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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

CHAPTER 3
The Skeletal System

Overview: Skeletal System CHECK POINT:

We are born with 270 bones in our bodies, and
even more bones form during childhood. By
the time we reach adulthood though, several
separate bones have fused together so that the
number of our bones has decreased to around
2061, which make up the adult skeletal system.
An example of this reduction occurs in each
half of our pelvis, where three separate bones
the ilium, the ischium, and the pubisfuse into
one single bone called the os coxa.
The skeletal system is further divided into the
axial skeleton, consisting of the bones of the
skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage;
and the appendicular skeleton, which con-
sists of the bones of the upper and lower extremi-
ties along with their associated girdles (Table 3.1).
1
Around 206some people develop varying numbers of miscel-
laneous bones, either sesamoid bones, which form within
some tendons as a response to stress (such as the patella) or
sutural bones, which develop within the sutures of the skull.
Overview: Skeletal System
1. The average human adult has ___________
bones in their body, while the average new-
born has ___________ bones in theirs.
2. Explain the difference.
Naming Bony Processes
and Other Landmarks
Bony landmarks are various ridges, spines, depres-
sions, pores, bumps, grooves, and articulating struc-
tures on the surface of bones. These structures allow
for the passage of blood vessels and nerves; for joints
between bones; and for the attachment of liga-
ments, muscles, and tendons. Therefore, a working
knowledge of the names of these structures will be a
valuable asset when considering the structure and
function of these surface features.
Some of the most commonly encountered bony
landmarks are listed in Table 3.2.

Table 3.1 Summary of the Bones of the Adult Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton80 Bones Appendicular Skeleton126 Bones

Skull and Hyoid 23 bones Pectoral Girdle 4 bones
Inner Ear Ossicles 6 bones Upper Extremities 60 bones
Vertebral Column 26 bones Pelvic Girdle 2 bones
Sternum and Ribs 25 bones Lower Extremities 60 bones

Total 206 Bones

Bonus Question: Using this information as a reference, how would this table
appear if it was a list of the bones for a newborn?

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Table 3.2 Common Bony Landmarks

FEATURE DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

Landmarks of Articulation:
Condyle: Smooth, rounded knob occipital condyle of skull
Facet: Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular facets of vertebrae
articular surface
Head: Prominent expanded end of a bone, head of the femur
sometimes rounded

Elevated Landmarks:
Process: Any bony prominence mastoid process of the skull
Spine: Sharp, slender, or narrow process spine of the scapula
Crest: Narrow ridge iliac crest of the pelvis
Line: Slightly raised, elongated ridge nuchal lines of the skull
Tuberosity: Rough surface tibial tuberosity
Tubercle: Small, rounded process greater tubercle of the humerus
Trochanter: Massive processes unique to the femur greater trochanter of the femur
Epicondyle: Projection superior to a condyle medial epicondyle of the femur
Depressions or Flat Surfaces:
Alveolus: Pit or socket tooth socket
Fossa: Shallow; broad, or elongated basin mandibular fossa
Fovea: Small pit fovea capitis of the femur
Sulcus: Groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel intertubercular sulcus of the Humerus

Spaces or openings:
Foramen: Hole through a bone, usually round foramen magnum of the skull
Fissure: Slit through a bone orbital fissure behind the eye
Meatus or canal: Tubular passage or tunnel through a bone auditory meatus of the ear
Sinus: Space or cavity within a bone frontal sinus of the skull

Bonus Question: Alveolus is a common term in human anatomy. How many other examples of alveoli can
you find in Anatomy & Physiology Revealed (APR)?
Au/Ed: ital okay?

CHECK POINT:
Naming Bone Processes and Other Landmarks Lines
Crest
1. Explain the difference between a crest and
a line.
2. Explain the difference between a condyle and Sinuses
an epicondyle.
3. Explain the difference between a foramen Foramen
and a fissure. Canal
(meatus)
Process
Condyle Alveolus
Spine Foramen
EXERCISE 3.1:

Coloring Exercise
Color in the structures with colored pens or
pencils.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Process
A Few Notes About Naming Processes
Spine Fossae A process is any bony prominencethat is, a piece
of bone that sticks out from the rest of the bone.
When it comes to naming these processes, there are
a few rules that need to be followed to minimize
confusion. For example, lets consider when a
process articulates with another bone, such as the
zygomatic process of the temporal bone. This
process is a structure on the temporal bone that
articulates with the zygomatic bone. The formula
Fovea for naming one of these processes is:
Head
the x process of the y bone
Crest
where x the name of bone articulated with
Trochanters
and y the name of the bone it is part of
So, with the ZYGOMATIC process of the TEMPO-
RAL bone, x ZYGOMATIC (the bone articulated
with) and y TEMPORAL (the bone it is part of).
Line
Now, how does the zygomatic process of the temporal
bone compare to the temporal process of the zygo-
matic bone? If you are not sure, dont worry, we will
cover these structures shortly.
Lets look at the styloid process of the temporal
bone. This styloid process does not articulate with any
other bone, but it shares its name with the styloid
Eplcondyles processes of both the ulna and radius bones of the
forearm. Therefore, it must be named in reference to
the bone that it is part of to prevent confusion
hence the name the styloid process of the temporal
Condyles bone. What problems would you predict could occur
if this distinction is not made in an emergency room
scenario?
Head Some processes, the mastoid process for exam-
Tubercle ple, are unique in name and do not articulate with
any other bones. These require no further clarifica-
tion when naming them.

CHECK POINT:
Tuberosity
A Few Notes About Naming Processes

1. Consider the temporal process of the

zygomatic bone
a) This process articulates with which bone?
b) This process is part of which bone?
2. What is the correct way to say the two styloid
Epicondyles Fossae processes of the forearm?
3. Why is it correct to refer to the mastoid
process as the mastoid process and not the
mastoid process of the temporal bone?
Condyles

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

From the Home screen, click

the drop-down box on the Select
system menu.
From the systems listed, click on
Skeletal, and you will see the
image to the right:

This is the opening screen for

the Skeletal System.

Animation: Joint Movements Extension:

We cannot discuss the bones of the skeleton without

first understanding their movements in reference to
each other and with the rest of the body. The loca- Abduction:
tion of this movement or articulation between
bones is the joint. In the ANIMATIONS section of
the Skeletal System, several of these joint move-
ments are listed for you. By selecting a specific joint Adduction:
movement, a definition and short animated exam-
ple will explain each one.

Pronation:
EXERCISE 3.2:

Joint Movements
From the opening screen for the Skeletal Sys- Supination:
tem click the ANIMATIONS button at the top
of the screen.
From the Select animation menu, select each
of the movements listed under the Joint move- Elevation:
ments heading.
Click the Play button, and view the animation.
After viewing the animation and reading the defini- Depression:
tion, define the following joint movements. Click the
Select animation menu in the ANIMATION
LIST window to select the next term:
Circumduction:
Flexion:

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Rotation: 1. Define appositional bone growth.

Dorsiflexion:
2. Which cells produce bone material?

Plantar flexion:
3. How is a tunnel formed around a blood vessel?

Eversion:
4. How is the tunnel filled in to produce a new
osteon?
Inversion:

5. What is the name for the concentric rings that

Protraction: form the osteon?

Retraction:
CHECK POINT:
Joint Movements
1. A movement that raises a body part is . . . .
2. A movement of a body part away from the
main axis of the body or structure is . . . .
3. A movement at the ankle so that the dorsum
of the foot is elevated is . . . .
4. A movement that decreases the angle
between two bones at a joint is . . . .
5. A movement that increases the angle
between two bones at a joint is . . . .
When you are finished with the animation, click
on the Dissection button at the top of the screen
to begin the following exercises, or click on the
Exit button at the top right of the screen to exit
Anatomy & Physiology | Revealed .
HEADS UP!
Anatomy & Physiology | Revealed has several
animations available to aid your study of different
systems. Watch for the Animation button at the
bottom of the screen to be highlighted green,
which indicates that an animation is available for
the specific structure(s) you are viewing.

Skeleton (Regions)
Animation: Appositional
Bone Growth EXERCISE 3.3:
Return to the ANIMATION LIST, and select Skeleton, Anterior View
Appositional bone growth.
From the opening screen for the Skeletal
Click the Play button, and view the animation. System, or from the Skeletal System
After viewing the animation, answer the following Animations Screen, click the DISSECTION
questions: button on the menu at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Skeletal
under the Skeletal (Regions) heading.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

From the Select view menu, select Anterior. R. ___________________________________________

Click the flashing GO button. S. ___________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS T. ___________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
U. ___________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
A W. ___________________________________________
B C X. ___________________________________________
E F Y. ___________________________________________
DH G
K
L J I Z. ___________________________________________
M N AA. ___________________________________________
O P Q
R AB. ___________________________________________
S T
V U W X AC. ___________________________________________
Y
Z AD. ___________________________________________
AA AB AE. ___________________________________________
AC
AF. ___________________________________________

AE AD
AF AG
AH
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
AG. ___________________________________________
AH. ___________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Skeleton, Anterior View
1. Name the bones that make up the cranial
group. How many of each bone are in this
group?
2. Name the bones that make up the facial
group. How many of each bone are in this
group?
3. Name the bones that form the pelvic girdle.
4. Name the bones that form the wrist.
5. The vertebral column is composed of
__________ vertebrae. How many of each
group of vertebrae are there?
EXERCISE 3.4:
Skeleton, Posterior View

L. ____________________________________________ From the opening screen for the Skeleton

M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Skeleton,
if it is not already selected.
From the Select view menu, select Posterior.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click the flashing GO button. R. ____________________________________________

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS S. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
A V. ____________________________________________
B C W. ____________________________________________
D X. ____________________________________________
E
F
I Y. ____________________________________________
H G
J K Z. ____________________________________________
M L
N
Q O P CHECK POINT:
S R T
U Skeleton, Posterior View
V W 1. Name the group of bones that form the palm
of the hand. What structures form the knuck-
les?
X Y 2. Name the group of bones that form the foot.
How many are there?
3. Name the group of bones that form the fin-
Z gers. How many compose each finger?
4. Name the lateral bone of the forearm. Name
the medial bone of the forearm.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
5. What is another name for the tailbone?
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
EEXERCISE 3.5:
B. ____________________________________________
Locating Structures of the Head and Neck
C. ____________________________________________
There are 30 bones in the human adult head and
D. ____________________________________________ neck, which can present a daunting task when it
E. ____________________________________________ comes to learning each bone. With this in mind, the
following tables are designed to allow you to dis-
F. ____________________________________________ cover which bones are visible in each view of
G. ____________________________________________ Anatomy & Physiology | Revealed. These tables are
not meant to be tedious, but rather to help you
H. ____________________________________________ become more familiar with each bone.
I. ____________________________________________ On the left of the following tables are names of
structures found on the head and neck. The names
J. ____________________________________________ of specific bones are aligned to the left, and the
K. ____________________________________________ structures found on those bones are listed under
them indented to the right. Using the Anatomy &
L. ____________________________________________ Physiology | Revealed , open each dissection view
M. ____________________________________________ listed across the top right of the table and put an X
in the columns under the views where you find the
N. ____________________________________________ structures listed in the left column. Not all bones or
O. ____________________________________________ structures will be visible in all views.
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Table 3.3 Structures of the Head and NeckCranial Bones

