilis zo-
mebis mixedviT 17-diuimiani eleqtronul-sxivur mo-
nitoris eqvivalenturia. umetes SemTxvevaSi monito-
rebi Cveulebriv analogur VGA ports uerTdebian,
Tumca Txevadkristaluri monitorebis bevri Tana-
medrove modeli mxolod DVI gasarTTan muSaobs,

nax. 7.2. Samsung 913N LCD monitori

101 102
 Tu Cven monitoris `sakuTari~ gadawyvetiT mu-
Saobas vapirebT (17-diuimiani Txevadkristaluri mo-
nitorisTvis 1280X1024, 15-diuimiani Txevadkristalu-
ri monitorisTvis 1024X768), umjobesia Txevadkrista-
luri monitoris gamoyeneba. Tu gvWirdeba gadawyve-
tis xSiri cvla (gansakuTrebiT grafikasTan muSa-
obis dros) umjobesia eleqtronul-sxivur milakiani
monitori SeviZinoT.
videoadapteri da monitori erTmaneTs rege-
neraciis sixSiris mixedviT unda uTavsdebodnen. nax. 7.3. PCI Express 16x standartis videpoadapteri
gamosaxulebis cimcimis Tavidan asacileblad kad-
rebis sixSire unda iyos araumcires 72 hercisa (rac
meti, ukeTesi). Tu videoadapters iseT sixSireze
davayenebT, romlis mxardaWerac monitors ar gaaC-
nia, monitori SeiZleba daziandes.
amJamad ZiriTadad videoadapterebis ori stan-
darti gamoiyeneba: Tanamedrove Pentium 4 kompiutereb-
Si PCI Express 16x (nax. 7.3), xolo Pentium II-III da Seda-
rebiT Zveli modelis Pentium 4 kompiuterebSi _ AGP
4x/8x (nax. 7.3).
dResdReobiT mcire raodenobiT PCI videoadap-
terebic iwarmoeba, romelTa dayenebac ori moni-
toris erTdrouli gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
dagvWirdes. es funqcia sakmaod sasargebloa zogi- nax. 7.4. AGP 8x standartis videpoadapteri

erT gamoyenebiT programaSi muSaobis dros da mas

mxars uWers yvela Tanamedrove operaciuli sistema Tumca Tu sistema Tavidanve ormonitorian re-
_ Windows 98/Me/ 2000/XP. JimSi muSaobisTvisaa gankuTvnili, umjobesia speci-
aluri orgamosasvleliani videokontroleris daye-

103 104
neba. es saSualebas mogvcems Tavidan aviciloT Se- lebelia API DirectX-is mxardaWera. amJamad parale-
saZlebeli aparaturuli konfliqtebi, draiverebis luri PCI da mimdevrobiTi PCI Express 1x standartis
da BIOS-is konfliqtebi, romlebmac ori videoadap- audiokontrolerebi iwarmoeba (ISA standartis
teris dayenebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iCinon Tavi. audiokontrolerebi moralurad moZvelebulia).
videoadapteris SeZenis dros yuradReba unda nax. 7.5-ze warmodgenilia paraleluri PCI
mivaqcioT mis SesaZleblobebs or- da samganzomi- standartis audiokontroleri.
lebian grafikaSi muSaobis dros. Tanamedrove Tama-
Sebi grafikuli monacemebis damuSavebis siCqaris mi-
marT sakmaod momTxovni arian, amitom umjobesia
NVIDIA, an ATI kompaniebis maRalmwarmoebluri video-
adapterebi SeviZinoT.

