B CNG THNG Cng Ha X Hi Ch Ngha Vit Nam

TRNG H CNG NGHIP H NI c lp-T do-Hnh Phc

BI TP LN MN HC :
SCADA,DCS V MNG TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP

H v tn HS-SV : Nhm 7

1.Nguyn Vn Hin
2. Nguyn Tng Lm
3. L Xun Linh
4. Thnh Trung

Lp : H TH2
Kho:8
Khoa:in ..
Gio vin hng dn : Hong Quc Xuyn
NI DUNG
Thit k giao din cho m hnh o lng xy ha tan (DO) s dng phn mm
TIA-Portal v b iu khin PLC S7-1200 (S dng khi hm FC)
PHN THUYT MINH
Chng 1- Tm hiu cc cm bin o xy ha tan (DO)
Chng 2- Gii thiu tng quan v phn mm TIA-Portal v b iu khin
PLC S7-1200
Chng 3- Lp trnh cho b iu khin v thit k giao din gim st cho h
thng
Chng 4- Kt qu m phng.
Ngy giao : 12/9/2016 Ngy hon thnh : 12/11/2016

GIO VIN HNG DN

Hong Quc Xuyn

1
 LI M U
Cng nh cc loi sinh vt sng trn cn, cc thy sinh vt cng cn c oxy
duy tr s sng.a phn thy sinh vt iu s dng oxy ha tan trong nc.Lng oxy
ha tan trong nc gi tt l DO ( Dessolved Oxygen ).
Ngy nay trong cng nghip nui trng thy sn cng nh cng ngh x l nc
rt ch trng ti vic nh gi lng DO nhm gip thy hi sn pht trin tt cng
nh vic nh gi mc nhim nc.Bn cnh gip cho chng ta c th pht
hin ra cc bin c kp thi x l (Nh thiu oxy ha tan trong nc khin thy sn
cht hng lot hoc tng trng chm).Do vy oxy ha tan l mt yu t quan trng
khng th thiu cc thy vc.
V vy vi ti ny chng em xin a ra m hnh iu khin gim st mc DO
trong nc tan s dng phn mm TIA-Portal v b iu khin PLC S7-1200 (S
dng khi hm FC) gip sinh vt pht trin.

2
 MC LC
LI M U..........................................................................................................2
MC LC................................................................................................................3
CHNG 1 :............................................................................................................4
TM HIU CC CM BIN O OXY HA TAN (DO).................................4
1.1.S lc v DO....................................................................................................4
1.2.Phng php xc nh DO..................................................................................5
1.2.1.C th xc nh DO bng hai phng php khc nhau....................................5
1.2.2.K thut phn tch............................................................................................5
1.2.2.1.Phng php Winkler...................................................................................5
1.2.2.2.Phng php in cc oxy ho tan- my o oxy..........................................5
1.3.La chn cm bin:.............................................................................................6
1.3.1.Gii thiu cm bin..........................................................................................7
1.3.2. Thng s k thut............................................................................................8
CHNG 2 :............................................................................................................9
GII THIU TNG QUAN V TIA PORTAL & PLC 1200..................................9
2.1.Tng quan v TIA PORTAL...............................................................................9
2.2.Tng quan v PLC S7-1200..............................................................................12
2.2.1. Cu trc v phn vng b nh S7-1200........................................................12
2.2.2. Khi nim v Cu trc S7-1200....................................................................12
2.2.3.Cu trc bn trong..........................................................................................15
2.2.4.S udy ca S7-1200:............................................................................16
2.3. Lm vic vi phn mm Tia Portal..................................................................17
2.3.1. Gii thiu SIMATIC STEP 7 Basic tch hp lp trnh PLC v HMI..........17
2.3.2. Kt ni qua giao thc TCP/IP.......................................................................17
2.3.3 Cch to mt Project......................................................................................17
2.3.4. TAG ca PLC / TAG local............................................................................20
2.4. Lm vic vi mt trm PLC............................................................................21
2.4.1. Quy nh a ch IP cho module CPU...........................................................21
2.4.2. chng trnh xung CPU.........................................................................22
2.4.3. Gim st v thc hin chng trnh..............................................................22
2.5. K thut lp trnh............................................................................................22
2.5.1. Vng qut chng trnh................................................................................22
2.5.2. Cu trc lp trnh..........................................................................................22

3
2.5.2.1. Khi t chc OB OGANIZATION BLOCKS.........................................22
2.5.2.2. Hm chc nng FUNCTION..................................................................23
2.6 Tp lnh S7-1200..............................................................................................24
2.6.1 Lnh x l bit.................................................................................................24
2.6.2. Lnh Timer, Counter.....................................................................................26
2.6.2.1.Timer...........................................................................................................26
2.6.2.2 Counter.......................................................................................................27
CHNG 3:...........................................................................................................29
LP TRNH CHO B IU KHIN V THIT K GIAO DIN GIM ST
CHO H THNG...................................................................................................29
3.1. Lp trnh khi hm FC.....................................................................................29
3.2. Lp trnh cho b iu khin.............................................................................30
3.2.1.Cu hnh phn cng trong Tia Portal..............................................................30
3.2.2.Vit chng trnh cho khi hm FC...............................................................30
3.2.3.Chng trnh chnh OB1 gi chng trnh con..............................................32
3.3.Thit k giao din gim st h thng.................................................................32
CHNG 4- KT QU M PHNG..................................................................33
4.1.Kt qu m phng.............................................................................................33
4.2. Nhn xt:..........................................................................................................33