Structures Dissection Views
Skull
Individual Inferior Mid- Cranial
Bone Anterior Skull Lateral sagittal Posterior Superior Cavity Orbit

Frontal bone

Frontal sinus

Supraorbital notch

Parietal bone

Occipital bone

External occipital
protuberance

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyle

Temporal bone

Carotid canal

External acoustic meatus

Internal acoustic meatus

Mastoid process

Squamous part of
temporal bone

Styloid process of
temporal bone

Zygomatic process of
temporal bone

Sphenoid bone

Body

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Greater wing

Sella turcica

Sphenoidal sinus

Ethmoid bone

Crista galli

Ethmoid air cells

Nasal conchamiddle

Nasal conchasuperior

Perpendicular plate of the

ethmoid bone

Bonus Question: What is the name for the bone shaped like a butterfly?

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Table 3.4 Structures of the Head and NeckFacial Bones

Structures Dissection Views
Skull
Individual Inferior Mid- Cranial
Bone Anterior Skull Lateral sagittal Posterior Superior Cavity Orbit

Maxilla

Alveolar process of maxilla

Infraorbital foramen

Palatine bone

Zygomatic bone

Temporal process of
zygomatic bone

Nasal bone

Vomer bone

Mandible

Alveolar process of
mandible

Angle of mandible

Body of mandible

Condylar process of mandible

Coronoid process of mandible

Mandibular foramen

Mental foramen

Ramus of mandible

Bonus Question: What is the anatomical term that refers to the chin area? How do you suppose it received
this name?
Table 3.5 Structures of the Head and NeckOther Skull Structures
Structures Dissection Views
Skull
Individual Inferior Mid- Cranial
Bone Anterior Skull Lateral sagittal Posterior Superior Cavity Orbit

Coronal suture

Cranial fossaanterior

Cranial fossamiddle

Cranial fossaposterior

Foramen lacerum

Hard palate

Hyoid bone

Jugular foramen

Lambda

Lambdoid suture

Nasal concha (inferior)

Pterion

Sagittal suture

Septal cartilage

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Articular disk of the TMJ

Zygomatic arch

Bonus Question: What is the name for the cheekbone?

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Table 3.6 Structures of the Head and NeckCervical Vertebrae

Structures Dissection Views
Skull
Individual Inferior Mid- Cranial
Bone Anterior Skull Lateral sagittal Posterior Superior Cavity Orbit

Atlas (C1 vertebra)

Axis (C2 vertebra)

Cervical vertebrae

Spinous process (cervical)

Transverse process (cervical)

Vertebral body (cervical)

Intervertebral disk

Bonus Question: Which bones are characterized by the presence of transverse foramina?

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

EXERCISE 3.6: information necessary to identify the following
structures:
Head and Neck, Anterior View
A. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the B. ____________________________________________
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
C. ____________________________________________
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. D. ____________________________________________
From the Select topic menu, select Head and E. ____________________________________________
neck.
F. ____________________________________________
From the Select view menu, select Anterior.
G. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
H. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
I. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
A
M. ____________________________________________
B C N. ____________________________________________
E D F
G H O. ____________________________________________
I
J P. ____________________________________________
K
Q. ____________________________________________
L R. ____________________________________________
M S. ____________________________________________
N
O P Q
R

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

A. ___________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
B. ___________________________________________
Head and Neck, Anterior View
C. ___________________________________________
1. Name the bones contributing to the orbit.
D. ___________________________________________
2. Name the bone known as the collar bone.
3. What structures are formed by the frontal E. ___________________________________________
bone?
F. ___________________________________________
4. Which is the shortest rib?
5. Name the superior part of the sternum. G. ___________________________________________
H. ___________________________________________
I. ___________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.7:
J. ___________________________________________
Head and Neck, Lateral View
K. ___________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the L. ___________________________________________
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the M. ___________________________________________
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. N. ___________________________________________

From the Select topic menu, select Head and O. ___________________________________________

neck, if it is not already selected.
From the Select view menu, select Lateral.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
P. ___________________________________________
Q. ___________________________________________
R. ___________________________________________
S. ___________________________________________
T. ___________________________________________
U. ___________________________________________

A V. ___________________________________________
B W. ___________________________________________
C
X. ___________________________________________
D
E Y. ___________________________________________
F L J G
H I Z. ___________________________________________
K
O N Q AA. ___________________________________________
R M
P AB. ___________________________________________
S U V T
AA AC. ___________________________________________
Z
AD X W Y AD. ___________________________________________
AC AE AB AE. ___________________________________________
AF. ___________________________________________
AF
AG AG. ___________________________________________
AH
AI AH. ___________________________________________
AI. ___________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-

CHECK POINT: mation necessary to identify the following structures:
Head and Neck, Lateral View A. ____________________________________________
1. Name the only bone in the body that does B. ____________________________________________
not articulate with any other bone.
C. ____________________________________________
2. Name the two bone processes that make up
the zygomatic arch. D. ____________________________________________
3. Name the sockets for the teeth.
E. ____________________________________________
4. Describe the pterion.
5. What structures of which bones form the F. ____________________________________________
temporomandibular joint?
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.8: I. ____________________________________________

Thorax, Anterior View J. ____________________________________________

From the opening screen for the Skeleton K. ____________________________________________

System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Thorax.
Anterior will be visible in the Select view
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Thorax, Anterior View

B A 1. Name the three parts of the sternum.

D C 2. Name a landmark for intramuscular injections.
E F 3. Name the structures that attach the ribs to
H G
I the sternum.
4. Name the two bones that form the gleno-
humeral joint.
J 5. Name the structure found between the bodies
K of all but two vertebrae. This structure is lack-
L
ing between which two vertebrae?
M

N
EXERCISE 3.9:
O
P Abdomen, Anterior View
Q
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Abdomen.
Anterior will be visible in the Select view menu.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click the flashing GO button. N. ____________________________________________

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS O. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
A R. ____________________________________________
B S. ____________________________________________
C T. ____________________________________________
E D
U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________
W. ____________________________________________
X. ____________________________________________
F
Y. ____________________________________________
G
I H
K L CHECK POINT:
J M
N Abdomen, Anterior View
O T P R Q
U V S 1. What process occurs to the pubic symphysis
W X Y during late pregnancy?
2. What Latin term means wing? Where is
a structure with this name located?
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the 3. Name a landmark for intramuscular injections.
information necessary to identify the following 4. What term refers to the hip joint socket?
structures: Which bones contribute to this structure?
5. Name the structure formed by five fused
A. ____________________________________________ vertebrae.
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.10:
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________ Back, Posterior View
F. ____________________________________________ From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
G. ____________________________________________ menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
H. ____________________________________________ DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
I. ____________________________________________
From the Select topic menu, select Back.
J. ____________________________________________
Posterior will be visible in the Select view
K. ____________________________________________ menu.
L. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.
M. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS S.____________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
T.____________________________________________
U.____________________________________________
A B V.____________________________________________
C
D E W.____________________________________________
G I H X.____________________________________________
F
J Y.____________________________________________
K
L M Z.____________________________________________
O
P N AA.____________________________________________

Q AB.____________________________________________

R CHECK POINT:
S
T Back, Posterior View
U
V 1. Name the large, triangular flat bone of the
W X superior back.
AB 2. Name the three coxal bones.
Z AA Y 3. Name the vertebrae of the lower back. How
many are there?
4. Which intervertebral discs most commonly
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the herniate?
information necessary to identify the following 5. Name the structure marked by a dimple on
structures: the lower back.
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
Skull and Associated Bones
C. ____________________________________________
Animation: The Skull
D. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeletal Sys-
E. ____________________________________________ tem, or, if you are in the DISSECTION section,
click the ANIMATIONS button at the top of the
F. ____________________________________________
screen.
G. ____________________________________________
From the Select animation menu, select
H. ____________________________________________ Skull.
I. ____________________________________________ Click the Play button, and view the animation.
J. ____________________________________________ After viewing the animation, answer these
questions:
K. ____________________________________________
1. The bones that surround and protect the brain
L. ____________________________________________
are referred to as the __________ bones.
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
2. The bones that form the underlying structure
O. ____________________________________________
of the face are referred to as the __________
P. ____________________________________________ bones.
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________

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3. With one exception, the bones of the skull
articulate with each other through joints
known as __________. The exception is the
__________.
4. There are numerous holes in the skull called
__________.
5. What are the functions of these holes?
EXERCISE 3.11:
Skull, Anterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, or, from the Skeletal System Anima-
tions Screen, click the DISSECTION button
on the menu at the top of the screen.
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC/
VIEW button to continue.
From the Select topic menu, select Skull under
the Skull and associated bones heading.
From the Select view menu, select Anterior.
Click the flashing GO button.
HEADS UP!
Many of the views we will see of the Skeletal
System will indicate the locations of muscle
attachments. These attachments are of two types
Origins and Insertions. Origins, as indicated by
red shading, are the relatively stationary or
immobile points of skeletal muscle attachment. The
Insertions, indicated by blue shading, are the
points where a muscle attaches to a bone and
produces movement. One way to remember the
distinction between the two is to consider your life.
Your Origin, or location of your birth, never
changes or moves as you go about your life. But,
your Insertion, where you are inserted on the earth
at this time may be different than your origin.
Thus, your Origin never moves, but when you
move, your Insertion moves to another location.
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
B A
C D E
F
I H G
J K
L
M
N
O
P
R Q
S
These are MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS, which
theoretically are not a part of the Skeletal
System. Your instructor may refer you back to
this part of the chapter when you study the
Muscular System.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

O. ____________________________________________ K. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________ L. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________ M. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________ N. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________ O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
A
B V. ____________________________________________
C
D
E
J CHECK POINT:
I F G H
Skull, Anterior View
M K L
O N 1. Name the structures transmitted through the
P
mental foramen.
Q 2. Name a feature of the skull that can be either
R a notch or a foramen.
S 3. What two bones contain teeth?
4. What is the name for the sockets of the
U T teeth? (You may have to revisit this chapter
V to answer this one)
5. The nasal septum consists of what specific
bones or structures of bones?
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
EXERCISE 3.12:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________ Skull, Superior View
C. ____________________________________________ From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
D. ____________________________________________ menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
E. ____________________________________________ DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
F. ____________________________________________
From the Select topic menu, select Skull, if it
G. ____________________________________________ is not already selected.
H. ____________________________________________ From the Select view menu, select Superior.
I. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.
J. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image: EXERCISE 3.13:

Skull, Lateral View

From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
A menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
B DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Skull, if it
is not already selected.