7.2. audiokontroleri da akustikuri sistema

nebismieri multimediuri kompiuterisTvis au-

diokontroleris da gare akustikuri sistemis (di- nax. 7.5. audiokontroleri AUDIGY2-VALUE
namikebi, yursacmebi da a.S) arseboba aucilebel
moTxovnas warmoadgens. Tanamedrove sistemuri pla-
tebis umetesobas integrirebuli audiokontrole- 7.3. grafikuli adapteris dayeneba
rebi gaaCniaT. Tumca maRali xarisxobrivi maCve-
neblebis mqone audiosistemis uzrunvelyofa mxo-
sistemuri platis dayenebisa da korpusSi da-
lod audioadapterebis gamoyenebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
magrebis Semdeg SegviZlia daviwyoT adapterebis
audioadapteri unda iyos SeTavsebadi Creative dayeneba. imisaTvis, rom davrwmundeT Cvens mier
Labs korporaciis Sound Blaster standartisa. es auci- awyobili kompiuteris gamarTulobaSi, aucilebelia
lebeli moTxovnaa MS-DOS operaciuli sistemisaT- sistemur plataze videoplatis dayeneba, raTa
vis. Windows sistemaSi muSaobis dros agreTve auci-

105 106
SevZloT Cveni kompiuteris muSaobis Semowmeba moni- videoadapteris gasarTze Camketi gaaaCnia, romelic
toris ekranze. videoadapters amagrebs (nax. 7.7).
videokontroleri erTaderT aucilebel adap-
ters warmoadgens. mis fareSe kompiuteri ar Cair-
Tveba, ufro swored gamoscems erT xangrZliv da
sam xanmokle signals, riTac video-adapteris prob-
lemis Sesaxeb gvatyobinebs da Cerdeba. nax. 7.6 da
nax. 7.7-ze warmodgenilia kompiuterSi dayenebuli
videoadapterebi.

nax. 7.7. kompiuterSi dayenebuli videoadapteri

arsebuli videoadapteris Secvlisas (an in-

tegrirebuli videodan srulfasovan videosistemaze
gadasvlisas) unda wavSaloT videokontroleris
arsebuli draiveri, gamovrToT kompiuteri da Sev-
cvaloT plata.
nax. 7.6. kompiuterSi dayenebuli videoadapteri dResdReobiT videoplatebis ori ZiriTadi
standarti gamoiyeneba _ platebi PCI express da AGP
yvela Tanamedrove sistemur plataze video-
interfeisebiT. amJamad iSviaTad gamoyenebuli pla-
adapteris gasarTi slotebs Soris pirvelia. igi
tebi paraleluri PCI interfeisiT sistemuri pla-
imyofeba yvelaze maRla, rodesac sistemuri plata
tis nebismier PCI-slotSi SeiZleba iqnan dayene-
korpusSi dayenebulia da korpusi vertikaluradaa
bulni da kvebis CarTvisas sistema maT avtomaturad
dadgmuli. gasarTis feri agreTve gansxvavdeba sxva
aRmoaCens. AGP interfeiss videoplatis dasayeneblad
gasarTebis ferebisagan. zogierT sistemur platas
mxolod erTi gasarTi gaaCnia amitom videoplatis

