giravnoba, rogorc moTxovnis

uzrunvelyofis saSualeba qarTuli da

germanuli samarTlis mixedviT

avt: nato nadiraZe

Tbilisi
2012 weli

1
*nato nadiraZe
 Ggiravnoba romis samoqalaqo samarTlis mixedviT

G giravnobis instituti samoqalaqo samarTalSi warmoadgens uZveles

instituts. amis magaliTia is, rom giravnoba gvxvdeba romis saxelmwifo
samarTalSi. man romis samoqalaqo samarTalSi ganviTarebis sakmaod
rTuli gza gaiara.

Ggiraos safuZvelia debitoris valdebuleba da pasuxismgebloba

kreditoris winaSe. es valdebuleba - ,,obligatio ganmtkicebulia
nivTobrivad ,,nivTis pasuxisgebiT. Tu debitori Tavis valdebulebas ar
Seasrulebs kreditoris winaSe, maSin kreditirs saSualeba eqneba girao
nivTidan daikmayofilos Tavi.

Zveli romis samoqalaqo samarTali gamoirCeoda Tavisi sisastikiT

debitoris mimarT. is pirvel yovlisa kreditoris interesebs icavda.

Tavdapirvelad, rogorc Cans, warmoiSva e.w. ,,fiducia anu giravnobis

iseTi forma, romlis mixedviTac girao nivTi gadaecemoda kreditors im
pirobiT, rom mas Semdeg, rac kreditoris kanonieri moTxovnebi
dakmayofilebuli iqneboda debitoris mier, girao nivTs kreditori
debitors daubrunebda.1

droTa ganmavlobaSi ,,fiducia-m gza dauTmo ,,pignus-s. giraos

aseTi formis dros debitori gadascemda kreditors nivTs valis
uzrunvelsayofad, magram ukve ara sakuTrebaSi, aramed mxolod
mflobelobaSi. ,,fiducia-sTan SedarebiT es iyo win gadadgmuli nabiji
samoqalaqo brunvisa da sakredito urTierTobebis ganviTarebis gzaze.
magram, romis samoqalaqo samarTalma kidev erTi nabiji gadaga win.
warmoiSva da gaformda adgil-mamulTa giravnobis axali
saxeoba_,,hypotheca. am SemTxvevaSi dagiravebuli adgil-mamuli isev
debitoris mflobelobaSi rCeboda. gonivruli ar iqneboda, rom

____________

1 giorgi nadareiSvili ,,romis samoqalaqo samarTali Tbilisi 2006weli; gv.98

2
*nato nadiraZe
dagiravebuli adgil-mamuli im kreditoris xelSi moxvedriliyo,
romelsac misi marTvis da damuSavebis gamocdileba ar gaaCnda, ufro

mizanSewonilad CaTvales daetovebinaT dagiravebuli adgil-mamuli

debitoris xelSi, rom mas ufro gaadvileboda kreditorisTvis valis
gadaxda.2

giravnobis cneba da Sinaarsi

moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis erT-erT saSualebas warmoadgens

giravnoba .giravnobis cneba mocemulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis
254-e muxlSi, romlis mixedviTac ,,movalis an mesame piris moZravi nivTi
an/da aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, romlis sxva pirTaTvis gadacema
dasaSvebia, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc fuladi, ise arafuladi
moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis saSualebad, ise, romkreditori (mogiravne)
iZens uflebas, daikmayofilos moTxovna dagiravebuli qonebis
(giravnobis sagnis) realizaciiT an mxareTaA SeTanxmebiT-misi
sakuTrebaSi miRebiT movalis mier valdebulebis Seusruleblobis an
arajerovnad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi.3 aseve ,,mogiravnes giravnobis
sagnidan aqvs Tavisi moTxovnis upiratesi dakmayofilebis ufleba sxva
kreditorebTan SedarebiT.4

ganmartebidan Cans, rom giravnoba warmoadgens valdebulebis

uzrunvelyofis iseT saSualebas, romlis ZaliTac mogiravnes aqvs
upratesi ufleba, movalis sxva kreditorebTan SedarebiT daikmayofilos
moTxovna giravnobis sagnidan am ukanasknelis realizaciiT an mxareTa
SeTanxmebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi-misi sakuTrebaSi miRebis gziT.5

