:

.
.

. ( )Drawing
.

.
.


.

.

.

Khalid mohammadi

.
.

.

.

.
.
.

:


10
.
.

( )Technical Documents
.
.

( )Specification of Materials

.

()Cost of Materials

.

5 10
.

.



.

( )Types of Estimation

Khalid mohammadi

.

( )Preliminary Estimation

Short cut Estimation

.

- 1 ()Gross Floor Area Estimation

0.5 50
.

- 2 ( )Cubage Estimation



.

.

40 50
.

Khalid mohammadi
 .3 ( )Cost per Unit of Quantity Estimation

( )Detailed Estimation

.1 )(Unit Quantity Method or Unit Cost Method

.2 ()Total Quantity Method or Lump Sum Method

( )Unit Quantity Method

.
Unit Cost .

( )Total Quantity Method

Lump Sum .

( )Complete Estimation

.
( )Total Cost
.

Khalid mohammadi
 .1 ( )Direct Cost
.
.2 ( )Indirect Cost 12
Direct Cost .
.3 ( )Profit 10 15 15
10 5
.

.
.

.1 Skilled Labors SL .

.
.2 Unskilled Labors USL .
.

Mandy MD
8
90
.

.1 ()International System,S.I System

.2 ()British System

( )CGS or MKS
:
)Meter, (M
)Kilogram, (Kg
)Second, (Sec
)Ampere, (A
)Kelvin, (K
)Candela (Cd

.
.
(
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) .

Khalid mohammadi

10-1 d ()deci 1012 T ()tera

10-2 c ()centi 109 G ()giga

10-3 m ()milli 106 M ()mega

10-6 ()micro 103 k ()kilo

10-9 n ()nano 102 h ()hecto

10-12 p ()pico 101 D ()deca

10-15 f ()femto

10-18 a ()atto

.1 )Meter, (M

1
.
299792458
299792458 m/s
1
.
299792458

.2 )Kilogram, (Kg

- .

()Derived Units

( )m/sec
( ) Kg.m 2 .
sec

.3 ()Units of Area

.
.

Khalid mohammadi
 1km2 = 106 m2
= 104 m2 hm2 = 1ha,
= 102 m2 Dm2 = 1ar,
1m2 = 102dm2
1m2 = 104 cm2
1m2 = 106 mm2

.4 ()Units of Volume

.
1m3 = 1000dm3
1dm3 = 1000cm3
1cm3 = 1000mm3
:
1litter = 1dm3 = 1000cm3
1gallon = 3.785litter

.5 ()Units of Weight

. ( )N
.
W = M. g
1N = 1kg. m/sec2
(:)Density

( kg/m3 )SI.

V
(:)Weight density

( )N/m3.

W M g
g
V V
(:)Specific gravity

Sp.gr
w w

(:)British System

Khalid mohammadi
 ( )ft .1
.
( )Slug. .2
. .3
( ) F . .4

.1

1ft = 0.3048m
1mile = 5280ft = 5280 0.3048m = 1609m
1mile = 1.609km
1 1
= 1inch = ft (0.3048m) = 0.0254m
12 12
1inch = 25.4mm = 2.54cm
1yard = 3ft = 36inch
1m = 39.37in
1m = 3.28ft
4.2km :
:
1000m 10dm
()(4.2km () ) = 42 103 dm
1km 1m
= 42000 dm
:
1000m 3.28 ft
()(4.2km () ) = 13776ft
1km 1m

34000mm : ( )Dm
1m 1D
()(34000mm () ) = 3.4 Dm
1000mm 10m

2.5km : ( )Mile

:
1000m 39.37in
( )(2.5km () ) = 98425 in.
1km 1m
:

1000m 1mile
( )(2.5km () ) = 1.554 mile
1km 1609m
.2

1 ton = 1000 kg
1 kg = 1000 g
1 kg = 0.0685 slug
1 slug = 14.6 kg
:
Khalid mohammadi
 0.05 ton slug
1000kg 0.0685slug
( )(0.05 ton () ) = 3.425 slugs
1ton 1kg
.3

ft2 in2 (.)acre

1 ft2 = 144in2
1 acre = 43560 ft2
:
2 2
1 m = 10.8 ft
1 ha = 2.471 acres
:
32586 m2
1ha
( )(32586 m2 ) = 3.2586 ha.
10000m2
:

2.471acres
( )(5.6 ha ) = 13.84 acres
1ha
.4
in3 ft3 yd3 .
1 yd3 = 27 ft3
1 m3 = 35.315 ft3 = 1.308 yd3
1 yd3 = 0.76616 m3
1 ft3 = 28.32 litters
1 ft3 = 7.477 gallons
:
4.5 x 108 mm3 dm3
1dm3
( )(4.5 x 108 mm3 6 3
) = 450 dm3
10 mm
:
472 m3

1.308 yd 3
( )(472 m3 ) = 617.38 yd3
1m3
.5
lb . slug
ft 3 ft 3

1kg/m3 = 1.94 10 3 slug

ft 3

:
8.9g 0.089m3:
cm 3
.1
.2
.3

Khalid mohammadi
 .4

.1

1kg 106 cm3

V = 8.9g 0.089m3 x
cm3 1000 g 1m3
M = 792.1kg
.2
m
W = M. g = 792.1 kg x 9.81
sec 2
m
W = 7770.5 kg
sec 2
W = 7770.5 N
.3

W M g 7770.5 N
= g 3
= 87309 N/m3
V V 0.089m
.4
N N
= 9.81 3
= 9810 3
dm m

87309 N
m3 = 8.9
Sp.gr =
w w 9810 N 3
m
:

.1
.2

322.752 square feet :
.3
30000 square meter :
.4 15m3
1.784m :
.5 2.3
N
22563 :
m3
.6 30cm 12kg
4 3
= r
3
Sp.gr = 0.8488 :

Khalid mohammadi


.1 ()Earth Work

.

.

. .

10cm .
.

.2 ()Concrete in Foundation

( ) .
20cm
45cm 30cm .
( )Lime Concret .
1:4:8 1:5:10.

.3 ()Soling

.4 ()Damp Proof Course, D.P.C

1
1 : 1 : 3 2.5cm 1:2 2cm
2
.
( )D.P.C .
D.P.C ( )Sills .
: Cem-Seal Impermo
.

.5 ()Masonry

( ) .
( )Superstructure .

Khalid mohammadi
 ( )Superstructure
.
.
.
( )Partition Wall
. .

.
.

.A 1000cm2 0.1m2 1ft2

.B 500cm2 0.05m2 72in .
2

.C .10cm

)a ()Rectangular Openings

= T
= L H T

)b

= T
= L H T

Khalid mohammadi
 )c

Segmental
.

2 r3
lr Segmental =
3 2l

:

= L h ( L r t
2
3
)d

:
= 3
4
.

= t

= L h ( L r t
3
4

.
.

.6 Arch masonry work

.
Khalid mohammadi
 = Lm t
= Lm t

.7 Lintels over Openings

( )R.C.C ( )R.B
( s )Clear Span
( )Bearings

1
) 4 ( 12cm .
2
:
l = s + 2t
= l t thickness of wall
= l t thickness of wall

.8 ()R.C.C & R.B work

. (

Khalid mohammadi
 )
.
:
.i .
.ii .

.

0.6% 1.0% .

.

.

.9 Flooring and Roofing

: ( :)Ground Floor (
)
. .

: :
() ( )Floor finishing
2.5cm 4cm.

: ( :)Roof ()

.

.10 ( :)Plastering and Pointing 12mm

.
.

