Vinyl Chloride Monomer

( Vinyl chloride monomer)
75/6 6 10400

:
.. 2551 300
ISBN 978-974-357-808-3
www.cuprint.chula.ac.th

50

(Vinyl chloride monomer)


:
.. 2551
3 (.. 2550 - 2554)

()


2551

(Vinyl chloride monomer, VCM) 1

2
1 3

2
2.1 (PVC Resins) 5
2.2 1,1,1- (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) 6
3
3.1 7
3.2 8
3.3 9
3.4 10
3.5 10
3.6 11
3.7 12
3.8 13
3.9 15
4
4.1 (Storage Tank) 17
5
5.1 19
6
6.1 (Storage Tank) 22
7
7.1 25
7.2 26
8
8.1 29
8.2 31
8.3 33
()

9 GHS
9.1 (SDS) 36
9.2 GHS 44
9.3 46
10
10.1 49
10.2 51
11
11.1 52
11.2 53
11.3 53
11.4 54
12 55
13 56

61
64
65

10-1 50
1-1 .. 2547 2550 3

1-2 4
2-1 5
2-2 1,1,1 6
3-1 NFPA 8
3-2 16
4-1 (Spherical Tank) 17
4-2 18
5-1 19
5-2 20
6-1 Fire Hydrant 22
6-2 (Water Spray) 23
6-3 (Gas Detector) 23
8-1 31
8-2 32
8-3 (Frostbite) 34
10-1 49

(Vinyl chloride monomer, VCM)

C2H3Cl
(Synonyms) EU 1
(Ethylene (Classification)
monochloride) F+; R12
(Monochloroethylene) Carc. Cat. 1; R45
(Chloroethylene) (R-phases)
(Chloroethene) R12
(Monochloroethene) R45
(Ethylmonochloride) (S-phases)
(Vinyl chloride M) S45
(
)
S53
: VCM

CAS Number : 75-01-4
EC Number (EINECS) : 200-831-0
Index Number : 602-023-00-7

UN Number : 1086
Class : 2.1
F+ T
1
European Chemical Substances Information System (ESIS): http://ecb.jrc.it/esis [2008, 4 July]
1
5 3 1

2
1
(Drain Valve)

2
(Safety Interlock)

2
Formosa Plastics
Corporation Illinois

:

23 2547
1
The U.S. Chemical Safety Board. 2007. CSB Issues Final Report, Safety Video on Formosa Plastics Explosion in Illinois.
Available from http://petrochemical.ihs.com/news-07Q1/csb-formosa-explosion.jsp
2
1

1

480 - 510
160
140
136.2
(oC) ( 498 oC) 6 - 35
,
120
100 85.1
(atm)
90.4
80
60
40

20
8.1
0
2547 2548 2549 2550
..
97%

1-1 (
.. 2547 2550 Polyvinyl chloride, PVC)

1,1,1-
(1,1,1-Trichloroethane) (Co-polymer)
.. 2547 2550 (Vinyl acetate)
11 (Vinyl sterate)
(Vinylidene chloride)
1
. 2551.
3
97% 3%
1,1,1-

(Refrigerant)

: The Dow Chemical Company. Product Safety Assessment: Vinyl Chloride Monomer [Online]
Available from: http://www.dow.com/productsafety/finder/vcm.htm [2008, August]
1-2
4
2

2.1 (PVC Resins)
(Recovery Unit)

2-1
: 99.5%
: 1,350,000 / 1
:
(Peroxide) (Stabilizer)
(Inhibitor) (Batch Reactor) -
7.7 - 9.67 atm
50 - 80oC (Polyvinyl Alcohol)
(Slurry)

: H2C = CHCl ---[--H2C CHCl--]n----

:

1
.. 2550 .. 2551. :
.
5
2.2 1,1,1- (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)

1,1,1 -

1,1
1,1,1 -
+
2-2 1,1,1
:
:
:
20 50oC (AlCl3)
(FeCl3) (ZnCl2) 1,1
(Cl2) (Ultraviolet)
1,1,1