____________

2 giorgi nadareiSvili ,,romis samoqalaqo samarTali Tbilisi 2006weli; gv99-100

3 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi mux.254-is pirveli nawili

4 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi mux.254-is me-2 nawili

5 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali; Tbilis 2010 weli:gv 402-403

3
*nato nadiraZe
 giravnoba yovelTvis uzrunvelyofs gansazRvrul valdebulebas da
Sesabamisad, igi am valdebulebis gareSe ar SeiZleba arc warmoiSvas da
arc arsebobdes; e.i.giravnobis ufleba aqcesoruli uflebaa. igi
damatebiTi xasiaTis uflebaa da ar arsebobs ZiriTadi uflebis gareSe.
aqcesoruli urTierToba mxolod uflebaTa Soris urTierTobaa,
romelSic erTi ufleba emsaxureba meoris miznebs. giravnobis ufleba,
rogorc sanivTo ufleba, valdebulebiTi uflebis uzrunvelyofas
emsaxureba.6 Tumca saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis imave 254-e muxlSi
arsebobs norma, romelic warmoadgens am principidan garkveul
gadaxvevas. kerZod, muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, giravnobis ufleba
SeiZleba dadgindes samomavlo an pirobiTi moTxovnebis
uzrunvelsayofadac. rogorc samomavlo, aseve pirobiTi moTxovnebi ar
iTvleba warmoSobilad gansazRvruli momentis-konkretuli vadis an
movlenis dadgomamde. vinaidan ar arsebobs moTxovna,S esabamisad arc
giravnobis ufleba ar unda iTvlebodes warmoSobilad. magram am
SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs gamonakliss da giravnobis uflebas
warmoSobilad miiCnevs mogiravnesa da damgiravebels Soris
SeTanxmebisa da nivTis gadacemis momentidan, xolo registrirebuli
giravnobis SemTxvevaSi - registraciis momentidan.

ar aris savaldebulo, rom uzrunvelyofili moTxovna aucileblad

fuladi saxiT iyos warmodgenili. dasaSvebia giravnobiT iqnes
uzrunvelyofili arafuladi moTxovna im pirobiT, rom SesaZlebeli
iyos aseTi moTxovnis gamosaxva fuladi formiT. es winapiroba
aucilebelia gansakuTrebiT giravnobis sagnis realizaciis dros,
vinaidan realizaciis Sedegad mogiravne iRebs fulad Tanxas, romelic
miemarTeba swored moTxovnis dafarvisaTvis.7 msgavsi norma aris
dadgenili germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsiTac, Tumca gansxvavebiT saq-los
samoqalaqo kodeqsis 254-e muxlis me-4 nawilisgan, romlis Tanaxmadac
moTxovnis fuladi formiT gamoxatvazea damokidebuli giravnobis

____________

6 besarion zoiZe ,,qarTuli sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2003 weli; gv.285

7 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2010 weli ;gv.404

4
*nato nadiraZe
xelSekrulebis namdviloba. germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1228
analogiur SemTxvevaSi saubrobs giravnobis sagnis gayidvis
dasaSvebobaze mxolod im dros, rodesac moTxovna gadadis fulad
formaSi. kerZod, mogiravne uflebamosilia gayidvaze moTxovnis
mTlianad an nawilobriv Sesrulebis vadis dadgomisTanave. Tu
valdebulebis sagans ar warmoadgens fuli, maSin gayidva dasaSvebia
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moTxovna gadayvanilia fulad moTxovnaSi.8

giravnobis sagani

giravnobis sagans warmoadgens moZravi nivTebi, agreTve qonebrivi

xasiaTis mqone moTxovnebi da uflebebi. moZrav nivTebze giravnobis
uflebis dadgenisas es ukanaskneli vrceldeba nivTis arsebiT
Semadgenel nawilebze, magram igi SeiZleba arc gavrceldes nivTis
sakuTvnebelze, romelic SeiZleba damoukideblad dagiravdes. giravnobis
ufleba SeiZleba dadgenil iqnes iseT aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeze-
uflebebsa da moTxovnebze, romlebic eqvemdebareba gadacemas.