( ) :
.i .
.ii 0.5m2
( )Sills, Soffits, and Jambs .
.iii 0.5m2 3m2

.
2
.iv 3m
.

As the outer jambs, etc. are much smaller than the inner ones, the deduction
is usually made from the outer face.

Khalid mohammadi
 Inside plaster = L H

Outside plaster = L H l h

12mm
.
R.C.C
.
.
( :)Pointing
.

.11 Cornice
( )
.

.12 Pillars

:
=
:
d 2
=
4

.
.

.13 :Doors and Windows

.
.i
( )member . ( )Sills
Khalid mohammadi
 2.5cm 4.0cm
.
.ii
.
sill 6mm
.
12mm 20mm

. .

.14 (:)Wood Work

.

.15 (:)Iron Works

( )quintal
.
.
.
3 20cm
4
30cm .
. lbs 3 490 kg 7850
ft m3

.

.16 (:)White washing or Color washing

.


.

( ) .

.17 (:)Painting



. .

2 ( ) 1

1 2
2 3
3 4
1 5

Khalid mohammadi

. .

.18 :Lump Sum

Lump
Sum .

.19 ()Electrification, Sanitary and Water supply

.

Reducing Calculation

.

.1 :

:
) ( =

.2
.

.3 :

( )Footing
.

b1 b2
=
2

b1 b2
= L h.
2

= L
Khalid mohammadi
 = h
.

.4

:

.a : = 7.65m = 0.3m = 3.6m

.b : = 3.5m = 0.3m = 3.6m
.c : = 4.2m = 0.3m = 3.6m

(7.65 + 3.5 + 4.2) 0.3 3.6 = 16.578 m3

:Degree of accuracy in estimating

.
.
0.5cm .
.
1cm 0.01m2 0.01m3
.

:
:
.1
.
.2
.
.3 .
.4 .
:
( )mm
( )cm ( )m .

1

Khalid mohammadi
 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I 10
11

:
.1 :
120cm 210cm
110cm 200cm
100cm 190cm
90cm 180cm
75cm 180cm
.2 :
100cm 150cm
90cm 120cm
.3 :
120cm 60cm
100cm 60cm
90cm 50cm
.4 :
12cm 7.5cm
10cm 10cm
10cm 7.5cm
7.5cm 7.5cm

.5 :
2.5cm

Khalid mohammadi
 3.0cm
4.0cm
4.5cm
.6 :
15cm 30cm
20cm 40cm
25cm 45cm
.7 :
7.5cm
10cm
12cm
.8 () :
7.5cm 12.5cm
10cm 15cm
.9
10mm 15mm
12mm 20mm
.10 D.P.C
2cm
2.5cm
4.0cm
.11
2cm
2.5cm
4.0cm
.12
2.5cm
4.0cm
.13
Rise and Tread
15cm 30cm
15cm 28cm
18cm 28cm
.14
Khalid mohammadi
 30cm 45cm
60cm 75cm

.15
2.80m 3.60m
3.00m 3.90m
3.30m 4.20m

:
1 1 7 3 5 1 3 1
1 1 1
2 4 8 4 8 2 8 4

40 32 25 22 20 16 12 10 6


9.86 6.31 3.85 2.98 2.47 1.58 989 962 922

19cm 9cm 9cm.

Khalid mohammadi
 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 1
2 2 2

60 50 40 30 20 10

19cm 29cm
10 20 30 .

1
2
3
( ) 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
( ) 11

1
( 2
)
C.C 3
R.C.C 4
C.C R.C.C 5
( D.P.C ) Damp 6
proof course

1
2
3
4

Khalid mohammadi
 5
6
Thin partition wall
)Reinforced brick (R.B work 7
( ) 8
9
10
11

1
2
( ) 3
( ) 4

1
( ) 2
3
4
5
()Partition wall 6
Steel Work
( 1
)
R.B R.C.C 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
( ) 11
Roofing
1
2
3
R.C.C R.B 4
( ) 5

Khalid mohammadi
 6
7
8
9
10
Plastering Finishing
( ) 1
2
( ) 3
( ) 4
( ) 5
( ) 6
( ) 7
8
9
Flooring
2.5cm 7.5 1
7.5 2
7.5 3
7.5 4
7.5 5
7.5 6
7
/ 8
Miscellaneous
1
2
( ) 3
4
( ) 5
6
7
( ) 8
9
10
11
Construction Material
1
2

Khalid mohammadi
 50 3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
( ) 12
( ) 13
14
15
16
17

.1 :
.a
.b 50cm
.c 25cm 25cm
.d

.2 :
Khalid mohammadi
 .a
20cm 10cm 5cm .b

.c
.d 10mm

Khalid mohammadi


( )
.

.
.
:
:

: 32000
850 .
:
= = 3.6 = 4 3 0.3
( ) = 2 = 24 = 2 4 3
= 115200 = 32000 3.6
= 20400 = 24 850
= 135600
:

:
.1
.2
1
:3 2.5 .3 ( )D.PC 1:1
2
.4 12mm 1:6

Khalid mohammadi
 .5 12mm 1:6 10cm
.

:
.

()m

Khalid mohammadi



4.32
4.32 0.90 0.80 6.00 1 1

1.44
1.44 0.30 0.80 6.00 1 2


()Plinth
0.72 0.20 0.60 6.00 1
3.24 0.60 0.20 0.50 6.00 1 3
0.48 0.20 0.40 6.00 1
1.44 0.60 0.40 6.00 1

2.4 1
2.4 - 0.40 6.00 1 :3 2.5cm 1:1 4
2

6.3
6.3 3.50 0.30 6.00 1 5

12mm ( )
1:6
21.0 3.50 - 6.00 1 6
46.2 10cm
25.2 4.20 - 6.00 1
21.0 ( )
21.0 3.50 - 6.00 1 7


24.6
24.6 4.10 - 6.00 1 ( 8

)

Khalid mohammadi
 : ()Individual Wall Method
.

.

.
.
( )
.

+ = .

= .

:

.

:

.1
.2
.3 1:6
2.5cm .4
.5

* 15cm.
2.1m 1.2m D
1.5m 1m W
*1.5m 1m S
Khalid mohammadi
 * Shelves : .

Khalid mohammadi

()m





=
0.30
10.60m= 2+ 0.3+ 6+ 4
2
25.74 1.00 1.10 11.70 2 ...
1

0.30 17.16 1.00 1.10 5.20 3
6.30m= =2+ 6
2 42.90m 3

7.72 0.30 1.10 11.70 2 2

3 5.15 0.30 1.10 5.20 3
=
10 12.87m3







3
1:6



L=10.60+0.80=11.40m 3.65 0.20 0.80 11.40 2
L=10.60+0.70=11.30m 1.58 0.10 0.70 11.30 2 ...
L=10.60+0.60=11.20m 1.34 0.10 0.60 11.20 2 ...

Khalid mohammadi
L=10.60+0.50=11.10m 1.11 0.10 0.50 11.10 2 ...
L=10.60+0.40=11.00m 7.04 0.80 0.40 11.00 2
..

L=6.30-0.80=5.50m 2.64 0.20 0.80 5.50 3
L=6.30-0.70=5.60m 1.18 0.10 0.70 5.60 3
L=6.30-0.60=5.70m 1.03 0.10 0.60 5.70 3 ...
L=6.30-0.50=5.80m 0.87 0.10 0.50 5.80 3 ...
L=6.30-0.40=5.90m 5.66 0.80 0.40 5.90 3 ...
3
26.10m
..


