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SomePreliminaries

Normality(Equivalentconcentration)

Equivalent/volume(Eq/L=N)

A1Nsolutioncontains1Eq/L

Equivalentconcentrationisdefinedbytheintended
reaction
Thenumberofequivalentsinacompoundisthenumber

ofmolesof"reactiveunits"inthecompound.

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SomePreliminaries

Acidbasereaction

1equivalentofasubstancewilleitherreactwithorsupply

onemoleofhydrogenions(H+)

Oxidationreductionreaction

1equivalentofasubstancewilleitherreactwithorsupply

onemoleofelectrons.

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SomePreliminaries

Generallyspeaking

1moleofmonovalent ioncontains1equivalentoftheion

1moleofdivalentionscontains2equivalentsoftheion

1moleofnvalent ionscontainsn equivalentsoftheion

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SomePreliminaries

Theequivalentweightofasubstanceisobtainedby
dividingitsmolarmassbyitsvalance:

Millimolar Mass (mg/mmol)

mg/meq
Valence (meq/mmol)

Forinstance,theequivalentweightofCaCO3 is:

DissolvedCaCO3 isCa+2 andCO32,sothevalenceis2

40 12 3x16mg/mmol 50 mg/meq
2 meq/mmol
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ConvertingConcentrations
Toconvertfromgravimetrictomolarconcentration

Dividegravimetricconcentrationbythesubstancesmolar

mass

Toconvertfromgravimetrictoequivalentconcentration

Dividethegravimetricconcentrationbythesubstances

equivalentweight

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Exercise
Expresstheconcentrationofa50.0mg/LH2SO4 solution
as
a) Millimolar concentration;
b) Milliequivalent concentration;and
c) Thesolutionsnormality
Molecularweights
H=1.0g/mol
S=32.1g/mol
O=16.0g/mol
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Exercise
MolarmassofH2SO4

2x1.0+32.1+4x16.00=98.1g/mol

Millimolar concentration:
50.00 mg H2SO 4 /L
0.51 mmol/L
98.1 mg H2SO 4 /mmol

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Exercise
1moleofH2SO4 contains2equivalentsofH+

EquivalentweightofH2SO4 is
98.1 mg H2SO 4 /mmol
49.1 mg/meq
2 meq/mmol
Milliequivalent concentration
50 .0 mg H2SO 4 /L
1.0 meq/L
49.1 mg H2SO 4 /meq

Solutionnormality
1eq
1. 0 meq/L 1.0x10 3 eq/L 1.0x10 3 N
1000 meq
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Example

Expressthehardnessofawaterthatcontains40mg/L
Ca2+and15mg/LMg2+intermsof
a) meq/L;and
b) mgCaCO3/L
MWofCa2+=40.0g/mol
MWofMg2+ =24.3g/mol

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Example

EquivalentweightofCa2+

40.0 mg Ca 2 /mmol
20 mg Ca 2 /meq
2 meq/mmol

EquivalentweightofMg2+
24.3 mg Mg2 /mmol
12.15 mg Mg2 /meq
2 meq/mmol

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Example

a)
40 mg Ca 2 /L 15 mg Mg2 /L
Hardness 3.23 meq/L
20 mg Ca 2 /meq 12.15 mg Mg2 /meq

b)

Hardness as CaCO3 3.23 meq/L 50 mg CaCO3 /meq 161.7 mg/L

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