: CH2=CHCl + HCl CH3CHCl2
1,1

CH3CHCl2 + Cl2 CH3CCl3 + HCl
1,1,1
6
3

3.1
( 25oC) 1 ppm = 2.56 mg/m3

1 mg/m3 = 0.39 ppm

-153.88oC
-13.8oC
-78oC
158.4oC
20oC ( 1) 0.912
20oC ( 1) 2.15
25oC 2.7 g/l
20oC 3.29 atm (2,497 )
40oC 4.44 atm (3,375 )
50oC 7.70 atm (5,850 )
10 ppm
1.2 x 10-6 cm2/s
0.106 cm2/s
25oC 0.0278 atm-m3/mol
(
)

2.2 - 2.7
4.7 ()
34.7 - 43.8 ( )
(1-10 cm) 0.2 - 0.5

(Chlorinated Solvent)
7
3.2
National Fire Protection Association, NFPA

4
0 - 4 NFPA
3-1
NFPA
2 :
4 :
1 :
:
3-1 NFPA
(% )
(Lower Flammable Limit, LFL) : 3.6%
(Upper Flammable Limit, UFL) : 33%
(% )
(Lower Explosive Limit, LEL) : 4%
(Upper Explosive Limit, UEL) : 22%
(Regression Speed) : 4.3 /
() : -78oC
2.1 (Flammable Gas)
.. 2545
: 472.2oC

(Free Radical)

()

(Neutralization Process)

8
3.3
()

(>10,000 ppm)
(Anaesthesia)
(Heart and Lung Failure)

()

(Mutagenic Effect)

1.28 ppm

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
1 (Carcinogenic to Humans)
EPA A (Human Carcinogen)
9
3.4
OSHA TLV-TWA1 1 ppm (Toxicity)
1
OSHA TLV-C (15 ) LD 50 (Oral, Rat) 500 mg/kg.
5 ppm LC 50 (Inhalation, Rat) 385 ppm ()
2
LD 50 (Dermal, Rat)
(Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit, TEEL)

TEEL 1 1 ppm
TEEL 2 5 ppm
TEEL 3 75 ppm
IDLH
TEEL (Emergency
Response Planning Guideline Values, ERPG)
3.5
2 :
210 ppm 96 Zebrafish
(210 ppm/ 96 hr/ Zebrafish / 50%
Zebrafish killed/ Sea Water)

1,220 ppm 96 Bluegill
(1,220 ppm / 96 hr/ Bluegill / 50%
Bluegill killed/ Sea Water)
: (FDA)

< 10 ppb 3
Log Kow : 1.58
Log BCF in Fish 4: 0.609
1
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10021
2
UNEP publication. 2003. Vinyl Chloride Monomer. p 22.
3
McNeal, T. P., Olivo, C., and Begley, T.H. 2003. Determination of residual vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride in food
packages containing polyvinyl chloride and Saran resins. 2003 FDA Science Forum. April 24-25, 2003. Washington, DC:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
4
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry. 2006. Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride.
10
3.6

(Abiotic Depletion) 0.0234 kg Sb eq
(Global Warming Potential, GWP100) 2.05 kg CO2 eq
(Ozone Layer Depletion, ODP) kg CFC-11 eq
(Human Toxicity) 224.2 kg 1,4-DB eq

4.44 kg 1,4-DB eq
(Fresh Water Aquatic Ecotoxicity)
(Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity) 118 kg 1,4-DB eq
(Terrestrial Ecotoxicity) 0.00928 kg 1,4-DB eq
(Photochemical
kg C2H4 eq
Oxidation) 0.000435
(Acidification) 0.00821 kg SO2 eq

0.000491 kg PO4- eq
(Eutrophication)
: Sb , CFC , 1,4-DB 1,4-
: SimaPro version 7.1, Method: CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.03 / the Netherlands, 1997
1 kg