107 108
dayenebis adgili calsaxad gansazRvrulia. igive raTa plata gasarTSi bolomde moTavsdes (nax.
SegviZlia vTqvaT PCI express standartis video- 7.8). amasTan erTad, sistemuri platis dazianebis
platebzec. Tavidan asacileblad, unda vecadoT, rom
kompiuteris korpusis ukana panelze, im adgi- videoadapterze daWerisas sistemuri plata mniS-
lebis gaswvriv, sadac SesaZlebelia sistemur pla- vnelovnad ar iRunebodes. amisTvis unda vecadoT,
taze damatebiTi plata-kontrolerebis dayeneba, rom adapteri ara horizontalur sibrtyeSi, ara-
aris sworkuTxa naxvretebi, Caketili CamxSobebiT. med mxolod vertikalurad qveviT vamoZravoT. Tu
CamxSobebi WanWikebiT damagrebul nawilobriv CaW- videoplatis dayeneba garTulda, masze msubuqad
ril naxvretebs an metalur firfitebs warmoad- davaWerT. Tu saWiroa, dawolas gavzrdiT rig-
genen. rigobiT, xan erT da xan meore mxares manam, sanam
kontroleris dayenebamde igi unda movazomoT adapteri gasarTSi mTlianad ar moTavsdeba.
AGP, PCI Express an PCI gasarTs, korpusis ukana pa-
nelis Sesabamisi CamxSobis gansazRvrisaTvis.
es CamxSobi unda movaciloT, raTa gavxsnaT
gza videoplatis gamosasvleli gasarTisaken.
vacilebT metalur CamxSobs korpusis ukana pa-
nelidan. amisTvis amoviRebT xraxns da movxsniT
im slotis gaswvriv arsebul saxuravs, romelSic
videoadapters vayenebT.
Tu Cven damiwebis mavTuls ar viyenebT, kvebis
bloks unda SevexoT, rac aparaturuli kom-
ponentebis dazianebas agvacilebs Tavidan. nax. 7.8. videoadapteris dayeneba
videoadapters saWiro slotSi vayenebT. kom-
piuteris korpuss imgvarad vaTavsebT, rom sis- rodesac videoadapteri gasarTSi bolomde mo-
temurma platam horizontaluri mdebareoba mi- Tavsdeba, misi samagri sistemuri blokis ukana
iRos. vayenebT videokontrolers misTvis gankuT- panelTze unda mivaxraxnoT. am mizniT videop-
vnil gasarTSi da frTxilad vaWerT zemodan, latis Tamasaze aris specialuri CanaWeri, xolo

109 110
 kompiuteris korpusSi _ naxvreti WanWikisaTvis,
an SurupisaTvis. Tu videoadapters
raxniT, igi droTa ganmavlobaSi saltis slo-
tidan SeiZleba amovardes (Tundac monitoris ka-
belis moxsna-SeerTebis dros) da kompiuteri
aRar CairTveba.
adapteris gasarTs monitoris kabels vuerTebT.
Tu axali videoadapteri DVI-I gasarTiTaa aRWur-
vili, xolo monitori _ mxolod 15-kontaqtiani
VGA-gasarTiT, Sesabamisi gadamyvani unda gamovi-
yenoT (xSirad aseTi gadamyvani adapters moyveba,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi calke unda SeviZinoT).
Tu videosistema CaSenebulia sistemuri pla-
tis mikrosqemaTa krebulSi, axali videoadapteris
PCI Express/AGP/PCI slotSi dayenebisas CaSenebuli
grafikuli procesori avtomaturad iTiSeba. zogi-
erT SemTxvevaSi amisTvis SeiZleba sistemuri pla-
tis jamperis Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi
(dokumentaciis mixedviT), an Setup BIOS-dan CaSene-
buli grafikuli procesoris gaTiSva gaxdes sa-
Wiro.
7.4. sxva plata-adapterebis dayeneba
ar mivax-
videoadapteris dayenebis Semdeg unda dava-
yenoT sxva adapterebic.
yoveli damatebiTi mowyobilobis damontaJeba,
romelic kompiuteris sistemur plataze dayenebis-
Tvisaa gankuTvnili (xmovani da qseluri qseluri
kontrolerebi, modemebi, sxvadasxva damatebiTi adap-
terebi), xdeba iseve, rogorc videoplatis dayeneba.
personalur kompiuterebSi umetesad Semdegi
saxis plata-adapterebi yendeba: qseluri, audio,
video, SCSI-kontrolerebi. maTi dayenebisTvis siste-
mur plataze gaTvaliswinebulia gafarToebis gasar-
Tebi (slotebi).
platas frTxilad vkidebT xels kuTxeebSi.
mikrosqemebs da eleqtrul kavSirebs ar unda Se-
vexoT. platas qveda mxriT, romelzedac metaluri
dayeneba kontaqtebia datanili, Sesabamis gasarTSi CavuSvebT
da platas zeda mxridan davaWerT, raTa is Tavis
adgilas moTavsdes.
nax. 7.9-ze warmodgenilia kompiuteri dayene-
buli adapterebiT.
Cvevad unda miviRoT yvela adapteris kor-
pusze vintiT damagreba. nax. 7.9-ze warmodgenili
yvela carieli sloti, romelSic adapteri ar aris
dayenebuli, CamxSobiTaa daxuruli. es gakeTebulia
ara silamazisTvis, aramed Semdegi saWiroebisaTvis:

