S GIO DC V O TO THI HC SINH GII THNH PH

THNH PH NNG MN: HA HC LP 12

Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )

Cu I (4 im)
1. Ba loi mng tinh th kim loi c trng l lp phng tm khi, lp phng tm din v lc phng. nh
ngha rng mt sp xp tng i (k hiu l f) bng t l gia th tch chim bi cc hnh cu trong t bo c
s v th tch t bo c s. Hy tnh mt sp xp tng i trong cc tinh th lp phng tm khi v lp
phng tm din.

2. Xt phn ng tng hp amoniac : N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k)

450oC hng s cn bng ca phn ng ny l KP = 1,5.10-5.

(a) Ban u trn N2 v H2 theo t l 1:3 v th tch. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH 3 khi p sut h bng
500 atm v bng 1000 atm.
(b) Cc kt qu tnh c c ph hp vi nguyn l chuyn di cn bng ha hc hay khng?

P N IM

1. Gi r l bn knh hnh cu v a l di cnh mng c s :

1
Trong mt mng c c lp phng tm khi, s nguyn t bng 8 1 2 v
8
4
2 r 3
3a 4 r , 3
f 68% 0,75
a3
(0,25 3)

1 1
Trong mt mng c c lp phng tm din, s nguyn t bng 8 6 4 v
8 2
0,75
4
4 r 3 (0,25 3)
2a 4r , 3
f 74%
a3
2. (a) Gi x v h ln lt l s mol ban u ca N 2 v hiu sut phn ng.
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k)

no x 3x 0

n hx 3hx 2hx

x(1-h) 3x(1-h) 2hx n = x(4-2h)

1
 2 xh
2 1,00
2 P
PNH x ( 4 2h ) 2h ( 4 2h )
KP 3
P K (*)
3
PN .PH x (1 h ) 3x (1 h )
3
5,2(1 h ) 2
2 2 P P
( 4 2h )
x x ( 4 2h )

Ti 500 atm, (*) 14,1h 2 28,2h 10,1 0 vi h 1

h 0,467 , vy hiu sut phn ng bng 46,7%

Ti 1000 atm, (*) 14,1h 2 28,2h 10,1 0 vi h 1 1,00

h 0,593 , vy hiu sut phn ng bng 59,3% (0,50 3)

(b) Khi p sut tng, hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH 3 tng. iu ny ph hp vi nguyn l
chuyn di cn bng. Khi tng p sut, cn bng chuyn di theo chiu lm gim s phn t
kh (vi phn ng tng hp NH3 l chiu thun). 0,50

Cu II (3 im)
1. (a) Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch HBr t PBr3.
(b) Cho bit cu to v dng hnh hc ca phn t cc cht c trong phn ng iu ch trn.

(c) C th iu ch HBr bng phng php sunfat khng ? Ti sao ?

2. (a) Vit phng trnh phn ng (ghi r iu kin) iu ch trc tip nc Gia-ven t NaCl, clorua vi t CaCl 2
v kali clorat t KCl.
(b) Nc Gia-ven v clorua vi tip xc vi khng kh s phn ng vi CO 2 to cht oxi ha mnh l axit
hipoclor. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

P N IM

1. (a) Phng trnh phn ng :

PBr3 + 3H2O H3PO3 + 3HBr
0,50

(b) Cu to v dng hnh hc :

PBr3 H2O H3PO3 HBr

1,00

(0,25 4)

Thp y tam Gp khc T din ng thng

gic

(c) Khng iu ch HBr bng phng php sunfat, do dung dch H 2SO4 c c th oxi ha Br -

2
 thnh Br2 (2HBr + H2SO4 Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O). 0,25
dpdd
2. (a) H2O + NaCl kmn NaClO + H2
dpdd
2H2O + CaCl2 kmn Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2

dpdd (70 75 o C )
0,75
3H2O + KCl KClO3 + 3H2
kmn
(0,25 3)

(b) NaClO + H2O + CO2 NaHCO3 + HClO

Ca(OCl)2 + H2O + CO2 CaCO3 + 2HClO 0,50

hay 2CaOCl2 + H2O + CO2 CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HClO (0,25 2)