(Human Toxicity)
224.2 kg 1,4-DB eq 1
1,4- 224.2

11
3.7
EPA A
EPA

1

EPA (1992)
(Inhalation Unit Risk) 2
4.4 x 10-6 (g/m3)-1
(Continuous Lifetime Exposure during Adulthood)
-6 3 -1
8.8 x 10 (g/m )
(Continuous Lifetime Exposure from Birth)
EPA IRIS
(Integrated Risk Information System) 2

= x

0.014 g/m3 1 10 (0.014 X 8.8 x
10-6 = 1.23 X 10-7) EPA

EPA (EPAs Standard
Residential Exposure Parameters, 1991) 70 .
70 24 / 350 /
30 20 3/
1
The Risk Assessment Information System. 1993. Toxicity Summary for VINYL CHLORIDE.
http://rais.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/vinyl.shtml#t42 [2008, 14 May]
2
Integrated Risk Information System. Vinyl chloride (CASRN 75-01-4). 2000. Available from:
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/subst/1001.htm#quainhal
12
3.8
:

:
:
100oC

:
()
:

: 2 - 3

(Hydroxyl Radical)
(Formyl chloride) (Formaldehyde)

:
(Hydrolysis)
(Aerobic) 16% 28
(Anaerobic) 80% 28
:

13

(Strong Oxidizing Agents)

(Acetal) (Acetal Copolymer)
(Amine Containing Materials)
14
3.9

[ :
(H) 1,534 J/g ]
(Runaway
Reaction)
H < 210 J/g

210 < H < 630 J/g
H > 630 J/g
(Free Radical)

0.1%

- -14 -22oC
- ( 4 atm) 20 - 40oC

(Liquefied VCM)
(Flashing) (Overpressure)
15
1
1. (Inhibitor)
6
3
2
1.1 (Hydroquinone monomethylether)
56 ppm
1.2 (Phenol Derivatives)
40 - 100 ppm
2. 2

3-2
21oC (70oF) 43oC (109oF) 2 ( 36 psig
80 psig)

3-2
1
Nicholas, P. C. 1989. Handbook of Polymer Science and Technology: Volume 1 Synthesis and Properties. New York:
Marcel Dekker
2
Russell, A. O., Marcus, V. M., Delmar, R. M., and Andrew R. C. 2004. Explosion caused by flashing liquid in a process
vessel. Journal of Hazardous Materials 115: 133 - 140.
16
4

4.1 (Storage Tank)
4-1 (Spherical Tank)
(Stainless Steel) (Carbon Steel)

8.71 atm (9 kg/cm2)
60oC
25.3 32.6
(Corrosion Allowance) 2
2
100%

5
2

(Insulator) / /

(Manhole) 500

10%
()
(Vapor Return Line)
Loading Unloading
17
/
(Carbon Steel)

6.8110.21 atm (7.04 0.55 kg/cm2)

-
-
-
4-2
UN NFPA
4-2
18
5

5.1
5-1
(Stainless Steel)
(Sacrificed Metal)

1,2
3

() 2.9 atm (3 )
(Inhibitor)
( 3.9)
1

123 101 29 2549
2

( 2) 124 6 16 2550
3
.. 2546
120 128 7 2546
19
:
1,000
1,000
2
1 ,2 5-1 5-2

.. 2535 3, 4
239 Hazard Identification Code

1086 (UN Number)
5-2
1

118 27 22 2549
2
. (Thai Provision Volume II: TP II)
Restructured ADR 2003, European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of
Dangerous Goods by Road
. 2544
3
.. 2549
123 29 23 2549
4
( 2) .. 2550
124 27 8 2550
20
2
6 1
( 5-2)
4 2
3
1

4 () 116 23 23 2542
2

4 118 11 6 2544
3
. (Thai Provision Volume II: TP II)
Restructured ADR 2003, European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of
Dangerous Goods by Road
. 2544
21
6

6.1 (Storage Tank)

110%

Fire Hydrant
6-1
85%
(Water Spray) 6-2
(Gas Detector)
6-3

1.5

6-1 Fire Hydrant
22
6-2 (Water Spray)
6-3 (Gas Detector)

1.

