1

.. ,
..
.

1

(Soils) (gravel)
(sand) (silt) (Clay)




(Rocks)

2

(Sand) (Cohesionless
soils)
(Silt and clay)
(Cohesive soils)
(heave)

3
18 . () 3-10 . ()

(Unit weight)

(Dry unit weight) 1.1

(/.3)
Loose uniform sand 1.45
Dense uniform sand 1.80
Loose angular-grained silty sand 1.60
Dense angular-grained silty sand 1.90
Stiff clay 1.70
Soft clay 1.15 - 1.45
Loess 1.35

4
Soft organic clay 0.60 0.80
Glacial till 2.10

(Relative density, Dr)


(%)

0 - 0.2

0.2 0.4

0.4 0.6

0.6 0.8

5
0.8 1.0

(Water content, wn)

(Liquid Limit : L.L.)

(Plastic Limit : P.L.)

6
Liquid limit
Plastic limit

(Plasticity)

35%
(Low plasticity)
35% 50%
(Intermediate plasticity)
50%
(High plasticity)

(Sand) Cohesionless Non-cohesive soil

(Clay) Cohesive soil

200 ( 0.002 mm)
8


()

thin tube sampler

()


9 + SPT-N value
split sampler


2
(Gravel, G)
(Sand, S) (Silt, M)
(Clay, C)
(Well
graded, W) (Poorly graded, P) (Clay
binder, C)
Atterberg s Limit
(Low plasticity, L) (High plasticity, H)
10
 Unified Soil Classification

()
(Coarse-grained soils) (Well grade, W)
(Gravel, G) (Poorly grade, P)
(Sand, S) (Uniform, U)
(Clay binder, C)
(Excess fines, P)
(Fine-grained soils) (Low plasticity, L)
(Silt, M) (Intermediate plasticity, I)
(Clay, C) (High plasticity, H)
(Organic soils, O)
(Peat, Pt)
11


(SPT-N value) : 140

30
1 SPT-N value
/ blows/ft
SPT

N
N
15 N = 15 + 0.5*(N - 15)
12
 (SPT)
SPT N
140
1

SPT
13
14
 : (c)

(cohesion, c)
(Unconfined compressive strength,
qu) qu

qu (Ton/m.2)
(very soft) < 2.50
(Soft) 2.50 5.00
(Medium) 5.00 10.00
(Stiff) 10.00 20.00
(Very stiff) 20.00 40.00
15 (Hard) > 40.00
 (Su)
f = 0
c Unconfined compressive test
Undrained Triaxial test
0.5qu
(t) t = c + s*tanf,
0.5qu (t = 0.5qu)

(Undrained shear strength)
s su su = 0.5qu

16 su = 0.625N
 : (f)

(Angle of internal friction, f)
(shear stress) (Normal
compressive stress)
Shear stress, t

Cohesionless soil

Angle of internal friction

f Compressive stress, s
17
 (Effective stress)
(Effective stress, s)
(Pore water pressure, u)
(Pore water pressure, s)
s s u x

z
sz
sx sx

s z sz
z

z
18




18 . Bangkok Clay
0
0
Soft to medium silty CLAY
Stiff to very stiff silty CLAY -20
-20

-40
-40 Medium compact to very compact
fine to medium silty SAND Very compact fine to -60
-60 Hard sandy CLAY Hard Silty CLAY coarse SAND
End of Investigation -80
-80

19

Bangkok Clay (Soft clay)
12 15 .

(Stiff clay)
1 19 27 .
20
(Hard clay)
2 38 49 .
3
54 55 .
20


SPT

21

 Boring log

22


23

Boring Log
0 19 .


0-19 .
(> LL)

20 .

25
. SPT (
30 /)
24
 0 19 .


0-19 .
(> LL)

20 .

25
. SPT (
30 /)
25


qa (/.2)
2
5
10
20
25
30
100

26
 (2)

qa (/.2)

, -, 2

, , 8

, , , 10-12
, ,
, 12-15

27
28