Odredeni integrali

Osnovne osobine odredenog integrala:

Z a
10 f (x)dx = 0 ,
a
Z b Z a
20 f (x)dx = f (x)dx ,
a b
Z b Z c Z b
30 f (x)dx = f (x)dx + f (x)dx ,
a a c
Z b Z b Z b


40 f (x) + g(x) dx = f (x)dx + g(x)dx ,
a a a
Z b b

50 f (x)dx = F (x) = F (b) F (a), gde je F 0 (x) = f (x),
a a


60 Ako je f parna funkcija f (x) = f (x), x R , tada je
Z a Z a
f (x)dx = 2 f (x)dx,
a 0


70 Ako je f neparna funkcija f (x) = f (x), x R , tada je
Z a
f (x)dx = 0,
a


80 Ako je f periodicna funkcija sa periodom T f (x + T ) = f (x), x R ,
Z a+T Z T
tada je f (x)dx = f (x)dx.
a 0

Cuvajmo drvece. Nemojte stampati ovaj materijal, ukoliko to nije neophodno.

1
2

Osnovne metode integracije:

METOD SMENE
Z   Z
b  x = u(t) t = (x) 
f (x)dx =  =
 f (u(t))u0 (t)dt.
a = (a) = (b)

METOD PARCIJALNE INTEGRACIJE

Z b b Z b

udv = uv  vdu.
a a a

Primena odredenog integrala:

POVRSINA RAVNE FIGURE

Neka je f (x) 0 za x [a, b]. Povrsina
krivolinijskog trapeza ogranicenog krivom
f HxL
y = f (x), pravama x = a, x = b i xosom,
iznosi Z b
S= f (x)dx.
S
a
a b

a b
Ukoliko je f (x) 0 za x [a, b], tada je
Z b S
S= f (x)dx.
a
f HxL

f HxL

Z b
S= |f (x)|dx. a b
a
S
 3

DUZINA LUKA KRIVE

Duzina luka krive f (x) od tacke na grafiku
sa apscisom a do tacke na grafiku sa apsci-
som b, iznosi f HxL l
Z bq

2
l= 1 + f 0 (x) dx.
a
a b

POVRSINA I ZAPREMINA ROTACIONOG TELA

Povrsina i zapremina tela nastalog rotacijom dela luka krive f (x) oko ko-
ordinatnih osa izracunavaju se sa:

Z b
Vx = f (x)2 dx,
a
Z b q
2
Px = 2 f (x) 1+ f 0 (x) dx.
a

Z b
Vy = 2 xf (x)dx
a
Z d
= x(y)2 dy,
c
Z d q
2
Py = 2 x(y) 1+ x0 (y) dy.
c

Zadaci
1. Odrediti sledece integrale (a > 0) :
Z 1 Z 3 Z 1
0

3 3 0 dx 0 dx
1 x(x + 1) dx 2 2
3 2
0 1 x 0 1+x
Z 65 Z ap Z 4r
dx x+2
40
50 a2 x2 dx 60 dx
2
3 6
x1 x1+ x1 0 2 x1
4
Z 1 Z 1

Resenje: 10 3
x(x + 1)3 dx = x1/3 (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1)dx
0 0

Z  x13/3
1
x10/3 x7/3 x4/3 1
= (x10/3 + 3x7/3 + 3x4/3 + x1/3 )dx = +3 +3 + 
0 13/3 10/3 7/3 4/3 0

3 9 9 3
= + + + .
13 10 7 4

Z 3
dx 1 3 1 2
20 2
=  = +1= .
1 x x 1 3 3

Z 1 1
dx 
30 = arctan x  = .
0 1 + x2 0 4

Z  6 
65
dx  t =x1 dx = 6t 5 dt 
40

=  
3
x1 6x1+ x1  2 7 2 1 = 1 65 7 65 1 = 2
6 6 
2
Z 2 Z 2 2 Z 2 Z 2
t2 t +11 dt
=6 2
dt = 6 2
dt = 6 dt 6 2
1 1+t 1 1+t 1 1 1+t
2 2 3
 
= 6t 6 arctan t = + 6(1 arctan 2).
1 1 2

Z ap   Z /2p
 x = a sin t dx = a cos t dt 
50
a2 x2 dx =  =a
 a2 a2 sin2 t cos t dt
0 0 7 0 a 7 /2 0
Z /2 Z /2
2 2 2 1+cos 2t a /2 a2
2 /2 a2