, , ,
.

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( 256 2 ).9

____________

8
1228

9
,, 2010;.405407

5
*nato nadiraZe


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,
.
, .
.10

o :

1. ;

2. .

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,
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.11

____________

10 ,,qarTuli ;Tbilisi 2003 weli; .291292;

11
,, 2010 ;.407408.

6
*nato nadiraZe
 vlis
specialur wess im SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac nivTi imyofeba
damgiraveblis arapirdapir mflobelobaSi. kerZod, 1205 me-2 nawilis
Tanaxmad,Tu damgiraveblis kuTvnili moZravi nivTi imyofeba mesame piris
pirdapir mflobelobaSi, nivTis gadacema SeiZleba Seicvalos
damgiraveblis mier mogiravnis arapirdapir mflobelobaSi gadacemiTa
da mflobeli mesame piris giravnobis Taobaze Setyobinebis wardgeniT.
imave germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1206 iTvaliswinebs aseve gadacemis
Secvlas moZrav nivTebze Tanamflobelobis miniWebiT.12

mflobelobiTi giravnobis specialur saxes warmoadgens

lombarduli giravnoba.i gi siaxlea saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi.
lombarduli giravnobis mimarT gamoiyeneba mflobelobiTi giravnobis
momwesrigebeli normebi ssk-is 260-e muxlSi mocemuli specialuri
wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. kanoni adgens lombarduli giravnobis dadgenis
Sesaxeb sanivTo SeTanxmebis savaldebulo werilobiT formas. formis
daucvelobis gamo lombarduli giravnobis SeTanxmeba baTilad miiCneva.
aseve kanoni iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu mxareebi sawinaaRmdegoze ar
SeTanxmdebian, lombardis moTxovna movalis mimarT wydeba im
SemTxvevaSic, rodesac giravnobis sagnis realizaciidan amonagebi Tanxa
srulad ver faravs lombardis moTxovnas.

registrirebuli giravnobis SemTxvevaSi, moZravi nivTis mogiravnis

an mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema saWiro ar aris. registrirebuli
giravnobis warmoSobisaTvis aucilebelia, rom garigeba daidos
werilobiTi formiT da am garigebiT gansazRvruli giravnobis ufleba
daregistrirdes sajaro reestrSi.13

kerZosamarTlebrivi urTierTobis monawileebs moZravi nivTebis

sauzrunvelyofod gamoyenebisas ufleba aqvT SeTanxmdnen mflobelobiT
an registrirebul giravnobaze. magram aseTi arCevani maT ar aqvT iseT

____________
12 germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi 1205-1206;

13 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2010 weli ;gv.409-410

7
*nato nadiraZe
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac giravnobis sagania moTxovna. am SemTxvevaSi kanonSi
pirdapir aris miTiTebuli, rom ,,moTxovnis dagiraveba xorcieldeba
werilobiTi formiT garigebis dadebisa da am garigebiT gansazRvruli
uflebis sajaro reestrSi registraciis gziT.14

Ffasiani qaRaldis dagiravebis mimarT kanoni adgens orgvar wess

imisda mixedviT, warmoadgens Tu ara fasiani qaRaldi sajaro fasian
qaRalds. am ukanasknelis dagiravebis wesi ganisazRvreba ,,fasiani
qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT.

giravnobis subieqtebi da subieqtebs Soris

samarTlebrivi urTierToba

giravnobis urTierTobis monawileebad gamodian, erTi mxriv,

valdebulebiT-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare kreditori -
mogiravne da, meore mxriv, movale, Tu giravnobis sagani ekuTvnis
uSualod movales an mesame piri, romelic movalis mier nakisri
valdebulebis uzrunvelsayofad giravnobiT tvirTavs Tavis moZrav
nivTs an aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTes.

