KIN TRC BAROQUE

I.BI CNH:
1.KHI NIM :
- Kin trc Baroque (Ba Rc) T barc (phin m ca t ting Php), nhng xut
x li l t ting B o Nha : "barroco", v ting Ty Ban Nha : " barrueco ",
hoc " barroco ". Trong hai th ting ny, tnh t " barroco " ch mt vin ngc
khng trn u, phn no hi d dng. Trong lnh vc kin trc, t baroque c lc
c mt ngha l k d (T in Bch khoa Php 1795).
- l mt thut ng dng m t phong cch xy dng ca thi k Baroque, bt
u vo cui th k 17, tn dng nhng ngn ng ca kin trc Phc hng ;
thng dng ph trng sc mnh ca Nh th v chnh quyn chuyn ch. N
to dng nn mt khm ph mi v hnh dng, nh sng v bng vi cng
mnh.
- Nn kin trc Barocco l s kt hp cht ch gia cc kin trc s, cc nh iu
khc, cc nh hi ha, h cng to ra mt kt qu thng nht v nhn mnh hiu
qu o nh vi mc ch lm cho chiu su su hn, chiu di di hn.
- Ngy nay, khi chng ta ni n phong cch barc trong kin trc, th ch yu l
ngh n nhp iu, n tnh nng ng, n tinh thn t do, bay bng (so vi tinh
thn c in).
* ngoi l khng thuyt trnh :
Ngh thut thi Ba rc qu tht c nt c trng l nhng hnh khi tht s tng
phn nhau, i lp vi ngh thut thi Phc hng ca tng s gin d v hi ha.
Trn th k 17 l s ging co gia nhng mt i lp khng th ha gii. Chng ta
gp li s ca ngi cuc sng nh di thi Phc hng, nhng chng ta cng li ri
vo thi cc khc vi s ph nh cuc sng v chi t th gii. D trong ngh
thut hay trong i thc, cuc sng u bng n vi v trng l cha tng c,
trong khi cng lc , cc tu vin li khuyn ngi ta trnh xa cuc i.
Mt trong nhng khu hiu ca thi Ba rc l thnh ng La tinh carpe diem, c
ngha l "Hy nm ly ngy hm nay". Cn mt thnh ng La tinh khc cng hay
c dng: memento mori, c ngha l "Hy nh rng ai ri cng s cht". Trong
hi ha, iu cng r nt, bi trong cng mt bc tranh c th thy cuc sng
tng bng try lc ht sc vi mt b xng gc di cng. nhiu kha cnh,
phong cch Ba rc c c trng l tnh ph hoa hoc khoa trng. Nhng song
song vi iu , nhiu ngi vn b m nh bi iu ngc li, l kha cnh ph
du ca cuc i. Ngha l tt c ci p ang bao quanh chng ta b kt n phi
tiu vong mt ngy no .
2. LCH S A L:
Vo u th k th 13, Roma, mt b phn nhng tn ca nh th
nhn thy s mc nt trong tn ngng nn ng ln ku gi mi ngi
cng ci cch tn gio, chng li nhng p t kht khe ca nh th v t ,
nhng tn ca o Thin Cha chia lm 2 phe, mt b phn nh i ci
cch lp ra o Tin lnh, chng i li vi o Thin cha chnh thng.
Tri qua gn 3 th k, mi n th k 16 th o Thin cha chnh thng mi tm
trn p c o Tin lnh bng v lc nhng s tht th s chng i vn c m
thm tip din v ngy cng lan rng. Phong tro Chng ci cch ca gio hi
Roma v tnh sn sinh ra ngh thut Baroque ni chung v kin trc Baroque
ni ring. N xut pht t vic Gio hi Thin cha gio a ra mt s chng
trnh chng ci cch tn gio nhm m rng thanh th, uy tn cho nh th trong
dn chng. Di s ch o ca Gio hong v gio hi, Roma hnh thnh
phong cch kin trc mi gi l Kin trc Baroque.
n gia th k XVII, phong cch Baroque tm thy biu hin th tc ca n
trong cc hnh thc cung in ln, u tin Php, vi lu i Chteau de
Maisons gn Paris thit k bi FranoisMansart, v sau trn khp chu u.
Trong th k XVII, kin trc Baroque lan truyn qua chu U v cc nc thuc
a.
3.X HI:
Trong x hi phong kin
S xut hin v dn ln mnh ca ch ngha t bn chu u
S tha hip gia vng quyn (nh vua) v thn quyn (nh th) vi sc
mnh ti chnh ca gii t sn ang ln di hnh thc t chc Nh nc
Qun ch chuyn ch xa b vai tr c tn ca cc lnh cha phong
kin
To nn sc mnh quyn lc v ti chnh xy dng cc cng trnh ca mt
nn kin trc mi
c s ng h ca nh th v nh vua, mt phong cch kin trc mi ra i
phc v cho h
II.C IM KIN TRC:
- Nn tng t tng sang to thng nht
- nh sang ng vai tr l yu t c bn lm phong ph hn cho kin trc , s