=a cos t dt = a dt = t sin 2t = .
0 0 2 2 0 4 0 4
 5

Z r  q  Z 2
4
x+2  x+2 6t dt  t2
 t = x1 dx = (t2 1)2 
60 dx =   = 6 dt
2 x1  2 7 2 4 7 2  2 (t2 1)2
Z 2  
t2  u=t dv = (t2t1)
dt 
 2 
=6 2 2
dt =  1 
2 (t 1)  du = dt v = 2(t2 1) 

3t 2
Z 2
dt 3  t 1 2
 
= 2  + 3 2 = 3 2 2 + log  
t 1 2 2 t 1 2 t + 1 2

2+1
= 3 2 2 + 3 log .
3

2. Odrediti sledece integrale (n N) :

Z Z /2 Z /3
0 0 x 0 dx
1 sin x sin 3x dx 2 cos x sin dx 3 2 4
0 0 2 /6 sin x cos x
Z /6 Z Z /4
sin x cos x dx
40 (2x1) sin 3x dx 50 x2 cos nx dx 60
0 0 2 sin2 x5 cos2 x

Z Z
1
Resenje: 10 sin x sin 3x dx = (cos 2x cos 4x)dx
0 2 0  1 
1  
= sin 2x sin 4x = 0.
4 0 8 0

Z Z
/2
x 1 /2 3x x x /2 1 3x /2
20 cos x sin dx = sin sin dx = cos  cos 
0 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 3 2 0
2
= ( 2 1) .
3

Z Z  
/3
dx /3
sin2 x + cos2 x dx  1 = 1 + tan2 x 
 2 
30 2 = 2 2
=  cos1 x 1+tan2 x 
/6 sin x cos4 x /6
2
sin x cos x cos x  sin2 x
= tan2 x 
Z /3 
1 
= 2 + tan2 x + d(tan x)
/6 tan2 x

1 3 1 /3 80 3
= 2 tan x + tan x  = .
3 tan x /6 27
6

Z  
/6  u = 2x 1 dv = sin 3x 
40
(2x 1) sin 3x dx =  
0 du = 2dx dx v = 3 cos 3x 
1

/6 Z /6
1 2x  2 /6 1 2  1
= cos 3x + cos 3x dx = + sin 3x = .
3 0 3 0 3 9 0 9

Z Z  
 u = x2 dv = cos nx dx 
50 2
x cos nx dx = 2 x cos nx dx =  2 

0 du = 2x dx v = n1 sin nx
 4 Z Z
2  4
= x2 sin nx x sin nx dx = x sin nx dx
n 0 n 0 n 0
   4 Z
u=x dv = sin nx dx  4 
= = x cos nx 2 cos nx dx
du = dx v = n1 cos nx  n2 0 n 0
4 4  4

= (1)n 2 3 sin nx = (1)n 2 .
n n 0 n

Z  
/4
sin x cos x dx  t = 2 sin2 x5 cos2 x dt = 14 sin x cos x dx 
60
=  
0 2 sin2 x 5 cos2 x  0 7 5 /4 7 3/2 
Z 3/2 3/2
1 dt 1  1 10
= = log |t| = log .
14 5 t 14 5 14 3

3. Odrediti sledece integrale:

Z Z
sin2 x
10 sin2 x dx 20 dx
0 0 2(1+cos x)
Z p Z /2p
30 sin xsin3 x dx 40 cos xcos3 x dx
0 /2
Z /2 Z 1007
dx
50 60 1cos 2x dx
0 (2+cos x)(3+cos x) 0

Z Z

2

1cos 2x 1  1 

Resenje: 10 sin x dx = dx = x sin 2x = .
0 0 2 2 0 4 0 2
 7

Z Z sin2 x Z Z

sin2 x cos2 x2
x
1cos x
20 dx = 2
dx = sin2 dx = dx = .
0 2(1+cos x) 0 cos2 x2 0 2 0 2 2

Z p Z q Z
0 3 2
3 sin xsin x dx = sin x(1sin x) dx = sin x| cos x| dx
0 0 0
Z /2 Z  
 t = sin x dt = cos x dx 
= sin x cos x dx sin x cos x dx =   
0
7 0, /2
7 1,
7 0 
0 /2
Z 1 Z 0 Z 1
t3/2 1 4
= t dt t dt = 2 t dt = 2  = .
0 1 0 3/2 0 3

Z /2p
4
40 cos xcos3 x dx = .
/2 3

Z /2 Z /2
dx (3+cos x)(2+cos x)
50 = dx
0 (2+cos x)(3+cos x) 0 (2+cos x)(3+cos x)
Z /2 Z /2  
dx dx  t = tan x dx = 2dt2 
= = 2 1+t 
0 2+cos x 0 3+cos x  0 7 0 /2 7 1 
Z 1 Z 1
dt dt 2 t 1 1 t 1
=2 2
2 2
= arctan  arctan 
0 3+t 0 4 + 2t 3 3 0 2 2 0
1 1
= arctan .
3 3 2 2