-

23

(Grounding) (Bonding)
(Explosion Proof)

2.

3.
95%

24
7

7.1

1. (Hard Hat)

2.
(Air-purifying
Respirator)

3. (Goggle)

4. (Neoprene)
(Nitrile Rubber)
(Butyl Rubber)
5.

6.
(Terylene)
(Cotton)
: The National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, February 1990. National Code of Practice for
the Safe Use of Vinyl chloride. Ambassador Press Pty. Ltd.
25
7.2

()
1.
10 ppm
(Combination
Type C supplied-air respirator, demand type,
with half facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained
air supply)
2.

(Type C supplied-air respirator, demand type,
with half facepiece)
3.

10 ppm
1 (Any chemical cartridge respirator with
an organic vapor cartridge which provides a
service life of at least 1 hour for concentrations
of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm)
1.
25 ppm

25 ppm 4
(Powered air-purifying respirator with hood,
helmet, full or half facepiece, and a canister
which provides a service life of at least 4 hours
for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm)
26

()
2.

25 ppm 4 (Gas mask
with front or back-mounted canister which provides
a service life of at least 4 hours for concentrations
of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm)
1.
100 ppm
(Combination
Type C supplied-air respirator, demand type, with
full facepiece, and auxiliary self-contained air
supply)
2.

(Open-circuit self-contained
breathing apparatus with full facepiece, in demand
mode)
3.
(Type
C supplied-air respirator, demand type, with
full facepiece)

1,000 ppm

(Type
C supplied-air respirator, continuous-flow type,
with full or half facepiece, helmet, or hood)
1.
3,600 ppm

(Combination Type C supplied-air respirator,
pressure demand type, with full or half facepiece,
and auxiliary self-contained air supply)
27

()
2.

(Combination type continuous-
flow supplied-air respirator with full or half
facepiece and auxiliary self-contained air supply)
3,600
ppm
(Open-circuit self-
contained breathing apparatus, pressure-demand
type, with full facepiece)
: OSHA Respirator Requirements for Selected Chemicals, Vinyl Chloride [Online].
Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/Niosh/npg/nengapdx.html#e [2008, 12 July]
28
8.1

(Foam Monitor)

:

7.2
29

(Gas-tight Suit)
(Self-contained Breathing
Apparatus, SCBA)

(Spine Board)

30
8.2

( = 2.15 = 1)
25oC
8-1

8-1
OSHA
100 ppm
1

1.
2.
7
3.
4.
1
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA):
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=18915
31
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
1
12.
/

13.

14.

800 (1/2 ) 1

(Flash Back)
8-2

_______________________________
1
The UN Water Virtual Learning Centre:
http://wvlc.uwaterloo.ca/biology447/Assignments/assignment1/vinyl_chloride/vinyl_chloride1.htm [2008, 17 July]
2
. . 5, 2544
32
1. 1,500 2

2.
7
3.
4. (Alcohol Resistance
Foam)
5.

6.

(Icing)

7.

8.
9.

10.

8.3
33
:

(Compressed Liquid)

(Frostbite) 8-3

:
15

:

8-3 (Frostbite)
34
35
9
GHS
9.1 (SDS)
(Safety Data Sheet: SDS)

Merck Sigma Aldrich
GHS
2003
1. / (Identification)
:
: 217008051 ()
:
:
:
:
()
123/123 6 10400
02 222 2222 02 333 3333
02 444 4444 ()
2. (Hazards Identification)
/ :
1
() 4
/ 2
/ 2B
2
36
1A
2
1
() ()
1
() ( )
:

;