tng phn gia phn ti v sang trong khng gian l yy t thit yu trong qu
trnh t chc khng gian.
- S sinh ng thng qua nhng cch trang tr phong ph trong iu khc v hi
ha.
- hnh elip , oval v nhng ng cong phc tp to n tng chuyn ng mt
cch mnh m , nhiu hng khi
1.C IM CHUNG:
a. MT NG:
- Trang tr hnh Oval V cnh un: c 2 cnh un hai bn tr thnh kiu mu
cho nhiu nh th.
- nguyn tc b cc i xng a trc.
- s dng hnh thc trn tng tam gic,
- Trong kin trc Barocco cc thc ct u c kch thc ln hn v hai cp
b tr vung. thng chng cao hai tng.
- Nhiu nt un ln ca nhng dy tng di n ci gc nh khut cao trn
trn. Mng trung tm c nhn mnh bi mt ca ra vo.
- Ca s ln hnh ch nht, mt s ca b hn hnh trn, na trn hay hnh
oval, nhng thanh chng un ln, khng gian bn trong lu chy t do nh
sn sng to nn cm gic vn ng.
- c cu trc i xng v c chia thnh ba phn theo c phng ngang ln
phng ng.
- 3 phn chnh c xc nh theo chiu dc t thp ln cao : phn pha trn
s dng cc hnh thc pha trn, phn gia c nhn mnh thng qua ban
cng v cc hc tng, phn di c y ra mt cht gia trong khi
phn trn c a vo bn trong.
b. MT BNG:
- Mt bng hnh ch thp Latin, ch giao nhau c vm lp (chu nh hng
ca Byzantine) hay phng gng hnh oval .
- S un ln ca nhng bc tng vi nhng MB hnh oval, c nhng gc
nh cng hnh oval, tt c u giu trang tr l c im ca nh th
Baroque.
- Hnh thc i xng v chia t l phn cp.
- y Thay v nhng mt bng n nh, nh c (vung, trn) l s p
dng cc hnh khng r rng, l s ty tin trong t l ( nhng vn theo
nguyn tc c th ) nhm lm mt i s cn i nhp nhng, tnh chn tht
 hp l. Nhm bc l r ca giai tng thng tr mun dng hnh thc
ngh thut ph trng xua i cm gic v ngh ca dn chng v nhng
kh khn trong cuc sng thc t, hng lng tin ca h vo mt ci h v
siu hnh no ni th gii xa xm.
c. NGH THUT:
* NH SNG:
- Kin trc Baroque to ra nhng khng gian phc tp v nhng lung nh
sng k b c chiu khp ni m ngi ta khng th no tm ra c im
xut pht ca nh sng .Nhm ti ra s huyn b v nh sng, t nim
tin v tn ngng nh sng l s chiu gi ca cha tri.
- Ngh thut s dng nh sng gip tip. nh sng phn x qua nhiu lp, to
hiu qu th gic c o.
*TRANG TR:
- Ngh thut Barocco thng s dng loi ct thn vn ph v ci cng
nhc ca th thc kin trc m thi Phc Hng tha hng ca Hy Lp,
La M c i
- Trn cong v hay s dng hnh bu dc trong trang tr.Th php trang tr
xut hin khp ni, bng chm khc, tranh v, hoc mu, khng ch
no l khng c trang tr, khng gian y mu sc. Do Baroque thi k ny
phc v ch yu cho Gio hi l chnh nn trang tr cng mang ch v
Tn gio.
- Cc hiu ng huyn o. Trn nh thng c trang tr vi cc bc tranh
tng ln, to ra mt o nh quang hc nh nhng bc tranh ba chiu.
- c im ca kin trc Barocco l khng gian phc tp v s to ra n
tng bi nh sng m im ngun ca n c giu kn.
- thng nht v nhn mnh hiu qu o nh vi mc ch lm cho chiu su
su hn, chiu di di hn, nhng lung nh sng chuyn ng v sm
vang ca m thanh khi c pht ra d chl mt ting ng rt nh
- Nhng ct tr ln, c o gt tinh t v thanh thot; nhng mi vm hay
s giao ha tuyt diu ca mu sc v chm khc cu k; nhng cu thang
thng hoc trn vi cht liu cm thch hoc g nguyn khi, khng bao gi
trng lp v thit k m nhim vai tr trc giao thng, chuyn tip khng gian
mt cch uyn chuyn ng thi l nhng tc phm ngh thut c o th hin
c tnh ca ton b cng trnh.
=>Mi phng tin kin trc gi y u nhm vo vic ru ng, m hoc
con ngi, hng tm trng ang bt an ca ngi dn trc thi cuc vo
nhng o nh ca mt th gii vin vng. Lc ny kin trc cn c cng
 thm s tr th c lc ca iu khc v hi ha cng miu t nhng iu
huyn hoc ca tn gio.
2.CNG TRNH TIU BIU:
a. Nh th GESU ROME (1568 - 1602):
- Mt bng nh th hnh ch thp Basilica trung c . phn giao nhau ca ch