Cu III (5 im)
1. Phn chua l mt loi mui sunfat kp c cng thc KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
(a) Khi ha tan phn chua trong nc, dung dch thu c c th c nhng ion no (b qua tng tc ca ion
sunfat vi nc) v c mi trng axit hay baz ? Gii thch.
(b) Thm V (mL) dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo 100 mL dung dch KAl(SO 4)2 0,1M thu c 2,1375 gam kt
ta. Tnh V.
2. X l hn hp ng nht gm hai kim loi Fe v Cu, trong Fe chim 52,24% phn trm khi lng. Chia
32,16 gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau.
(a) Ha tan phn mt trong 113,4 gam dung dch HNO 3 40%. Khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
dung dch Y v sn phm kh duy nht l kh NO. in phn dung dch Y vi cc in cc tr, cng
dng in 5A, trong thi gian 2 gi 9 pht th kt thc in phn. Tnh tng khi lng ca catot, gi
thit ton b kim loi sinh ra bm ln catot.
(b) Ha tan phn hai bng 300 mL dung dch HCl 1M (khng c khng kh). Khi phn ng hon ton, lc tch
phn cht rn khng tan. Thm dung dch AgNO 3 d vo dung dch nc lc, thu c kt ta Z. Tnh khi
lng Z.

P N IM

1. (a) Trong dung dch phn chua c xy ra cc qu trnh :

KAl(SO4)2 K+ + Al3+ + 2SO42-

Al3+ + H2O Al(OH)2+ + H+

Al(OH)2+ + H2O Al(OH)2+ + H+

3
 Al(OH)2+ + H2O Al(OH)3 + H+

H2O OH- + H+ 1,00

Vy dung dch phn chua c th c cc ion K +, Al3+, SO42-, Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2+, H+ v OH-. V (0,25 4)
trong dung dch ny [H+] > [OH-] nn mi trng c tnh axit.

(b) Theo gi thit n Al 3 0,01 mol v n SO 24 0,02 mol . Gi x l s mol Ba(OH) 2 cn

thm vo, nh vy n Ba 2 x mol v n OH 2 x mol .

Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 (1)

no x (mol) 0,02 (mol)

0,25
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (2)

no 0,01 (mol) 2x (mol)

Al(OH)3 + OH- Al(OH)4- (3)

Xt trng hp ch xy ra phn ng (1) v (2). Trong trng hp ny Al 3+ tham gia phn ng

2x
va hoc d : 0,01 x 0,015 (mol) , v nh vy Ba2+ phn ng ht phn ng
3
(1).

2x
Ta c m(kt ta) = 233.x 78. 2,1375 x 0,0075 ( mol)
3
0,50
0,0075 mol
Vy th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 s dng l 1000mL / L 75m L
0,1 mol / L

Nu xy ra cc phn ng (1), (2) v (3) th x 0,015 (mol)

m BaSO 4 0,015 mol 233 gam / mol 3,495 gam 2,1375 gam (loi). 0,25

52,24 32,16 gam 47,76 32,16 gam

2. n Fe 0,3 mol ; n Cu 0,24 mol
100 56 gam / mol 100 64 gam / mol
Nh vy trong mi phn c 0,15 mol Fe v 0,12 mol Cu.

40 113,4 gam
(a) n HNO 3 100 63 gam / mol 0,72 mol
3Fe + 8HNO3 3Fe(NO3)2 + 2NO + 2H2O (1)

0,15 0,72

0,15 0,4 0,15

1,00
0 0,32 0,15

3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O (2)

4
 0,12 0,32

0 0 0,12

Nh vy dung dch Y cha 0,15 mol Fe(NO3)2 v 0,12 mol Cu(NO3)2.

Cc phn ng in phn c th c (theo th t) :

Cu(NO3)2 + H2O Cu + 1/2O2 + 2HNO3 (3)

0,12 0,06

Fe(NO3)2 + H2O Fe + 1/2O2 + 2HNO3 (4) 0,50

0,08 0,04

H2O H2 + 1/2O2 (5)

1 5 7740
Ta c : n O 2 0,1 mol
4 96500

V
1
2
1

n Cu ( NO 3 ) 2 0,06 n O 2 n Cu ( NO 3 ) 2 n Fe( NO 3 ) 2 0,135
2

xy ra (1) v (2), nhng Fe(NO3)2 cn d.

0,50
T (3) v (4) ta thy lng kim loi kt ta ln catot gm 0,12 mol Cu v 0,08 mol Fe.

Vy tng khi lng catot bng :

(64 gam / mol 0,12 mol) 56 gam / mol 0,08 mol 12,16 gam

(b) Ha tan trong dung dch HCl (khng c khng kh) :

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (6)

0,15 0,3

0,15 0,3 0,15

0,25
0 0,0 0,15

Dung dch Z cha 0,15 mol FeCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl.