:
3. (Composition/Information on Ingredients)
:
:
: C2H3Cl
: 62.50 /
: Chloroethylene : Ethylene monochloride, Monochloroethene
CAS : 75-01-4 EC : 200-831-0
:
: 100 %
37
4. (First-aid Measures)
:
:
: 15

: 15

:
/ :
:

: (Compressed Liquid)
(Frostbite)

:
:
:
5. (Fire-fighting Measures)
:
:
:

()

38
6.
(Accidental Release Measure)
:

:

:

7. (Handling and Storage)

:

:

85%
/
/
8. (Exposure Controls/Personal
Protection)
:
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
TLV-TWA 1 ppm
TLV-C 5 ppm

() .. 2520
1 ppm
:

39
:
:
: (Goggle)
:
:
:

/
9. (Physical and Chemical Properties)
1. :
2. :
3. : 10 ppm
4. :
5. / : -153.88oC
6. : -13.8oC
7. : -78oC
8. :
9. :
10. (%, v/v) : : 3.6 : 33
11. : 3.29 atm (2,497 ) 20oC
12. ( = 1) : 2.15 20oC
13. ( = 1) : 0.912
14. : : 2.7 g/l 25oC
15. n-octanol : 1.58 (Log Kow)
16. : 472.2oC
17. :
10. (Stability and Reactivity)

:
:
:
:

(Amine Containing Materials)
(Acetylide Forming Metals)
: (
)
40
11. (Toxicological Information)

:
:

:
:
:

:

:
: LD50 (Oral, Rat): 500
: LC50 (Inhalation, Rat): 385 ppm
2
:
12. (Ecological Information)

:
: Zebrafish LC50: 210 ppm 96
: Bluegill LC50: 1,220 ppm 96
:
: (Log Kow = 1.58 Log BCF in Fish = 0.609)
:
:
13. (Disposal Considerations)

:

:

41
14. (Transport Information)

UN : 1086
UN : VINYL CHLORIDE, STABILIZED
: 2.1
() :
:
:
15. (Regulatory Information)

.. 2535
: 3 ()
4 ( )

.. 2534

() .. 2520
30 (.. 2550)
1

: F+
T
: R12, R45

: S45, S53
(
)

EC : 200-831-0 EC Label

: 2 ( )
42
16. (Other Information)
: 28 2551
:
UN : United Nations
TLV-TWA : Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average
8 40

PEL : Permissible Exposure Limit
8
BCF : Bioconcentration Factor

EC : European Commission
:
Merck
Sigma Aldrich
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazard
43
9.2 GHS
(Globally Harmonized
System of Classification and Labeling of Chemical : GHS)

GHS

(Vinyl chloride monomer) GHS

CAS No. 75-01-4 UN No. 1086
:
:
:

: ()

44

SCBA

15

: ()
: 123/123 6 10400
02 222 2222 02 333 3333
: 1 : http://www. chemtrack.org
2 . .
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (UN-GHS Version 2003) 2548.
45
9.3

1.
- - - - -

2.

Sigma-
1
Aldrich

472.2 oC
3.
- - - - -

4. - - - - -
5.
liquid ; 65oC
-
gas

6.
- - - - -

7.
- - - - -

8.
- - - - -

9.

- - - - -

10.
- - - - -

11.
- - - - -

12.
- - - - -

13.
- - - - -

46

14.
- - - - -

15.
- - - - -

16.
- - - - -

1.
1.1 LD50 (Oral,Rat) Sigma-
4 500 mg/kg Aldrich
1.2 - - - - - -
1.3 -
- - - - -
()
1.4 -
- - - - -
()
1.5 -
- - - - -
()
2. / Sigma-
2 Aldrich