thp l phn vom ln c vn, trn c ca s mi hnh oval ly sang , nhp gia
l phng lm l, hai bn c hnh lang cho khch hang lng.
- Hnh thc ca nh th Gisu gy c nhng cm gic bt thng do s
bin ha cc mng li lm v nhng im nhn trang tr cu k, phc tp,
ko c s tp trung ch trong giy lt vo nhng dim da ca li vo m
qun i th gii thc ti.
- Ngh thut iu khc ca cc ngh nhn trn trn gio ng Roma
t n trnh tuyt ho, mi chi tit t b cc mu sc cho n ni dung,
hnh nh th hin s sng to khng gii hn ca con ngi, tt c u cu k
v sc so n kh tin.
-Mi vm c trang tr bng cc bc ph iu v hnh v miu t cc s
kin ln trong cuc i cu nhn th ca Cha Gisu, v cu tinh ca c
nhn loi theo quan im Kit gio.
Tt c u mang ngha tm linh to ln i vi cc tn cng nh s c
truyn dy cho con chu t i ny sang i khc.
Mt bc ph iu khc trn trn Nh th ca Cha (Chiesa del Ges) Roma,
ni c xem l thnh a thing ling nht ca nhng ngi theo Thin Cha
gio. Khng ch vy, ni ny cn rt gn vi Vatican, t nc duy nht trn th
gii c cng dn l cc chc sc Cng gio v cng l ni Gio hong ang
sinh sng, lm vic
3. KIN TRC QUNG TRNG:
a. Qung trng nh th St.Peter (1656-1667), tc gi Bernini
Qung trng St.Peter c mt bng hnh eclip c trc ln 200m v trc nh
130m, din tch 3,5ha. v tr trung tm l ct ghi cng, hai bn ct l 2 b
phun nc nhn mnh chiu ngang hnh eclip ln hn chiu dc, trnh cm gic
p ch i vi tn .
Chung quanh qung trng hnh e-lip v hnh thang l hng ct cun bn hng
ct thc Dorich s, c mng li ct rt dy, c kch thc ln. Trn nhng
hng ct thc Doric 284 ct ny t nhng tng trn iu khc rt trng l.
Bernini s dng liu php tng code cao t qung trng cao dn v pha
xung quanh, cho phn qung trng hnh thang cao dn v pha nh th, to nn
s hng v cho nh th.
 b. Qung trng Piazza Navona :
- T th k 17, di thi Gio Hong Innocent X, Piazza Navona l m t in
hnh v ngh thu t tuy t vi ca Rome. Ni b t nht v chim lnh qung trng
Navona l Nh th SantAgnese Agone, ni dnh ring cho nhng tn t v
o tr tui. Nhng ngi ny c cho l hy sinh ti ni y. Ta nh ni ting
vi mi vm c bao ph bi nhng bc tranh tng l ng ly.
- Khu vc qung trng c 3 i phun nc:
+ Fontana del Moro (Fontaine du Maure), pha nam
+ Fonatana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fontaine des Fleuves), trung tm, to nn im
hi t
+ Fontaine de Neptune (Fontaine des Calderari) nm pha bc
Mi i c nhng tng trang tr c chm khc cng phu, cu k t gia.
ng vin bao quanh di phun to bi nhng ng tin phn nh s giu sang
ca Rome, ba i phun to ra mt cm gic th gic thch th v lm khng kh
d chu vi nhng hi m ml m.y l m t thit k cng phu v cc k kho
lo ca Bernini. Nhng cng trnh kin trc, nhng tng i ni ting vi thit k
n tng cng vi nhng ngh thu t tuy t vi, th t s to cho qung trng
tr thnh m t thin ng nh.
- Qung trng Navona l ni thng dc t chc nhng bui l hi xa hoa,
n tip nhng v khch quyn cao chc trng hoc nhng dp thnh l. Nhng
bui biu din cng cng c o c t chc, m thanh, cnh p, khng kh
ca n tc ng mnh m n ngi tham gia. Lc hong hn, t trong cung
in v nhng nh th nhn ra l khung cnh lung linh tuyt p. Nhng m
rc long trng, hng v s nhng ngn uc, nn, n lng, c thp sng
rc
Mt s qung trng khc:
+ Qung trng Del Popolo (Piazza Del Popolo)
+ Qung trng Ty Ban Nha, Rme, (1723- 1726). Tc gi l Francesco
de Sanetis v Alessandro Specchi.
4. KIN TRC HOA VIN:
- Ph bin l khu vng m cung vi hang ro cy cao, trng nhiu hoa v
nhng mng c ln, b nc vi vi phun nc l phn bt buc phi c.
- Trong mt khu vn phi c 6 vi phun nc .
 - Pha sau cc lu i ba rc thng thy cc khu vn n ny nay vn cn
nhiu gi tr v ngh thut.
- Trc chnh ca lu i s dng l trc i xng ca khu vn.
- Vn thng c b tr trn mt khu t vung vn v c th nhn bit c
trc i xng.