111 112
CamxSobebi xels uSlian korpusSi haeris Sesvla- Tavi VIII
gamosvlas, rasac didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia sistemis kvebis CarTva
ventilaciisaTvis.
8.1. sistemuri platis kvebaSi CarTva

Tu Cven kvebis bloki sistemuri platis daye-

nebamde movxseniT, amJamad swored is droa, rom
davayenoT igi. amisTvis kvebis blokis naxvretebs
vuTavsebT sistemuri blokis korpusze arsebul
naxvretebs, erTi xeliT viWerT kvebis bloks, xolo
meore xeliT vuWerT oTxive xraxns.
imis Semdeg, rac kompiuteris yvela kompo-
nents davayenebT da SevaerTebT, sistemuri platisa
da diskuri mowyobilobebis kvebaSi CarTva unda mo-
nax. 7.9. kompiuteri dayenebuli adapterebiT vaxdinoT.
upirveles yovlisa, sistemur plataze nax. 8.1-
ze warmodgenili gasarTi unda vipovoT. am gasarTis
saSualebiT kveba sistemur platas, procesors da
adapterebs miewodeba.
nax. 8.2-ze warmodgenilia kvebis blokis Ziri-
Tadi gasarTi sistemur platasTan SeerTebul mdgo-
mareobaSi.
Pentium 4 kompiuterebSi Semotanilia kvebis da-
matebiTi gasarTi _ ATX12V (nax. 8.3). igi oTxi budis-
gan Sedgeba, kvadratuli forma gaaCnia da pro-
cesoris damatebiT kvebas uzrunvelyofs. specifi-

113 114
kaciis mixedviT ATX12V gasarTi maqsimalurad sta-
biluri ZabviT gamoirCeva.
nax. 8.1. kvebis gasarTi
nax. 8.2. kveba CarTulia
115
nax. 8.3. kvebis damatebiTi gasarTi ATX12V
ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom mocemuli gasarTi
mxolod im sistemur platebs gaaCniaT, romelTac
Pentium 4 procesorebis mxardaWera gaaCniaT. gasarTs
gaaCnia gamonawevi, romelic SeerTebis dros siste-
muri platis Sesabamisi kvebis gasarTis Camkets unda
daemTxvas.
axali sistemuri platis dayenebisas SeiZleba
aRmoCndes, rom mas damatebiTi kveba sWirdeba, xolo
kvebis bloks ATX12V gasarTi ar gaaCnia. es problema
advilad daZlevadia, radgan +12 v diskuri mowyobi-
lobebis kvebis gasarTebsac miewodeba. am SemTxve-
vaSi diskuri mowyobilobebis erT-erT gasarTs da
specialur adapters iyeneben (nax. 8.4).
kompiuterSi SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes damatebi-
Ti kvebis gasarTic. misi gamoyeneba maSinaa auci-
lebeli, rodesac +3,3 v Zabvaze 18 a-ze meti, xolo
+5v-ze _ 24 a-ze meti deni moixmareba da mowyobilo-
116
bebis mier moxmarebuli simZlavre 250-300 vt-s aRema- 8.2. diskuri mowyobilobebis kvebaSi CarTva
teba.
amis Semdeg kvebaSi unda CavrToT yvela dam-
grovebeli. nax. 8.6-ze warmodgenilia standartuli
da drekadi diskuri mowyobilobebis gasarTebi.