mogiravnesa da damgiravebels Soris uflebebi da valdebulebebi

gansxvavebulad ganisazRvreba imisda mixedviT, mxareebma dades
mflobelobiTi Tu registrirebuli giravnoba. mflobelobiTi
giravnobis SemTxvevaSi mogiravnis upirvelesi valdebulebaa nivTis
saTanadod Senaxvisa da movla-patronobis uzrunvelyofa. am
valdebulebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi damgiravebels SeuZlia moiTxovos
giravnobis sagnis mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema.

registrirebuli giravnobis SemTxvevaSi nivTis saTanadod Senaxvisa

da movla-patronobis valdebuleba ekisreba damgiravebels, vinaodan
giravnobis sagani rCeba mis mflobelobaSi. valdebulebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi, mogiravnes ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos giravnobis sagnis mis

___________

14 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi; 259-e muxlis pirveli nawili;

8
*nato nadiraZe
an mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema. gansxvavebiT mogiravnis mier
sargeblis miRebis wesisa, damgiravebeli uflebamosilia, miiRos
sargebeli giravnobis sagnidan, razec mxareTa Soris pirdapiri
SeTanxmeba aucilebeli ar aris.15

saqarTvelos samoqlaqo kodeqsis 261-e muxlis me-5 nawilis

Tanaxmad, Tu giravnobis sagans warmoadgens aqcia an wili komerciul
iuridiul pirSi, maSin damgiravebeli iuridiuli piris marTvasTan
dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebisas an garigebis dadebisas unda
moqmedebdes keTilsindisierebis principidan gamomdinare sakuTari da
mogiravnis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

orive saxis giravnobis dros damgiravebels SeiZleba daekisros

giravnobis sagnis dazRvevis valdebuleba. aseTi valdebuleba arsebobs
Tu mas pirdapir adgens kanoni an Tu aRniSnulis Sesaxeb mxareebi
SeTanxmdebian giravnobis xelSekrulebaSi.16

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 263-e muxlis Tanaxmad

,,damgiravebels, romelic ar aris giravnobiT uzrunvelyofili
moTxovnis piradi movale, SeuZlia mogiravnes wauyenos is Sesageblebi,
romlis wayenebis uflebac aqvs pirad movales, maT Soris, iseTi
Sesageblebi, romlebzedac mogiravnis piradma movalem uari Tqva
giravnobis warmoSobis Semdeg.17

giravnobis uflebaTa rigiToba

Tu erTidaigive giravnobis saganze arsebobs ramodenime giravnobis

ufleba, unda gadawydes sakiTxi Tu romels mieniWos upiratesoba.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 267-e muxlis 1-li nawili adgens

___________

15 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali: Tbilis 2010; gv.416-417

16 iqve-gv.418;

17 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi muxli 263

9
*nato nadiraZe
 zogad wess, romlis Tanaxmadac giravnobis uflebaTa
konkurenciisas upiratesoba eniWeba ufro adre dadgenil giravnobis
uflebas, anu giravnobis uflebaTa rigiToba ganisazRvreba maTi
saregistraciod wardgenis drois Sesabamisad. Tumca kanoni aseve adgens
am wesidan gamonaklisebsac:

1.gamonakliss warmoadgens samomavlo qonebaze giravnobis dadgenis wesi,

romlis Tanaxmadac,giravnobis ufleba warmoSobilad iTvleba ara
SeTanxmebis dadebis, aramed qonebis warmoSobis an SeZenis momentSi;

2.meore gamonakliss warmoadgens ssk-is 267-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT

gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxveva, romelic upiratesobas aniWebs kanonismieri
giravnobis uflebas saxelSekrulebo giravnobis uflebasTan SedarebiT,
rodesac pirveli warmoiSoba iseTi valdebulebiT - samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan, romlebsac ganekuTvneba: qiravnoba, ijara, sasoflo-
sameurneo ijara, nardoba, gadazidva-gadayvana da mibareba sasaqonlo
sawyobSi. anu aq saubaria ori saxis giravnobis uflebaTaA
konkurenciaze, romelTa Sorisac upiratesoba eniWeba kanonismier
giravnobis uflebas miuxedavad uflebis dadgenis momentisa.