Rococo
Nu phong cch Byzatine l nh cao trong ngh thut khai m khi tch, Gothic l
phong cch i u trong lnh vc pht trin v kt cu th khng th khng k n
Rococo nh phong cch bc thy v lnh vc ni tht ni chung.
TN GI

-T Rococo l s kt hp ca t rocaille (v) trong ting Php c ngha l nhng

mnh vn ln nhn; v t barocco trong ting .

Chnh phong cch "rocaille" ny c mt nh hng nht nh n phong cch

rcc, v t rococo l do ngi Php t ra.

- y l phong cch kin trc thng c cc ng cong trang tr dng v v

thng tp trung vo nhng ng nt ha tit trang tr, do vy nn mt vi nh
ph bnh ngh thut s dng t ny ng ch rng y l mt phong cch
ph phim v ch coi n nh mt tro lu thi trang; khi t Rococo c s dng
ln u Anh nm 1836, ngha thng tc ca n l "lc hu" (old-fashioned). D
vy th t gia th k 19, t ny c chp nhn bi cc nh s hc v ngh
thut. Trong khi hin nay vn c mt s tranh lun v tm nh hng ca phong
cch kin trc ny ti ngh thut ni chung th Rococo hin vn c tha nhn l
mt thi k quan trng trong lch s pht trin ca kin trc chu u.

Bt u t u th k XVIII, cc kin trc s ni tht phong cch rcay Php c

mi i sang lm vic khp cc nc u Chu, t Anh, c, o, Thy S, cho n
Nga.
Phong cch rcc l s tip ni l gch ca phong cch barc, xut pht t , c
bit l t Roma (th k XVII), nhng nh chng ta bit, trong phong cch rcc
cn c thm nh hng ca phong cch rocaille ca Php.
BI CNH
-Cui th k XVII, u th k XVIII, trong khi phong cch barc vn tip tc,
th cc nc pha bc u chu, ngi ta chuyn sang mt hng tm ti khc,
c th ni l trit hn, theo nh Borromini xng : thc hin nhng cng
trnh kin trc honh trng, lng ly, nhng ng thi giu kch tnh v giu nhp
iu. Phong cch rcc ra i trong tinh thn y, vo khong cui th k XVII,
v tn ti cho n na sau th k XVIII.
- Qu b Pompadour l i phi ca Louis XV v cng l gng mt tinh hoa ca
nc Php thi k ny, t nht v phong cch thanh lch v quyn r. T nh b
t rn luyn lm nhn tnh chuyn nghip, v thnh cng rc r khi trng
thnh l ngi tnh c yu qu nht ca Louis XV. Qu b Pompadour c vai
tr quan trng tc ng n cc quyt nh chnh tr ca c vua, v l ngi bo
tr cho trit hc, ngh thut, kin trc, c bit l cc tc phm Rococo. Nh c b
m Paris tr thnh kinh thi trang v vn minh bc nht chu u nh hng
vn c th c cm nhn ti ngy nay.
-Lc by gi , gii qu tc Php chm ch vo lc th thay v ci t b my kinh
t. i qun tinh nhu m Louis XIV tng ch huy mt cch ti ba cng nhanh
thm bi.
Rococo c thai nghn trong giai on n chi v nui nng nh hai th:
tin ca v thi gian nhng iu m gii qu tc lun tha thi.

NG DNG

Ch yu c th hin nhng cng trnh kin trc, trang tr ni tht, trang tr

g, tng nh ca nhng bit th, nh ring ca c dn, cc tp iu khc, hi ho,
phc v cho trang tr nh th thin cha gio .
The Swing Fragonard
Nh th Wieskirche,c Nh th Saint Gaul,Thy S
Cung in Schonbrunn, o
-Ch ca ngh thut rococo thng v cuc sng hng ngy vi tnh yu i
la, nhng cuc hi h vi mt phong cch nh nhng, duyn dng.
- ch tn gio lun chim v tr s mt trong cc tc phm ngh thut, th i
vi rococo nhiu ch bnh dn, gin d ca cuc sng thng ngy c a
vo
-ch thng v cuc song hang ngy vi tnh yu trai gi, nhng cuc hi h.
Ngoi ra cn mt nt khc l, trong tranh phc hng Baroque, ng nt l mt
yu t to nn hnh khi, nhng trong tranh Rococo th mu sc bt u c s
dng
- Phong thi nhe nhng duyen dng
C IM
- V kin trc phong cch rococo ni bt vi cc kiu trang tr ni tht s dng cc
ng cong un ln, phong cch ny phn ln gii hn trong trang tr cc mt
ng, facades bn ngoi.
-Gi li kiu mt bng oval ca barocco nhng l kiu mt bng bt i xng.

-Nhiu mt bng c phng n gin hnh ch nht v bo trn cc gc.