Z 1007 Z 1007 Z
0
6 1cos 2x dx= 2 | sin x|dx = 1007 2 sin x dx
0 0 0


=1007 2 cos x = 2014 2 .
0
8

4. Odrediti sledece integrale:

Z /4 Z /4
3 tan x + 1
10 dx 2 0 tan2 x dx
0 3 tan x 0
Z 1 Z 6
0 x log(x + 1 + x2 ) 2+x
3 dx 40 x log dx
0 1 + x2 4 2x
Z log 5 x x Z 1 x x
0 e e 1 0 e e +3
5 x+2
dx 6 dx
0 e 0
3 x
e +3
Z  
/4
3 tan x + 1  t = tan x dx = dt 2 
Resenje: 10 dx =   1+t 
0 3 tan x 07 0 /4 7 1 
Z 1 Z 1 2
3t + 1 t + 1 + t(3 t)
= 2
dt = dt
0 (3 t)(1 + t ) 0 (3 t)(1 + t2 )
Z 1 Z 1 1 1 1
dt t dt  2 
= + 2+1
= log |3 t| + log |t + 1|
0 3 t 0 t 0 2 0
3
= log .
2

Z /4 Z /4 /4
0 2 1 cos2 x 
2 tan x dx = 2
dx = (tan x x) =1 .
0 0 cos x 0 4

 
Z  u = log(x + 1 + x2 ) dv = x dx 
1 2
x log(x + 1 + x )  1+x2 
30 dx =  
0 1 + x2 dx
 du = 1+x v = 1 + x 2 
2

p p 1 Z 1

= 1 + x2 log(x + 1 + x2 ) dx = 2 log(1 + 2) 1.
0 0

Z   Z 6 2
6
x+2  u = log x+2 dv = x dx  x2 x+2 6 x
 
40 x log dx =  x2
4dx x2 = log  +2 2
dx
4 x2  du = 4x2 v= 2  2 x2 4 4 x 4
Z 6 2
x 4+4
= 18 log 2 8 log 3 + 2 dx
4 x2 4
6 x + 2 6

= 18 log 2 8 log 3 + 2x 2 log  = 16 log 2 6 log 3 + 4.
4 x2 4
 9

Z   Z
log 5
ex ex 1  t = ex 1 2t dt = ex dx  2
t2
50 
dx =  =2 dt
ex + 2 0 7 0 log 5 7 2  t2 + 3
0 0
Z 2 2 
t +33 t 2 2
=2 dt = 2 t 3 arctan  = 4 2 3 arctan .
0 t2 + 3 3 0 3

Z  6  Z 6
log 2
ex ex + 3  t = ex + 3 6t5 dt = ex dx  5
60
dx=  6
=6
 t6 dt
0
3 x
e +3 0 7 4 log 2 7 6 5 6
4

6 7  5 6
6
6 6


= t  = 5 54 4 .
7 6
4 7

5. Izracunati vrednost integrala

Z + Z +
I1 = f (x) cos x dx, I2 = f (x) sin x dx,

pri cemu je funkcija f (x) data sa


1 |x|, 1 x 1,
f (x) =
0, x < 1 x > 1.

Resenje: Kako je f (x) = 0 za x

/ [1, 1], to je onda i

f (x) cos x = 0, f (x) sin x = 0 za x

/ [1, 1].

Integral I1 tada glasi

Z + Z 1 Z 1


I1 = f (x) cos x dx = f (x) cos x dx = 1 |x| cos x dx
1 1
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1


=2 1 x cos x dx = 2 cos x dx 2 x cos x dx
0 Z 1 0  0 
1  u=x 
 dv = cos x dx
= 2 sin x 2 x cos x dx =  

0 0 du = dx v = sin x
 1 Z 1  1
 
= 2 sin 1 2 x sin x sin x dx = 2 cos x = 2(1 cos 1).
0 0 0
10

S obzirom da je f (x) sin x neparna funkcija, to je I2 = 0.

6. Izracunati integrale
Z Z
cos nx cos mx dx, i sin nx sin mx dx,

gde su n, m N i vazi
a) n = m = 0; b) n = m 6= 0; c) n 6= m.

Resenje: Oznacimo
Z Z
In,m = cos nx cos mx dx, Jn,m = sin nx sin mx dx.

Z
a) I0,0 = dx = 2, J0,0 = 0.