2.5cm



8.80 0.40 11.00 2

4
7.08 0.40 5.90 3
15.88

0.96 0.40 1.20 2
14.92m2






5

L=10.60+0.30=10.90m 27.47 4.20 0.30 10.90 2

L=6.30-0.30=6.00m 22.68 4.20 0.30 6.00 3
50.15m3

1.51 2.10 0.30 1.20 2

Khalid mohammadi
 1.80 1.50 0.30 1.00 4
10cm 0.60 1.50 0.20 1.00 2 ...
. ...
15cm 0.14 0.15 0.30 1.50 2 ...

15cm 0.23 0.15 0.30 1.30 4 ...

15cm 0.12 0.15 0.30 1.30 2 ...
3
4.40m
3
45.75m

= 45.75m3

: :
.1
.2
.3
.4 ()D.P.C
.5

:
:
210cm 120cm D1
200cm 100cm D2
180 75cm D3

:
150cm W1 100cm

Khalid mohammadi
 150cm W2 200cm
120cm W3 75cm
60cm 75cm C.W Clerestory Window

:
150cm 100cm S

:
15 cm .
.

Khalid mohammadi
 : ()Center line method

(
) .

.

)Junction (

.

.
.

.
.

:
:
.1
.2
.3
.4

Khalid mohammadi

= DA + CD + BC + AB
= 19.20m = 4.30 + 5.30 + 4.30 + 5.30
.

Khalid mohammadi
 .

.
= 90cm CD + 90cm 90cm BC + 90cm 90cm AB
.90cm 90cm DA + 90cm
( R Q P )S
( M L K )N
( ) .
.

.


()m

)(m3



15.55 0.90 0.90 19.20 1 1
= 19.20m
5.18 0.30 0.90 19.20 1 2


()Plinth
3.46 0.30 0.60 19.20 1 3
2.88 0.30 0.50 19.20 1
4.61 0.60 0.40 19.20 1
10.95

20.16 3.50 0.30 19.20 1 4

Khalid mohammadi
 :


.1
.2
.3 1:6
2.5cm .4
.5

:


.

0 .3
10.60m = )+ = (+ 0.3 + 4 + 6
2
0 .3 0 .3
) = 6.30m + = (+ 6
2 2
= 2 3 +
.

= 40.10m = 6.30 3 + 10.60 2

.
.

Khalid mohammadi
 A B
- .

.
:

Earthwork in Excavation = [Total centre length (2 1 breath)] breath depth.

2
= (40.10 2 1 1.10) 1.10 1.00 = 39.00
2
1.10 1.00 = 42.90m3

.



()m

)(m3



=
40.10m
L=40.10- 42.90 1.00 1.10 39.00 1 1
1.10
2
2
=39.00m

L same as
12.87 0.30 1.10 39.00 1 2
above.
L=40.10-
.80 1:6
2
2
()Plinth
=39.30m

6.29 0.20 0.80 39.30 1 3

2.76 0.10 0.70 39.40 1
2.37 0.10 0.60 39.50 1
1.98 0.10 0.50 39.60 1

12.70 0.80 0.40 39.70 1

Khalid mohammadi
 26.10

L=40.10- 15.88 - 0.40 39.70 1 2.5cm

.40
2 0.96 - 0.40 1.20 2
2 4
=39.70m
14.92

...
50.15 4.20 0.30 39.80 1
5
...
4.40 1
45.75

:
A
.1
.2
.3 1:6
D.P.C .4
.5

:
:
210cm 120cm D1
200cm 100cm D2
180 75cm D3

:
150cm W1 100cm
150cm W2 200cm
120cm W3 75cm

Khalid mohammadi
 60cm 75cm C.W Clerestory Window

:
150cm 100cm S

:
15cm
.

:
30cm =
+ .

)= (2 c. to c. length of long wall + 3 c. to c. length of short wall

)+ (2 c. to c. length of long wall + 2 c. to c. length of short wall
)= (2 10.60 + 3 5.30) + (2 9.60 + 2 4.80
= 37.10 + 28.80 = 65.90 m.

6 x .
30cm.
( 20cm )
= (c. to c. length of front wall + c. to c. length of side wall) + (c. to c. length of
back verandah long wall including bath + 2 c. to c. length of cross walls of
)bath room
= (9.65 + 2.25) + (9.65 + 2 2.75) = 11.90 + 15.15 = 27.05 m.

30cm
( )20cm .

( ):
0.90
= 63.20 = 6 65.90
2
= 56.88m3 = 1.00 0.90 63.20
Khalid mohammadi
 :
0.60 0.90
24.50m = 1- = 5 27.05
2 2
= 7.35m3 = 0.50 0.60 24.50

()m





56.86 1.00 0.90 63.20 1
1
7.35 0.50 0.60 24.50 1
64.23

17.06 0.30 0.90 63.20 1
2
3.06 0.20 0.60 25.50 1
20.12

1:6
()Plinth

7.69 0.20 0.60 64.10 1
3
6.44 0.20 0.50 64.40 1
23.29 0.90 0.40 64.70 1

2.07 0.20 0.40 25.85 1
5.44 0.70 0.30 25.90 1
44.93

2.4 2.5cm
25.88 - 0.40 64.70 1 4
0.60 - 0.30 0.50 4

Khalid mohammadi
 2.19 - 0.30 7.30 1 ( )
28.67

2.88 0.40 1.20 6 D1
0.80 0.40 1.00 2 D2
0.23 0.30 0.75 1 D3
3.91
24.76m2

78.00 4.00 0.30 65.00 1

15.98 3.05 0.20 26.20 1
93.98


4.54 2.10 0.30 1.20 6 D1
1.20 2.00 0.30 1.00 2 D2
0.27 1.80 0.20 0.75 1 D3
5

4.95 1.50 0.30 1.00 11 W1
0.90 1.50 0.30 2.00 1 W2
0.36 1.20 0.20 0.75 2 W3
Clerestory window,
2.43 0.60 0.30 0.75 18 C.W.
1.50 1.50 0.20 1.00 5 S

4.03 2.40 0.20 8.40 1

0.96 2.40 0.20 2.00 1

Khalid mohammadi
 3.26 2.40 0.20 6.80 1


0.405 0.15 0.30 1.50 6 D1
0.117 0.15 0.30 1.30 2 D2
0.029 0.15 0.20 0.95 1 D3

0.644 0.15 0.30 1.30 11 W1
0.103 0.15 0.30 2.30 1 W2
0.057 0.15 0.20 0.95 2 W3
0.770 0.15 0.30 0.95 18 C.W.
0.293 0.15 0.30 1.30 5

0.293 0.15 0.20 9.75 1
0.065 0.15 0.20 2.15 1
0.225 0.15 0.20 7.50 1
27.40
66.58

: .

Khalid mohammadi

.
.

.1 :

20mm
.

()m
)(m3

0.27 0.15 0.95 1.90 1 1

Khalid mohammadi
 0.18 0.10 0.95 1.90 1 2

0.324 0.20 0.90 1.80 1
0.162 0.15 0.60 1.80 1 3
0.081 0.15 0.30 1.80 1
0.567

1.62 0.30 1.80 3 *
1.08 0.15 1.80 4 **
0.27 0.15 0.90 2 *** 4
0.18 0.15 0.60 2
0.09 0.15 0.30 2
2
3.24m
* Treads
** Risers
*** Ends

0.90 0.30
0.486 = 1.80 )0.45 = (
2
= 0.081 = 0.05 0.90 1.80= 567m3

=
= 2.70 = )0.30 3 + 0.15 4( 1.80
= 2
0.90 0.30
= 3.24m2 = 0.54 ) 0.45 =( 2
2
: ( ) .
.