C From the Select view menu, select Lateral.

D Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

F E
G

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor- A

mation necessary to identify the following structures: B C
A. ____________________________________________ D
L H F E
B. ____________________________________________ I G
TK
P S
C. ____________________________________________
U O M J N
D. ____________________________________________ Q V R
E. ____________________________________________
W Z
X
F. ____________________________________________
AA
Y
G. ____________________________________________

CHECK POINT: Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
Skull, Superior View
A. ____________________________________________
1. Name the joint between the parietal bones.
2. Name the joint between the frontal and the B. ____________________________________________
parietal bones. C. ____________________________________________
3. Name the bone type found in or near the
sutures of the skull. D. ____________________________________________
4. Where are these bones most often found? E. ____________________________________________
5. Name the skull bone that articulates with the
vertebral column. F. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

G.____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-

mation necessary to identify the following structures:
H.____________________________________________
A. ___________________________________________
I.____________________________________________
B. ___________________________________________
J.____________________________________________
C. ___________________________________________
K.____________________________________________
D. ___________________________________________
L.____________________________________________
E. ___________________________________________
M.____________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________
N.____________________________________________
G. ___________________________________________
O.____________________________________________
H. ___________________________________________
P.____________________________________________
I. ___________________________________________
Q.____________________________________________
J. ___________________________________________
R.____________________________________________
K. ___________________________________________
S.____________________________________________
L. ___________________________________________
T.____________________________________________
M. ___________________________________________
U.____________________________________________
N. ___________________________________________
V.____________________________________________
O. ___________________________________________
W.____________________________________________
P. ___________________________________________
X.____________________________________________
Q. ___________________________________________
Y.____________________________________________
R. ___________________________________________
Z.____________________________________________
S. ___________________________________________
AA.____________________________________________
T. ___________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: U. ___________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
W. ___________________________________________
X. ___________________________________________
Y. ___________________________________________
A Z. ___________________________________________
C B
AA. ___________________________________________
D
E F H AB. ___________________________________________
I G J AC. ___________________________________________
N M P O L
K AD. ___________________________________________
V U R Z
T
X Y W Q S AE. ___________________________________________
AA
AB AF. ___________________________________________
AC AD AF AE AG. ___________________________________________
AG AH. ___________________________________________
AH AI
AI. ___________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-

CHECK POINT: mation necessary to identify the following structures:
Skull, Lateral View A. ____________________________________________
1. Name the specific bony structures that form B. ____________________________________________
the temporomandibular joint.
C. ____________________________________________
2. What two bones make up most of the lateral
skull (one on each side)? D. ____________________________________________
3. What suture is their point of articulation?
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.14:
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
Skull, Posterior View window, and you will see the following image:
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. A
From the Select topic menu, select Skull, if it B
is not already selected.
From the Select view menu, select Posterior. C D
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: E
G F

H
I

A Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-

mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B
B. ____________________________________________
C
D E C. ____________________________________________
F
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

CHECK POINT:
Skull, Posterior View
1. What suture forms the joint between the
parietal and occipital bones?
2. What bone forms most of the posterior skull?
3. What is the attachment site for the nuchal
ligament on the skull?
EXERCISE 3.15:
Skull, Mid-sagittal View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________

From the Select topic menu, select Skull, if it L. ____________________________________________

is not already selected.
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
From the Select view menu, select
window, and you will see the following image:
Mid-sagittal.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

A B
C
D
G E F
I L J H
K P O
R M
S N V
W AA
Q U X Y T
AE Z AD AG AB AC
AF
AI
A AJ AH AK
D B AM AL AN
C E F AO
G
H
I
J
L Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
K mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________

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bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 69
E. ___________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________
G. ___________________________________________
H. ___________________________________________
I. ___________________________________________
J. ___________________________________________
K. ___________________________________________
L. ___________________________________________
M. ___________________________________________
N. ___________________________________________
O. ___________________________________________
P. ___________________________________________
Q. ___________________________________________
R. ___________________________________________
S. ___________________________________________
T. ___________________________________________
U. ___________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
W. ___________________________________________
X. ___________________________________________
Y. ___________________________________________
Z. ___________________________________________
AA. ___________________________________________
AB. ___________________________________________
AC. ___________________________________________
AD. ___________________________________________
AE. ___________________________________________
AF. ___________________________________________
AG. ___________________________________________
AH. ___________________________________________
AI. ___________________________________________
AJ. ___________________________________________
AK. ___________________________________________
AL. ___________________________________________
AM. ___________________________________________
AN. ___________________________________________
AO. ___________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
CHECK POINT:
Skull, Mid-sagittal View
1. When your dentist wants to numb your
lower jaw by anesthetizing the nerves that
serve the teeth and skin, what hole in what
bone would be used to access those nerves?
2. Name the paranasal sinuses.
3. Name the structure that increases the surface
area of the nasal cavity and plays an impor-
tant role in warming inhaled air.
4. Name the structure that contains the sublin-
gual salivary gland.
5. Name the muscles that attach to the styloid
process of the temporal bone.
EXERCISE 3.16:
Skull, Inferior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Skull, if it
is not already selected.
From the Select view menu, select Inferior.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
B
C
D
G E
H I
F
K
J L
N M
O P
Q
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor- A. ___________________________________________

mation necessary to identify the following structures:
B. ___________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
C. ___________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
D. ___________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
E. ___________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
G. ___________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
H. ___________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
I. ___________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
J. ___________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
K. ___________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
L. ___________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
M. ___________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
N. ___________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
O. ___________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
P. ___________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
Q. ___________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
R. ___________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
S. ___________________________________________

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS T. ___________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image: U. ___________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
W. ___________________________________________
A X. ___________________________________________
B
Y. ___________________________________________
I
C Z. ___________________________________________
D E
I H G AA. ___________________________________________
L K F M
PJ U N AB. ___________________________________________
R
Y O Q W AC. ___________________________________________
Z V AA X S T AD. ___________________________________________

AB
CHECK POINT:
AC
AD Skull, Inferior View

1. The zygomatic arch is made up of what two

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
specific structures of what two bones?
2. What is the name for the large foramen on
the inferior side of the occipital bone?
3. Name the irregular-shaped opening formed by
the sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

EXERCISE 3.17:
SkullCranial Cavity, Superior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
E. ___________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________
G. ___________________________________________
H. ___________________________________________
I. ___________________________________________
J. ___________________________________________

From the Select topic menu, select K. ___________________________________________

Skull-cranial cavity under the Skull and
associated bones heading.
Superior will be visible in the Select
view menu.
L. ___________________________________________
M. ___________________________________________
N. ___________________________________________

Click the flashing GO button. O. ___________________________________________

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS P. ___________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image: Q. ___________________________________________
R. ___________________________________________
S. ___________________________________________
A
T. ___________________________________________
B
C U. ___________________________________________
D
E V. ___________________________________________
FG
K H W. ___________________________________________
J L I
U O N M X. ___________________________________________
T Q
W P AB
V R Z Y. ___________________________________________
S
X AE Z. ___________________________________________
Y AA
AD AF AC
AG AA. ___________________________________________
AB. ___________________________________________
AI AH
AJ AC. ___________________________________________
AK
AL
AM AD. ___________________________________________
AE. ___________________________________________
AF. ___________________________________________

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the AG. ___________________________________________

information necessary to identify the following AH. ___________________________________________
structures:
AI. ___________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
AJ. ___________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
AK. ___________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
AL. ___________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
AM. ___________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

CHECK POINT: information necessary to identify the following
SkullCranial Cavity, Superior View structures:
A. ____________________________________________
1. Describe the cribriform plate.
2. Name the structures that traverse through the B. ____________________________________________
jugular foramen.
C. ____________________________________________
3. Name the structure that passes through the
foramen ovale. D. ____________________________________________
4. Name the structure contained in the
E. ____________________________________________
hypophyseal fossa.
5. What structure is transmitted by the foramen F. ____________________________________________
rotundum?
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.18:
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
Orbit window, and you will see the following image:
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE A
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Orbit. B
Anterolateral will be visible in the Select C F
view menu. D E
G H
Click the flashing GO button.
J I
K
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS L M
P R O Q
window, and you will see the following image:
N S
U
V T
W

A
C B
D Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
E
F mation necessary to identify the following structures:
G H A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

H. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.