4
 CHNG 1 :

TM HIU CC CM BIN O OXY HA TAN (DO)

1.1.S lc v DO

-Oxy ha tan l lng oxy c trong nc c tnh bng mg/l hay % bo ha da vo

nhit . Phn trm bo ha l phn trm tm tng ca nc gi oxi c mt trong
nc. Oxy trong nc mt dao ng t 0 mg/l ngun nc c iu kin qu t cho
ti 15 mg/l trong nc ng bng
-Oxy ho tan trong nc ng vai tr rt quan trng i vi ng vt thu sinh ni
chung v ng vt thu sn ni ring, oxy ho tan ca thu vc c hai ngun chnh:
khuych tn t khng kh (nh gi, sng) v do to quang hp to ra, oxy b tiu hao
bi cc qu trnh: thot vo khng kh, h hp ca to v ng vt, phn hu cht hu
c do vi sinh vt, do cc cht sa lng trong lp bn. m bo lng oxy ho tan cn
thit cho thu vc l m bo nng sut nui trng thy sn, cht lng sn phm
thu sn.
-Nhm mc ch theo di nh gi nng oxy tan trong nc m bo s sng
cho sinh vt thy sinh ta s dng cm bin oxy ha tan DO
1.2.Phng php xc nh DO

1.2.1.C th xc nh DO bng hai phng php khc nhau

- Phng php Winkler (ha hc).

- Phng php in cc oxy ha tan - my o oxy.
1.2.2.K thut phn tch

1.2.2.1.Phng php Winkler

- Cch tin hnh: Oxy trong nc c c nh ngay sau khi ly mu bng hn hp

cht c nh (MnSO4, KI, NaN3), lc ny oxy ha tan trong mu s phn ng vi
Mn2+ to thnh MnO2. Khi em mu v phng th nghim, thm acid sulfuric hay
phosphoric vo mu, lc ny MnO2 s oxy ha I- thnh I2. Chun I2 to thnh bng
Na2S2O3 vi ch th h tinh bt. Tnh ra lng O2 c trong mu theo cng thc:
DO (mg/l) = (VTB x N/ VM ) x 8 x 1.000
Trong : VTB: l th tch trung bnh dung dch Na 2S2O3 0,01N (ml) trong cc ln
chun .
N: l nng ng lng gam ca dung dch Na 2S2O3 s dng.
8: l ng lng gam ca oxy.
VM: l th tch (ml) mu nc em chun .
1.000: l h s chuyn i thnh lt.

5
 1.2.2.2.Phng php in cc oxy ho tan- my o oxy

- y l phng php c s dng rt ph bin hin nay. My o DO c dng

xc nh nng oxy ha tan ngay ti hin trng. in cc ca my o DO hot
ng theo nguyn tc: dng in xut hin trong in cc t l vi lng oxy ha tan
trong nc khuch tn qua mng in cc, trong lc lng oxy khuch tn qua
mng li t l vi nng ca oxy ha tan. o cng dng in xut hin ny cho
php xc nh c DO
- Cc cm bin o hm lng oxy ha tan thng dng hot ng da trn nguyn l
do Macbeth xut, trong , cm bin hot ng ging nh mt pin in ha.
- Nguyn l v cu to v hot ng ca cm bin ny c trnh by trn s

Hnh 1
Cm bin o hm lng oxy ha tan

Trong cm bin cha dung dch KCl v 2 in cc, ant bng km hay ch v catt
bng bc. Mt mng chn xp ngn cch phn trong cm bin v dung dch cn o
nhng cho php oxy di chuyn vo trong cm bin.

Ti ant xy ra s oxy ha :Zn Zn2 + + 2 e -

Ti catt xy ra s kh oxy :2 e -+ O2 + H2O 2 OH -

Do cc phn ng oxy ha kh trn m cm bin hot ng ging nh mt pin in

ha v to ra dng in. Cng dng in ny ph thuc vo hm lng oxy ha
tan trong dung dch o. Khi o c cng dng in ta xc nh c hm lng
oxy ha tan.

6
Cu to thc t ca cm bin c trnh by trong Hnh 1b, trong catt l mt li
gia, ant l mt ng bc ngoi catt. Tt c t trong mt thn.
1.3.La chn cm bin:

Nhm p ng nhu cu cng ngh nhm chng em xin a ra cm bin

GLI5500 mt loi cm bin o DO rt hay c s dng trn th trng hin
nay.
1.3.1.Gii thiu cm bin

Hnh2. Cm bin GLI5500

GLI5500 s dng cng ngh t bo polarographic Clark, h thng cm bin bao

gm ba bo mt anot bc, mt catot vngv mt in cc bctham
chiu. Cm bin tham chiu bccho ra tn hiu r nhs dng mt hng s
php o in p phn cc ng vai tr n nh, trnh s gin on ca h
thng cm bin .Vi vic s dng b ba cm bin t bo kt hp vi vic in
cc oxy ha tan GLI 5500 cho php ta xc inh DO vi chnh xc v n nh
cao .