Thm dung dch AgNO3 d vo dung dch Z :

Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (7)

0,3 0,3 0,75

5
 Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag (8) (0,25 3)

0,15 0,15

m m AgCl m Ag (0,3 143,5) (0,15 108) 59,25 (gam)

Cu IV (3 im)
1. Trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit nm l ha cht lng mt nhn gm axit fomic, axit acrilic, anehit
propionic, ancol etylic v ancol n-propylic.
2. A l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C 7H8O2. A phn ng ht vi Na d sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol
ca A. A tc dng c vi Na 2CO3, nhng khng phn ng vi NaHCO 3. Khi tc dng vi HCl to hp cht
c cng thc C7H7OCl, cn tc dng vi Br2 to c dn xut tribrom.
(a) Lp lun xc nh cu to A v gi tn.
(b) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

P N IM

1. Nhn ra hai axit cacboxylic bng qu tm m (lm qu ha , cc mu th khc khng lm

i mu qu) v phn bit hai axit bng phn ng trng gng (axit fomic to kt ta Ag).
RCOOH + H2O RCOO- + H3O+

HCOOH + 2AgNO3 + 4NH3 + H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3

Dng phn ng trng gng nhn ra andehit axetic trong cc mu th cn li v dng

I2/NaOH phn bit hai ancol (ch etanol to kt ta vng iodofom).
1,00
CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
(0,25 4)
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH HCOONa + CHI3 + 5NaI + 5H2O

2. (a) C7H8O2 c = 4, nh vy A c mt nhn thm.

A phn ng ht vi Na d sinh ra H 2 c s mol bng s mol ca A, nh vy A c hai nhm
chc cha H linh ng (hai nhm OH).

A tc dng c vi Na 2CO3, nhng khng phn ng vi NaHCO 3, nh vy A c nhm

phenol. A tc dng vi HCl cho thy A cha nhm ancol.
0,50
Khi tc dng vi Br2, A to c dn xut tribrom, nh vy hai nhm th trn nhn thm v
tr meta-.

Cu to v tn gi :

0,50

6
 Cc phng trnh phn ng :

HOCH2C6H4OH + 2Na NaOC6H4CH2ONa + H2

HOCH2C6H4OH + Na2CO3 HOCH2C6H4ONa + NaHCO3

HOCH2C6H4OH + HCl ClCH2C6H4OH + H2O

1,00

(0,25 4)

Cu V ( 5 im)
1. Cho bit dng ion lng cc chnh ca Lysin v ca Axit glutamic. Gii thch nguyn nhn ti sao chng tn ti
dng chnh .
2. Cho m gam xenluloz tc dng va ht vi 25,2 gam HNO 3 c trong hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c to
thnh 66,6 gam coloxilin (l hn hp ca xenluloz mononitrat v xenluloz dinitrat). Tnh m v % khi lng
cc cht trong coloxilin.
3. Mt disaccarit A c cng thc phn t C12H22O11. A khng tham gia phn ng trng gng v khng lm mt
mu dung dch brom. Ch c th thy phn A bng mantaza (loi men dng thy phn cc cu ni -glicozit)
to thnh sn phm duy nht D-glucoz. Metyl ha hon ton cc nhm hidroxyl ca A, ri thy phn sn
phm thu c to ra 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-metyl-D-glucoz. Lp lun xc nh cu trc ca A.

P N IM

1. Dng ion lng cc chnh ca Lysin :

0,75
Nhm NH2 trn C-2 chu nh hng ht electron ca nhm COOH nhiu hn, nn tnh (0,50+0,25)
baz yu hn nhm NH2 trn C-6.

Dng ion lng cc chnh ca Axit glutamic :

0,75
Nhm COOH u mch (C-1) chu nh hng ht electron ca nhm NH 2 mnh hn, nn
tnh axit mnh hn nhm COOH cui mch (C-5). (0,50+0,25)

7
2. Cc phng trnh phn ng:
[C6H7O2(OH)3]n + nHONO2 [C6H7O2(OH)2(ONO2)]n + nH2O (1)

a mol na mol 207na gam

0,50
[C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 2nHONO2[C6H7O2(OH)(ONO2)2]n + 2nH2O (2)
(0,25 2)
b mol 2nb mol 252nb gam

t s mol xenluloz trong hai phn ng (1), (2) ln lt l a v b.