I. ____________________________________________ Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________ A
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________ B
S. ____________________________________________ D C
T. ____________________________________________ E
U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________ F G
W. ____________________________________________
X. ____________________________________________

CHECK POINT: Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

Orbit
1. Name the seven bones that constitute the
orbit.
2. Name the structure that transmits the optic
nerve (CN II) and the ophthalmic artery.
3. Name the nerves and blood vessels transmit-
ted by the superior orbital fissure.
4. Name the nerves and blood vessels transmit-
ted by the inferior orbital fissure.
5. Name the nerves and blood vessels transmit-
ted by the anterior ethmoidal foramen.
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 3.19: CHECK POINT:

Ethmoid Bone Ethmoid Bone

From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Ethmoid
bone.
Superior and posterior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
1. Name the characteristic features of the
ethmoid bone.
2. Describe the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
bone.
3. Name the structure that forms the superior
part of the nasal septum.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
EXERCISE 3.20:
Frontal Bone
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Frontal
bone.
Anterior will be visible in the Select view
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
C B
D
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
74
CHECK POINT:
Frontal Bone
1. Name the structures that traverse the supraor-
bital notch.
2. Describe the supraorbital margin.
3. Name the sutures associated with the frontal
bone. What bones does the frontal bone
articulate with for each suture?
EXERCISE 3.21:
Mandible
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Mandible.
Lateral will be visible in the Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
C B
D E
F
G
I J H
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
information necessary to identify the following window, and you will see the following image:
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________ A
E. ____________________________________________
B
F. ____________________________________________ C
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________ D
I. ____________________________________________
E
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
G F

CHECK POINT:
Mandible

1. Name the bone structures that constitute the

temporomandibular joint.
2. What structure is also known as the
mandibular incisure?
EXERCISE 3.22:
Maxilla
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are
in the DISSECTION section, click the
CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of
the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Maxilla.
Medial and lateral will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Maxilla
1. Name a structure of the maxilla bone that
contributes to voice resonance.
2. Name the function of the incisive canal.
3. Name the structure that forms the anterior
three-quarters of the hard palate.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

H. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.23:
I. ____________________________________________
Occipital Bone
J. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the CHECK POINT:
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. Occipital Bone

From the Select topic menu, select Occipital
bone.
Superior and inferior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
1. Name the structures that pass through the
foramen magnum.
2. What is the function of the occipital condyles?
3. What structures are contained within the
cerebellar fossa?
EXERCISE 3.24:

Parietal Bone
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
A System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
B From the Select topic menu, select Parietal
D bone.
Lateral will be visible in the Select view menu.
E C Click the flashing GO button.
There are no TAGS for this bone, but be sure to
F G read the information in the STRUCTURE
H INFORMATION window.
I
J

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

C. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
D. ____________________________________________
Parietal Bone
E. ____________________________________________
1. Name the bones that articulate with the pari-
F. ____________________________________________
etal bone.
2. Name the sutures involved with each articu- G. ____________________________________________
lation listed in question 1.
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.25: J. ____________________________________________

Sphenoid Bone K. ____________________________________________

From the opening screen for the Skeleton L. ____________________________________________

System, click the DISSECTION button on the M. ____________________________________________
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE N. ____________________________________________
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. O. ____________________________________________
From the Select topic menu, select Sphenoid P. ____________________________________________
bone.
Q. ____________________________________________
Superior and posterior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button. CHECK POINT:
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS Sphenoid Bone
window, and you will see the following image:
1. What structure is contained in the sella
turcica?
2. Name the two structures transmitted through
the optic canal.
3. Name the paired lateral projections of the
sphenoid bone.
A C B
E D
EXERCISE 3.26:
G F
I H Temporal Bone
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are
J in the DISSECTION section, click the
K CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top
L of the screen.
M N
P O From the Select topic menu, select Temporal
Q
bone.
Medial and lateral will be visible in the
Select view menu.

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor- Click the flashing GO button.
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS

EXERCISE 3.27:
window, and you will see the following image:
Teeth
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in
the DISSECTION section, click the
A CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of
the screen.
B
C D From the Select topic menu, select Teeth.
E F Superior and inferior will be visible in the
G Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
H
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
I J

K B A
C D
E
F G
I H J
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
K M L
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
P Q N O
A. ____________________________________________ R
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
S
D. ____________________________________________
T
E. ____________________________________________ V U
F. ____________________________________________ W
AA X
G. ____________________________________________ Y
Z AB
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
K. ____________________________________________
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
B. ____________________________________________
Temporal Bone
C. ____________________________________________
1. Name the bony canal that ends at the D. ____________________________________________
tympanic membrane.
2. Name the bony canal traversed by the facial E. ____________________________________________
and vestibulocochlear nerves. F. ____________________________________________
3. Name the bony structure containing the
organs of hearing and equilibrium.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

G.____________________________________________ From the Select topic menu, select Hyoid

bone.
H.____________________________________________
Anterior and lateral will be visible in the
I.____________________________________________
Select view menu.
J.____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
K.____________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
L.____________________________________________ window, and you will see the following
image:
M.____________________________________________
N.____________________________________________
O.____________________________________________
P.____________________________________________
Q.____________________________________________
R.____________________________________________
A
S.____________________________________________
T.____________________________________________
U.____________________________________________
V.____________________________________________
W.____________________________________________ B
X.____________________________________________ D C
F E
Y.____________________________________________ G
H
Z.____________________________________________
AA.____________________________________________
AB.____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
CHECK POINT:
structures:
Teeth
A. ____________________________________________
1. What four teeth are also known as wisdom B. ____________________________________________
teeth?
2. What structures are transmitted through the C. ____________________________________________
lesser palatine foramen? D. ____________________________________________
3. What structures are transmitted through the
greater palatine foramen? E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.28:
H. ____________________________________________
Hyoid Bone
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC
button.
From the Select topic menu select Head and
neck.
Click the flashing GO button.
From the Select view menu in the IMAGE
TYPE/VIEW panel select Anteriorposterior.

A Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will

see the following image:

A
B
C
B
C
D
D E
F

H G
I
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the J K
information necessary to identify the following
L
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
CHECK POINT: structures:

Hyoid Bone A. ____________________________________________

B. ____________________________________________
1. Name the function of the greater horn of the
hyoid bone. C. ____________________________________________
2. Name the function of the lesser horn of the
D. ____________________________________________
hyoid bone.
3. What muscles attach to the body of the E. ____________________________________________
hyoid bone?
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.29: H. ____________________________________________

ImagingHead and Neck I. ____________________________________________

From the opening screen for the Skeletal J. ____________________________________________

System, or, if you are in the DISSECTION K. ____________________________________________
section, click the IMAGING button at the top of
the screen.

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bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 81
Non-Skeletal System Structure (blue pin)
L. ____________________________________________
Click the Select view menu drop-down box in
the IMAGE TYPE/VIEW panel.
From the Select view menu, select Lateral.
Click the TURN TAGS ON button and you will
see the following image:
A
B to identify.
C D
E select ALL.
F G
H I
J
K From the Select number of questions menu,
M L
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
Self Test
Take this opportunity to quiz yourself by taking the
SELF TEST.
From the opening screen for the Skeletal Sys-
tem, or, if you are in the DISSECTION section,
click the SELF TEST button at the top of the
screen.
From the Select test topic menu, select
Skeleton.
From the Select region menu, select Skull
and associated bones.
From the Select test type menu, select Click
From the Select number of questions menu,
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select test type menu, select
Multiple choice.
select ALL.
Return to the Select test topic menu, and select
Animation.
Click OK on the pop-up box.
From the Select animation menu, select
Skull.
Multiple choice is visible in the Select test
type menu.
ALL is visible in the Select number of ques-
tions menu.
Complete the SELF TEST and save your results.
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

EXERCISE 3.30:

Coloring Exercise
Look up the bones of the skull and then color names of important bones or bone features in the
them in with colored pens or pencils. Write the blank label lines.

S 1

R L

I
2 2
18
5 5
1 1 19
4 4
5 5
8 9 9 8
20
13 6 13
21
15
11 11
14
7 7

16

22

17
12

28
A P
1 2
I

29
23
5 4
3
9

30 25
13
7 24

26

27
31
12
32

33

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

39
34
13 7 7
7 7
35
40
13
2
36 10 10
41
5
2 5
5 14
5 4
37
42
50

26
4

A 43

R L
2
P
3
2

44 19
2
45
4

46
5 1

38
5
6

47

5 48
3
5 1
L 49

P A 4

2
R
Horizontal
section

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
1.__________________________________________
2.__________________________________________
3.__________________________________________
4.__________________________________________
5.__________________________________________
6.__________________________________________
7.__________________________________________
8.__________________________________________
9.__________________________________________
10.__________________________________________
11.__________________________________________
12.__________________________________________
13.__________________________________________
14.__________________________________________
15.__________________________________________
16.__________________________________________
17.__________________________________________
18.__________________________________________
19.__________________________________________
20.__________________________________________
21.__________________________________________
22.__________________________________________
23.__________________________________________
24.__________________________________________
25.__________________________________________
I N R E V I E W
What Have I Learned?
T
he following questions cover the material that you
just read, the introduction to the skeleton and the
skeletal structures of the head and neck. Apply
what you have learned in answering these questions:
1. The hard palate consists of which bones?
2. What is the name for the large foramen on the
inferior side of the occipital bone?
84
26.__________________________________________
27.__________________________________________
28.__________________________________________
29.__________________________________________
30.__________________________________________
31.__________________________________________
32.__________________________________________
33.__________________________________________
34.__________________________________________
35.__________________________________________
36.__________________________________________
37.__________________________________________
38.__________________________________________
39.__________________________________________
40.__________________________________________
41.__________________________________________
42.__________________________________________
43.__________________________________________
44.__________________________________________
45.__________________________________________
46.__________________________________________
47.__________________________________________
48.__________________________________________
49.__________________________________________
50.__________________________________________
3. What passes through this foramen?
4. Name the two bones that form the bridge of the
nose.
5. At the junction of the temporal and occipital
bones, the internal jugular vein passes through
which foramen?
Continued
bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 85

CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

6. The greater and lesser wings are parts of what 10. What bony landmark is defined as a pit or
bone? socket?

7. Name the bony canal of the external ear. What 11. What bony landmark is defined as a hole
bone is it a part of? through a bone, usually round?

8. What is the attachment site for the sternocleido- 12. What bony landmark is defined as a smooth,
mastoid muscle on the skull? rounded knob?

9. What bony landmark is defined as any bony

prominence?

Thoracic Cage and Vertebral Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image:
Column

EXERCISE 3.31:

Thoracic Cage B A
C
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
IMAGING section, click the DISSECTION E D F
button at the top of the screen. G
H
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC/
VIEW button to continue.
I
From the Select topic menu, select Thoracic
cage under the Thoracic cage and verte-
bral column heading.
J
Anterior will be visible in the Select view K
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________

A
B
C CHECK POINT:
D
Thoracic Cage
E
F 1. Describe the thoracic cage.
G H I 2. Define a true rib. How many are there?
J 3. Define a false rib. How many are there?
K 4. Define a floating rib. How many are there?
L M
N
EXERCISE 3.32:

O ImagingThorax
P
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
From the opening screen for the Skeletal
System, or, if you are in the DISSECTION
section, click the IMAGING button at the top of
the screen.
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC
button.
From the Select topic menu select Thorax.

A. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.

B. ____________________________________________ Posterior-anterior will be visible in the

IMAGE TYPE/VIEW panel select.
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________

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bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 87
Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the following image:
A
B
D
C
Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structure (blue pin)
D. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.33:
Vertebral Column
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
IMAGING section, click the DISSECTION
button at the top of the screen.
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC/
VIEW button to continue.
From the Select topic menu, select Vertebral
column.
Anterior, posterior, and lateral will be
visible in the Select view menu.
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
B A
C
D E
F G
H I
J
K
L
M
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image: CHECK POINT:
Vertebral Column

1. Name the different groups of vertebrae. How

C many of each in a typical skeleton?
D
F E 2. What structure passes through each interver-
G tebral foramen?
3. Which vertebra has a dens?
4. Which vertebra has no vertebral body?