nax. 8.4. diskuri mowyobilobis gasarTi adapteriT

nax. 8.6. standartuli da drekadi diskuri

ATX kvebis blokis damatebiTi gasarTi siste- mowyobilobebis gasarTebi
mur platas uerTdeba da 6-kontaqtian Molex (Aux) ti-
pis gasarTs warmoadgens. mas gasaRebi gaaCnia, rome- SeerTebis dros yuradReba unda mivaqcioT,
lic SeuZlebels xdis gasarTis sistemur platasTan
rom rogorc vinCesteris, aseve kvebis blokis gasar-
araswor SeerTebas (nax. 8.5).
Tebs or-ori CamoWrili kuTxe gaaCniaT. swored maTi
arasimetriuli formis gamo aris SeuZlebeli kvebis
araswori SeerTeba. Tu SeerTeba ver xerxdeba, ar
aris saWiro mTeli ZaliT dawola. pirvel rigSi
unda SevamowmoT, uTavsdebian Tu ara erTmaneTs
kuTxeebi.
erTaderTi mowyobiloba, romelzedac teqni-
kurad SesaZlebelia kvebis araswori miwodeba, dre-
kadi diskuri mowyobilobaa. misi gasarTi vinCes-
teris da CD-diskuri mowyobilobebis gasarTebTan
nax. 8.5. Molex tipis gasarTi
SedarebiT ufro mcire zomisaa (nax. 8.7).

117 118
 swor CarTvas. SeerTebis swori varianti warmod-
genilia nax. 8.8-ze.

nax. 8.7. drekadi diskuri mowyobilobis kvebis gasarTi

diskur mowyobilobaze arsebuli gasarTi mxo-

lod manWvlebis erTobliobas warmoadgens. amitom,
nax. 8.8. drekadi diskuri mowyobilobis kvebaSi sworad
garkveuli Zalis datanebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebe-
CarTuli gasarTi
lia kvebis blokis gasarTis diskuri mowyobilobis
gasarTze ukuRma wamocma. kvebis CarTvis dros, Tu
gasarTi ukuRmaa wamocmuli, +5 v-is nacvlad diskur
mowyobilobas +12 v miewodeba. Tu gasarTs erT an
ramdenime manWvalze daZrulad SevaerTebT, miwis
nacvlad kontaqtze moxdeba +12 v Zabvis miwodeba. am
SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia rogorc diskuri mowyo-
bilobis gadawva, aseve kvebis blokis dacvis amoq-
medeba, ris Sedegadac kompiuteri gamoirTveba.
swored amitom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un-
da mivaqcioT drekadi diskuri mowyobilobis kvebaSi