giravnobis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirze.giravnobis

sagnis gasxviseba da dagiraveba.surogacia
giravnobis ufleba aqcesoruli uflebaa da igi mihyveba moTxovnas am
ukanasknelis mflobelis - kreditoris mier sxva pirisaTvis daTmobis
SemTxvevaSi. giravnobis uflebis damoukideblad moTxovnis gareSe
gadacema dauSvebelia. giravnobis uflebis axal kreditorze gadasvlis
miRwevisaTvis mxolod moTxovnis daTmobis xelSekrulebis dadeba
sakmarisi ar aris. mflobelobiTi giravnobis dros saWiroa, giravnobis
sagnis axali kreditoris an mesame piris mflobelobaSi gadacema, xolo
registrirebuli giravnobis dros - sajaro reestrSi registracia. Tu
moTxovnis daTmobisas gamoricxulia giravnobis uflebis gadacema, maSin
giravnobis ufleba uqmdeba.

10
*nato nadiraZe
 dagiravebuli nivTi SeiZleba gasxvisebul iqnes mesakuTris mier
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi warmoadgens moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis obieqts
da valdebulebis Sesrulebis vada jer ar aris damdgari. damgiravebels
(mesakuTres) SeuZlia Tavisi surviliT gayidos, gaaCuqos, gacvalos an
sxvagvarad gaasxvisos dagiravebuli nivTi garda im SEmTxvevebisa,
rodesac:

1.mflobelobiTi giravnobis SemTxvevaSi mogiravne an uflebamosili

mesame piri giravnobis sagans mflobelobaSi gadascems SemZens;

2.damgiravebeli (mesakuTre) dagiravebul nivTs asxvisebs Tavisi

Cveulebrivi samewarmeo saqmianobis farglebSi. amasTan,mniSvneloba ara
aqvs, icoda Tu ara SemZenma nivTze dadgenili giravnobis uflebis
Taobaze. Tumca, es wesi ar gamoiyeneba, Tu SemZeni da damgiravebeli
moqmedebdnen arakeTilsindisierad.18

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 266-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT

gaTvaliswinebulia, rom mxareebi SeiZleba SeTanxmdnen, rom
damgiravebeli (mesakuTre) ar gaasxvisebs da ar daagiraves giravnobis
sagans giravnobis uflebis gauqmebamde.

Tu giravnobis sagans warmoadgens moTxovna da moTxovnis movalis

mier xorcieldeba valdebulebis Sesruleba moTxovnaze giravnobis
uflebis arsebobis periodSi, maSin valdebulebis Sesruleba ikavebs
moTxovnis adgils - e.w. surogacia. surogaciis aucilebel pirobas
warmoadgens mis Taobaze mxareTa pirdapiri SeTanxmeba. surogacias
adgili aqvs aseve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac giravnobis sagnis
dakargvasTan, dazianebasTan, ganadgurebasTan an gaufasurebasTan
dakavSirebulia anzRaurebis miReba.19

____________

18 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilis 2010 weli; gv.419-420;

19 iqve-gv.421

11
*nato nadiraZe
 giravnobis sagnis realizacia

Tu giravnobiT uzrunvelyofil moTxovnas movale ar asrulebs an

arajerovnad asrulebs, mogiravnes ufleba aqvs, moaxdinos giravnobis
sagnis realizacia; swored realizaciis gziT xdeba mogiravnis
moTxovnis dakmayofileba. Tumca, Tu giravnobis sagnis realizaciidan
amonagebi Tanxa sakmarisi ar aris giravnobiT uzunvelyofili moTxovnis
dasafarad an giravnobis sagnis Rirebuleba ar faravs moTxovnis
odenobas,moTxovna mainc srulad iTvleba dakmayofilebulad, Tu
mxareebi giravnobis xelSekrulebaSi sawinaaRmdegoze ar SeTanxmebulan.20

kanonis amgvari daTqma SeiZleba arasamarTlianad Caivalos

garkveulwilad, radgan mogiravnes erTmeva SesaZlebloba srulad
daikmayofilos Tavisi moTxovna. mas espoba imis SesaZlebloba, rom
SeZlos moTxovnis daukmayofilebeli nawilis dakmayofileba sxva raime
saSualebiT.