A
H I
J EXERCISE 3.34:
K L Cervical Vertebra
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
M N menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
B O TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
P S
Q From the Select topic menu, select Cervical
R vertebra.
Superior and lateral will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
Click the flashing GO button.
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
A. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________ A
F. ____________________________________________
B
G. ____________________________________________ C
H. ____________________________________________ E D
I. ____________________________________________ H F G
J. ____________________________________________ I
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________ J
N. ____________________________________________ K
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________

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bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 89
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Cervical Vertebra
1. Name a characteristic unique to the trans-
verse processes of the cervical vertebrae.
2. What structure passes through this opening
in C1-C6?
3. What is unique about the spinous process of
most cervical vertebrae?
4. Which vertebra does not have a spinous
process?
EXERCISE 3.35:
Atlas (C1 Vertebra)
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are
in the DISSECTION section, click the
CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top
of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Atlas
(C1 vertebra).
Superior will be visible in the Select view
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
B
D E C
F
G
H
I
J
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Atlas (C1 Vertebra)
1. What is the most posterior structure of the
Atlas (C1 vertebra)?
2. What is its function?
3. What structure is lacking on the atlas and
coccygeal vertebrae that is present on all
other vertebrae?
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

H. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.36:
I. ____________________________________________
Axis (C2 Vertebra)
J. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the K. ____________________________________________
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. CHECK POINT:
From the Select topic menu, select Axis Axis (C2 Vertebra)
(C2 vertebra).
1. Name a structure unique to the axis.
Posterosuperior will be visible in the Select 2. What is another name for this structure?
view menu. 3. What does this structure represent?
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: EXERCISE 3.37:

Thoracic Vertebra
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
A TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Thoracic
B
vertebra.
C
E D Superior and lateral will be visible in the
F Select view menu.
G Click the flashing GO button.
H Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
I J window, and you will see the following image:

A
B C
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the D F E
information necessary to identify the following G
structures:
H
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
I
D. ____________________________________________ J K
E. ____________________________________________ L
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
information necessary to identify the following window, and you will see the following image:
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
A
C. ____________________________________________
D C B
D. ____________________________________________
F E
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________ G
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
H
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
I

CHECK POINT:
Thoracic Vertebra
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
1. List the characteristic features of thoracic information necessary to identify the following
vertebrae. structures:
2. How many thoracic vertebrae do you have?
3. Where are they located? A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.38:
D. ____________________________________________
Lumbar Vertebra
E. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
F. ____________________________________________
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are G. ____________________________________________
in the DISSECTION section, click the
H. ____________________________________________
CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top
of the screen. I. ____________________________________________
From the Select topic menu, select Lumbar
vertebra.
CHECK POINT:
Superior and lateral will be visible in the
Select view menu. Lumbar Vertebra

Click the flashing GO button. 1. List the characteristic features of lumbar

vertebrae.
2. How many lumbar vertebrae do you have?
3. Where are they located?

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS

EXERCISE 3.39:
window, and you will see the following image:
Sacrum and Coccyx
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the A
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Sacrum B
and coccyx. C D
I
Anterior and posterior will be visible in the J
Select view menu. E
K F
Click the flashing GO button.
H
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS L G
window, and you will see the following image:

B A
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
D
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C
E C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the I. ____________________________________________
information necessary to identify the following
J. ____________________________________________
structures:
K. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

From the Select region menu, select Thoracic

CHECK POINT: cage.
Sacrum and Coccyx From the Select test type menu, select Click
to identify.
1. Name the landmark for establishing female
pelvic dimensions. From the Select number of questions menu,
2. Name the route for injection in caudal epi- select ALL.
dermal anesthesia.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
3. Describe the coccyx.
results, click the Select test type menu, select
Multiple choice.
Self Test From the Select number of questions menu,
Take this opportunity to quiz yourself by taking the select ALL.
SELF TEST.
Return to the Select region menu, and take the
From the opening screen for the Skeletal System,
SELF TEST for Vertebral column and
or, if you are in the DISSECTION section, click the Au: change to
Axial skeleton. appendicular?
SELF TEST button at the top of the screen.
Complete each SELF TEST and save your results.
From the Select test topic menu, select
Skeleton.

I N R E V I E W
What Have I Learned? 7. Which vertebra has a dens?

T
he following questions cover the material that
you just read, the thoracic cage and vertebral col-
umn. Apply what you have learned in answering 8. Which vertebra has no vertebral body?
these questions:
1. Describe the thoracic cage.

9. Name a characteristic unique to the transverse

processes of the cervical vertebrae.
2. Define a true rib. How many are there?

10. What structure passes through this opening in

3. Define a false rib. How many are there? C1-C6?

4. Define a floating rib. How many are there? 11. What is unique about the spinous process of
most cervical vertebrae?

5. Name the different groups of vertebrae. How

many of each in a typical skeleton? 12. Which vertebra does not have a spinous
process?

6. What structure passes through each interverte-

bral foramen?

Continued
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Continued

13. What is the most posterior structure of the Atlas 21. Where are they located?
(C1 vertebra)?

22. List the characteristic features of lumbar

14. What is its function? vertebrae.

15. What structure is lacking on the atlas and 23. How many lumbar vertebrae do you have?
coccygeal vertebrae that is present on all other
vertebrae?

24. Where are they located?

16. Name a structure unique to the axis.

25. Name the landmark for establishing female

pelvic dimensions.
17. What is another name for this structure?

26. Name the route for injection in caudal epidermal

18. What does this structure represent? anesthesia.

19. List the characteristic features of thoracic 27. Describe the coccyx.
vertebrae.

20. How many thoracic vertebrae do you have?

Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb From the Select topic menu, select Shoulder
and arm under the Pectoral girdle and
upper limb heading.
EXERCISE 3.40: From the Select view menu select Anterior.
Shoulder and Arm, Anterior View Click the flashing GO button.
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are
in the DISSECTION section, click the
CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top
of the screen.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS T. ___________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
U. ___________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
A B W. ___________________________________________
E
F C X. ___________________________________________
D G
I
H J Y. ___________________________________________
L K N
M Z. ___________________________________________
AA. ___________________________________________
O
AB. ___________________________________________
P
R Q AC. ___________________________________________
S AD. ___________________________________________
T

EXERCISE 3.41:
U
W V Shoulder and Arm, Posterior View
Y X From the opening screen for the Skeleton
Z AB AA System, click the DISSECTION button on the
AC AD menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures: From the Select topic menu, select Shoulder
and arm, if it is not already selected.
A. ____________________________________________
From the Select view menu select Posterior.
B. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
C. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
D. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________ A
H. ____________________________________________ B
C
F D
I. ____________________________________________ E
H G
J. ____________________________________________ I
K. ____________________________________________
K J
L M
L. ____________________________________________
N O
M. ____________________________________________
Q P
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________ R
R. ____________________________________________
T S
S. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the From the Select topic menu select Shoulder
information necessary to identify the following and arm.
structures:
Click the flashing GO button.
A. ____________________________________________
Anterior-posterior will be visible in the
B. ____________________________________________ IMAGE TYPE/VIEW panel select.
C. ____________________________________________ Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the following image:
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
A
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________ B
E C D F
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________ G
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
CHECK POINT:
A. ____________________________________________
Shoulder and Arm
B. ____________________________________________
1. Which bony structures form the gleno- C. ____________________________________________
humeral joint?
2. How many ribs do you have? D. ____________________________________________
3. Both true and false ribs articulate with ______. E. ____________________________________________
4. Name the characteristic features of the
scapula. F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 3.42:
ImagingShoulder and Arm
From the opening screen for the Skeletal Sys-
tem, or, if you are in the DISSECTION section,
click the IMAGING button at the top of the screen.
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC
button.
EXERCISE 3.43:
Clavicle
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
IMAGING section, click the DISSECTION
button at the top of the screen.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC/ Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
VIEW button to continue. window, and you will see the following image:
From the Select topic menu, select Clavicle.
Superior and inferior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

B A
C

A D
C B
D

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

E information necessary to identify the following
F structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the D. ____________________________________________
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________ CHECK POINT:

B. ____________________________________________ Clavicle

C. ____________________________________________ 1. The medial end of the clavicle articulates . . . .

D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
2. The lateral end of the clavicle articulates . . . .
3. Another name for the clavicle is . . . .
EXERCISE 3.44:

Scapula
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

From the Select topic menu, select Scapula. P. ____________________________________________

Anterior, posterior, and lateral will be vis-
ible in the Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

A B
A D C
C B
E

G
E K I F
F H O N
L
J I
M J
G K P
H N L
O
P
Q
R M

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor- Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures: mation necessary to identify the following structures:

A. ____________________________________________ A. ____________________________________________

B. ____________________________________________ B. ____________________________________________

C. ____________________________________________ C. ____________________________________________

D. ____________________________________________ D. ____________________________________________

E. ____________________________________________ E. ____________________________________________

F. ____________________________________________ F. ____________________________________________

G. ____________________________________________ G. ____________________________________________

H. ____________________________________________ H. ____________________________________________

I. ____________________________________________ I. ____________________________________________

J. ____________________________________________ J. ____________________________________________

K. ____________________________________________ K. ____________________________________________

L. ____________________________________________ L. ____________________________________________

M. ____________________________________________ M. ____________________________________________

N. ____________________________________________ N. ____________________________________________

O. ____________________________________________ O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
98
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CHECK POINT:
Scapula
1. Name a landmark for intramuscular injections.
2. Name another visible subcutaneous landmark.
EXERCISE 3.45:
Humerus
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Humerus.
Anterior and posterior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A B
M
N C
D C
E O
F P
G
H Q
I I
J K
K L R L
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A M
B N
D
E
F
G O
H P
J
Q R
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Humerus
1. How many necks are on the proximal end of
the humerus? Where are they located?
2. Which neck is a common site for fractures?
3. Why is your elbow referred to as your funny
bone?
EXERCISE 3.46:
Forearm and Hand, Anterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Forearm
and hand.
From the Select view menu, select Anterior.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
100
A
D
C B
F
E
G
I H
J K
L
P M
N
O
R Q
S
U
W V
X Y T
AB AA
AC Z
AD
AE AF
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