119 120
 Tavi IX
periferiuli mowyobilobebis SeerTeba
9.1. gasarTebi periferiuli mowyobilobebis
SeerTebisTvis
imis Semdeg, rac kompiuteris yvela mowyobi-
loba kvebaSi CairTveba, unda movaxdinoT kompiuter-
Tan periferiuli mowyobilobebis SeerTeba. ganvixi-
loT TanmimdevrobiT:
1. gasarTi 220 v kvebis kabelis SesaerTeblad.
2. gasarTi PS\2 klaviaturis SesaerTeblad. igi, ro-
gorc wesi, iasamnisferi ferisaa. Tu Cven gvaqvs
USB standartis klaviatura, igi erT-erT (4) ga-
sarTTan unada SevaerToT.
3. gasarTi PS\2 mausis SesaerTeblad. igi, rogorc
wesi, mwvane ferisaa. Tu Cven gvaqvs USB standar-
tis mausi, igi agreTve erT-erT (4) gasarTTan un-
da SevaerToT.
4. USB gasarTi. masTan SeiZleba SeerTdes klavi-
atura, mausi, printeri, skaneri, modemi, Flash-dam-
grovebeli da a.S.
5. gasarTi COM 1. gamoiyeneba Zveli standartis pe-
riferiis, umetesad mausis da modemis Sesaer-
Teblad.
121
6. gasarTi COM 2. igive daniSnulebisaa, rac COM 1.
Tamamedrove kompiuterebis umetesobas aRar gaaC-
nia.
7. LPT gasarTi. Cveulebriv erTdeba printeri da ska-
neri.
8. dinamikebis, yursacmebis da sxva audiomowyobi-
lobebis SesaerTebeli budeebi. audiokontrole-
ri SeiZleba iyos integrirebuli sistemur pla-
taSi, an realizebuli calke plata-adapteris sa-
xiT.
9. joistikis SesaerTebeli gasarTi. SeiZleba integ-
rirebuli iyos sistemur plataSi, an audiopla-
taSi.
10. gasarTi monitoris SesaerTeblad.
11. gasarTi qseluri kabelis SesaerTeblad. qselu-
ri kontroleri SeiZleba iyos integrirebuli
sistemur plataSi, an realizebuli calke plata-
adapteris saxiT (lokaluri qseli).
yvela gasarTs gaaCnia dacva mowyobilobebis
araswori SeerTebisgan dasacavad. mowyobilobis ka-
belis gasarTTan SeerTebis dros didi Zala ar
unda davatanoT. Tu SeerTeba ver xerxdeba, unda
SevamowmoT, sworedaa Tu ara gasarTi orienti-
rebuli, an gaRunuli xom ar aris kontaqtebi.
122
 9.2. klaviaturis da mausis SeerTeba
bunebrivia, kompiuterTan muSaobisTvis auci-
lebelia klaviatura da kursoris pozicionirebis
raime saSualeba, Cveulebriv mausi. mocemuli mowyo-
bilobebis modifikaciis arCeva momxmarebelzea da-
mokidebuli. sxvadasxva momxmarebels klaviaturis
sxvadasxva tipi SeiZleba moswondes. zogierT mom-
xmarebeli `xist~ klaviaturas amjobinebs, romelic
klaviSebis kargad `SegrZnebis~ saSualebas iZleva,
xolo zogierTi momxmarebeli upiratesobas `rbil~
klaviaturas aniWebs, romlis klaviSebzec TiTebis
msubuqi daWeraa SesaZlebeli.
arsebobs standartuli klaviaturebis gasar-
Tebis ori tipi. amitom klaviaturis yidvamde unda
davrwmundeT, rom misi gasarTis konstruqcia sis-
temuri platis Sesabamisi gasarTis konstruqcias em-
Txveva. originaluri 5-kontaqtiani DIN
medrove 6-kontaqtiani Mini-DIN gasarTebi eleqtru-
lad SeTavsebadia, amitom, gadamyvanis saSualebiT,
nebismieri klaviaturis nebismier sistemur platas-
Tan SeerTeba SeiZleba.
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom es sakiTxi aqtu-
aluria mxolod Zveli klaviaturebisTvis da sis-
temuri platebisaTvis (Pentium II da ufro
modelebi). amJamad mxolod 6-kontaqtiani Mini-DIN
123
gasarTebiT (nax. 9.1) aRWurvili sistemuri platebi
da klaviaturebi iwarmoeba.
nax. 9.1. kontaqtiani Mini-DIN gasarTebi klaviaturisTvis
(iasamnisferi) da mausisTvis (mwvane)
klaviaturis yvelaze Tanamedrove interfeiss
USB salte warmoadgens. USB klaviaturebis farTo
gavrcelebaSi erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli roli `Lega-
cy-Free~ kompiuterebis farTo gavrcelebam iTamaSa,
romelTac mxolod USB porti gaaCniaT.
USB klaviaturis gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebe-
da Tana- lia USB mxardaWera sistemuri BIOS-is doneze. Tu
gvinda USB klaviaturis gamoyeneba Windows grafi-
kuli interfeisis fareSe, BIOS mxars unda uWerdes
teqnologias, romelsac Legacy USB, an USB Keyboard and
Mouse ewodeba. am funqcias mxars uWers faqtiurad
yvela Tanamedrove BIOS. SegviZlia SeviZinoT univer-
saluri klaviaturac, romelic muSaobs rogorc USB
Zveli portTan, aseve tradiciul PS\2 portTan. es sa-
Sualebas mogvcems klaviatura gamoviyenoT rogorc
Tanamedrove, aseve Zvel sistemebSic. universalur
124
klaviaturebs, rogorc wesi, gaaCniaT USB porti da USB standartis mowyobilobebis speqtri sak-
adapteri _ USB/6-kontaqtiani Mini-DIN (nax. 9.2). maod didia. iwarmoeba USB standartis klaviatu-
rebi, mausebi, gare modemebi, printerebi, skanerebi,
akustikuri sistemebi, joistikebi, sxvadasxva tipis
damgroveblebi, videokamerebi, mobiluri telefo-
nebi, MP3-fleerebi da a.S. gansazRvruli problemebi
SeiZleba gaCndes ramdenime mowyobilobis dabalsiC-
qarian USB 1.1 portTan SeerTebis dros. amitom sis-
temuri platis SeZenis dros yuradReba unda mivaq-
cioT Tanamedrove maRalsixSiruli USB 2.0 portebis
arsebobas.
Tu Cven ugamtaro Semyvani mowyobilobebis ga-
moyenebas vamjobinebT, umjobesia SeviZinoT klavi-
atura radiosixSiruli da ara infrawiTeli inter-
feisiT. agreTve sasurvelia, rom klaviatura da ma-
nax. 9.2. adapteri _ USB/6-kontaqtiani Mini-DIN
usi erT, saerTo mimReb/gadamcems iyenebdnen. ra-
diosixSirul diapazonSi Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba
universaluri mimdevrobiTi salte (USB) Tan-
sakuTari, mcire radiusis moqmedebis, an ugamtaro
daTanobiT gamodevnis PS\2, standartul mimdevrobiT
qselebis Bluetooth samrewvelo standartis sixSireebi.
da paralelur portebs. USB interfeisi mxars uWers im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ugamtaro kavSiris mqone
Plug&Play teqnologias da erT portTan 127-mde gare klaviaturas da mauss ramdenime kompiuteri iyenebs,
mowyobilobis SeerTebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. an klaviatura da mausi klaviaturidan sakmaod
bevri gare mowyobilobis gamoyenebis dros sistemur daSorebulia, umjobesia Bluetooth interfeisis mqone
plataSi integrirebul USB portTan erTdeba kon- mowyobilobebis gamoyeneba.
centratori, xolo Tavad koncentratorTan _ USB
standartis gare mowyobilobebi.