Z Z Z
b) In,n = cos2 nx dx = 2 cos2 nx dx = (1 + cos 2nx)dx
0 0
 1 

= x+ sin 2nx  = .
2n 0

Z Z Z
Jn,n = sin2 nx dx = 2 sin2 nx dx = (1 cos 2nx)dx
0 0
 1 

= x sin 2nx  = .
2n 0

Z Z

c) In,m = cos nx cos mx dx = cos(n m)x + cos(n + m)x dx
0
1  1 
 
= sin(n m)x + sin(n + m)x = 0.
nm 0 n+m 0

Z Z

Jn,m = sin nx sin mx dx = cos(n m)x cos(n + m)x dx
0
1  1 
 
= sin(n m)x sin(n + m)x = 0.
nm 0 n+m 0
 11

Z e
7. Dat je integral In = x(log x)n dx, n N0 .
1

a) Izracunati I0 i I1 .

b) Odrediti an i bn u relaciji In = an In1 + bn .

c) Naci vrednost integrala I3 .

Z e
x2 e e2 1
Resenje: a) I0 = xdx =  = .
1 2 1 2
Z   e 1 Z e
e  u = log x dv = x dx  x2 
I1 = x log x dx =  2
=
 log x  x dx
1 du = dx
x v = x2 2 1 2 1
e2 + 1
= .
4

Z  
e  u = (log x)n dv = x dx 
b) In = x(log x) dx = 
n
2

1 du = n(log x)n1 dx
x v = x2
x2 e n e 2 n

= (log x)n  In1 = In1 ,
2 1 2 2 2
n e2
an = , bn = .
2 2

e2 3 e2 3  e2  e2 + 3
c) I3 = I2 = I1 = .
2 2 2 2 2 8

8. Odrediti koeficijente an i bn u relaciji In+2 = an In+1 + bn In , n N0 , gde je

Z 1
In = (1 x2 )n/2 dx, n N0 .
0

Izracunati vrednost integrala I3 .

12

Z 1 Z 1
n+2 n
2
Resenje: In+2 = (1 x ) 2 (1 x2 )(1 x2 ) 2 dx
dx =
0 0  
Z 1 u=x 2) n 
n  dv = x(1x 2 dx 
=In x2 (1 x2 ) 2 dx =  1 2 n+2 
0  du = dx v = n+2 (1x ) 2 
x 
n+2  1 1 1
=In + (1 x2 ) 2  In+2 = In In+2 .
n+2 0 n+2 n+2

n+3 n+2
In+2 = In = In+2 = In
n+2 n+3
n+2
an = 0, bn = .
n+3
Z 1p
  Z
 x = sin t dx = cos t dt  /2
I1 = 1 x2 dx =  =
 cos2 t dt
0 07 0 1 7 /2 0
Z /2
1
= (1 + cos 2t)dt = .
2 0 4

3 3
I3 = I1 = .
4 16

9. Dati geometrijsku interpretaciju odredenog integrala,

a zatim izracunati
povrsinu figure ogranicene lukom krive f (x) = e x e x , pravom x = 1 i
xosom.

Z  
1  t = x 2t dt = dx 


Resenje: S= e e x
dx = 
x 
0 7 0 1 7 1 
0
Z 1 


u=t dv = et et dt 
t t
= 2 t e e dt =  
du = dt v = et +et 
0
Z

1
f HxL
1

S = 2t et +et  2 et +et dt
0 0
2
1 4
= 2e + 2 et et  = .
1

e 0 e

10. Izracunati povrsinu figure ogranicene linijama y = log x, y = 1, x = 4,

kao i zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom figure oko xose.
 13

Resenje:

Z 4 Z 4 Z 4 Z 4



S= f (x) 1 dx = log x 1 dx = log x dx dx
1 1 1 1
  4 4
 u = log x dv = dx   
=  
 = x log x 3 x  = 4 log 4 6.
du = dxx v = x 1 1
Z 4 Z 4  

2
2  u = log x1 dv = (log x1)dx 
Vx = f (x)1 dx = log x1 dx =   
du = dx
v = x(log x2) 
1 1 x
4 Z 4

= x(log x 1)(log x 2) (log x 2)dx = 4(log 4 2)2 1.
1 1

11. Odrediti povrsinu figure ogranicene lukom krive

1
f (x) = , x [2, 4]
2
x +x2
i xosom, a zatim izracunati zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom tog luka oko
xose.
Resenje:
Z 4 Z 4
dx dx
S= = p
2
x +x2 (x + 2)(x 1)
2 2
 p 
 t(x+2) = (x+2)(x1) dx = 6t dt 
 ) 
(1t 2 2
=
 2 7 1/2 4 7 1/ 2 
Z 1/2 1/2
dt 1 + t 
=2 = log
1/2 1 t
2 1 t 1/2
 2 2
= log 1+ .
3
14

Z 4 Z
dx 4 x + 2 (x 1)
Vx = 2
= dx
2 x +x2 3 2 (x + 2)(x 1)
Z Z 
4 dx 4 dx x 1 4
= = log = log 2.
3 2 x1 3 2 x+2 3 x + 2 2 3

12. Data je funkcija

x
f (x) = .
1 + x2

Izracunati povrsinu figure ogranicene krivom f (x), xosom i pravom x = 1.