V. ___________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-

mation necessary to identify the following structures:
W. ___________________________________________
A.____________________________________________
X. ___________________________________________
B.____________________________________________
Y. ___________________________________________
C.____________________________________________
Z. ___________________________________________
D.____________________________________________
AA. ___________________________________________
E.____________________________________________
AB. ___________________________________________
F.____________________________________________
AC. ___________________________________________
G.____________________________________________
AD. ___________________________________________
H.____________________________________________
AE. ___________________________________________
I.____________________________________________
AF. ___________________________________________
J.____________________________________________
K.____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.47:
L.____________________________________________
Forearm and Hand, Posterior View
M.____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the N.____________________________________________
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the O.____________________________________________
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. P.____________________________________________

From the Select topic menu, select Forearm Q.____________________________________________

and hand, if it is not already selected. R.____________________________________________
From the Select view menu select Posterior. S.____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button. T.____________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS U.____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
V.____________________________________________
W.____________________________________________
A X.____________________________________________

C B Y.____________________________________________
Z.____________________________________________
D
AA.____________________________________________
AB.____________________________________________
E F
G CHECK POINT:
H
NI Forearm and Hand
J L K
P M 1. List the proximal carpal bones from lateral to
O
Q R S medial.
U T 2. List the distal carpal bones from lateral to medial.
V W 3. List the phalanges of fingers II through V
Y X from proximal to distal.
Z 4. List the phalanges of finger I from proximal
AA
AB to distal.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
EXERCISE 3.48:
Radius and Ulna
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Radius
and ulna.
Anterior and posterior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
L
A B
N D
C O
D
E P
F R
G I
H
T
I
J
K
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
102
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
M B
C
E F
G
Q
H
S
J
K
L
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

I. ____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Radius and Ulna
1. Describe the interosseous membrane of the
forearm.
2. What structure holds the radio-ulnar joint in
place?
3. Name the distal pointed projection of the
radius. Of the ulna?
EXERCISE 3.49:
Wrist and Hand, Anterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Wrist and
hand
From the Select view menu, select Anterior.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window and you will see the following image:
A B
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________
W. ____________________________________________
X. ____________________________________________

C F EXERCISE 3.50:
H D
E Wrist and Hand, Posterior View
I G
K From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
O L J M tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
N menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
P Q
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
T S R TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Wrist and
U V hand, if it is not already selected.
From the Select view menu select Posterior.
W Click the flashing GO button.
X

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS S. ____________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________

A EXERCISE 3.51:
B
Wrist and Hand, Anterior
D and Posterior View
C
E F From the opening screen for the Skeleton
H G
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
J I K L menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
N M DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
P O Q
From the Select topic menu, select Wrist and
hand, if it is not already selected.
R
S From the Select view menu, select Anterior
and posterior.
T Click the flashing GO button.
U Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________ T V U
B. ____________________________________________ W
A C ED X
C. ____________________________________________ B
H F Y Z
D. ____________________________________________
G AA
M I
AB
E. ____________________________________________ K L J
N O AD
F. ____________________________________________ AC AE
G. ____________________________________________ Q P
AF
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
R
J. ____________________________________________
S
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
O. ____________________________________________ structures:
P. ____________________________________________ A. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________ B. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

C. ___________________________________________
D. ___________________________________________ P
E. ___________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________ B A C
Q
G. ___________________________________________ F D
G E
H. ___________________________________________
J H I
I. ___________________________________________ K
M R
J. ___________________________________________ L
N
K. ___________________________________________ S
L. ___________________________________________ O T
M. ___________________________________________
N. ___________________________________________
O. ___________________________________________
P. ___________________________________________
Q. ___________________________________________
R. ___________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
S. ___________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
T. ___________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
U. ___________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
W. ___________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
X. ___________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
Y. ___________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
Z. ___________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
AA. ___________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
AB. ___________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
AC. ___________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
AD. ___________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
AE. ___________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
AF. ___________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS O. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

CHECK POINT: information necessary to identify the following
Wrist and Hand structures:
A. ____________________________________________
1. Name the lateral bone of the forearm.
2. Name the medial bone of the forearm. B. ____________________________________________
3. How are the fingers numbered?
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.52: E. ____________________________________________

ImagingWrist and Hand F. ____________________________________________

From the opening screen for the Skeletal Sys- G. ____________________________________________

tem, or, if you are in the DISSECTION section,
click the IMAGING button at the top of the Click the Select view menu drop-down box in
screen. the IMAGE TYPE/VIEW panel.
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC From the Select view menu, select Posterior-
button. anterior.
From the Select topic menu select Wrist and Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
hand. see the following image:
Click the flashing GO button.
From the Select view menu in the IMAGE
TYPE/VIEW panel select Anterior- A
posterior.
B
Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the following image:
C D

E
F G I
H
J
A M L
B K O
N
P
Q
C D

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
E
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
G F
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

E. ____________________________________________ click the SELF TEST button at the top of the

F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
screen.
From the Select test topic menu, select
Skeleton.
From the Select region menu, select Upper
limb.
From the Select test type menu, select Click
to identify.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select test type menu, select
Multiple choice.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
Complete the SELF TEST, and save your results.

Self Test
Take this opportunity to quiz yourself by taking the
SELF TEST.
From the opening screen for the Skeletal Sys-
tem, or, if you are in the DISSECTION section,

I N R E V I E W
What Have I Learned? 5. Name another visible subcutaneous landmark of
the scapula.

T
he following questions cover the material that
you just learned: the pectoral girdle and upper
limb. Apply what you have learned in answering
these questions: 6. How many necks are on the proximal end of the
1. Which bony structures form the glenohumeral humerus? Where are they located?
joint?

7. Which neck is a common site for fractures?

2. Name the characteristic features of the scapula.

8. Why is your elbow referred to as your funny

3. The lateral end of the clavicle articulates ______. bone?

4. Name a landmark of the scapula for intramuscu-

lar injections.

Continued
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Continued

9. List the proximal carpal bones from lateral to 16. Name the lateral bone of the forearm.
medial.

17. Name the medial bone of the forearm.

10. List the distal carpal bones from lateral to
medial.

18. Name the bones and the bony structures that

form the shoulder joint.
11. List the phalanges of fingers II through V from
proximal to distal.

19. Name the wrist bone with a prominent hook

(hamulus).
12. List the phalanges of finger I from proximal to
distal.

20. What term describes a bone embedded in a ten-

don? Which wrist bone is embedded in a ten-
13. Describe the interosseous membrane of the don? Which tendon?
forearm.

21. Name the prominent ridge on the posterior

14. What structure holds the radio-ulnar joint in scapula.
place?

22. Name the eight wrist bones.

15. Name the distal pointed projection of the radius.
Of the ulna?

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

EXERCISE 3.53:
Hip and Thigh, Anterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
IMAGING section, click the DISSECTION
button at the top of the screen.
You may need to click the CHANGE TOPIC/
VIEW button to continue.
From the Select topic menu, select Hip and
thigh under the Pelvic girdle and lower
limb heading.
From the Select view menu, select Anterior.
Click the flashing GO button.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS S.____________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
T.____________________________________________
U.____________________________________________
A B
D C V.____________________________________________
E G
H F W.____________________________________________
K L I
M J X.____________________________________________
R Y.____________________________________________
O N Q
P Z.____________________________________________
AA.____________________________________________
S
EXERCISE 3.54:
T
Hip and Thigh, Posterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
U System, click the DISSECTION button on the
W
X menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
V Y DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
AA Z TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Hip and
thigh, if it is not already selected.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
From the Select view menu, select Posterior.
information necessary to identify the following
structures: Click the flashing GO button.
A. ____________________________________________ Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________ A B
E. ____________________________________________ D C
F. ____________________________________________
E
G H
F
G. ____________________________________________ I K
H. ____________________________________________ J M
L
I. ____________________________________________
N O
P
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________ Q
L. ____________________________________________
R
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________ S T
P. ____________________________________________ V U
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Hip and Thigh
1. Describe the patella.
2. Describe the sacrum.
3. Name the enlarged distal ends of the femur.
EXERCISE 3.55:
Pelvis
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
110
From the Select topic menu, select Pelvis.
Superior will be visible in the Select view
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
B
D C
E
F G H
I
J K
L
M N
P O
R Q
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

P. ____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
Q. ____________________________________________
structures:
R. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT: C. ____________________________________________
Pelvis D. ____________________________________________
1. Name the synovial joint between the sacrum E. ____________________________________________
and the ilium.
F. ____________________________________________
2. How much movement does this joint allow?
Why? G. ____________________________________________
3. Name the landmark for administering anes-
H. ____________________________________________
thetic during childbirth.
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.56:
K. ____________________________________________
Pelvic GirdleFemale L. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys- M. ____________________________________________
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the N. ____________________________________________
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen. Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
From the Select topic menu, select Pelvic
girdlefemale.
Anterior will be visible in the Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A

B D C
E
F
I H G
J K
M L
A B N O
P
C R T
Q S V U
D X
G F E W

H
I
J K Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
L mation necessary to identify the following structures:
N M
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________
W. ____________________________________________
X. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Pelvic GirdleFemale
1. In the pregnant female, what events occur
with the pubic symphysis?
2. Describe the subpubic angle.
3. The subpubic angle in females is usually
_________ degrees.
EXERCISE 3.57:
Pelvic GirdleMale
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
112
From the Select topic menu, select Pelvic
girdlemale.
Anterior will be visible in the Select view
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
B
C
D
F E
G
H
I
K J
M N
L
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS O. ____________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________

A U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________
B C W. ____________________________________________
F E D G
X. ____________________________________________
H I
J
K L
CHECK POINT:
O M Pelvic GirdleMale
N
UT P
Q R 1. Describe the difference between the male and
S
X female obturator foramena.
V W 2. What structures are found in the right iliac
fossa? The left iliac fossa?
3. The subpubic angle in males is usually
_________ degrees.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
EXERCISE 3.58:
A. ____________________________________________
Hip Bone
B. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
C. ____________________________________________
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
D. ____________________________________________ menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in
the DISSECTION section, click the
E. ____________________________________________
CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top
F. ____________________________________________ of the screen.
G. ____________________________________________ From the Select topic menu, select Hip
bone.
H. ____________________________________________
Medial and lateral will be visible in the
I. ____________________________________________
Select view menu.
J. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS R. ____________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________

Q U. ____________________________________________
R
V. ____________________________________________
S
T Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