3. Sigma-
/ Aldrich
2B -

4.
4.1
- - - - - -

4.2
- - - - - -

5. Sigma-
Aldrich
2

6. Sigma-
Aldrich
1A

47

7. Sigma-
2 Aldrich

8. Japan
/ Interna-
1 tional
/ Coopera-
tion
Agency

9. Japan
/ Interna-
1 tional
/ Coopera-
tion
Agency

10.
10.1 - - - - -
10.2 - - - - -
48
10

.. 2548
.. 2535
(Ignitable Substance) (Toxic Hazardous Chemical) -

1
10 / 1
10.1

:
.
10-1

10-1
1
30 (..2550)
1 .. 2535
124 143 14 .. 2550
49
1)

2)

2

(VCM/water Decanter)

. () Liquid
Injection Incinerator 1,250oC
1
()
10-1
10-1

/

1
100 /
5 /

100 /
-
Suspension
2,000 /
-
Emulsion
1
William M. V. 2000. EPA Air Pollution Control Cost Manual, Chapter 2-Incinerators[Online].
Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir1/cs3-2ch2.pdf
50
:

1 ppm
:
15 02 02
HM ( 16 01 07
) ( .. 2548)
10.2

(Nitrogen Purging)

(LEL) 2
1
: http://www.pcd.go.th/Download/regulation.cfm?task=s10
[ 19 2551)]
2
Jeffrey W. V. 1996. Hazardous substances / Safety measures / Handbooks, manuals Part A. CRC Press.
51
11

11.1

3.2

6.1

6.1
(Gas Detector)
7.1, 7.2

4.1

8.1, 8.2

8.2
3.3

3.8

3.7

7.1, 7.2

7.1, 7.2

52
11.2

3.9

3.9
3.9
4.1
-
6.1

8.2

6.2

4.1

11.3

3.8

10.1,10.2
10.2

53
11.4

54
12

.. 2535 4
3

./. 6

(1), (2)

(2)

(2)

(1), (2)

(1)

./. 1 - ()
.3
- -
.1 /.6
-
.. -.7
2543 - -
.5 .. 2547
(2)
() ()
/.7
.. 2547

()
55
13

1.
1.1 1.2 ( ) ISO 9000/14000/18000
( ) ()........................
...............................................
1.3
1.4 1.5 / 1.6
1.7 / 1.8 / 1.9
1.10 1.11 1.12
1.13
1.14 ....... .................... ..................

1.15 /
1. ................... .....................................
2. ....................... ......................................
3. ......... .....................................
4. .................... .....................................
2.
2.1 (SDS)
2.1.1 (SDS) ( ) ( )
(SDS) SDS .................................
***
2.2
2.2.1 ................................... ......................
2.2.2 ................................... ......................
2.2.3 ................................... ......................
2.3 (Flow Chart) ()
***
2.4 ()
***
56
3 5
3.
3.1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ().........................................

3.1.1 ( )
3.1.2 ( )
3.1.3 ( )
3.1.4 ( )
( 5)
3.1.5 ( )
3.2 ( 3.2.2)
3.2.1 (Tank Farm)

3.2.1.1 ( ) (Inventory Sheet)

3.2.1.2 ( ) (Carbon Steel)

3.2.1.3 ( ) -14 -22oC
..oC atm

4 atm
20 - 40oC
3.2.1.4 ( )

/

3.2.1.5 ( )

3.2.1.6
( ) Explosion Proof
( )
( ) (Level Control)
( )
/
( )
3.2.1.7
( )
( )
( ) 3 3.8
( )
57

3.2.1.8 ( )

3.2.1.9
( )
( )

( )
( )
3.2.1.10
( )
( ) 110%
3.2.1.11 ( )
NFPA
( 4 4.1)
3.2.2

3.2.2.1 ( )
3.2.2.2 ( )
3.2.2.3 ( ) (Inventory Sheet)

3.2.2.4 ( ) 4 atm
..oC atm 20 - 40oC
3.2.2.5
( )
( )
( ) 3 3.8
( )
3.2.2.6 ( ) -

3.2.2.7
( ) Fire Proof
( ) Explosion Proof

( )
( )
/
3.2.2.8 ( )
NFPA
( 4 4.1)
58
3.3
3.3.1

3.3.1.1 ( )
3.3.1.2 ( )

3.3.1.3 ( ) (
/ Pressure Test )
3.3.2

3.3.2.1 ( )
3.3.2.2 ( )

3.3.2.3 ( ) Explosion Proof

3.3.3

3.3.3.1 ( )

3.3.3.2 ( )
3.3.3.3 ( ) 7

3.3.3.4 ( )
4.
4.1

4.1.1 ( )
4.1.2 ( )

4.1.3 ( ) 7

4.1.4 ( )

4.2

4.2.1 ( ) 7

4.2.2 ( )
4.2.3 ( )

59
5.