125 126
 9.3. sxva mowyobilobebis SeerTeba Tavi X
kompiuteris CarTvis dros xSirad warmoqmnili
amrigad, kompiuteri ukve awyobilia. mas saxu- problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebi
ravi unda davaxuroT da gare mowyobilobebi Sevaer-
Tu kompiuteri CarTvisas ar muSaobs, an ver
ToT. rogorc wesi, korpusis saxuravis xraxnebiT
gadis TviTtestirebas, es niSnavs, rom misi awyo-
damagreba manamde ar xdeba, sanam kompiuteris tes-
bisas erTi, an ramdenime Secdomaa daSvebuli.
tireba ar Sesruldeba da ar davrwmundebiT, rom
aRvweroT yvelaze ufro xSirad warmoqmnili
kompiuteris gamarTulad muSaobs.
Secdomebi da maTi aRmofxvris gzebi:
vasrulebT Semdegi operaciebis Tanmimdev-
1. kvebis CamrTveli knopis daWerisas araferi ar
robas.
xdeba (igulisxmeba, rom qseluri kabeli SeerTe-
korpusze saxuravs vamagrebT.
bulia), frialebi ar trialeben, indikatorebi
vaerTebT yvela gare kabels (kompiuteris gamor-
Camqralia. erT-erT mizezi SeiZleba iyos wina pa-
Tul mdgomareobaSi yofnis dros). gasarTebi ara-
nelze ganTavsebuli CamrTvelis araswori Seer-
simetriulia, amitom gare mowyobilobebis aras-
Teba. am SemTxvevaSi unda gadavxedoT dokumenta-
wori SeerTeba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.
cias da CamrTveli sworad SevaerToT. bunebri-
15-kontaqtian VGA (videoadapteris) gasarTTan mo-
via, am dros kvebis bloki unda iyos gamorTuli.
nitoris kabels vaerTebT.
Tu kvebis bloks CamrTveli ar gaaCnia, kvebis ka-
Tu dayenebuli gvaqvs qselis kontroleri, an mo- beli unda gamovaZroT. mizezi agreTve SeiZleba
demi, maTTan Sesabamisad qselis da satelefono iyos kvebis blokis dacva mokle CarTvebisgan da
kabelebs vaerTebT. gadatvirTvisgan. am SemTxvevaSi unda SevamowmoT,
vaerTebT klaviaturas da mauss. yvela mowyobiloba swored aris Tu ara SeerTe-
vaerTebT danarCen mowyobilobebs, mag. akustikur buli. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba drekad diskur
sistemas, joistiks da a.S. mowyobilobas unda mivaqcioT.
2. CavrTeT kompiuteri, frialebi datrialda, Tumca
mwvane indikatori wina panelze ar anTia. es mi-
uTiTebs, rom igi sistemur platasTan araswora-
daa SeerTebuli. kompiuteri unda gamovrToT da