A B
C U
D
E O
V P
F Q
A R
H K J G
S
I T
L M B C U
D V
O N X
P E W
F Z Y
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the G H
information necessary to identify the following I
structures: J
L K
A. ____________________________________________ M
N
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________ Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
E. ____________________________________________ information necessary to identify the following
structures:
F. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________

114
bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 115
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
U. ____________________________________________
V. ____________________________________________
W. ____________________________________________
X. ____________________________________________
Y. ____________________________________________
Z. ____________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Hip Bone
1. Describe the acetabulum.
2. Name a hip landmark for intramuscular
injections.
3. Name a hip landmark for administering anes-
thetic during childbirth.
EXERCISE 3.59:
Femur
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are
in the DISSECTION section, click the
CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of
the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Femur.
Anterior and posterior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
DC B H
A
I
E F
K J
L
M
G
N
O
P
Q
R
T
S
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS T. ____________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image:
U. ____________________________________________

B A CHECK POINT:
H I
C Femur
J
1. Name a common site of femur fractures, espe-
K
L cially in the elderly.
2. What correlation exists between the length of
D the femur and body height?
3. Name the central depression of the head of
M the femur.
E
EXERCISE 3.60:

N O Patella
P From the opening screen for the Skeleton
F Q System, click the DISSECTION button on the
R
G U menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
T S DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Patella.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures: Anterior and posterior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
A. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
B. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
C. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
C
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________ D
A
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
B
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
S. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor- Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
mation necessary to identify the following structures: information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
A. ___________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
B. ___________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
C. ___________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
D. ___________________________________________
E. ___________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
F. ___________________________________________
Patella
G. ___________________________________________
1. Describe the location of the patella.
2. What structures form the knee joint? H. ___________________________________________
3. What affect does the patella have on the ten- I. ___________________________________________
don of the quadriceps femoris muscle?
J. ___________________________________________
K. ___________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.61: L. ___________________________________________
Leg and Foot, Anterior View M. ___________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeleton N. ___________________________________________
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
O. ___________________________________________
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE P. ___________________________________________
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
Q. ___________________________________________
From the Select topic menu, select Leg and foot.
R. ___________________________________________
From the Select view menu, select Anterior.
S. ___________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
T. ___________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
U. ___________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
V. ___________________________________________
W. ___________________________________________
A
B X. ___________________________________________
C
D Y. ___________________________________________
E
F Z. ___________________________________________
AA. ___________________________________________
G AB. ___________________________________________
H AC. ___________________________________________
J I

L M K
N
RO P
S Q
V T
X U
WY Z
AB
A A AC
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

EXERCISE 3.62:
Leg and Foot, Posterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________

From the Select topic menu, select Leg and N. ____________________________________________

foot, if it is not already selected. O. ____________________________________________
From the Select view menu, select Posterior. P. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button. Q. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS R. ____________________________________________
window, and you will see the following image:
S. ____________________________________________
T. ____________________________________________
A U. ____________________________________________
B
D C
F CHECK POINT:
E
G Leg and Foot
H 1. What bone forms the connecting link
I between the foot and the leg?
2. What bone contributes to the knee and ankle
joints?
J K 3. Name the largest tarsal bone. Where is it
located?

L M
N EXERCISE 3.63:
O
P Tibia and Fibula
Q
RST U From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on
the menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the in the DISSECTION section, click the
information necessary to identify the following CHANGE TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of
structures: the screen.
A. ____________________________________________ From the Select topic menu, select Tibia and
B. ____________________________________________ fibula.

C. ____________________________________________ Anterior and posterior will be visible in the

Select view menu.
D. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: window, and you will see the following image:

A
A C L C B I
B J
D E M D K
N
G F L
H
I O
E
J F M
G
P N
Q

K R H

O
P
Q

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

CHECK POINT: information necessary to identify the following
Tibia and Fibula structures:
A. ___________________________________________
1. What structure on the tibia contributes to the
ankle joint? B. ___________________________________________
2. What structure on the fibula contributes to
C. ___________________________________________
the ankle joint?
3. What is unique about the anterior shaft of D. ___________________________________________
the tibia?
E. ___________________________________________
F. ___________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.64: G. ___________________________________________

Ankle and Foot H. ___________________________________________

From the opening screen for the Skeleton I. ___________________________________________

System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Ankle and
foot.
Superior and inferior will be visible in the
Select view menu.
J. ___________________________________________
K. ___________________________________________
L. ___________________________________________
M. ___________________________________________
N. ___________________________________________
O. ___________________________________________

Click the flashing GO button. P. ___________________________________________

Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS Q. ___________________________________________

window, and you will see the following image: R. ___________________________________________
S. ___________________________________________
T. ___________________________________________

A U. ___________________________________________
B L M
C N V. ___________________________________________
O P
D E W. ___________________________________________
R Q
T X. ___________________________________________
F S V
U Y. ___________________________________________
X
W Z. ___________________________________________
G Y Z
H AA. ___________________________________________
AA
I J AB. ___________________________________________
AB
AC AC. ___________________________________________
AE AD. ___________________________________________
AD
K AE. ___________________________________________

120
bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 121
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
Q W. ___________________________________________
A R
C S
B T
D U
F E
G V
I AA. ___________________________________________
H J
K L
N O W X
M Y
Z
P AA
AB
AC
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________
R. ____________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
S. ___________________________________________
T. ___________________________________________
U. ___________________________________________
V. ___________________________________________
X. ___________________________________________
Y. ___________________________________________
Z. ___________________________________________
AB. ___________________________________________
AC. ___________________________________________
CHECK POINT:
Ankle and Foot
1. Name the structure commonly called the
ball of the foot.
2. Name the structures that are the surface con-
tact points on the plantar foot.
3. List three common names for digit I of the
foot.
Self Test
Take this opportunity to quiz yourself by taking the
SELF TEST.
From the opening screen for the Skeletal
System, or, if you are in the DISSECTION
section, click the SELF TEST button at the top of
the screen.
From the Select test topic menu, select
Skeleton.
From the Select region menu, select Lower
limb.
From the Select test type menu, select Click
to identify.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select test type menu, select
Multiple choice.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select region menu, select
Appendicular skeleton.
121
Au: Correct? (in order of CD)
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

From the Select test type menu, select Click From the Select number of questions menu,
to identify. select ALL.
From the Select number of questions menu, Complete the SELF TEST, and save your results.
select ALL.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select test type menu, select
Multiple choice.

I N R E V I E W
What Have I Learned? 9. How much movement does this joint allow?
Why?

T
he following questions cover the material that
you have just learned: the pelvic girdle and
lower limb. Apply what you have learned in
answering these questions: 10. Name the landmark for administering anesthetic
1. Where on the femur does the lateral collateral during childbirth.
ligament attach?

11. In the pregnant female, what events occur with

2. How many tarsal bones are there on each foot? the pubic symphysis?
Name them.

12. The subpubic angle in females is usually

3. The head of which bone is commonly referred to _________________ degrees.
as the ball of the foot?

13. The subpubic angle in males is usually

4. Name the small bones of the toes. How many of _________________ degrees.
these bones make up each toe?

14. Describe the difference between the male and

5. Name the two enlargement of the distal femur. female obturator foramena.
Au: Okay
as set? What structures do they articulate with?

15. Name a hip landmark for intramuscular injections.

6. Describe the patella.

16. Name a hip landmark for administering anes-

7. Describe the sacrum. thetic during childbirth.

8. Name the synovial joint between the sacrum and 17. Name a common site of femur fractures, espe-
the ilium. cially in the elderly.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

18. What correlation exists between the length of 22. What bone contributes to the knee and ankle
the femur and body height? joints?

19. Name the central depression of the head of the 23. Name the largest tarsal bone. Where is it located?
femur.

24. What structure on the tibia contributes to the

20. What structures form the knee joint? ankle joint?

21. What bone forms the connecting link between 25. What structure on the fibula contributes to the
the foot and the leg? ankle joint?

HEADS UP! 2. What is the most common type of joint?

With the study of the joints, or articulations, we
can tie together the concepts that you have
learned in the Skeletal System and integrate
them with those you will learn in the next
chapter the Muscular System. With this in
3. How many types of synovial joints are found
in the body? What distinguishes each one
from the others?

mind, you will want to refer back to this section

of the Skeletal System while you are working on
the Muscular System. 4. Which type of synovial joint allows the most
mobility? Give an example.

Animation: Synovial Joint

From the opening screen for the Skeletal
System, or, if you are in the DISSECTION 5. Which type of synovial joint allows the least
section, click the ANIMATIONS button at the mobility? Give an example.
top of the screen.
From the Select animation menu, select
Synovial joint.
6. A typical synovial joint is characterized by . . . .
Click the Play button, and view the animation.
After viewing the animation, answer these
questions:
1. A joint is . . . . 7. Describe the joint capsule.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

8. What is synovial fluid? Where is it produced?

9. What tissue covers the surface of adjoining

bones? What is its function?

10. What is the function of the meniscus of the

A
B
knee joint?