Tnh nng :
- Mng chng bm bn v bn
Mng thm thu c tnh nng k nc dy 50 micron m bo sensor khng b
ng bm cn v hot ng c trong mi trng khc nghit nh trong cc
nh my x l nc thi.
- Bao bc ton b
Cu trc thit k bao bc ton b bo v cc b phn in t bn trong
sensor trnh khi cc vn v m, ko di tui th ca sensor

7
- Kiu gn a dng
C th lp sensor vo cc khung gn kiu trc, kp hay lp vo ng ng, khp
quay hay qu cu ni nh v tr sensor cng nh ly sensor ra khi h thng
d dng. Kiu lp vi qu cu ni gip sensor nhp nh ln xung mng in
cc va chm nh nhng vi dng mu. Kiu gn nhng ngp gip c nh v tr
su cn o c trong b.
1.3.2. Thng s k thut

u ra Analog :4-20mA .
Di o oxy ha tan: 0-20 mg/L
Giao thc truyn thng RS-232 & 485, Profibus DPV1 RS-232 N / A
Lp bo v NEMA4X (IP66), 1 / 2DIN NEMA4X (IP65), 1 / 4DIN (panel)
NEMA4X

8
 CHNG 2 :

GII THIU TNG QUAN V TIA PORTAL & PLC 1200

2.1.Tng quan v TIA PORTAL

- Siemens gii thiu TIA Portal phn mm c s tch hp tt c phn mm lp

trnh iu khin cho cc h thng t ng ha v truyn ng in ti Vit
Nam.

- Vo ngy 21 thng 6 nm 2011, ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, b phn T ng

ha Cng nghip thuc cng ty Siemens Vit Nam ra mt th trng Vit Nam
phn mm lp trnh u tin trong cng nghip s dng chung mt mi trng,
mt phn mm duy nht cho tt c cc tc v trong t ng ha, vi tn gi
Totally Integrated Automation Portal (TIA Portal). y l phn mm lp
trnh iu khin trc quan, hiu qu v xc thc gip khch hng thit k ton
b chng trnh t ng ha mt cch ti u ch trong mt giao din phn mm
duy nht, t mang n cho cc nh tch hp h thng v cc doanh nghip
sn xut c hi nng cao nng sut v li th cnh tranh hu hiu.

- c thit k vi giao din thn thin ngi s dng, TIA Portal thch hp cho
c nhng ngi mi ln nhng ngi nhiu kinh nghim trong lp trnh t
ng ha. L phn mm c s cho cc phn mm dng lp trnh, cu hnh,
tch hp cc thit b trong di sn phm Tch hp t ng ha ton din (TIA)
ca Siemens. V d nh phm mm mi Simatic Step 7 V11 lp trnh cc
b iu khin Simatic, Simatic WinCC V11 cu hnh cc mn hnh HMI v
chy Scada trn my tnh.

- thit k TIA portal, Siemens nghin cu rt nhiu cc phn mm ng

dng in hnh trong t ng ha qua nhiu nm, nhm mc ch hiu r nhu
cu ca khch hng trn ton th gii. L phn mm c s tch hp cc phn
mm lp trnh ca Siemens li vi nhau, TIA Portal gip cho cc phn mm
ny chia s cng mt c s d liu, to nn s thng nht trong giao din v
tnh ton vn cho ng dng. V d, tt c cc thit b v mng truyn thng by
gi c th c cu hnh trn cng mt ca s. Hng ng dng, cc khi
nim v th vin, qun l d liu, lu tr d n, chn on li, cc tnh nng
online l nhng c im rt c ch cho ngi s dng khi s dng chung c s
d liu TIA Portal.

- Tt c cc b u khin PLC, mn hnh HMI, cc b truyn ng ca Siemens

u c lp trnh, cu hnh trn TIA portal. Vic ny gip gim thi gian,

9
 cng sc trong vic thit lp truyn thng gia cc thit b ny. V d ngi s
dng c th s dng tnh nng ko v th mt bin ca trong chng trnh
iu khin PLC vo mt mn hnh ca chng trnh HMI. Bin ny s c
gn vo chng trnh HMI v s kt ni gia PLC HMI c t ng
thit lp, khng cn bt c s cu hnh no thm.
- Phn mm mi Simatic Step 7 V11, tch hp trn TIA Portal, lp trnh cho
S7-1200, S7-300, S7-400 v h thng t ng PC-based Simatic WinAC.
Simatic Step 7 V11 c chia thnh cc module khc nhau, ty theo nhu cu
ca ngi s dng. Simatic Step 7 V11 cng h tr tnh nng chuyn i
chng trnh PLC, HMI ang s dng sang chng trnh mi trn TIA Portal.
- Phn mm mi Simatic WinCC V11, cng c tch hp trn TIA Portal, dng
cu hnh cho cc mn hnh TP v MP hin ti, mn hnh mi Comfort, cng
nh gim st iu khin h thng trn my tnh (SCADA).
- Vic thit lp cu hnh cho cc Sinamics bin tn cng s c tch hp vo
TIA Portal trong cc phin bn sau.
- Ban cng nghip ca Siemens (Erlangen, c) l mt trong nhng nh cung
cp hng u th gii v cc cng ngh sn xut, vn chuyn, xy dng v
chiu sng thn thin mi trng. Vi cc cng ngh tch hp t ng ha v
cc gii php cng nghip c th, Siemens tng cng nng xut, hiu qu v
tnh linh ng cho khch hng trong cc lnh vc cng nghip v h tng c
s. Ban cng nghip bao gm 6 b phn: Cng ngh Ta nh, Cng ngh
truyn ng, T ng ha Cng nghip, Gii php cng nghip, Vn chuyn v
Osram. Vi hn 207,000 nhn vin trn ton th gii, Ban cng nghip
Siemens t doanh s khong 35 t EUR trong nm 2009.
- B phn cng nghip T ng ha ca Siemens (Nuremberg, c) dn u
ton cu trong cc lnh vc v h thng t ng, iu khin cng nghip v cc
phn mm cng nghip. Di danh mc rng ln t cc sn phm tiu chun cho
cc ngnh cng nghip sn xut v ch bin ti cc gii php cho ton ngnh
cng nghip bao gm c s.
- Siemens Vit Nam chnh thc hin din ti Vit Nam vo nm 1993 khi hai vn
phng i din ca chng ti c thnh lp ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh v H
Ni. K t cho n nay, Siemens tham gia thc hin mt lot cc d n
c s h tng ti Vit Nam trong cc lnh vc then cht ca nn kinh t nh
nng lng, cng nghip, y t v giao thng vn ti. Nhm to dng mt c s
kinh doanh vng chc thc y s hp tc vi cc i tc trong nc, cng
ty TNHH Siemens c thnh lp vo thng 9 nm 2002, cung cp cc gii
php v dch v lin quan n cc h thng v sn phm ca Siemens. S pht
trin nhanh chng trong quan h hp tc kinh doanh vi Vit Nam thc y s