- Nh th Wallfahrtskirche Steinhausen (c): y l mt nh th c xy dng
trong giao on chuyn tip gia thi k phong cch Baroque v Rococo nn c s
giao thoa gia hai phong cch kin trc. Nh th l s kt hp mt bng ovan ca
kin trc Baroque v phong cch Nam c ( Vorarbenger Musteschema) vi hai
hng ct hai bn. Dominikus pht trin thnh mt phong cch n gin hn vi
mt bng hnh ovan v 10 cy ct vung.
- Nh th c xy li nm 1615 v trng tu nm 1652 sau 30 nm chin tranh tn
ph.
- 1726, Dominikus Zimmermann c nhn xy dng li nh th.
- 8/8/1728, chnh thc t vin gch u tin cho vic m rng nh th phc v do
nhu cu ngi hnh hng tng ln.
- Lp v hon thnh nm 1729. Ma xun nm tip theo, bt u phn va v ni
tht cho nh th.
- Ma h 1731, J. B Zimmermann- anh trai Dominikus cng hai a con bt u v
tm bch ha cho trn nh.
- 24/11/1731, nh th c giao li cho tu vin trng trong khi lp va v ni tht
cha hon thin.
- S dng nhng hnh khi nhc n nhng hnh th ng vt (s, c) v thc vt
(gc, r cy) trong thin nhin..
-Rococo c ngun gc t s kt hp gia Baroque v trang tr vn non b kiu
Php, v v s c s dng trang tr kin trc ngoi tht nh vn. Mang
n cm gic thn mt
-Mt ng bt i xng, Trang tr rt nhiu ha tit cu k, phc tp.
Cc phng thuc phong cch Rococo thng c thit k thnh mt sn phm
ngh thut tng th vi vt dng trang tr lng ly v thanh tao, nhng vt phm
iu khc nh, nhng chic gng trang tr, thm thu, ngoi ra n cn c b
sung bi nhng bc tranh tng tinh t. c gii qu tc a chung bi s sang
trng, cu k phc tp, th hin s giu sang.
- Chi tit trang tr phc tp, hnh nh thc vt, ng vt, ng cong un ln ca
sng nc, khng theo qui lut, hoa l cun xon v nhng ng cong lin tc
gn sng ,c bit hnh v s v ng cong ch S l motif c trng nht
Tc dng to s mm mi, uyn chuyn cho khng gian ni tht cng nh mt
ng bt i s kh khan, nhm chn.
-Ngh thut ni tht trng phi Rococo ng dng vi cc loi knh mu, nhng
chm n trang tr lng ly v thanh tao, nhng vt phm iu khc nh, nhng
chic gng trang tr, thm thu, rm... cn phng cn c im xuyt thm
nhng bc tranh tng tinh t to nn mt khng gian sang trng.
-S phong ph ca cc ha tit v cc con s, tnh lu ng ca cc dng, m kho
lo ca cc b mt, v 'n' lin tc cung cp ngc nhin quan st ti. Trn nh,
sn nh trompe-l'il, xut hin m trn mt bu tri ng nh, qua thin thn
bay ny, cng gp phn vo s nh nhng ca ton b. bt i s kh khan, nhm
chn
-Phong cch Rococo b chi phi v nh hng bi khiu thm m ca ph n
-Vt liu: v s, va m vng v sn mu sng , nhiu mu sc, mu hng, mu
xanh l cy v mu vng c dng lm ch o, nhng vn nh nhng, trang nh,
i nghch vi s u ti, nng n ca baroque.
-Bn cnh , cc cng trnh cn s dng gng phn chiu to hiu ng nh sng
So Snh :
Phong cch Rococo c khi u Php khng ging nh Baroque bt
u hn l chuyn n cc vng khc ca Chu u. Rococo khng phi l mt
c p dng cho kin trc bn ngoi nh l Baroque, nhng n l mt biu hin
ca ngh thut v ni tht; Trong khi trang tr kiu Baroque thng c p dng
cho ni tht nh th - bn ngoi c v o - phong cch Rococo khng
c. Baroque chp nhn l nghi chnh thc, nhng ngc li x hi di thi Louis
XV v tinh thn tng ng ca thi i Rococo mang li s thoi mi, m p,
s ring t v khng chnh thc.
Thm m hc Baroque nhn chung l nghim tc v m m; Khng phi vi
Rococo th hin s ph trng, sang trng v tng tng. Baroque mu sc c
in m, tng phn; Rococo l mt lc lng nh nhng hn vi vng v trng
ph bin khp mi ni.