kanoni realizaciis dasawyisSive uqmnis realizaciis uflebis

mqone mogiravnes xelsayrel pirobas Tavisi uflebis
ganxorcielebisaTvis. kerZod, mas SeuZlia moiTxovos giravnobis sagnis
misTvis gadacema, rac eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv dakmayofilebas. garda
amisa, ssk-is 281-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu moTxovnis
realizacia damokidebulia iuridiuli moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, maSin
mogiravnes SeuZlia damgiravebels mosTxovos am moqmedebis Sesruleba.
Tu damgiravebeli am moqmedebas ar Seasrulebs 2 kviris vadaSi,
mogiravne uflebamosilia,es moqmedeba damgiraveblis saxeliT
ganaxorcielos mesame piris mimarT.21

rac Seexeba Tavad giravnobis sagnis realizaciis wess, kanoni

iTvaliswinebs mogiravnis mxridan gansakuTrebuli formaluri
procedurebis dacvas realizaciis marTlzomierebis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis, romelic gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan imisda

___________

20 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 276-e muxlis me-2 nawili;

12
*nato nadiraZe
21 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilisi 2010 weli ; gv.422-423.

mixedviT, saxezea mflobelobiTi Tu registrirebuli giravnoba.

mflobelobiTi giravnobis dros mogiravnem giravnobis sagnis

realizaciamde 2 kviriT adre unda werilobiTi SetyobinebiT
gaaafrTxilos realizaciis Sesaxeb damgiravebeli da sxva mogiravneebi,
Tu giravnobis sagani ramdenjermea dagiravebuli.22 magram kanoni iqve
akeTebs gamonakliss, rom SeiZleba giravnobis sagnis realizacia moxdes
maTi gafrTxilebis gareSec im SemTxvevebSi:

1.Tu arsebobs giravnobis sagnis sabazro da sabirJo fasis dacemis

realuri safrTxe;

2.giravnobis sagani malfuWebadia.

kanoniT dadgenilia is zogadi pirobebi, romlebic daculi unda iyos

giravnobis sagnis gasxvisebis dros. kerZod, mogiravne valdebulia,
giravnobis sagani gaasxvisos samarTlian da gonivrul fasSi Tavisi,
damgiraveblisa da sxva mogiravneebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. am
valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi mogiravne pasuxs agebs
damgiraveblisa da sxva mogiravneebisaTvis miyenebuli zianisaTvis.23 Tu
giravnobis sagans aqvs sabirJo an sabazro fasi, mogiravnes SeuZlia
giravnobis sagnis gayidva miandos specialur savaWro dawesebulebas.

aseve kanoni iTvaliswinebs, rom mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen

giravnobis sagnis realizaciis iseT wesze, romelic ar aris kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli.

rodesac giravnobis sagani aris ramdejerme datvirTuli, misi

realizaciis moTxovnis ufleba aqvs im mogiravnes, romlis moTTxovnis
Sesrulebis vadac dadga miuxedavad imisa, rom misi giravnobis ufleba
SeiZleba ar iyos pirveli rigis.24

___________

22 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 282-e muxlis 1-li nawili;

23 iqve-283-e muxlis 1-li nawili; 24 iqve 279-e uxlis 1-li nawili.