10
 thnh lp Nh my T ng ha Siemens vo nm 2005 chuyn sn xut h
thng thanh ci dn in. Siemens lun phn u tr thnh mt b phn hu c
ca nn kinh t Vit Nam vi cam kt v s pht trin kinh t v x hi bn
vng.
- Phn Totally Intergrated Automation Portal cung cp hai kiu xem thit lp
cng c khc nhau: mt l thit lp c nh hng theo cng vic, thit lp
ny c t chc trong chc nng ca cc cng c (kiu xem Portal), hai l
kiu xem c nh hng theo n gm cc phn t bn trong n (kiu
xem Project). Ngi dng cn chn kiu xem no gip lm vic vi hiu qu
tt nht. Vi mt c nhp chut, ngi dng c th chuyn i gia kiu xem
Portal v kiu xem Project.
- Kiu xem Portal cung cp mt kiu xem theo chc nng i vi cc nhim v
v t chc chc nng ca cc cng c theo nhim v c hon thnh, nh
l to ra vic cu hnh cc thnh phn v cc mng phn cng. Ngi dng c
th d dng xc nh cch thc tin hnh.

Hnh 3

- Kiu xem Project cung cp victruy xut n tt c cc thnh phn nm

trong mt n. Vi tt c cc thnh phn ny nm trong mt v tr, ngi
dng c mt truy xut d dng n mi phng din ca n. n cha tt
c cc cc phn t va c to ra hay hon thnh.

11
 Hnh 4
2.2.Tng quan v PLC S7-1200

2.2.1. Cu trc v phn vng b nh S7-1200

2.2.2. Khi nim v Cu trc S7-1200

-S7-1200 l mt dng ca b iu khin logic lp trnh (PLC) c th kim sot nhiu

ng dng t ng ha. Thit k nh gn, chi ph thp, v mt tp lnh mnh lm cho
chng ta c nhng gii php hon ho hn cho ng dng s dng vi S7-1200
-S7-1200 bao gm mt microprocessor, mt ngun cung cp c tch hp sn, cc
u vo/ra (DI/DO).
-Mt s tnh nng bo mt gip bo v quyn truy cp vo c CPU v chng trnh
iu khin:
+Tt c cc CPU u cung cp bo v bng password chng truy cp vo PLC
+Tnh nng know-how protection bo v cc block c bit ca mnh
-S7-1200 cung cp mt cng PROFINET, h tr chun Ethernet v TCP/IP. Ngoi ra
bn c th dng cc module truyn thng m rng kt ni bng RS485 hoc RS232.
-Phn mm dng lp trnh cho S7-1200 l Step7 Basic. Step7 Basic h tr ba ngn
ng lp trnh l FBD, LAD v SCL.Phn mm ny c tch hp trong TIA Portal 11
ca Siemens.
-Cc module CPU khc nhau c hnh dng, chc nng, tc x l lnh, b nh
chng trnh khc nhau. PLC S7-1200 c cc loi sau:

12
Tnh nng CPU1211C CPU1212C CPU1214C CP

Kch thc vt l (mm) 90x100x75 90x100x75 110x100x75 130

B nh ngi Work 30 Kbytes 50 Kbytes 75 Kbytes 100

dng
Load 1 Mbytes 1 Mbytes 4 Mbytes 4M

Retentive 10 Kytes 10 Kytes 10 Kytes 10

I/O tch hp trn Kiu s 6 inputs/4 8 inputs/6 14 inputs/10 14

CPU (onboard) outputs outputs outputs out

Kiu tng t 2 inputs 2 inputs 2 inputs 2 in

Kch thc b Inputs 1024 bytes 1024 bytes 1024 bytes 102
m
Outputs 1024 bytes 1024 bytes 1024 bytes 102