nh sng nhn to v vic s dng gng l mt b phn ca thit k ni tht

trong c hai phong cch, nhng Baroque nhn mnh s tng phn m nt bng
cch s dng lm ni bt v bng ti. nh sng c mc ch cng tng t nh
phong cch Rococo nhng n c s dng to ra mt khng gian m cng -
i khi bng cc ca s Php (ca s hp cao thng c chiu cao tng, cng c
chc nng nh ca ra vo) c trang tr bng mn che v ngun sng nhn to
T nhc Baroque - di dng nn, khung treo tng, nn nga, v n chm. Nh
trong nn Baroque,
-Nhng ha tit bt chc phong cch ca mt s nc cn ng hoc vin ng
Ch yu l Trung Quc (Chinoiserie style)
Phong cch nt tht mt s nc tiu biu
D c thit k theo phong cch c in chung chu u (rococo) th k XVIII
nhng mi nc vn mang mt c trng ring.
*Phong cch Php
i din l kiu ni tht thi vua Louis XIV v XV, mang mt v p tinh t v
lng mngnhng chic bn, gh t hay ging u nhn mnh vo ng cong
duyn dng, ho tit trang tr t m. im ni bt ca nt tht php l s dng mu
sng, hoa vn hnh l, hoa hng hoc chim mung dp nichm tr hay v. ch cn
nhn chn bn, gh c dng cong ch S, bn s bit l ni tht kie kiu Php.

*Phong cch
Ngoi vic nhn mnh vo nhng ng ln cong ni tay gh chm vin, ni tht
phong cch cng mang mt v sang trng, s dng mu sc sang trng hn. Hai
gam mu en v vng l c trng ca phong cch trang tr ni tht ny. nhng m
tup hnh hc, hoa l trang tr c thu hoc cm khc tinh t trn mi sn phm
ni tht. y l mt c trng ca .
*Ni tht Rococo cc nc c, o, Thy S
Ti c v o, phong cch Rococo c ng dng vo nhng cng trnh ni tht
kiu Baroc trong cc nh th v cung in. i din tiu biu cho phong cch
rococo c l cng trnh nh th Birnau (Kts: peter Thumb, ngi o) nh th
c xy dng ti vng h Constance, nm gia gianh gii ba nc c, o v
thu s, y l mt trong nhng kit tc ca kin trc rococo. hi t s tinh
t ca phong cch rococo.
Nh th Wies, vi tn gi chnh thc l nh th Pilgrimage l nh th mang phong
cch Rococo p nht vng Bavaria (c) v trn th gii. Nh th c hon
thnh vo nm 1754 bi thit k ca anh em Dominikus Johann v tr
thnh kit tc ca ngh thut Rococo th k 18

MT S CNG TRNH TIU BIU

Nh th Birnau (Kts: peter Thumb, ngi o)
Ti c v o, phong cch Rococo c ng dng vo nhng cng trnh ni tht
kiu Baroc trong cc nh th v cung in. i din tiu biu cho phong cch
rococo c l cng trnh nh th Birnau (Kts: peter Thumb, ngi o) nh th
c xy dng ti vng h Constance, nm gia gianh gii ba nc c, o v
thu s, y l mt trong nhng kit tc ca kin trc rococo.
HALL OF THE MIRRO VERSAILLES
L cng trnh ni bt thi vua Louis XIV , chin dch xy dng ta nh th ba ca
Php trong Cung in Versailles (1678-1684)
Mi vm c cha 21 tm gng vi tng cng 357 chic c s dng trong trang
tr
Hall of Mirrors l biu tng ca cung in ln ca Php, mt cn phng di v
sng sa cho n nh mt tri t mt bn, phn tn n ti mi gc t bn kia, v
gi nh sng chi li ca nhng ngn n chm tuyt p t trn nh.

Cung in Nymphenburg( c)
-c xem l mt trong cc lu i p nht trn th gii v c s kt hp hi ha
c nht v nh gia cng trnh kin trc v cng vin lu i.
- Trong mt thi gian di lu i tng l dinh th ma h ca dng h nh
Wittelsbach v cng vi Cng vin lu i Nymphenburg l mt trong cc thng
cnh ni ting nht ca c.

-Nm 1664 xy dng bt u k hoch ca kin trc s Bc

Agostino Barelli, ngi cng thit k nh th Theatine Munich.

Bn trong ca ta nh pha nam l phng tranh ni ting ca vua

Ludwig I ca Bayern. Theo yu cu ca vua, ngi ha s hong
gia Joseph Karl Stieler v chn dung ca 36 ngi ph n p
nht t tt c cc tng lp x hi ca thnh ph Mnchen. Ni
ting nht l chn dung ca ngi con gi th giy Helene
Sedlmayr cng nh l ngi tnh ca vua Ludwig: v n Lola
Montez

NH TH WIES ( C)

-L mt nh th hnh tri xoan theo kiu kin trc rococo, nm

trn i thp di chn dy ni Alpes (C)

- Vic xy dng din ra t nm 1745 ti 1754. Phn ni tht c

trang tr bng loi va stucco theo truyn thng ca trng phi
Wessobrunner. "Tt c c lm cho nh th lm cho (hin tng)
siu nhin c th nhn thy c. Cc tng iu khc v cc
tranh tng phi hp vi nhau sao cho tnh thn thnh thing
ling th hin dng c th thy c"
LU I CHARLOTTENBURG ( C)

L cung in ln nht Berlin, c, v l dinh th hong gia duy nht cn tn ti

c nin i t thi tr v ca Vng triu Hohenzollern. N nm khu
Charlottenburg ca qun Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.