25,2
n HNO3 na 2nb 0,4 na 0,2
Theo gi thit ta c : 63
n coloxilin 207na 252nb 66,6 nb 0,1

Khi lng xenluloz ban u :

1,00
m = 162n(a + b) = 162(na + nb) = 162 0,3 = 48,6 gam
(0,50 2)
Phn trm khi lng cc cht trong coloxilin :

207na 100%
%mxenlulozomononitrat = = 62,2%; %mxenlulozodinitrat = 37,8%
66,6

3. Thy phn A to sn phm duy nht l D-glucoz, nh vy A l mt disaccarit to t hai n

v glucoz.
A khng tham gia phn ng trng gng (khng cn OH-hemiaxetal), nn cc phn t
glucoz phi c lin kt vi nhau qua cu ni C(1)C(1).

N ch c th thy phn bng men mantaza, nh vy cu ni glycosit l anpha i vi mi

vng. 1,00

Nhm OH trn C-5 khng b metyl ha cho thy cc vng l vng su cnh. (0,25 4)

Cu trc ca A :

1,00

8
S GIO DC V O TO KY THI CHON HOC SINH GIOI TINH NM HOC 2011 2012
K LK MN: HO HOC 12 THPT
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k giao )
CHNH THC Ngay thi: 10/11/2011
( ny c 2 trang)
Cu 1: (2,5 im)
1. Cho 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z (Z X < ZY < ZZ). X, Y cng m t nhm A 2 chu k lin tip trong bng
tun hon; Y, Z l hai nguyn t k c n nhau trong m t chu k; Tng s proton trong ht nhn X, Y l 24.
Xc nh b bn s lng t ca electron sau cng trong cc nguyn t X, Y, Z.
2. Cho c kht ca mng tinh th l p phng tm khi l = 68 %. T hy tnh khi lng
ring ca nguyn t Natri theo g/cm 3, bit Natri kt tinh c dng tinh th l p phng tm khi v bn
knh hi u dng ca nguyn t Natri bng 0,189 nm
Cu 2: (1,5 im)
1. Thm 100 ml HCl vo hn hp KIO3 v KI d chun it gii phng ra th ht 10,5 ml Na2S2O3
0,01054M. Vit phng trnh ha hc dng ion rt gn v cn bng phn ng theo phng php cn
bng ion electron. Tnh nng dung dch HCl ?
2. Tr n x mol tinh th CaCl2.6H2O vo A lt dung dch CaCl2 c nng B mol/l v khi lng ring
l D1 g/l ta thu c V lt dung dch CaCl2 c nng mol/l l C v c khi lng ring l D2 (g/l).
Hy tnh gi tr ca x theo A, B, C, D1, D2.
Cu 3: ( 2,0 im)
1. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng iu ch NH3: N2 + 3H2 o
2NH3 500 C bng 1,5.10 atm .
-5 -2

Tnh xem c bao nhiu phn trm hn hp ban u (N2 + 3H2) chuyn thnh NH3, nu phn ng c
thc hi n 500 atm, 1000 atm. Cho nh n xt v kt qu
2. Cho bin thin nng cht phn ng theo thi gian c biu din theo bng nh sau:

t (s) 0 20 40 60
[A] mol/l 0,4 0,2 0,1 0,05
Tnh tc tc thi ca phn ng ti giy th 20.
Cu 4: ( 1,5 im)
1. Tnh nhi t sinh chun ( H0298.s) ca CH4 (K). Bit rng nng lng lin kt H H trong H 2 l 436
kJ.mol-1; nng lng lin kt trung bnh C H trong CH 4 l 410 kJ.mol-1 v nhi t nguyn t ha H0a ca
Cgr (K) l: H0a= 718,4 kJ.mol-1. Cc gi tr u xc nh iu ki n chun.
2. S phn hy N2O5 theo phn ng: N2O5 N2O4 + O2 c b c ng hc bng 1. 250C, hng s
tc bng 10-3 pht -1. nhi t ny ngi ta cho vo bnh phn ng kh N2O5 di p sut po = 25.103
Pa. Hi sau 2 gi p sut ring ca N2O4 v ca O2 l bao nhiu?
Cu 5: (2,5 im)