Bit nh (M) 4096 bytes 4096 bytes 4096 bytes 409

Module m rng vo ra (SM) None 2 8 8

Board tn hiu (SB), board pin 1 1 1 1

(BB) hoc board truyn thng (CB)
Module truyn thng (CM) 3 3 3 3
B m tc Total 3 built-in I/O, 5 4 built-in I/O, 6 6 6
cao with SB with SB

Singe phase 3at100kHz 3at100kHz 3at100kHz 3at

SB:2 at 30 kHz 1 at 30kHz 3 at 30kHz 3a
SB:2at30 kHz

Quadrature 3at80kHz 3at100kHz 3at80kHz 3at

phase SB:2 at 20kHz 1 at 20kHz 3 at 20kHz 3a
SB:2 at 20kHz

Ng ra xung 4 4 4 4

13
Card nh SIMATIC Memory card (optional)

Lu tr thi gian ng h thi gian Chun l 20 / nh nht l 12 ngy nhit 40oC (duy tr b
thc in dng ln)

PROFINET 1 cng truyn thng Enthernet 2

th

Tc thc thi php ton thc

2.3s/lnh

Tc thc thi logic Boolean

0.08s/lnh

Hnh dng bn ngoi ca cc n bo:

1-Ch hot ng ca cc ng I/O

2-Ch hot ng ca PLC
3-Cng kt ni
4-Khe cm th nh
5-Ni gn dy ni

Hnh 5: Hnh dng bn ngoi ca S7-1200 (CPU1212C)

CPU 1212C gm 10 ng vo v 6 ng ra, c kh nng m rng thm 2 module
tn hiu (SM), 1 mch tn hiu(SB) v 3 module giao tip (CM).
Cc n bo trn CPU 1212C:
STOP / RUN (cam / xanh): CPU ngng / ang thc hin chng trnh np
vo b nh.
ERROR (mu ): mu ERROR bo hiu vic thc hin chng trnh
xy ra li.
MAINT (Maintenance): led chy bo hiu vic c th nh c gn vo hay
khng.
14
 LINK: Mu xanh bo hiu vic kt ni vi tnh thnh cng.
Rx / Tx: n vng nhp nhy bo hiu tn hiu c truyn. n cng vo ra:
Ix.x (n xanh): n xanh cng vo bo hiu trng thi tc thi ca cng
Ix.x. n ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr ca cng tc.
Qx.x(n xanh): n xanh cng ra bo hiu trng thi tc thi ca cng
Qx.x. n ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng.
2.2.3.Cu trc bn trong

Cng ging nh cc PLC cng h khc, PLC S7-1200 gm 4 b phn c bn: b x

l, b nh, b ngun, giao tip xut / nhp.
- B x l cn c gi l b x l trung tm (CPU), cha b vi x l, bin
dch cc tn hiu nhp v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng trnh c
lu trong b nh ca PLC. Truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot ng n
cc thit b xut.
- B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p DC (24V) cn
thit cho b x l v cc mch in trong cc module giao tip nhp v xut hot
ng.
- B nh l ni lu tr chng trnh c s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin
di s kim sot ca b vi x l.
- Cc thnh phn nhp v xut (input / output) l ni b nh nhn thng tin t
cc thit b ngoi vi v truyn thng tin n cc thit b iu khin. Tn hiu nhp c
th t cc cng tc, cc b cm bin, Cc thit b xut c th l cc cun dy ca
b khi ng ng c, cc van solenoid,
- Chng trnh iu khin c np vo b nh nh s tr gip ca b lp trnh
hay bng my vi tnh.

Hnh 6: cu trc bn trong

Phn vng b nh S7-1200

C 3 loi b nh s dng l: Load memory, word memory v system memory.
- Load memory cha b nh ca trng trnh khi bn down xung.

15
 - Word memory l b nh lc lm vic

- System memory th c th setup vng ny trong Hardware config, ch cn cha

cc d liu cn lu vo y.

B nh CPU1211C CPU1212C CPU1214C

Load memory 1Mb 2MB

Word memory 25Kb 50Kb

System memory 2Kb 2Kb

2.2.4.S udy ca S7-1200:

y ta chn CPU 1212C, trnh by u dy.

Chng ta c th cung cp ngun 24VDC hay 100 230VAC cho PLC:

Hnh 7. S u dy S7 -1200 / CPU 1214

Ngun cung cp cho PLC l 100 230VAC vi tn s t 47Hz 63Hz. in p c

th thay i trong khong t 85V 264V . 264V dng in tiu th l20A.

Ngun cung cp l 24VDC.in p c th thay i trong khong 20.4V

- 28.8V. 28.8V dng in tiu th l 12A.
Cc ng vo c tc ng mc in th tiu biu l 24VDC. Cc ng ra ca
PLC mc 0 khi cng tc h hay in p <= 5VDC. Ng vo mc 1 khi cng tc

16
ng hay in p =>15VDC. Thi gian i trng thi t 0 ln 1 v t 1 xung
0 ti thiu l 0.1us PLC nhn bit c.
Cc ng ra c th l 5VDC 30VDC hay 5VAC 250VAC. Ty theo yu cu thc
t m ta c th ni ngun khc nhau ph hp vi ng dng ca n.
2.3. Lm vic vi phn mm Tia Portal

2.3.1. Gii thiu SIMATIC STEP 7 Basic tch hp lp trnh PLC v HMI

Step 7 basic h thng k thut ng b m bo hot ng lin tc hon ho.