Cung in c xy dng vo cui th k 17 v c m rng ng k trong

th k 18. N bao gm nhiu trang tr ni tht k l theo phong cch baroque v
rococo. Chnh thc khu vn ln bao quanh bi rng c thm vo pha sau
cung in, bao gm c mt belvedere, lng m, mt nh ht v mt gian hng.

KIN TRC KINH IN PHP.

BI CNH LCH S
- T u tk 17 n cui tk 18
- Chuyn dn t ch phong kin sang ch sn xut t bn cng nghip
 - S n nh ca th ch chuyn ch tp quyn trung ng v s y mnh
sn xut t bn ch ngha a nc Php ln cng thnh v gi vai tr
lnh o chu u
Ngun gc
- C s trit hc: tk 16 17, khoa hc t nhin pht trin mnh => kinh
nghim lun DUY VT CH NGHA (Francis Bacon v Thomas Hoppes)
v DUY L LUN (Rene Descates) khn nh rng th gii khch quan l
c th nhn thc c, nhn mnh tc dng ca l tnh
Cho rng tnh chn l c th tuyt i ng da vo l cn c duy nht
ca phng php lun, khn nh hnh hc v s hc c th dung cho tt c
mi tri thc, l mn khoa hc then cht ch yu
=> S my mc ca qu trnh pht trin khoa hc, nhng cng ng thi phn
i nhng quan nim thn hc m mui, trit hc kinh vin, m ra bc tin b
cho khtn
- M hc: thit lp mt qui tc v tiu chun ngh thut nghim khc, c cn
c v h thng trn c s l tnh khng da vo cm tnh. Ci quan trng l
kt cu phi r rang v chnh xc nh ton hc, Khng tha nhn tr tng
tng v t nhin
=> Nhng quan nim trn thm nhun vo cc hot ng vn ha ngh thut
Php tk 17, tr thnh c s l lun tro lu ngh thut xy dng
- Chnh tr: na sau tk 17, ch qun ch tuyt i xy dng mt ch
thng tr h khc, nghe li vua l chnh, s dng vn hc, ngh thut v kin
trc cng c tinh thn trung qun i quc
Vua thnh lp cc hc vin khoa hc, ngh thut, kin trc nhm xy
dng cc nguyn tc nghim khc trn mi lnh vc => khng nh nn qun
ch tuyt i
=> Hnh thnh nn vn ha cung nh v tro lu ngh thut duy l ch ngha
cung nh = ch ngha c in
C IM KIN TRC CHUNG:
- Tip tc khai thc tinh hoa ca kin trc c in Hy Lp - La M, trong thc
ct l nhn t quan trng nht, v l c s cho cc t hp kin trc.
- Nhn mnh tnh cht trang nghim, i xng ca qun th v tng cng trnh
kin trc ring l, th php s dng trc i xng lun c vn dng chi phi
mi gii php b cc
 - Gii php b cc tun th nhng nim lut cht ch to nn logic ca ton th
cng trnh. Ngi ta phn chia cng trnh theo chiu ngang hoc chiu ng thnh
nhng phn hoc nhng khi kin trc khc nhau, vi tng quan t l c rng
khc nhau. Kiu phn chia ph bin nht l mt bng hoc mt ng cng trnh
c chia thnh ba, nm hoc by phn, nhng s on c chia phi l s l,
khi trung tm nm trn trc chnh.
TH LOI C TRNG :
- Cung in : Palace of Versailles, Louvre Palace
- Hoa vin : Versailles, Tuileries
NGH THUT CUNG NH:
1. CUNG IN LOUVRE(1546 1756)
- c im:
+Kin trc cung in Louvre l mt cng trnh s gm mt ta kin trc kiu
sn vung v hai cnh Bc v Nam di ti 500m
+Ta nh di 172m cao 29m mt ng pha ng ca phng vin l biu tng
tiu biu nht cho s thng li ca ch ngha c in di thi tuyt i qun
quyn.
+ Mt ng nh c phn v ngang, t di ln chia lm 3 phn theo t l 2:3:1(c -
rng c):
Tng 1 lm b c to hnh vng chc.
Phn gia thng sut 2 tng l hnh lang ct kp thc coric ( ct cao
12,2m)
Phn th 3 trn cng l dim mi
+ Mt ng nh c phn v dc chia lm 5 on vi cc khi c-rng-c-rng-
c kt hp vi s dng thc ct i tn dng nt p ca kin trc c, ng thi
tch lp khng gian trn mt ng.
Qua cch chia nh vy cng trnh c phn chnh ph r rng ni bt c c th
ch th.
- Vi hnh thc n gin v nghim tc, tnh cht hnh hc chun xc, t hp thc
ct nghim ngt, in Louvre xng ng l tc phm tiu biu ca ngh thut
th v kin trc thi k tuyt i qun quyn.
- Trong thi gian Cng x Paris, nm 1871 cung in Tuileries b chy ton b buc