9
 1. Khi thm NaOH vo dung dch CuSO4 th to ra kt ta Cux(OH)y(SO4)z. lm kt ta hon ton
ion Cu2+ cha trong 25 ml CuSO4 0,1M cn 18,75 ml NaOH 0,2M.
- Xc nh t s mol Cu2+/OH- trong kt ta
- Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t trong Cux(OH)y(SO4)z
- Vit phng trnh ha hc xy ra.
2. M t pin c cu to bi 2 i n cc, i n cc th nht gm m t thanh ng nhng trong dung
dch Cu2+ c nng 10-2M; i n cc th hai gm 1 thanh Cu nhng trong dung dch phc [Cu(NH3)4]2+
10-2M. Sut i n ng ca pin 250C l 38 mV. Tnh nng mol/l ca ion Cu2+ trong dung dch i n
cc m v tnh hng s bn ca phc cht [Cu(NH3)4]2+. Bit K a ,NH4 = 10-9,2.
Cu 6: ( 3,0 im)
A l mu hp kim Cu Zn. Chia mu hp kim thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 ha tan bng dung dch HCl d thy cn li 1 gam khng tan.
- Phn 2 luy n thm 4 gam Al vo th thy thu c mu hp kim B trong hm lng phn
trm ca Zn nh hn 33,33 % so vi hm lng Zn trong mu hp kim A.
a) Tnh hm lng % ca Cu trong mu hp kim A, bit rng khi ngm mu hp kim B vo dung
dch NaOH th sau m t thi gian kh bay ra vt qu 6,0 lt (ktc).
b) T hp kim B mun c hp kim C cha 20% Cu; 50% Zn v 30% Al th phi luy n thm cc kim
loi vi lng nh th no?
Cu 7: ( 2,0 im)
1. Hirocacbon A c d A = 2,5. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A bit 1 mol A
O2
ddKMnO 4 2 mol
H 2SO 4

CO2 + 2 mol axit oxalic. A c ng phn hnh hc khng? Nu c hy vit cc ng phn hnh hc ca A
v gi tn A.
2. hir ha 1 mol ankan A thu c 1 mol hirocacbon B khng no, thc hi n phn ng ozon
phn B cho ra 1 mol anehit maleic v 2 mol anehit fomic. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca hirocacbon
A v B.
Cu 8: ( 2,0 im)
1. Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C9H10O2 phn ng vi dung dch NaHCO3 gii phng kh CO2. X
khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. X khng phn ng vi CH 3OH khi c m t H2SO4 c. Khi cho
H2SO4 c vo X sau cho hn hp vo CH3OH c lm lnh th thu c hp cht B c cng thc
phn t C10H12O2. Hy vit cng thc cu to ca A. Gii thch cc tnh cht trn ca A v c ch phn
ng to thnh B.
2. ixian l hp cht c cng thc C2N2. Vit CTCT ca ixian, khi un nng ixian n 5000C thu
c cht rn A c mu en, cng thc (CN)n. Vit CTCT ca A.
Cu 9: (3,0 im)
1. Peptit A c phn t khi bng 307 v cha 13,7% N. Khi thy phn m t phn thu c 2 peptit B,
C. Bit 0,48 g B phn ng vi 11,2 ml dung dch HCl 0,536M v 0,708 g cht C phn ng vi 15,7 ml
dung dch KOH 2,1 % (d= 1,02 g/ml). Bit cc phn ng xy hon ton v c un nng. L p cng thc
cu to ca A, gi tn cc amino axit to thnh A.
2. Hai hp cht thm A v B u c cng thc phn t C nH2n-8O2. Hi B c khi lng ring 5,447
g/l (ktc). A c kh nng phn ng vi kim loi Na gii phng H 2 v c phn ng trng gng. B phn
ng c vi Na2CO3 gii phng kh CO2 .
a) Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B.

10
 b) A c 3 ng phn A1; A2; A3, trong A1 l ng phn c nhit si nh nht.
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A1, gii thch.
c) Vit s chuyn ho o-crezol thnh A1; toluen thnh B.
Cho: H=1; C=12; N=14; O=16; F=19; Na=23; Mg=24; Al=27; Si=28; P=31; S=32; Cl=35,5; K=39;
Ca=40; Cr=52; Mn=55; Fe=56; Cu=64; Zn=65; Br=80; Ag=108; Sn=118,7; I=127; Ba=137;

.HT.
- Th sinh khng c s dng ti li u v bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc
- Gim th khng gii thch g thm
- H v tn th sinh.......... S bo danh.....