5.1 ( ) / 10
5.2 ( )
5.3 ( )

5.4 ( )

5.5 ( )

5.6 ( )

5.7 ( )
5.8 ( )

-

(//) ......./......./....... ........................................
...........................................
...........................................
60

BCF Bioconcentration Factor

CAS Number Chemical Abstracts Service Number
EC Number European Commission Number
EINECS European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERPG Emergency Response Planning Guideline

ERPG 1
(Without Health Effect)
1
ERPG 2
(Adverse Health Effect) (Irreversible
Health Effect)
1
ERPG 3

1
FDA Food and Drug Administration

GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

Kow Octanol-water Partition Coefficient

LC50 Lethal Concentration 50
50% 4 (
)
LD50 Lethal Dose 50
50%
(mg/kg
g/kg)
61
NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NFPA

(Diamond-shape) 4
4 (Flammability)
(Health) (Reactivity)
0 4
()
0 =
() 1 = 93 oC
0 = 2 = 93 oC
1 = 3 = 38 oC
2 = 4 = 22 oC
3 =
4 =
()
0 =
() 1 =
OXY = 2 =
ACID = 3 =
COR =
ALK = 4 =
W =
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

SCBA Self-contained Breathing Apparatus

SDS Safety Data Sheet
62
TEEL Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit

ERPG

TEEL 0 -
(Without Health Effect)
TEEL 1 -
(Mild) (Transient Health Effect)
TEEL 2 -
(Serious) (Irreversible Health Effect)
TEEL 3 -
(Potentially Life-threatening)
TLV-C Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling Exposure Limit

TLV-TWA Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average
8 40

LEL Lower Explosive Limit (
) (Ignition
Source)
LFL Lower Flammable Limit (
) (Ignition Source)
UEL Upper Explosive Limit (
) (Ignition
Source)
UFL Upper Flammable Limit (
) (Ignition Source)
63

o
C
g/l
J/g
kPa
mN/m
mg/m3
mg/kg
mg/kg-day -
mg/l
m/s
atm-m3/mol -
ppm (Parts per million)
wt%
vol%
g/m3
64
European Chemical Substances Information System (ESIS) : http://ecb.jrc.it/esis [2008, 4 July 4]