1.20 0.90 0.60 0.30

0.81m3 = 1.80 )0.60 = (
4

Khalid mohammadi

= 3.51 = )0.30 4 + 0.15 5( 1.80
1.20 0.90 0.60 0.30
= 4.41m2 ) 0.90 = 0.60 = ( 2
4

.2 :

1
:3 . 2.5 1:1
2

Khalid mohammadi



()m

0.71 0.20 1.10 3.2 1 1
0.53 0.15 1.10 3.20 1 2

0.690 0.23 1.00 3.00 1
0.338 0.18 0.75 2.50 1
3
0.180 0.18 0.50 2.00 1
0.068 0.18 0.25 1.50 1
1.276m3


1.125 0.25 4.5 1
0.900 0.18 5.00 1

0.875 0.25 3.50 1
0.720 0.18 4.00 1
4
0.625 0.25 2.50 1
0.540 0.18 3.00 1

0.375 0.25 1.50 1
0.360 0.18 2.00 1
0.270 0.18 1.50 1
5.790m2
2.5cm
5.00 5.00 1
4.00 4.00 1 5
3.00 3.00 1
2.00 2.00 1

Khalid mohammadi
 14.00r m

: Nosing 2-17 .

0.71m3 .1
0.53m3 .2
1.276m3 .3
2
5.79m .4
14.00 running meter. .5

.3 :

Khalid mohammadi
 1:3 .

.
( )Tread
( ) .

.

:R
:
h s2
R
2 8h
s h .
:
:
0.5 1.52
R4 0.81m
2 8 0.5
:
R3 = R4 + 0.30 = 0.81 + 0.30 = 1.11m
R2 = R3 + 0.30 = 1.11 + 0.30 = 1.41m
R1 = R2 + 0.30 = 1.41 + 0.30 = 1.71m
:s
) ( = 1.50m

= 2 R3 ( R3 0.80) 2 2 1.112 (1.11 0.80) 2 2.13m

2

= 2 R2 ( R2 1.1) 2 2 1.412 (1.41 1.1) 2 2.75m

2

= 2 R1 ( R1 1.4) 2 2 1.712 (1.71 1.4) 2 3.36m

2

= 3.46 + 0.20 = 3.56m

: Tread 60cm
.
= 1.5 + 0.6 = 2.10m = 2.1 + 0.60 = 2.70m
= 2.7 + 0.60 = 3.30m
h :

Khalid mohammadi
 ___ h = 0.50m = ___ h = 0.50 + 0.30
0.80m
___ h = 0.80 + 0.30 = 1.10m ___ h = 1.1 + 0.30 = 1.40m
2 h3
= ) (Area of Segment sh
3 2s
s h rise.

(:)arc length
8b 2a
= Curved length , where a = half straight length, b a 2 h 2
3
1.5
= ___ a 0.75, h 0.50, b 0.752 0.502 0.90
2
8 0.90 2 0.75
l4 1.90m
3
2.13
= ___ a 1.065, h 0.80, b 1.0652 0.802 1.33m
2
8 1.33 2 1.065
l3 2.84m
3
2.75
= ___ a 1.375, h 1.10, b 1.3752 1.102 1.76m
2
8 1.76 2 1.375
l2 3.78m
3
3.36
= ___ a 1.68, h 1.40, b 1.682 1.402 2.186m
2
8 2.186 2 1.68
l1 4.71m
3
= x
= x

Items No. L. B. Ht. or D. Qty.

2 1.53
1. Earthwork in excavation 1 { ( 3.56 1.5) } .15 .605 cu m
3 2 3.56

Khalid mohammadi
 2 h3
Area x depth = ( sh ) x depth
3 2s
2 1.53
2. Concrete in foundation 1 { ( 3.56 1.5) } .10 .403 cu m
3 2 3.56
3. Bricks in step __
2 1.43
1st step 1 { ( 3.36 1.4) } .20 .708
3 2 3.36
2 1.13
2nd step 1 { ( 2.75 1.1) } .15 .338
3 2 2.75
2 .83
3rd step 1 { ( 2.13 .8) } .15 .188
3 2 2.13
2 .53
4th step 1 { ( 1.5 .5) } .15 .081
3 2 1.5
Total 1.315 cu m
4. 20 mm cement plaster 1:3 __

4.71 3.78
1st step __ Tread 1 .30 _ 1.27
2
Riser 1 4.71 _ .15 .71

3.78 2.84
2nd step __ Tread 1 .30 _ .99
2
Riser 1 3.78 _ .15 .57

2.84 1.90
3rd step __ Tread 1 .30 _ .71
2
Riser 1 1.90 _ .15 .29

2 .53
4th step __ Tread 1 ( 1.5 .5) _ .54
3 2 1.5
Riser 1 1.5 _ .15 .23

Total 5.31 sq m

Khalid mohammadi
 Masonry Water Tank
:

:
1:6 _
12mm 12mm
1
5cm 1 : 1 : 3 30cm 1:4 . _
2
.
:
Rs. 350.00 .1
Rs. 220.00 .2
Rs. 320.00 .3 1:6
Rs. 8.50 12mm .4 1:2
Rs. 8.30 12mm .5 1:4
1
Rs. 55.00 5cm .6 1 : 1 : 3
2

:
footing
.

:
= 7.50 m =5.50 m
:
( 7.40 m = )40 cm =
. 5.40 m
( 7.30 m = )30 cm =
. 5.30 m

Khalid mohammadi
 Masonry Water Tank

()m





33.15 1.95 1.00 8.50 2
)1 17.55 1.95 1.00 4.50 2 1
36.56 1.25 4.50 6.50 1 ()
3
87.26m

)2 5.10 0.30 1.00 8.50 2 2
2.70 0.30 1.00 4.50 2

Khalid mohammadi
 7.00 0.20 5.00 7.00 1
3
14.80m
1:6
:

2.29 0.20 0.70 8.20 2
1.94 0.20 0.60 8.10 2
10.00 1.25 0.50 8.00 2 50 cm

1.34 0.20 0.70 4.80 2
)3 3
1.18 0.20 0.60 4.90 2
6.25 1.25 0.50 5.00 2 50 cm
:
6.24 1.00 0.40 7.80 2 40 cm
4.00 1.00 0.40 5.00 2 40 cm
2.28 0.50 0.30 7.60 2 30 cm
1.50 0.50 0.30 5.00 2 30 cm
3
37.02m
12 mm
35.00 2.50 - 7.00 2
)4 25.00 2.50 - 5.00 2 4
2
60.00m

12 mm
* 40 cm
19.50 1.25 - 7.80 2
14.50 1.25 - 5.80 2

** 30 cm
9.12 0.60 - 7.60 2
5
6.72 0.60 - 5.60 2

)5 :
4.56 - 0.30 7.60 2
3.00 - 0.30 5.00 2
2
57.40m

35.00m2 - 5.00 7.00 1 5 cm 6

Khalid mohammadi
 1)
L = 7.50 + 1.00 = 8.50 m
L = 5.50 1.00 = 4.50 m
L = 7.50 1.00 = 6.50 m
B = 5.50 1.00 = 4.50 m

2) Floor lime concrete is not taken with c.c. floor as sufficiently thick.