127 128
 SeerTebis polaroba SevcvaloT. anu sadac TeT-
ri gamtari iyo SeerTebuli, vaerTebT mwvane gam-
tars, xolo sadac mwvane gamtari iyo SeerTe-
buli _ TeTr gamtars. agreTve vamowmebT, rom ga-
sarTi namdvilad Sesabamis kontaqtebTanaa Seer-
Tebuli (Semowmeba sistemur plataze arsebuli
warwerebis, an misi dokumentaciis safuZvelze
xdeba). es rekomendacia sxva indikatorebisTvi-
sac samarTliania.
3. vinCesteris aqtiurobis indikatori (Cveulebriv
mwvane, an wiTeli) mudmivad anTia. albaT Sleifi
sistemur platasTan, an vinCesterTan araswora- nax. 10.1. awyobis dasawyisi
daa SeerTebuli (samarTliania mxolod Zveli
SleifebisTvis, romelTac gasaRebebi ar gaaC-
niaT). SeerTebas gavasworebT.
4. drekadi diskuri mowyobilobis indikatori (mwva-
ne) mudmivad anTia. am SemTxvevaSic arasworedaa
SeerTebuli Sleifi, oRond drekad diskur mow-
yobilobasTan. SeerTebas gavasworebT.
5. kompiuteri CarTvisas sxvadasxva xmebs gamoscems,
xolo ekrani Savia. es aparaturul problemebze
miuTiTebs.
amrigad kompiuteri awyobilia. nax. 10.1-ze naCv-
enebia is, rac gvqonda awyobis dawyebamde, xolo nax.
nax. 10.2. awyobis dasasruli
10.2-ze _ is, rac miviReT awyobis Semdeg.

amrigad kompiuteri awyobilia da mzad aris

samuSaod. Tumca CarTvamde umjobesia kidev erTxel

129 130
SevamowmoT, yvela mowyobilobasTan miyvanilia Tu literatura
ara kveba, SeerTebulia Tu ara yvela friala,
swored aris Tu ara SeerTebuli Sleifebi. es 1. a. benaSvili. personaluri kompiuteris arqi-
Tavidan agvacilebs kompiuteris zedmet CarTva-ga- teqtura. Tb. `saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv mecni-
morTvebs. erebaTa universiteti~. 2007 433 gv.
2. Upgrading and Repairing PCs 14th Edition Scott Mueller. 2003
3. a. benaSvili. periferiuli mowyobilobebis inter-
feisebi. Tb. `teqnikuri universiteti~. 2006 - 125
gv.
4. . . 15-
. . . .: ,
2004.- 1344 .: .
5. .. . , , -
. .
. . . 2002 - 368 .
6. a. benaSvili. personaluri kompiuteris standar-
tuli diskuri mowyobilobebi. Tb. `teqnikuri
universiteti~. 2006 - 146 gv.
7. a. benaSvili. kompiuteris periferiuli mow-
yobilobebi (I nawili). Tb. `teqnikuri uni-
versiteti~. 2007 137 gv.
8. . . 5- . - .:
, 2007. 844 : .

131 132