Mt h thng k thut mi
Thng minh v trc quan cu hnh phn cng k thut v cu hnh mng, lp trnh,
chn on v nhiu hn na.
Li ch vi ngi dng:
-Trc quan : d dng tm hiu v d dng hot ng
-Hiu qu : tc v k thut
-Chc nng bo v : Kin trc phn mm to thnh mt c s n nh cho s i
mi trong tng lai.
2.3.2. Kt ni qua giao thc TCP/IP

- lp trnh SIMATIC S7-1200 t PC hay Laptop cn mt kt ni TCP/IP

- PC v SIMATIC S7-1200 c th giao tip vi nhau, iu quan trng l cc a
ch IP ca c hai thit b phi ph hp vi nhau
2.3.3 Cch to mt Project

Bc 1: t mn hnh desktop nhp p chn biu tng Tia Portal V13

Bc 2 : Click chut vo Create new project to d n.

Nhp tn d n vo Project name sau nhn create

17
Bc 3 : Chn device & networks

Bc 4: chn Add new device

18
Bc 5 : Chn loi CPU PLC sau chn add

Bc 6 : Project mi c hin ra

19
 2.3.4. TAG ca PLC / TAG local

Tag ca PLC
-Phm vi ng dng : gi tr Tag c th c s dng mi khi chc nng trong PLC
-ng dng : binary I/O, Bits of memory
-nh ngha vng : Bng tag ca PLC
-Miu t : Tag PLC c i din bng du ngoc kp
Tag Local
-Phm vi ng dng : gi tr ch c ng dng trong khi c khai bo, m t
tng t c th c s dng trong cc khi khc nhau cho cc mc ch khc nhau.
-ng dng : tham s ca khi, d liu static ca khi, d liu tm thi
-nh ngha vng : khi giao din
-Miu t : Tag c i din bng du #
S dng Tag trong hot ng

20
-Layout : bng tag PLC cha cc nh ngha ca cc Tag v cc hng s c gi tr
trong CPU. Mt bng tag ca PLC c t ng to ra cho mi CPU c s dng
trong project.
-Colum : m t biu tng c th nhp vo di chuyn vo h thng hoc c th
ko nh nh mt lnh chng trnh
-Name : ch c khai bo v s dng mt ln trn CPU
-Data type : kiu d liu ch nh cho cc tag
-Address : a ch ca tag
-Retain : khai bo ca tag s c lu tr li
-Comment : comment miu t ca tag
Nhm tag : to nhm tag bng cch chn add new tag table

Tm v thay th tag PLC.

Ngoi ra cn c mt s chc nng sau:
-Li tag
-Gim st tag ca plc
-Hin / n biu tng
-i tn tag : Rename tag
-i tn a ch tag : Rewire tag
-Copy tag t th vin Global
2.4. Lm vic vi mt trm PLC

2.4.1. Quy nh a ch IP cho module CPU

IP TOOL c th thay i IP address ca PLC S7-1200 bng 1 trong 2 cch.

Phng php thch hp c t ng xc nh bi trng thi ca a ch IP :
-Gn mt a ch IP ban u : Nu PLC S7-1200 khng c a ch IP, IP TOOL
s dng cc chc nng thit lp chnh cp pht mt a ch IP ban u cho PLC
S7-1200.
-Thay i a ch IP : nu a ch IP tn ti, cng c IP TOOL s sa i cu

21
hnh phn cng (HW config) ca PLC S7-1200.
2.4.2. chng trnh xung CPU

t mn hnh son tho chng trnh bng cch kch vo biu tng download
trn thanh cng c ca mn hnh
Chn cu hnh Type of the PG/PC interface v PG/PC interface nh hnh di
sau nhn chn load
Chn start all nh hnh v v nhn finish
2.4.3. Gim st v thc hin chng trnh

gim st chng trnh trn mn hnh son tho kch chn Monitor trn thanh
cng c.
Hoc cch 2 lm nh hnh di
Sau khi chn monitor chng trnh son tho xut hin nh sau:
2.5. K thut lp trnh

2.5.1. Vng qut chng trnh

PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng
qut. Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s
ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng
qut chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1.
Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dng ca b m
o
Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut kt thc bng giai on truyn thng ni b v kim
tra li.
Ch rng b m I v Q khng lin quan ti cc cng vo / ra tng t nn cc
lnh truy nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cng vt l ch khng
thng qua b m.
2.5.2. Cu trc lp trnh

2.5.2.1. Khi t chc OB OGANIZATION BLOCKS

-Organization blocks (OBs) : l giao din gia hot ng h thng v chng

trnh ngi dng. Chng c gi ra bi h thng hot ng, v iu khin theo qu
trnh:
+X l chng trnh theo qu trnh
+Bo ng kim sot x l chng trnh
+X l li
-Startup oB, Cycle OB, Timing Error OB v Diagnosis OB : c th chn v lp
trnh cc khi ny trong cc project. Khng cn phi gn cc thng s cho chng v
22
cng khng cn gi chng trong chng trnh chnh.
-Process Alarm OB v Time Interrupt OB : Cc khi OB ny phi c tham s
ha khi a vo chng trnh. Ngoi ra, qu trnh bo ng OB c th c gn cho
mt s kin ti thi gian thc hin bng cch s dng cc lnh ATTACH, hoc tch
bit vi lnh DETACH.
-Time Delay Interrupt OB : OB ngt thi gian tr c th c a vo d n v
lp trnh. Ngoi ra, chng phi c gi trong chng trnh vi lnh SRT_DINT,
tham s l khng cn thit
-Start Information : Khi mt s OB c bt u, h iu hnh c ra thng tin
c thm nh trong chng trnh ngi dng, iu ny rt hu ch cho vic chn
on li, cho d thng tin c c ra c cung cp trong cc m t ca cc khi
OB
2.5.2.2. Hm chc nng FUNCTION