3) L = 7.50 + 0.70 = 8.20 m

L = 8.20 0.10 = 8.10 m
L = 8.10 0.10 = 8.00 m
L = 5.50 0.70 = 4.80 m
L = 4.80 + 0.10 = 4.90 m
L = 4.90 + 0.10 = 5.00 m
L = 4.90 + 0.10 = 5.00 m
L = 7.40 + 0.40 = 7.80 m
L = 5.40 0.40 = 5.00 m
L = 7.30 + 0.30 = 7.60 m
L = 5.30 0.30 = 5.00 m

4) Length may be taken as inner perimeter in one operation

Q = 24.00 * 2.50 = 60.00 sq m.

5) *Height including 10 cm offset and 15 cm below G.L.

**Height including 10 cm offset.

Abstract of Estimated Cost (Ex. Masonry Water Tank)

Item Particulars of Items Qty. Unit Rate Per Rs.

No. Rs.
1. Earthwork in excavation 87.26 cu m 350.00 % cu m 305.40
2. Lime concrete in foundation & floor 14.80 cu m 220.00 Cu m 3256.00
st
3. 1 class Brickwork in 1:6 cement mortar 37.02 cu m 320.00 Cu m 11846.40
4. 12 mm Cement plastering 1:2 with coarse sand 60.00 sq m 8.50 Sq m 510.00
5. 12 mm Cement plastering 1:4 with local sand 57.40 sq m 8.30 Sq m 476.42

6. 5 cm Cement concrete 1:1 1 2 :3 floor 35.00 sq m 55.00 Sq m 1925.00

Total 18319.22
Add 3% for Contingencies 549.58
Add 2% for Workcharged Establishment 366.38
Grand Total 19235.18

:
) Platform(
:
.3 .2 .1
2.5cm 7.5cm 2.5cm
1:6 12mm .4
.

Khalid mohammadi


.1
.2

.
.
.

.

Khalid mohammadi
 )490 lb/ft3( 7850 kg/m3 .

:
0.7 1.0
1.0 2.0
1.0 5.0
0.5 0.8

Cover
Cover 1.2 2 2.5
5 .

9 .
:
L = I + 18 dia

Khalid mohammadi

:
= L
= l
= Dia

45 :

Khalid mohammadi
 =
d 1
= ( d d 1) 0.42d 0.45d
sin 45 0.707

:
0.45d = 0.9d = 2
d
() cover .

( )30:

d d
= - = 2d 1.73d = 0.27d 0.3d
sin 30 tan 30

30 :

= 2 0.3d = 0.6d

Framed ( R.C.C :
)Building ( )Plinth Area Rate
:
( :)Brick work 20 cm
1:6 . 1:3
hoop iron 25 mm 1.5 mm .
:Reinforced Work R.C.C
( )1:3
Mild Steel . .
-:
i. R.C.C footing of columns 0.5%
ii. R.C.C beams 1.0%
iii. R.C.C columns 1.5%
iv. R.C.C chujja and sunshade 0.5%
v. R.C.C roof slab 0.8%

Khalid mohammadi
 :
. 12 8cm . 4 cm
fanlight 4 cm .
fittings.
12 mm ( :)Finishing
( )1:6 . .

SECTION ON ABC

Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
 Estimating of R.C.C Slab

.
)Details of Measurement and Calculation of Quantities (Ex. 2
R.C.C

()m
3

) (m


R.C.C
2.495 0.12 3.30 6.30 1 1
. 1:2:3

Khalid mohammadi


12 mm dia.@ 0.89
kg/m
Side cover 4 cm :
L = 3.3 2 side 24 cm c/c

covers + 2 hooks = (No

= 3.30 0.08 + 3.44 27 6.3 0.08

) 1 27
0.24 2
= )(18 x 0.012
3.44 m.

:
24 cm c/c
Adding one depth
6.3 0.08
8 cm for two bent 3.52 26 = (No 26 )
0.24
ups.
= 0.89 164.12
0.89 184.4 184.4
kg


6 mm dia. @ 0.22
kg/m

L = 6.3 0.08 +
18 cm c/c :
(18 = ) 0.006
6.33 12 = (No 2.00
) 1 12
6.33 m 0.18

:
6.33 3 2

:
6.33 3 2

33.42
0.22 151.92 151.92
kg
197.54

kg

Khalid mohammadi
 ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATED COST
1. R.C.C work 1:2:4 excluding steel
and its bending but including centering
and shuttering and bending of steel 2.495 m
3
675 Rs/m3 = Rs. 1684.12
2. Steel bars including bending ( mild
steel ) in R.C.C work 197.5 kg 5.15 Rs/kg = Rs. 1017.13
Total = Rs. 2701.25
Add 5% for Contingencies and Workcharged Establishment Rs. 135.06
Grand Total Rs. 2836.31

:
R.C.C ()
:
Area of centering and shuttering 6.00 m 3.00 m = 18 m2
Rs 20 per sq m
Cost of centering and shuttering = 18 20 = Rs. 360
. 5 overlaping ()
45 18
.

Khalid mohammadi
 Estimating of R.C.C Beam
: 8 m
40 cm 75 cm

R.C.C

()m




2.58 1:2:4
3
0.75 0.40 8.60 1 1
. m
end cover 4 cm
L = 8.6 2 end
covers + 2
hooks 20 mm
= 8.6 0.08 + 106.33 4 8.92 8.92 4 2.98
= )(18 x 0.022 kg = 2.98
8.92 m. 106.33 kg
2

L = 8.6
)0.08+(18 0.02
+ 0.6 = 9.48 m 93.66 4 9.48 9.48 4 20 mm
kg = 2.47 2.47 :
93.66 kg

Khalid mohammadi
 12 mm
0.89 kg/m

L = 8.6 0.08 +
( 18 0.012 ) = 2 8.74
8.74 m 15.56 0.89 = 8.74 2
kg 15.56 kg

0.62 10 mm
L = (2 65 + 12 kg/m
2 32) + 2 2.42 2 5 cm
hooks + extra
30 cm = 194 cm 20 cm
2.42 2 4
+ (18 1)+30
cm = 2.42 m
18 2.42
27.01
0.62 = 2.42 18
kg
27.01 kg
6 mm
14 2.42
7.45 0.22 kg/m
0.22 = 2.42 14
kg 35 5.2
7.45 kg
cm
250.01

kg

Abstract of Estimated Cost (Ex. 3)

Item Particulars of Items Qty. Unit Rate Amount
No. Rs. P. Rs. P.
1. R.C.C work 1:2:4 excluding steel and its
bending but including centering and
shuttering and binding of steel. 2.58 cu m 675.00 1741.50
2. Steel bars including bending (mild steel) in
R.C.C work. 250.01 kg 5.15 1287.55

Total 3029.05
3% Contingencies 90.87
2% Workcharged Establishment 60.58
Grand Total 3180.50

Khalid mohammadi
Note - (i) if centering and shuttering is paid separately, the area and cost can be found as
follows:-
Area of centering and shuttering = ( Bottom and two vertical sides length + two
ends.) = [(40 cm + 2 75 cm) 8.60 m] + (2 40 cm 75 cm) = (1.90 8.60) + (2 0.40
2
0.75) = 16.34 + 0.60 = 16.94 m .
Cost of centering and shuttering @ Rs. 20.00 per sq m = 16.94 20.00 = Rs. 338.80.
(ii) for overlapping at joints 5% of the whole steel may be provided in the estimate.
Length for hooks and bent ups in steel reinforcement bars for two hooks take
length as 18 dia. of bar. For 45 bent ups at both end; add one depth in between bars.

Khalid mohammadi
 R.C.C COLUMN WITH FOUNDATION
: R.C.C
:
Cover 5cm 4cm.