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 giravnobis sagnis marTlzomieri realizaciis Sedegia masze
sakuTrebis uflebis gadasvla SemZenze; sakuTrebis ufleba uqmdeba
aramarTlzomieri realizaciis SemTxvevaSic. SemZeni iZens sakuTrebas im
pirobiT, rom igi aramarTlzomieri realizaciis faqtis mimarT
keTilsindisieria. SemZeni giravnos sagans, rogorc wesi, iRebs
dautvirTavad, Tumca am wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisic, kerZod,
giravnobis sagani datvirTuli rCeba im mogiravneTaA uflebebiT,
romelTa giravnobis uflebac win uswrebs realizaciis
ganmaxorcielebeli mogiravnis uflebas.25

giravnobis uflebis gauqmeba

giravnobis uflebis aqcesoruli bunebis gamo igi uqmdeba Tu wydeba

Tavad moTxovna. giravnobis ufleba uqmdeba aseve e.w. konsolidaciis
drosac, kerZod, rodesac giravnobis saganze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens
mogiravne.

rogorc sanivTo ufleba, giravnobis uflebac uqmdeba, rodesac is

nivTi, romelic datvirTulia am uflebiT, ganadgurdeba an Tu
uflebamosili piri-mogiravne uars ganacxadebs Tavis uflebaze.
mflobelobiTi giravnoba uqmdeba, agreTve im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac
mogiravne giravnobis saganze mflobelobas ubrunebs damgiravebels.
kanoni mflobelobiTi giravnobis SemTxvevaSi iTvaliswinebs giravnobis
uflebis gauqmebis specialur wess, kerZod, giravnobis ufleba uqmdeba,
Tu giravnobiT uzrunvelyofili moTxovnis daTmobis SemTxvevaSi axali
kreditori ar moiTxovs giravnobis sagnis misTvis gadacemas an
giravnobis uflebis registracias.26

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 265-e muxlis Tanaxmad,giravnobis

ufleba uqmdeba,Tu adgili hqonda giravnobis sagnis gadamuSavebas an
____________

25 zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilis 2010 weli; gv.425-425;

26 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 269-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

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misi sxva moZrav nivTTan Serwymas ise, rom pirvandel mdgomareobaSi
maTi aRdgena SeuZlebelia an dakavSirebulia mniSvnelovan xarjebTan.
Tumca, mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen giravnobis uflebis
SenarCunebazec. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi giravnobidan gamomdinare
uflebaTa rigiToba ganisazRvreba gadamuSavebamde an Serwymamde
arsebuli giravnobis uflebaTa warmoSobis momentis Sesabamisad.27

mflobelobiTi giravnobis SemTxvevaSi, giravnobis uflebis

gauqmebisas mogiravne valdebulia, giravnobis sagani daubrunos
damgiravebels. registrirebuli giravnobis SemTxvevaSi ki, giravnobis
uflebis gauqmebisas damgiravebels SeuZlia, mogiravnes mosTxovos
giravnobis gauqmebis dauyovnebliv registracia sajaro reestrSi. Tu
damgiravebeli ar iTxovs gauqmebis dauyovnebliv registracias,
mogiravne kanonis ZaliT mainc aris valdebuli, mimarTos sajaro
reestrs giravnobis uflebis gauqmebis registraciis gancxadebiT
gauqmebidan 5 samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi. am valdebulebis
Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi damgiravebels aqvs mogiravnisagan zianis
anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba.28 giravnobis uflebis gauqmebis
moTxovnis ufleba aqvs Tavad damgiravebelsac (ssk-is 275-e muxlis me-3
nawili).

daskvna

daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom giravnoba warmoadgens

saqarTveloSi moTxovnis uzrunvelyofis yvelaze gavrcelebul
saSualebas. igi, ipoTekisagan gansxvavebiT, vrceldeba mxolod moZrav
nivTebsa da aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeebze.

___________

27 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi 265-e muxlis me-2 nawili;

28 iqve 275-e muxlis me-2 nawili.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

1.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi;

2.germaniis samoqalaqo kodeqsi;

3.zurab WeWelaSvili ,,sanivTo samarTali Tbilis 2010 weli:

4.besarion zoiZe ,,qarTuli sanivTo samarTali; Tbilisi 2003

weli;

5.giorgi nadareiSvili ,,romis samoqalaqo samarTali Tbilisi

2006 weli;

6.saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore,

Tbilisi 1999 weli.

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