HNG DN P N MN HA HOC 12 THPT

NI DUNG IM
Cu 1:(2,5)
24
1. ZX + ZY = 24 (1) Z 12 ZX< Z < ZY. A, B thu c cng m t phn nhm
2 0,5
chnh 2 chu k lin tip X, Y thu c cng chu k 2, 3. D : ZY Z X = 8 (2)
ZX 8 X:O
T (1) v (2)
ZY 16 Y : S
Y, Z l 2 nguyn t k c n nhau trong 1 chu k: ZZ = 17 Z l Cl 0,5
Cu hnh (e): O : 1s22s22p4.
S: 1s22s22p63s23p4 0,25
Cl: 1s22s22p63s23p5.
B 4 s lng t ca (e) sau cng ca:
1
O: n = 2; l = 1; m = -1; s =
2
1 0,5
S: n = 3; l = 1; m = -1; s =
2
1
Cl: n = 3; l = 1; m = 0; s = .
2
2. Th tch ca m t nguyn t natri trong tinh th:
4
.3,14.(0,189.107 cm)3 2,83.10 23 cm 3 0,25
3
Khi lng ring ca natri:
23.68 0,5
3 23
0,92g / cm3
6, 022.10 .2,83.10 .100

Cu 2: (1,5)
Phn ng xy ra khi cho HCl vo
2I O3 + 12H+ + 10e

I2 + 6H2O 0,25
2 I I2 + 2e
+
2I O3 + 10 I + 12H

6I2 + 6H2O
11
 6I2 +6 I
6 I3 0,25

IO +8 I + 6H+
3

3 I + 3H2O
3

I + 2S2 O
3
2
3
2
S4 O6 +3 I
0,25
1 1
n I n S O2 n H n H 0, 01054.10,5.10 3
3
2 2 3
2
0,1107.103.1000 0,25
[HCl] 1,107.103 M
100
1.Hng dn:
Ta c:

219x AD1 VD 2
xD 2 ABD 2 219xC AD1C
x AB VC
ABD 2 ACD1 0,25
x
219C D 2
0,25

Cu 3(2)
1. Hng dn:
2
PNH 0,25
5

3
3
1,5.10 (1)
PN 2 .PH 2
1
PH2 3PN2 (2) (2) (3) : PN2 (P PNH3 )(4)
4
P
N2 P H2 PNH 3 P(3)


3
PH2 (P PNH3 )(5)
4
Thay (4) v (5) vo (1) ta c :
PNH3
1, 26.103
(P PNH3 ) 2

1, 26.103 PNH
2
(2,52.10 3 P 1).PNH3 1, 26.10 3 P 2 0 0,25
3

+ Khi p = 500atm:
1, 26.103.PNH
2
3
2, 26PNH3 315 0
PNH3 1641,33atm (loi v PNH3 P)

PNH3 152,3atm
0,25
+ Khi p = 1000 atm:

12
 1, 26.103.PNH
2
3
3,52PNH3 1, 26.103 0
PNH3 2372, 08atm (loi v PNH3 P)

PNH3 421, 6atm
Gi x v x l phn trm hn hp ban u chuyn ha thnh NH3 p = 500 atm v p = 1000
atm ta c: 0,25
NH3 + 3H2 2NH3.
Ban u 1 3 0
Phn ng x 3x 2x
Cn bng 1 x 3 3x 2x
Tng s mol sau phn ng: 1 x + 3 3x + 2x = 4 2x
0,25
2x 152,3
500atm th : x = 46,62%
4 2x 500
2x ' 421, 6
1000atm th : x = 59,55%
4 2x ' 1000
Nh v y p sut tng lm cho cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thu n, lm hi u sut phn
ng tng.
2. Vi phn ng b c 1: 0,25
C1 = C0.e kt1 C2 = C0 .e kt 2 k l hng s tc phn ng
ln C1 ln C2
lnC1 lnC2 = k(t2 t1) k
t 2 t1 0,25
Nu gi tr ki thu c trong th nghi m c gi tr xp x nhau cho cc c p (Ci; ti) th c th kt
lu n l phn ng b c 1
Ta c:
ln 0, 4 ln 0, 2 ln 0, 2 ln 0,1 ln 0,1 ln 0, 05 0,25
0, 035 phn ng trn l phn ng b c 1
20 0 40 20 60 40
Tc phn ng tc thi ti giy th 20: V = k.C20 = 0,035.0,2 = 0,007 mol. lt -1.s-1.