1 2 2 0.83 3.32m3 .1 :

1 2 2 0.08 0.32m3 .2 1:4:8

.3 1:2:4

1 2 2 0.25 1m3 :

Khalid mohammadi
 Prismoidal Formula :

h 0.50 2 2 0.35 2
( A1 4 Am A2 ) ({2 4 ) 0.352} 0.804m3
6 6 2

= 1.804 = 0.804 + 1 .

.4 1:2:4 :

1 0.35 0.35 0.6 0.074m3 :

0.32
( 1 ) 3.3 0.233m3 :
4

= 0.307 = 0.233 + 0.074 .

.5 :
12 mm 15 cm 0.89 kg/m

:
200cm 8cm
No. of bars 1 14 nos. one way
15

L 200 2 cov er 2hooks 200 2 4 18 1.2 213.6 214cm 2.14m

Qty 2 14nos 2.14 0.89 53.33kg
( )dowel bars 16 mm : 1.58 kg/m
L = 0.45 + 0.75 cover + bend = 1.2 0.08 + 0.15 = 1.27 m
Qty 6nos 1.27 1.58 12.04kg
16 mm : 1.58 kg/m
L = 3.3 + 0.6 + 0.1 + 0.1 = 4.10 m
Khalid mohammadi
Qty 6nos 4.11.58 38.87kg
: 0.62 kg/m 10 mm ) Ties(
3.90
No. of bars 1 27 nos.
0.15
L ( 0.22) 0.70m Qty 27nos 0.70 0.62 11.72kg
. 115.96 =
ABSTRACT OF COST (EX. 5)
Item Particulars of Items Qty. Unit Unit Total
No. cost Cost Rs.
1. Earthwork in excavation 3.32 cu m 3.50 11.62
2. cement concrete 1:4:8 in base with brick
ballast. 0.32 cu m 300.00 96.00
3. R.C.C work 1:2:4 in footing excluding steel and
its bending but including centering and
shuttering and binding steel. 1.804 cu m 625.00 1127.50
4. R.C.C work 1:2:4 in column above G.L
excluding steel and its bending but including
centering and shuttering and binding steel. 0.307 cu m 590.00 181.13
5. Steel reinforcement bars including bending 115.96 kg 5.15 597.19

Total 2013.44
Add 3% for Contingencies 60.40
Add 2% for Workcharged Establishment 40.27
Grand Total 2114.11

Note: Centering and shuttering if required may be estimated separately as follows:-

2.00 0.35
(a) Footing trapezium portion 4 nos. sloping height
2

4 1.175 (0.825) 2 0.52 4 1.175 0.964 4.531m2

4nos. 0.35 0.60

2
(b) Square portion above G.L up to plinth - = 0.84 m
(c) Circular portion above plinth - ( 0.30) 3.30 = 3.109 m2
2
Total = 8.48 m

Khalid mohammadi
 R.C.C STAIRCASE

Khalid mohammadi
 10 mm bars @ 12 4 cm side cover
cm c/c
12 mm bars @ 12 cm
c/c

10 mm bars @ 12 Distr. bars 8 mm @

cm c/c 25 cm c/c

Section through flights showing details of reinforcement

:
.

Khalid mohammadi
 R.C.C

()m




1:2:4
.

0.150 0.25 0.50 1.2 1

L = 3.21 m
1.156 0.15 1.20 3.21 2
Bearing = 15 cm 1

1.094 0.15 1.35 2.70 2

2.40 m3

2
0.495 1.20 1:4
m3

20 mm

10.56 1.20 Treads and

3
Rises
0.41 Ends of steps

10.97
m2
2.5 cm nosing
1.20 2 12
28.80 r - - in steps in 1:3 4
m cement mortar

Khalid mohammadi
 2.5 cm

1:2:4 5


6.48 m2 - 1.20 2.70 2

12 mm
109.16 0.89 kg/m
kg
10 mm
53.17 0.62 kg/m

kg

0.39 8 mm
. 6
45 kg kg/m

85.02
kg

292.35

kg
L = 2 * 3.21 + 0.4 6.82 R.C.C. 1:2:4
- - 6.82 1 7
L = 6.82 m rm Hand rail
R.C.C. 1:2:4
Newal Posts
0.01 0.10 0.10 1 1 Ground Floor 8
0.01 0.10 0.10 1 1 First Floor
3
0.02 m Total
Cap of Newal
9
2 nos. - - - 2 Post of c.c

:
12 mm 0.89 kg/m
:

Khalid mohammadi
 :

: 12 mm

10 mm 0.62 kg/m
:

: 10 mm

8 mm 0.39 kg/m
:

Khalid mohammadi
 :

: 8 mm

16 mm 2.01 kg/m
No = ( 11 2 2 ) + 3 in middle landing = 47 nos.
L = 0.90 m
W = 47 0.90 2.01 = 85.02 kg

Khalid mohammadi
 R..C.C RETAINING WALL
30 :

:
1:2:4 .1
Base Slab ( Toe and Heel ):
Quantity = No. Length Width Height
Quantity = 1 30 3 0.50 = 45.00 m3
3.60 m

Stem:
Quantity = 1 30 6.00 = 72.00 m3
Total = 45 + 72 = 117.00 m3
.2
Stem
Right side 60 cm
22 mm Dia. Bars
22 mm Dia. main bars @ 40 cm c/c ( full height )

L1 = 76 7.53 = 572.28 m

Khalid mohammadi
22 mm Dia. main bars up to 3.60 m ht. @ 40 cm c/c ( remaining bars )

L2 = 75 5.13 = 384.75 m

22 mm Dia. main bars up to 1.80 m ht. @ 20 cm c/c ( remaining bars )

29.90 2 0.10
No 1 150 nos
0.20

L 7.53 4.20 3.33 m

L3 = 150 3.33 m = 499.50 m; LT = 572.28 + 384.75 + 499.50 = 1456.53

m

Total of 22 mm bars = 1456.53 m 2.98 kg/m = 4340.46 kg.

14 mm Dia. bars
14 mm Dia. distributing bars right side if stem @ 25 cm c/c

6.50 0.05 0.07

No 1 26.5 nos
0.25

L 30m 2 cov ers 2overlaps 6hooks 30 2 0.05 (2 40 0.014) (6 9 0.014) 31.52 m

L1 = 27 31.52 = 851.04 m

14 mm Dia. vert. bars left side of stem @ 30 cm c/c

Khalid mohammadi
 30 0.10
No 1 101 nos.
0.30
L = 6.50 top and bottom covers + 2 hooks
= 6.50 ( 0.05 + 0.07 ) + ( 18 0.014 ) = 6.63 m
L2 = 101 6.63 = 669.63 m

LT = L1 + L2 = 851.04 + 669.63 = 1520.67 m

Total of 14 mm Dia. bars = 1520.67m 1.21kg 1840.00kg

m

10 mm Dia. bars
10 mm Dia. distributing bars left side stem @ 30 cm c/c

6.50 0.05 0.07

No 1 22 nos.
0.30
L 30.00 2 cov ers 2overlaps 6hooks 30.00 0.10 (2 40 0.01) (6 9 0.01)
L 31.06m
L1 22 31.06 683.32m

Base Slab
10 mm Dia. distributing bars at bottom (toe) @ 25 cm c/c

0.75 0.60 0.30 0.05

No 1 7nos.
0.25
L 31.06m
Length same as above.
L2 7 31.06 217.42m

10 mm Dia. distributing bars at top (heel) @ 20 cm c/c

Khalid mohammadi
 1.65 0.60 0.25 0.05
No 1 13nos.
0.20
L 31.06m
Length same as above.
L3 13 31.06 403.78m

LT L1 L2 L3 1304.52m

Total of 10 mm Dia. bars = 1304.52m 0.62 kg 808.80kg

m

16 mm Dia. bars
16 mm Dia. main bars at bottom (toe) @ 15 cm c/c

30 0.10
No 1 200nos.
0.15
L (0.75 0.60) 0.30 0.05 (18 0.016) 1.89m
L1 200 1.89m 378.00m

16 mm Dia. main bars at top (heel) @ 10 cm c/c

30 0.10
No 1 300nos.
0.10
L (1.65 0.60 0.25) 0.05 (18 0.016) 2.74m

L2 300 2.74m 822.00m

LT L1 L2 1200m

Total of 16 mm Dia. bars = 1200m 1.58 kg 1896kg

m

Grand Total of all bars = 8885.30 kg.