-Funtions (FCs) l cc khi m khng cn b nh. D liu ca cc bin tm thi

b mt sau khi FC c x l. Cc khi d liu ton cu c th c s dng lu
tr d liu FC.
-Functions c th c s dng vi mc ch
+Tr li gi tr cho hm chc nng c gi
+Thc hin cng ngh chc nng, v d : iu khin ring vi cc hot ng
nh phn
+Ngoi ra, FC c th c gi nhiu ln ti cc thi im khc nhau trong mt
chng trnh. iu ny to iu kin cho lp trnh chc nng lp i lp li phc tp.
-FB (function block) : i vi mi ln gi, FB cn mt khu vc nh. Khi mt FB
c gi, mt Data Block (DB) c gn vi instance DB. D liu trong Instance
DB
sau truy cp vo cc bin ca FB. Cc khu vc b nh khc nhau c gn
cho
mt FB nu n c gi ra nhiu ln.
-DB (data block) : DB thng cung cp b nh cho cc bin d liu . C hai
loi ca khi d liu DB : Global DBs ni m tt c cc OB, FB v FC c th c
c d liu lu tr, hoc c th t mnh ghi d liu vo DB, v instance DB c
gn cho mt FB nht nh.

23
2.6 Tp lnh S7-1200

2.6.1 Lnh x l bit

Tip im thng h s ng khi gi tr ca

bit c a ch l n bng 1
Ton hng n: I, Q, M, L, D

Tip im thng ng s ng khi gi trca bit c a ch n

l 0
Ton hng n: I, Q, M, L, D

Gi tr ca bit c a ch l n s bng 1 khi u vo ca lnh

ny bng 1 v ngc li
Ton hng n : Q, M, L, D
Ch s dng mt lnh out cho 1 a ch

Gi tr ca bit c a ch l n s bng 1 khi u vo ca lnh

ny bng 0 v ngc li
Ton hng n : Q, M, L, D
Ch s dng mt lnh out not cho 1 a ch
Lnh o trng thi ng vo ra

Gi tr ca cc bit c a ch l n s bng
1 khi u vo ca lnh ny bng 1 Khi u
vo ca lnh bng 0 th bit ny vn gi nguyn trng thi.
Ton hng n: Q, M, L, D

Gi tr ca cc bit c a ch l n s bng 0 khi u vo ca

lnh ny bng 1. Khi u vo ca lnh bng 0 th cc bit ny
vn gi nguyn trng thi.
Ton hng n: Q, M, L, D

24
Gi tr ca cc bit c a ch u tin l s bng 1 khi u vo
ca lnh ny bng 1. Khi u vo ca lnh bng 0 th cc bit
ny vn gi nguyn trng thi.
Trong s bit l gi tr ca n
Ton hng OUT: Q, M, L, D
n : l hng s
Gi tr ca cc bit c a ch u tin l s bng 0 khi u vo
ca lnh ny bng 1. Khi u vo ca lnh bng 0 th cc bit
ny vn gi nguyn trng thi.
Trong s bit l gi tr ca n
Ton hng OUT: Q, M, L, D
n : l hng s
Tip im pht hin cnh ln s pht ra mt xung khi u vo
tip im P c s chuyn i t mc thp ln mc cao.
Trng thi ca tn hiu c lu li vo M_BIT.
rng ca xung ny bng thi gian ca mt chu k qut.

Thay i trng thi tn hiu pha trc khng nh hng n

IN. Pht hin s thay i trng thi ca 1 tn hiu IN t 0
ln 1
Trng thi ca tn hiu IN c lu li vo M_BIT
rng ca xung ny bng thi gian ca mt chu k qut.

Tip im pht hin cnh xung s pht ra mt xung khi u

vo tip im ny c s chuyn i t mc cao xung mc
thp
Trng thi ca tn hiu c lu li vo M_BIT
rng ca xung ny bng thi gian ca mt chu k qut.

25
 Thay i trng thi tn hiu pha trc khng nh hng n
IN .Pht hin s thay i trng thi ca 1 tn hiu IN t 1
xung 0
Trng thi ca tn hiu IN c lu li vo M_BIT
rng ca xung ny bng thi gian camt chu k qut.

2.6.2. Lnh Timer, Counter

2.6.2.1.Timer

S dng lnh Timer to mt chng trnh tr nh thi.S lng ca Timer ph

thuc vo ngi s dng v s lng vng nh ca CPU.Mi timer s dng 16 byte
IEC_Timer d liu kiu cu trc DB. Step 7 t ng to khi DB khi ly khi Timer
Kch thc v tm ca kiu d liu Time l 32 bit, lu tr nh l d liu Dint: T#-
14d_20h_31m_23s_648ms n T#24d_20h_31m_23s_647ms hay l -2.147.483.648
ms n 2.147.483.647 ms.