Integrated Risk Information System. Vinyl chloride (CASRN 75-01-4). 2000. Available from:
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/subst/1001.htm#quainhal
Jeffrey W. V. 1996. Hazardous substances / Safety measures / Handbooks, manuals Part A.
CRC Press.
McNeal, T. P., Olivo, C., and Begley, T.H. 2003. Determination of residual vinyl chloride and
vinylidene chloride in food packages containing polyvinyl chloride and Saran resins. 2003
FDA Science Forum. April 24-25, 2003. Washington, DC: U.S. Food and Drug
Administration.
Nicholas, P. C. 1989. Handbook of Polymer Science and Technology: Volume 1 Synthesis and
Properties. New York: Marcel Dekker
OSHA Respirator Requirements for Selected Chemicals, Vinyl Chloride [Online]. Available from:
http://www.cdc.gov/Niosh/npg/nengapdx.html#e [2008, 12 July]
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) :
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS
&p_id=18915
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) :
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10021
Russell, A. O., Marcus, V. M., Delmar, R. M., and Andrew R. C. 2004. Explosion caused by
flashing liquid in a process vessel. Journal of Hazardous Materials 115: 133 - 140.
The Dow Chemical Company. Product Safety Assessment: Vinyl Chloride Monomer[Online]
Available from: http://www.dow.com/productsafety/finder/vcm.htm [2008, August]
The National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, February 1990. National Code of
Practice for the Safe Use of Vinyl chloride. Ambassador Press Pty. Ltd.
The Risk Assessment Information System. 1993. Toxicity Summary for VINYL CHLORIDE.
http://rais.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/vinyl.shtml#t42 [2008, 14 May]
The U.S. Chemical Safety Board. 2007. CSB Issues Final Report, Safety Video on Formosa
Plastics Explosion in Illinois. Available from http://petrochemical.ihs.com/news-07Q1/csb-
formosa-explosion.jsp
The UN Water Virtual Learning Centre :
http://wvlc.uwaterloo.ca/biology447/Assignments/assignment1/vinyl_chloride/vinyl_chloride1.htm
[2008, 17 July]
UNEP publication. 2003. Vinyl Chloride Monomer. p 22.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry. 2006. Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride.
65
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2006. Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride.
Available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp20.pdf
William M. V. 2000. EPA Air Pollution Control Cost Manual, Chapter 2-Incinerators[Online].
Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/catc/dir1/cs3-2ch2.pdf
.
(Thai Provision Volume II: TP II) Restructured ADR 2003,
European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by
Road
. 2544
. .
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
(UN-GHS Version 2003) 2548.
.
2551. .. 2547 2550.
.. 2550. .. 2551.
:
.
30 (..2550)
1
.. 2535 124 143 14
.. 2550

123 101
29 2549

( 2) 124 6
16 2550

4 () 116
23 23 2542

4 118
11 6 2544

118 27 22 2549
.. 2546
120 128 7 2546
66
.. 2549
123 29
23 2549
( 2)
.. 2550 124 27 8 2550
SimaPro version 7.1, Method: CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.03 / the Netherlands, 1997
. .
5, 2544
: http://www2.diw.go.th/haz/hazard/libary/chem_label.htm
( 26 2551)
:
http://www.pcd.go.th/Download/regulation.cfm?task=s10 ( 19 2551)
: http://www. chemtrack.org
67

24
1564 () 1564 ()
1356, 0-2280-8000
1669, 0-2354-8222
1650 0-2298-2405
1784, 0-2241-7451-6 0-2243-0020-6
199, 0-2354-6858
1193, 0-2354-6007
0-2241-4049, 0-2243-6159
.91 1644, 0-2562-0033-4
.100 1137, 0-2711-9151-9
1677, 0-2369-3854

Vinyl Chloride Monomer

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Vinyl Chloride Monomer

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( Vinyl chloride monomer)

(Vinyl chloride monomer)

(Vinyl chloride monomer, VCM) 1

1-1 .. 2547 2550 3

2.2 1,1,1- (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)

( 25oC) 1 ppm = 2.56 mg/m3

National Fire Protection Association, NFPA

H < 210 J/g

4-1 (Spherical Tank)

(Stainless Steel) (Carbon Steel)

239 Hazard Identification Code

6-1 Fire Hydrant

6-2 (Water Spray)

6-3 (Gas Detector)

(Safety Data Sheet: SDS)

7. (Handling and Storage)

10. (Stability and Reactivity)

11. (Toxicological Information)

12. (Ecological Information)

13. (Disposal Considerations)

14. (Transport Information)

15. (Regulatory Information)

16. (Other Information)

(Vinyl chloride monomer) GHS

1.14 ....... .................... ..................

(//) ......./......./....... ........................................

FDA Food and Drug Administration

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

TEEL Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit

European Chemical Substances Information System (ESIS) : http://ecb.jrc.it/esis [2008, 4 July 4]

1784, 0-2241-7451-6 0-2243-0020-6

.91 1644, 0-2562-0033-4

.100 1137, 0-2711-9151-9

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