ngi ta phi san phng v xy dng vn Tuileries thay th. T giai on
tr i Louvre c hnh dng kin trc nh hin nay.
 2. Cung in Versailles
- C IM
- Vi din tch khong 67.000 m2 v cc cng trnh kin trc cc k s,
lng ly cng nh ch cch th Paris c 20 km v pha Ty Nam, cung
in Versailles c coi l biu tng ca quyn uy ti thng ca cc triu
i phong kin Php.
- Cung in Versailles bao gm 4 khu vc thnh phn ln : bn thn in
Versailles, h thng ng x pha ng in Versailles hng v Paris,h
thng vn pha Ty in Versailles v khu vc in Trianon phi Bc.
- Mt h thng trc c xuyn sut ba khu vc in Versailles, cc tuyn
ng pha ng v qun trng qun i v h thng vn cng vin phi
Ty to mt s i xng gy n tng ,mnh, h thng ng s c t
chc vi c o : Ba i l tn x t hong cung hng v pha Saint
Clou( hng ng Bc), pha Paris ( hng ng), v pha ( ng
-Nam) ba tuyn ng ny tn x tng trng cho s hi t t Paris, Php
v pha Versailles.
- Qung trng quan i c xy dng duyt binh, i l hng v Paris
c phn u di 3km c trc trng vi trc chnh ca c khu vc Versailles
c thit k thng bng trn c t nhiu qung trng nh. Hai tuyn
ng Xanh Saint Clou v Cseau hng v cc ly cung.
- Cch t chc kiu cc tuyn ng tn x nh vy l mt th php mi
trong xy dng th, sau c m phng hc tp r nhiu cc nc
nhm to nn s trang nhim cho cc u giao thng.
- Mt ng nh c phng v ngang, t di ln chia lm 3 phn theo t l
2:3:1(c - rng c):
*Tng 1 lm b c to hnh vng chc
*Phn gia thng sut 2 tng l hnh lang ct kp thc coric
(ct cao)
*Phn th 3 trn cng nh nhng
- Mt ng nh c phn v dc chia lm 7 on vi cc khi rng-c-rng-c-
rng-c-rng kt hp vi s dng thc ct i tn dng nt p ca kin trc c,
ng thi tch lp khng gian trn mt ng.
NGH THUT HOA VIN:
1. Vn Versailles
- Pha Ty in l khu vc vn , cng vin ni ting do Andre Le Notre thit
k, y l kin trc s s mt ca thi i ng thi . Louis mun Phong
cch v i ca mnh c biu hin vo ngh thut hoa vin nn to
iu kin cho Le Notre qua thit k vn, cng vin Versailles thc hin l
 tng ca mnh mt cch quy m. Nhng khu vn ny c quy hoch
theo hnh dng hnh hc, c trc chnh, trc ph r rng. trc chnh , c b
tr cc b nc, tng , bc tam cp, Cy ci c ct xn cng phu v c
trng thnh tng mng ln, c bo611 cc hoa vn ngay ngn trt t.
- Coi nhng mnh t rng hang tram hecta nh mt chnh th x l cnh
quan, mo6t4 mt b phn trong ngh thut ha vin u c nghin cu
trong tng th thng nht.
- T chc mng li ng chun mc, trn mi trc ng u c i cnh
lien h cc b phn ca vn ra rng.
- Thit k chi tit cc vi phun nc, b cnh, ln nc chy, ho rnh nc,
bc thang nc chy vn qu, vn cnh, tng, ta xn cy ty theo
a dim, ln , mu sc , hnh dng, theo mng, khi hnh hc.
- Vn cng vin c hnh dng hnh hc r rng , c trc mch lc , c quan
h ch yu v th yu.
- Trn cc trc ng chnh c b tr theo ch , i cnh cui cng thng
kt thc l nhng cng trnh lin trc, trn nhng trc ng ph c b tr
theo quy lut hnh hc, nhng ch giao ct nhau c b tr thng lang cun
ct, tng hoc chi ngh; to nhng thm c xanh gia cc mng li
ng hnh hc.
- nh hng ca b cc th kiu Versailles v ngh thut hoa vin Php
ng thi c tc dng chu u ti hang tram nm sau.
NGHA CA L LUN KIN TRC C IN PHP
- Tin tng vo qui lut khch quan v c th nhn thc c
- ra nhng nguyn tc l tnh v tnh chn thc, logic, trc trit, gin khit,
hi ha
- Chng li c s ri ren ca kin trc Baroc Italia rt thnh hnh trc ,
cng nh ch ngh ch quan v c nhn trong kin trc
HN CH: C sy tnh cht k nim, honh trng ca kin trc La M, ph nh
kin trc dn gian dn tc, mit th nhng thnh tu ca kin trc Gotic trc ,
sa vo ch ngha gio iu vi nhng lp lun ch phc v cho ch chuyn ch