Timer TP to mt chui xung vi rng xung t

trc. Thay i PT, IN khng nh hng khi Timer ang
chy.
Khi u vo IN c tc ng vo timer s to ra mt
xung c rng bng thi gian t PT

Timer tr sn ln c nh - Timer TONR

Thay i PT khng nh hng khi Timer ang vn hnh,
ch nh hng khi timer m li.
Khi ng vo IN chuyn sang FALSE khinvn hnh th
timer s dng nhng khng t li b nh th. Khi chn
IN TRUE tr li th Timer bt u tnh thi gian t gi
tr thi gian tch ly.

Timer tr khng nh- TON

Khi ng vo IN ngng tc ng th reset v dng hot
ng Timer. Thay i PT khi Timer vn hnh khng c
nh hng g

26
 Timer tr sn xung- TOF
Khi ng vo IN ngng tc ng th reset v dng hot
ng Timer. Thay i PT khi Timer vn hnh khng c
nh hng g

2.6.2.2 Counter

Lnh Counter c dng m cc s kin ngoi hay cc s kin qu trnh

trong PLC. Mi Counter s dng cu trc lu tr ca khi d liu DB lm d liu
ca Counter. Step 7 t ng to khi DB khi ly lnh.
Tm gi tr m ph thuc vo kiu d liu m bn chn la.Nu gi tr m l mt
s Interger khng du, c th m xung ti 0 hoc m ln ti tm gii hn.Nu gi
tr m l mt s interder c du, c th m ti gi tr m gii hn hoc m ln ti
mt s dng gii hn.

Counter m ln CTU
Gi tr b m CV c tng ln 1 khi tn hiu ng
vo CU chuyn t 0 ln 1. Ng ra Q c tc ng
ln 1 khi CV>=PV. Nu trng thi R = Reset c tc
ng th b m CV = 0.

Counter m xung CTD

Gi tr b m c gim 1 khi tn hiu ng vo CD
chuyn t 0 ln 1. Ng ra Q c tc ng ln 1 khi
CV <=0. Nu trng thi LOAD c tc ng th CV
= PV.

27
 Counter m ln xung- CTUD
Gi tr b m CV c tng ln 1 khi tn hiu ng
vo CU chuyn t 0 ln 1. Ng ra QU c tc ng
ln 1 khi CV >=PV. Nu trng thi R = Reset c tc
ng th b m CV = 0.
Gi tr b m CV c gim 1 khi tn hiu ng vo
CD chuyn t 0 ln 1. Ng ra QD c tc ng ln 1
khi CV <=0. Nu trng thi Load c tc ng th
CV = PV.

CHNG 3:

LP TRNH CHO B IU KHIN V THIT K GIAO

DIN GIM ST CHO H THNG
3.1. Lp trnh khi hm FC

V phn gii ca module khng ging nhau v c th c nhng ng dng

khng cn Scale K1,2 l 27648 do vy chng em vit li hm FC c gi tr analog
c ti u hn, khng s dng hm c sn trong PLC.
PVmin:l gi tr nh nht mong mun thc t o c
PVmax:l gi tr ln nht mong mun thc t o c
AIWmin: L gi tr nh nht m module c th c.
AIWmax: l gi tr ln nht module c th c c hoc l mnh mun cho n c.
( trn Siemens ni l t nh hn 27648 , chnh l gi tr ln nht m module
analog c th x l c).
AIW : l gi tr c c t u vo Input module
PV: l gi tr thc t PLC a ra ngoi hin th

28
 Hnh 3.1: th biu din mi quan h gia PV v AIW

T th trn ta thy c mi quan h gia PV v AIW l tuyn tnh, qua ta c

phng trnh nh sau:
=
PV = (PVmax-PVmin) +PVmin
thun tin cho ngi s dng, chng em s tch hp vi wincc v nhp trc
tip di o v gi tr c c PLC tng ng t trn giao din wincc.
3.2. Lp trnh cho b iu khin

3.2.1.Cu hnh phn cng trong Tia Portal

3.2.2.Vit chng trnh cho khi hm FC

Khai bo bin cho khi hm FC

29
Vit chng trnh

30
3.2.3.Chng trnh chnh OB1 gi chng trnh con

- Nhn Start: h thng hot ng.

- Nhn Stop: h thng ng hot ng.

31
3.3.Thit k giao din gim st h thng

Bng khai bo bin ca giao din gim st.

32
Giao din thit k gim st h thng

33
 CHNG 4- KT QU M PHNG
4.1.Kt qu m phng

4.2. Nhn xt:

Sau khi thc hin xong ti Thit k giao din cho m hnh o lng xy
ha tan (DO) s dng phn mm TIA-Portal v b iu khin PLC S7-1200 (S dng
khi hm FC) nhm em thu c nhng kin thc nht nh v oxy ha tan,
cng nh s dng phn mm TIA-Portal.
Chng em thit k c m hnh cho ti trn phn mm WinCC, bn thit k
kh y v chi tit. Do kin thc c hn v tnh thc t cn t nn vic thit k gp
khng t kh khn nn cc phng n trong n cha hon ton ti u.

34