= 8.8853 ton.

Khalid mohammadi
 :

4cm Cover 10 mm dia 30 cm c/c 25mm bent up bars 2 nos. 12mm bars
6cm Cover

6cm Cover
10 mm dia 10 cm c/c

25mm straight bars

L-Section

Main bars 25mm

Section B-B Section A-A

Khalid mohammadi
 (
)members
( )welding Joint .


.
:
: Tie tie .
. : Strut strut
: Principal Rafter
P.R. .
: Purline
.
:King or queen post .
2.50 3.00
4.50 3.00 ,
.

Khalid mohammadi


.

(
) .
5 )Rivets (
.
( )Gusset Plates
18 .

.

Purlins .
.

.
:
) : Galvanized Iron Sheet (G.I. SHEET
3.20 m 2.80 m 2.50 m 2.20 m 1.10 m
10 80 cm .
.
): Asbestos Cement Sheet (A.C. SHEET
2.75 m 2.25 m 2.00 m 1.75 m 1.50 m
1.05 m . 3.00 m
. 7
:

Khalid mohammadi
 12 m x 6m
2.40
m ( )Gable wall .
:



.
()Ridge boards( )Purlins )Common Rafters (
( )Ceiling beams ()Battens ( )Wall Plates ()Eave boards
( )Ceiling battens
.

.

Item Particulars of No. Length Width Height Quantity Explanatory notes

No. Items and m m or
details Depth
of works m
1. Wood work
Principal rafter
12 x 10 cm 2 3.50 0.10 0.12 0.0840
Strut 10 x 10
cm 2 1.56 0.10 0.10 0.0312
King post 10 x
10 cm 1 1.80 0.10 0.10 0.0180
Tie beam 10 x

Khalid mohammadi
 12 cm 1 6.60 0.10 0.12 0.0792
Stop Pieces-
Foot of King
post 10 x 4 cm . 2 0.15 0.10 0.04 0.0012
Top of King
post 10 x 4 cm . 2 0.30 0.10 0.04 0.0024
Cleats for plinth
8 x 8 cm 2 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.0019
Total of one 0.2179
truss m3
Wood work for 4 x 0.2179 = 0.8716
4 trusses 0.8716
m3
Common rafters
10 x 6 cm at 80
12
cm c/c 2x16 4.10 0.06 0.10 0.7872 No. 1 16
0.8

Purlins 12 x 8
10 cm bearing in to
cm 2 12.20 0.08 0.12 0.2342 gable walls.
Ridge boards
15 x 5 cm 1 12.20 0.05 0.15 0.0915
Eave boards 20
x 2.5 cm 2 12.20 0.025 0.20 0.1220
Wall plates 10 x
8 cm 2 12.20 0.10 0.08 0.1952
Battens 4 x 4cm 2x14 12.20 0.04 0.04 0.5466
Ceiling beams
10 x 6 cm 6 12.20 0.06 0.10 0.4392

Ceiling battens
(in between
beams) 5 x 5
L = 6.00 6 x 0.6 =
cm 11 5.64 0.05 0.05 0.1551 5.64 m
Total 3.4426
m3
2. Iron Work
Three way
straps at the
ridge joint Length measured
50 x 6 mm 2 0.75 - - 1.50 from drawing

Khalid mohammadi
 U- shaped or
stirrup strap for
central bottom
joint Wt. of 50 x 6mm
50 x 6 mm 1 1.30 - - 1.30 M.S. Flat = 2.4 kg/m
Heel straps
inverted U-
shaped
(inclined) or the
end joints 50 x
6 mm 2 0.80 - - 1.60
Total ... 4.40 m 4.40 x 2.4 kg/m
10.56 = 10.56 kg
Anchor bolts 20 kg
mm dia. @ 2.47
kg/m 2 0.30 - - 1.48 kg 0.60 x 2.47 =1.48
kg
Head and nuts
@ 0.25 kg/No 2 - - - 0.50 kg
2 x 0.25 = 0.50 kg
Anchor washer
8 mm thick @
62.8 kg/sq m 2 0.08 0.08 - 0.82 kg
0.013 x 62.8 = 0.82
Total for one kg
truss 13.36 kg

Iron work for 4

trusses 4 53.44 kg 4 x 13.36 = 53.44
kg
3. Tiled Roofing
Excluding 10 cm over end
battens 2 12.20 4.10 - 100.04 walls.
2
m Battens taken under
4. Tiled ridge 1 12.20 - - 12.20 m wood work.

5. A.C. (plain)
sheet ceiling
including
2
beading 1 12.00 6.00 - 72.00 m Ceiling beams and

Khalid mohammadi
 battens are taken
under wood work
6. Painting two Width column is for
coats over one perimeter.
coat of priming

Principal rafter Perimeter = (12+10)
12 x 10 cm 2 3.50 0.44 - 3.08 x 2 = 44 cm.
Strut 10 x 10
cm 2 1.56 0.40 - 1.25
King post 10 x
10 cm 1 1.80 0.40 - 0.72
Tie beam 10 x
12 cm 1 6.60 0.44 - 2.904

Total for one 7.954 m2

truss

Painting for 4
trusses 4 31.816
m2
Common rafters
10 x 6 cm 2x16 4.1 0.32 - 41.984
Purlins 12 x 8
cm 2 12.20 0.40 - 9.760
Ridge boards
15 x 5 cm 1 12.20 0.40 - 4.880
Eave boards 20
x 2.5 cm 2 12.20 0.45 - 10.980

Wall plates 10 x
8 cm 2 12.20 0.36 - 8.784

Battens 4 x 4
cm 2x14 12.20 0.16 - 54.656
Ceiling beams
10 x 6 cm 6 12.20 0.32 - 23.424

Ceiling battens
5 x 5 cm 11 5.64 0.20 - 12.408

Khalid mohammadi
 A.C. sheet
ceiling including
beading 1 12.00 6.00 - 72.00
Total 270.692
m2

Khalid mohammadi

.
.
10
.
:
.1

.2



.3
.4

.
5 10
. 15 20



1.5 .

:

.
:

1.25 m3 1
1.00 m3 2
1.5 m3 ( ) 3
1.25 m3 4
0.55 m3 5
5.00 m2 () 6
0.80 m3 7
8.50 m3 8
0.40 m3 9
3
0.40 m 10
6.00 m3 11
5.00 m3 1:2:4 12
1.00 m3 ()R.B 13
3.00 m3 ()R.C.C 14
8.00 m2 12 mm 15
10.00 m2 16
2
70 m 17
2
200 m 18
2
25 m 19
2
35 m 20
2
5.00 m ( )6 mm 2 cm 21
2
0.15 m 22
3
0.25 m 25 mm 23
3
0.40 m 40 mm 24
3.00 m3 25

Khalid mohammadi
 2.00 m3 26
1.00 m3 27
4.00 m3 28
600 29
30
3.00 m3 :
4000 :
15
3
5.50 m :

:
: 2.83 m3
.1

2.83 1.5 9 :
.
.2
15 :
2.83 m3
.
: 2.83 m3

2.83 m3
.
:
1 .1
2.83 m3
.
: .2

3
. 9.60 m
.3

.
3
: 2.83 m
:
3
2.83 m
.