Cu 4: (1,5)
0 0,5
1. ta c : Cgr + 2H2 H 298.s
CH4 (k)
H
4EC H

C(k) + 2H2 (k)

2E H H
C(k) + 4H(k)
0,25
Theo nh lu t Hess:
0 0
H 298.s (CH4) = H a + 2EH H 4EC H = 718,4 + 2. 436 - 4. 410 = - 49,6 kJ.mol-1
0,25
2. Phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng b c nht c dng:
C
ln o = kt (vi Co l nng ban u v C l nng tng thi im ca cht phn
C

0,25
13
 Co Po Po
ng). V Pi = CiRT( T = const th = ) nn ta cung c : ln = kt
C P PN2O5
Vi t = 120 pht; k = 10-3 ph-1 v Po = 25.103 Pa ta tnh c P N2O5 = 22,17.103 Pa
0,25
0
M t khc: PN 2 O5 - P N2O5 = P N2O4 = 2P O2
P N2O4 = 25.103 - 22,17.103 = 2,83.103 Pa
P O2 = 1,415.103 Pa
0,25
Cu 5: (2,5)
1.nCu2+ = nCuSO4 = 0,0025 mol
nOH- = nNaOH = 0,00375 mol
nCu 2 1 2


nOH 1,5 3
1 0,25
nNa 2SO 4 nNaOH 0, 001875mol
2
nSO 24 0, 0025 0, 001875 0, 000625 (trong kt ta)
0,25
nCu2+ : n OH : nSO42- = 0,0025 : 0,00375 : 0,000625 = 4: 6: 1
Cng thc phn t ca kt ta l: Cu4(OH)6SO4
256 0,25
%Cu .100 53,388% 32
454 %S .100 7, 048%
454
160 0,25
%O .100 35, 242% %H 1,322%
454
- Phng trnh: 4CuSO4 + 6NaOH Cu4(OH)6SO4 + 3Na2SO4.
2. (-)Cu/[Cu(NH3)4]2-(10-2M)//Cu2+(10-2M)/Cu(+)
y l pin nng , i n cc cha ion phc l i n cc m, i n cc cha mui ng l 0,25
cc dng
0, 059 102
E = 0,038 = lg
2 [Cu 2 ]
lg[Cu2+] = -3,288 nn [Cu2+] = 5,15.10-4M 0,25
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2
2+
2+
V: [Cu(NH3)4] Cu + 4NH3 Kb =
[Cu 2 ][NH 3 ]4
Nn [NH3] = 4[Cu2+] = 4.(5,15.10-4 ) = 2,06.10-3M
0,25
v [Cu(NH3)4]2+ = 10-2 5,15.10-4 = 9,485.10-3M
Thay vo cng thc ta c Kb = 1,02.1012.
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2 0,25
Ta bit: [Cu(NH3)4] 2+


2+
Cu + 4NH3 Kb = 2 4
1, 02.1012
[Cu ][NH 3 ]
[H ]4 [NH 3 ]4 0,25
4NH3 + 4H +
4 NH 4
Ka = 4
109,2
[NH 4 ]

14
 [Cu 2 ][NH 4 ]4 1 0,5
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 4H+
Cu 2+
+ 4 NH
4 K cb = 2 4
4
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] [H ] K a .K b
1 1
suy ra: Kcb = 9,2 4
6, 21.1024 1024,8 0,25
K K b (10 ) .1, 02.1012
4
a

Cu 6: (3)
1. phn th nht: Ha tan trong dung dch HCl d, ch Zn tan v y 1 gam kim loi 0,5
khng tan chnh l Cu. Nu gi x l khi lng Zn trong mi phn th: khi lng phn th
nht bng khi lng phn th 2 v bng (1 + x)gam
phn th hai: sau khi luy n thm 4 gam Al ta c: 0,25
1
%mZn (trong A) - %m Zn (trong B) = 33,3% =
3
x x 1
Hay: x 2 6x 5 0 (I) . Gii ra: x1 = 1; x2 = 5.
x 1 x 1 4 3
Khi ha tan B trong dung dch NaOH c cc phn ng:
Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2 (1) 0,25
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 (2)
thi im c 6 lit kh bay ra, ta khng xc nh c lng Al v Zn phn ng (b ha tan) l 0,25
bao nhiu ( do khng bit tc ha tan ca mi kim loi)
V y nu gi mAl phn ng l m(g) (k: 0 m 4) 0,25
v gi mZn phn ng l n(g) ( k: 0 n 5), theo (1), (2) ta c:
n 3 m 6 0,25
n H2 (bi cho)
65 2 27 22, 4
390 22, 4n
m , v v m 4
80,89
390 22, 4n 0,25
Nn: 4 n 3 ta chn x2 = 5 (g) hp l.
80,89
1
V y hm lng % Cu trong (A) l: .100% = 16,67%
6 0,25
2. Thnh phn hp kim B nh sau: 1g Cu, 5g Zn, 4g Al
Tc l Cu chim 10%, Zn chim 50%, Al chim 40%. Trong hp kim (C), % khi lng
Al gim (cn 30%), n gin ta coi nh lng Al khng i (c nh), ch thay i
lng Cu v lng Zn
V trong hp kim (C), 4g Al chim 30% nn: 0,25
4
20% Cu ng vi: .20 2, 667(g) cn thm 1,667g Cu
30
4 0,25
50% Zn ng vi: .50 6, 667(g) cn thm 6,667g Zn
30
Cu 7(2)
1. Hng dn: 0,25