Izracunati zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom date figure oko xose.

Resenje:
Z 
1
x dx 1 1
2  1
S= 2
= log(1 + x ) = log 2.
0 1+x 2 0 2
Z 1  
x2  u=x x dx
dv = (1+x 
 2 )2 
Vx = 2 2
dx =  1 
0 (1 + x )  du = dx v = 2(1+x2 ) 
1 1 dxZ
x 
=  +
2(1 + x ) 0 2 0 1 + x2
2

1 2

= + arctan x = .
4 2 0 8 4

13. Izracunati povrsinu figure ogranicene lukovima krivih f1 (x) = x2 2x +

2, f2 (x) = x2 + 4x + 5 i y = 1. Izracunati zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom
oko xose ove figure.

Resenje: Odredimo najpre presecnu tacku grafika krivih f1 i f2 :

x2 2x + 2 = x2 + 4x + 5 x = 1/2.

Primetimo da je slika simetricna u odnosu na pravu x = 1/2.

 15

Z 1/2 Z 1
S= f2 (x)dx + f1 (x)dx
2 1/2
Z 1

=2 x2 2x + 2 dx
1/2
 x3 1 21

=2 x2 + 2x  = .
3 1/2 4
Z 1 Z 1
2
Vx = 2 f1 (x)2 dx = 2 x2 2x + 2 dx
1/2 1/2
Z 1
2 843
= 2 (x 1)2 + 1 dx = .
1/2 80

14. Izracunati zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom luka krive y(x) = cos2 x, x
[/2, /2] oko xose.

Resenje:
Z /2 Z /2 Z /2

Vx = cos4 x dx = 2 cos4 x dx = (1 + cos 2x)2 dx
/2 0 2 0
Z /2 
1 + cos 4x  3 2
= 1 + 2 cos 2x + dx = .
2 0 2 8

15. Izracunati zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom oko xose figure ogranicene
lukom krive f (x) = x log x i xosom.

Resenje: Kako je
log x 1/x
lim x log x = lim = lim = 0,
x0 x0 1/x x0 1/x2

i f (1) = 0, to posmatramo deo luka krive f za x (0, 1].

Z 1
2
Vx = x2 log2 x dx = .
0 27

16. Izracunati zapreminu tela koje nastaje rotacijom figure ogranicene de-
lovima krivih y = x2 + 1 i y = 2 oko xose.
16
Z 1
64
Resenje: Vx = 22 (x2 + 1)2 dx = .
1 15

17. Izracunati zapreminu tela nastalog rotacijom oko xose figure ogranicene
linijama
y = e3x + ex , x = 0, y = e3 + e.

Resenje:

Z 1

Vx = (e3 + e)2 (e3x + ex )2 dx
0
1
= (7 + 3e2 + 9e4 + 5e6 ) .
6

18. Izracunati duzinu luka krive L date sa y(x) = log(1 x2 ), x [0, 1/2].

2x
Resenje: y 0 (x) = .
x2 1
Z s Z 1/2 2
1/2
12 4x2 x +1
l= 1+ 2 1)2
dx = dx
0 (x 0 1 x2
Z 1/2 Z 1/2
dx 1
f HxL = dx + 2 2
= log 3 .
0 0 1x 2

19. Izracunati duzinu luka krive y(x) = 81 x2 za 3 x 9, kao i povrsinu
rotacione povrsi nastale rotacijom tog luka oko xose.
 17

x p 9
Resenje: y 0 (x) = , 1 + y 0 (x)2 = .
81 x2 81 x2
Z 9p Z 9
dx
l= 1 + y 0 (x)2 dx = 9

81 x2
3 3

 x = 9 sin t dx = 9 cos t dt 
=
3 7 arcsin 13 9 7 2 
 1  1
= 9 arcsin = 9 arccos .
3 2 3
Z 9 p Z 9
Px = 2 0 2
y(x) 1 + y (x) dx = 18 dx = 108.
3 3