11. What is the function of bursae?

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
EXERCISE 3.65:
A. ____________________________________________
Temporomandibular Joint B. ____________________________________________
From the opening screen for the Skeletal
System, or from the Skeletal System Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
Animations Screen, click the DISSECTION window, and you will see the following image:
button on the menu at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Temporo-
mandibular joint under the Joints heading.
Lateral will be visible in the Select view
menu.
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

A
B
C D
E

F
G

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the I. ____________________________________________

information necessary to identify the following
J. ____________________________________________
structures:
A. ____________________________________________ Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS
B. ____________________________________________ window, and you will see the following image:

C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________

Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image: H
I
B
A
J C
D F
M EK L
O
N G
P

E D
B Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
A
F information necessary to identify the following
C structures:
G
H A. ____________________________________________
I
B. ____________________________________________
J
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________

Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the F. ____________________________________________

information necessary to identify the following G. ____________________________________________
structures:
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
A. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
K. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image: CHECK POINT:
Temporomandibular Joint

1. Name the structure that encloses the

temporomandibular joint.
2. What is the function of the synovial
membrane?
3. What is the function of the lateral ligament
of the temporomandibular joint?
4. What is the cause of jaw clicking?
5. What is the location of the articular disk of
the temporomandibular joint?
G F
B C A
H I EXERCISE 3.66:
J
D K Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint
N L O
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
P M E System, click the DISSECTION button on the
Q
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Gleno-
humeral (shoulder) joint.
Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following Anterior will be visible in the Select view
structures: menu.
A. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.
B. ____________________________________________ Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
A
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins) B
F. ____________________________________________ C
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________
Q. ____________________________________________

126
bro78143_03_49-144.QXD 9/17/07 2:12 PM Page 127
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A G
B I
D
E Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
F G
Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
B A
C D
E
F
H
J
L K
M
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: window, and you will see the following image:

A A
B H B H
C D C D E
E F
F
G

I
G I

J
K
L

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 6 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image: CHECK POINT:
Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint

1. Name the structure enclosing the acromio-

A clavicular joint.
B 2. What is the function of the coracohumeral
C ligament?
D 3. What is the function of the coracoclavicular
G E F ligament?
4. What is the result of a torn coracoclavicular
H ligament?
I 5. Name the tough, fibrous envelope of the
J
glenohumeral joint.
K

L EXERCISE 3.67:
M
Elbow Joint
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Elbow
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
joint.
information necessary to identify the following
structures: Anterior will be visible in the Select view menu.
A. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.
B. ____________________________________________ Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
A B
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image: B C
D
A
E F
G
I H
B J K L
C
D N M
O
E F P

H G
I
J
K
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following D. ____________________________________________
structures:
E. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
O. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
P. ____________________________________________

130
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: window, and you will see the following image:

F E
G A
H

B
A C E D
B C F G
D H I
J
I
J K

Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
information necessary to identify the following mation necessary to identify the following structures:
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
F. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________

CHECK POINT:
Elbow Joint

1. Name the structure that encloses the elbow joint.

2. What is the function of the radial collateral ligament?
3. What is the function of the ulnar collateral ligament?
4. What is the function of the anular ligament of the radius?
5. Name the bones associated with the elbow joint.

131
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

EXERCISE 3.68:
B
Knee Joint, Anterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Knee
joint.
From the Select view menu, select Anterior. A
Click the flashing GO button.
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:

Mouse-over the green pin on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures: Au: Plural okay?
A A. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pin)
B. ____________________________________________
B
Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
C

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following A
structures:
B E C
A. ____________________________________________ F
B. ____________________________________________ D
C. ____________________________________________
G
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the image at the top
of the next column:

132
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor- Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS
mation necessary to identify the following structures: window, and you will see the following image:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________ A
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________ B
E D C
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________ F G
Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS
H
window, and you will see the following image: I J
K L

A M

B
D C Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
E
G H information necessary to identify the following
F structures:
I A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
J E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
H. ____________________________________________
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
I. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________

133
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS

EXERCISE 3.69:
window, and you will see the following image:
Knee Joint, Posterior View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton Sys-
tem, click the DISSECTION button on the
menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Knee
joint, if it is not already selected.
A
From the Select view menu, select Posterior.
B C
Click the flashing GO button.
D E
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: F
G
J H
I
K

Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pin on the screen to find the
H. ____________________________________________
information necessary to identify the following
structure: I. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________ J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image: window, and you will see the following image:

A B C A
D B
F G I D E G
J E H C F

K L
M

Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
information necessary to identify the following mation necessary to identify the following structures:
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window and you will see the following image: CHECK POINT:
Knee Joint

1. Name the structures that make up the

unhappy triad.
A 2. Why are these structures referred to as the
unhappy triad?
B 3. Name a ligament absent in approximately
40 percent of knees.
4. What is the function of the anterior cruciate
C D ligament?
E 5. What is the function of the posterior cruciate
F G ligament?

I H
J
K EXERCISE 3.70:

Ankle Joint, Lateral View

L From the opening screen for the Skeleton
System, click the DISSECTION button on the
M menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Ankle
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the joint.
information necessary to identify the following
structures: From the Select view menu, select Lateral.
A. ____________________________________________ Click the flashing GO button.
B. ____________________________________________ Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________ A B
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________

136
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
A B
Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS C
window, and you will see the following image: D
E
F

C
E D
F
H
B
I
G A
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the infor-
mation necessary to identify the following structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures: Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
C. ____________________________________________
C
D. ____________________________________________ D
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________ E
A F
G. ____________________________________________
B G
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________

Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the image at the top
of the next column:
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the H. ____________________________________________

information necessary to identify the following
I. ____________________________________________
structures:
J. ____________________________________________
A. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
M. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
N. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
EXERCISE 3.71:
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________ Ankle Joint, Medial View
From the opening screen for the Skeleton
Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS System, click the DISSECTION button on the
window, and you will see the following image: menu at the top of the screen. Or, if you are in the
DISSECTION section, click the CHANGE
TOPIC/VIEW button at the top of the screen.
From the Select topic menu, select Ankle
joint, if it is not already selected.
From the Select view menu, select Medial.
A Click the flashing GO button.
B
Click LAYER 1 in the LAYER CONTROLS
E window, and you will see the following image:
C F
D H
J G I K L
N M

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
Mouse-over the pin on the screen to find the infor-
F. ____________________________________________ mation necessary to identify the following structure:
G. ____________________________________________ A. ____________________________________________

138
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click LAYER 2 in the LAYER CONTROLS Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
window, and you will see the following image: information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
B
F. ____________________________________________
C
Click LAYER 4 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A

Mouse-over the green pin on the screen to find the C

Au: Plural okay? information necessary to identify the following A D
structures:
B
A. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________

Click LAYER 3 in the LAYER CONTROLS

window, and you will see the following image:

Mouse-over the green pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
Non-Skeletal System Structures (blue pins)
A
B C. ____________________________________________
D C
D. ____________________________________________
E F

139
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System
Click LAYER 5 in the LAYER CONTROLS
window, and you will see the following image:
A
B ligament of the ankle?
C
D E
G F
I H
K J
L
M SELF TEST.
Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________
G. ____________________________________________
H. ____________________________________________
I. ____________________________________________
J. ____________________________________________
K. ____________________________________________
L. ____________________________________________
M. ____________________________________________
140
CHECK POINT:
Ankle Joint
1. Name the strongest tendon of the body. Why
is it considered the strongest?
2. What is the extensor retinaculum of the foot?
What is its function?
3. What is the function of the lateral ligament
of the ankle?
4. What is the flexor retinaculum of the foot?
What is its function?
5. What is the function of the medial (deltoid)
Self Test
Take this opportunity to quiz yourself by taking the
From the opening screen for the Skeletal System,
or, if you are in the DISSECTION section, click the
SELF TEST button at the top of the screen.
From the Select test topic menu, select
Skeleton.
From the Select region menu, select Joints.
From the Select test type menu, select Click
to identify.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select test type menu, select
Multiple choice.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
After completing the SELF TEST and saving your
results, click the Select test topic menu, select
Animation.
From the Select animation menu, select
Synovial joint.
Multiple choice is visible in the Select test
type menu.
ALL is visible in the Select number of ques-
tions menu.
Complete the SELF TEST and save your results.
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

I N R E V I E W
What Have I Learned? 8. Name the bones associated with the elbow joint.

T
he following questions cover the material that
you have just learned: joints. Apply what you
have learned in answering these questions: 9. Name the structures that make up the unhappy
triad.
1. Name the structure that encloses the temporo-
mandibular joint.

10. Name a ligament absent in approximately

40 percent of knees.
2. What is the function of the synovial membrane?

11. What is the function of the anterior cruciate

3. What is the cause of jaw clicking? ligament?

4. Name the structure enclosing the acromioclavic- 12. What is the function of the posterior cruciate
ular joint. ligament?

5. What is the result of a torn coracoclavicular 13. Name the strongest tendon of the body. Why is
ligament? it considered the strongest?

6. Name the tough, fibrous envelope of the gleno- 14. What is the extensor retinaculum of the foot?
humeral joint. What is its function?

7. Name the structure that encloses the elbow joint.

EXERCISE 3.72:

HistologyElastic Cartilage A
B
From the opening screen for the Skeletal
System or, if you are in the DISSECTION C
section, click the HISTOLOGY button at the top
of the screen.
From the Select topic menu select Elastic D
cartilage.
Click the flashing GO button.
E
Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the image to the right:

141
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

EXERCISE 3.74:
information necessary to identify the following
structures: HistologyHyaline Cartilage
A. ____________________________________________ Click the CHANGE TOPIC button in the
B. ____________________________________________ CURRENT TOPIC window.

C. ____________________________________________ From the Select topic menu select Hyaline

cartilage.
D. ____________________________________________
Click the flashing GO button.
E. ____________________________________________
Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the following image:
EXERCISE 3.73:

HistologyFibrous Cartilage
Click the CHANGE TOPIC button in the
CURRENT TOPIC window.
From the Select topic menu select Fibrous
cartilage.
A
Click the flashing GO button. B C
Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the following image: D
E

B Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________

142
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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will

EXERCISE 3.75:
see the following image:
HistologyCompact Bone
Click the CHANGE TOPIC button in the
CURRENT TOPIC window.
From the Select topic menu select Compact
bone.
Click the flashing GO button. A
From the Select magnification menu select B
Low magnification.
D C
Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will
see the following image: E
F

B A
C D Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________
D. ____________________________________________
E. ____________________________________________
F. ____________________________________________

Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the

information necessary to identify the following EXERCISE 3.76:
structures:
HistologyCancellous Bone
A. ____________________________________________
Click the CHANGE TOPIC button in the
B. ____________________________________________ CURRENT TOPIC window.
C. ____________________________________________ From the Select topic menu select Cancellous
D. ____________________________________________ bone.

From the Select magnification menu select Click the flashing GO button.
High magnification.

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CHAPTER 3 The Skeletal System

Click the TURN TAGS ON button, and you will Mouse-over the pins on the screen to find the
see the following image: information necessary to identify the following
structures:
A. ____________________________________________
B. ____________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________

Self Test
A Take this opportunity to quiz yourself by taking the
B SELF TEST.
From the opening screen for the Skeletal
System, or, if you are in the DISSECTION
C section, click the SELF TEST button at the top of
the screen.
From the Select test topic menu, select
Histology.
From the Select number of questions menu,
select ALL.
Complete the SELF TEST and save your results.

I N R E V I E W
What Have I Learned? 6. Describe an osteon.

T
he following questions cover the material that
you have just learned: histology. Apply what you
have learned in answering these questions: 7. Describe a perforating canal.

1. Name the outer layer of most cartilage.

8. Interstitial lamellae result from

_________________.
2. Give four examples of elastic cartilage.

9. What component of bone tissue is essential to

3. What are lacunae? What are contained within bone nutrition, growth, and repair?
the lacunae?

10. What are trabeculae?

4. Give four examples of fibrous cartilage.

5. What is the function of the chondrogenic layer

of the perichondrium?

144