15
 x6 0,5
CxHy: 12x + y = 80 C6 H 8
y8
1 mol A + dd KMnO4/H2SO4 2 mol CO2 + 2mol HOOC COOH
A phi c nhm CH2 = v 2 nhm = CH CH =
0,25
2.6 2 8
Cng thc phn t ca A l C6H8 3
2
A c CTCT: CH=CH CH = CH CH = CH2. (hexa 1,3,5 trien)
A c ng phn hnh hc:
H H H CH CH2
C C C C 0,5
CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH H
cis-hexa-1,3,5-trien trans-hexa-1,3,5-trien
2. Hng dn:
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 = CH CH2 CH = CH2
O O
CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 + 2O3 CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2
0,5
O O O O
+ H2O/Zn

HOC CH2 CHO + 2HCHO + 2H2O2

Cu 8: (2) 0,25
1. A ( C9H10O2):
- Phn ng vi NaHCO3 gii phng CO2 nn A cha nhm COOH
- Khng lm mt mu nc brom nn A cha benzen
- A l axit m khng phn ng este ha vi CH3OH nn A phi c n ng khng gian
nhm COOH ln, do A c cu to l:
CH3

COOH 0,5

CH3
S to thnh B:
0,25
CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3
O
C H+ O -- H O CH3OH O
C 2
OH C O C
OH2 -H+ OCH3
CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3 0,5

(cng m t m t phng)
2. Hng dn:
CTCT ca ixian: N C C N
0,25
16
Khi nung nng 5000C A : (CN)n.
CTCT ca A:
N N N N
C C C C
C C C C
N N N N
0,25
Cu 9(3)
13, 7
1. Lng N trong 1 mol A = .307 42g
100
Tc 42: 14 = 3 mol N, nh v y A l m t tripeptit c cng thc cu to phn t:
NH2 CH CO NH CH CO NH CH COOH
R1 R2 R3 0,25
Khi thy phn A thu c cc peptit
(B) NH2 CH CO NH CH COOH (C) NH2 CH CO NH CH COOH
R1 R2 R2 R3
nHCl = 0,0112.0,536 = 0,006 mol
NH2 CH CO NH CH COOH + 2HCl + H2O CINH3 CH COOH + CINH3 CH COOH
R1 R2 R1 R2
0,25
0,003 mol 0,006 mol
MB = 0,48: 0,003 = 160 vC R1 + R2 = 160 -130 = 30 v C (1)
15, 7.1, 02.0, 021
nKOH = 0, 006mol
56
NH2 CH CO NH CH COOH + 2KOH NH2 CH COOK + NH2 CH COOK
R2 R3 R2 R3 0,25
0,003 mol 0,006 mol
MC = 0,708 : 0,003 = 236 vC R2 + R3 = 236 130 = 106 vC (2)
M t khc: R1 + R2 + R3 = 307 186 = 121 vC (3)
Gii h 3 phng trnh (1), (2), (3) ta c R1 = R2 = 15 ng vi CH3
R3 = 91 ng vi C6H5 CH2
Cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A l:
NH2 CH CO NH CH CO NH CH COOH
0,25
CH3 CH3 CH2 C6H5

NH2 CH CO NH CH CO NH CH COOH
CH2 C6H5 CH3 CH3
Tn cc amino axit l: alanin v phenyl alanin

2. 0,25
MB = 5,447.22,4 = 122 (g) => CTPT ca A, B: C7H6O2
A + Na H2 => A c nhm -OH.
A + AgNO3
NH 3
Ag => A c nhm -CH=O
a) CTCT ca A:
0,25
17
 CH=O CH=O CH=O
OH

OH 0,25
OH
B + Na2CO
3 CO2 => B l axit: C6H5COOH
A1 l: 0,5
CH=O
OH

v A1 c lin kt hiro ni phn t lm gim nhit si.

(Tnh axit ca B mnh hn axit CH3-COOH v nhm -C6H5 l nhm ht e)
c) S phn ng t o-crezol thnh A1: 0,25
CH3 CH2Cl CH2OH CH=O
OH OH OH OH
CuO

Clas2
NaOH

t0
t0

T toluen B:
CH3 COOH

KMnO4 ( t o ); H

18