: 2.83 m3
1:4
4 2 :
2.83 m3
.
:
: .1
0.18 m3
.
15 : .2
40 mm
. 2 x 1.15 m2
:

Khalid mohammadi

4 cm 40 m2
.
:
12 mm .1
:
40 m2
.
: .2
. 60
: .3
2
10 m
.

:
( )Strength
( )Workability of Concrete .
.

:
M 250 W/C = 0.45 1:1:2
M 200 W/C = 0.50 1:1.5:3
M 150 W/C = 0.55 1:2:4
M 100 W/C = 0.65 1:3:6
M 50 W/C = 0.75 1:4:8
:
.1 1.52

152
.
:
= 100 m3
= 100 m3 + 52 % (100 m3) = 152 m3
1:2:4 ) (
:

152 152
( 1 ) 1 21.7 m3
1 2 4 7
( ) 50 )30 (
.

152
2 152 43.4 m3
4 7 86.9 m 3
7
Khalid mohammadi
 100 .2
2.5
1:2:4
:

100 0.025 2.5 m 3

10

2.5 0.10 2.5 2.75 m 3

50

2.75 0.50 2.75 4.125 m 3

4.125 4.125
( 1 ) 1 0.589 m3
1 2 4 7

4.125
2 1.179 m 3
7

4.125
4
2.357
m3
.3
7 2 100
.
100 .4
1:2:4 4

:

100 0.04 4.00 m 3

10

4 0.10 4 4.40 m 3
50

4.4 0.50 4.4 6.60 m 3

6.60 6.60
( 1 ) 1 0.943 m 3
1 2 4 7

6.60
2 1.886 m3
7
152 .5 7
.
6.60
4 3.771 m 3
sum of constructi on material proportion
7
Khalid mohammadi
 100 .6
6
1
1:1
2
:
1.08 1.08
( 1 ) 1 0.40 m 3
11 1 2.50
2

1.08
1.5 0.60 m 3
2.50

Buildings Glossary
Section Name
No English Entries
English
peg
plant -
Preliminaries

preliminaries -

set out survey

1

shed -

signboard ()
survey mark
bill of quantities -
)(BOQ -
Requirements

.
General

diagram -
2

.
document - -
layout - -
levels

Demolit

contaminated


ion

demolition -
3

encroachment -
Khalid mohammadi
 explosives
infective
liquid -
hazardous
material
noxious -
salvage -

toxic

bark
bulk
bulkhead



.
density
disposal
.
Site preparation

drip line
embankment -
4

erosion ( )
grubbing
plant -
rubbing
rubbish -
rubble
scrap
scrub
spoil
.
stockpile

Khalid mohammadi
 stump -
trunk

bearing surface
boulders
cavities -

datum -
earthwork -
excavation
excess -
fault
-
Earthwork

fill maternal

.
5

fissure ( )
layer -
line of influence
piling
pond -
shoring
silt -
strip
turnaround
underpinning ( )
unstable -
Khalid mohammadi
 dewatering -

trenching
Service

.
6

reinstate
trench - -
.

earth block
Earth block

nailer -
walling

.

7

pit- mixed mud (

)
sprinkle ()

arch -
chase (
)


- -
-
.

Brickwork

Chip
coal -
8

crack -
english bond

.
flaws
frog ( )



.

Khalid mohammadi
 holding down nailing
bolts block

.
joint -
morter smears (
)
nailing block ( )

.
ring beam
.
nodule
rake
.
scrubbed -
( )
Vitrify (
)

bracing .
course - -
- .
foamed -
footing ( )
foundation

Stonework

igneous stone
jointing
9

lintel
pointing
quarry
raking -
(
)
sandstone -
taping ( )

Khalid mohammadi
 tooting


.
apex -

Light steel work

prefabricated

10

.
unseasoned -
timber
.

corrugated metal
sheet
cured corrugated
sheet .
downpipe
.
eave -

Roofing

flashing

11

flat metal sheet

glazed roofing
grating ( )
gutter ( ) -
.
piercing
rainwater heads gutter
downpipe
.

Khalid mohammadi
 ridge -
roof cappings
.
skylight
sump

.
ventilator

barrel bolt

.
bristles (


Doors and door hardware

buffer (
)
closer
12

.
door trims -
.

doorset -

hardware
.
ferrul ( )
Khalid mohammadi
 fire-doorset
fixed pin hinge ( )
flashing
floor socket

.
flush door -



.
furniture
hardware


.
.
hinge
joinery door

.
latch
louver blades
.
louvered door
( )

.
nib -

rails
( )
reveal
smoke - door set
spreader


.

Khalid mohammadi
 square edges - 90
( - -
)
sticking
stile (
)
strike plate

( .
)
timber veneer
tower bolt
.
weathering
wide throw hinge

.


.

abrasion
backing rod
(
.

) .

Glazing

EPDM

13

.
glazing -
glazing plastic
.
impregnated ( )
obscuring -
( )

Khalid mohammadi
 rebated timber
beads


.
sash - .
selvering
)sheaves (sheaf (
)
.
toughend glass
wheater strip
-
.

( )
.

Angle bead (
bead )
bead


. bead

Plastering

.
14

cease
drip bead
)
hoeing -
hydrated lime
mature bin
.

Khalid mohammadi
 mechanical key

.

niche
quicklime
stop bead bead

.

back off
( - )
bonding treatment

( )
.

bucket
{( )} (
tiling

bulk
15

)
caulked joint .
conspicuous -
damp -
dampening
deleterious
dense concrete
efflorescing sat

Khalid mohammadi
 floor finish devider finish
.
glazed
grout ( )
grouting () -
inhibit
nib -

.
nominal
paver ( )
( ) .

pigment -
.
porous tile
render
screeded bed
surface
.
sealant
.
set out - -
shrinkage -
situ -
soak -
terra cotta tiles (
).
terrazzo
tiling
toppings -
trowel - -

voids
bead .
Paintin

(
16

clear finish coat

g

Khalid mohammadi
 coat .
gloss
opaque coat (
)
putty
sanding
stain () -
tinting

veneer ( )

constraints -
cowl ( )


.
down pipe .

gauge (
)
water services

hose

jagged -
17

non-habitable (

)

reel -

.
strainer

.
substrate -

Khalid mohammadi
 V=L*W*H .1 :
D= b2+a2 +c2 .2 :
P=AB+AC+BC .3 :
V=1/3 W* H * L .4 :
A=6 a 2 .5 :
A=r2 .6 :
V=r2 *h .7 :
V=4/3r3 .8 :
A=4r2 .9 :
A=*d .10 :
A=L*W .11 :
A=a2 .12 :
A=b*h .13 :
A=1/2b*h .14 :
3/4*a2 =A .15 :

AOB=1/2 *b*s : -16

V=b*h : -17
=s /r : -18
V=1/3r2 *h : -19
A=1/2(a+b)h : -20
/R=D/180=G/200 : -21
V=Q/A : -22
Q=vol/t : -23

Khalid mohammadi
 P=F/A : -24
F=M*G : -25
P=Q*A : -26
Q=AD/T : -27
A=QT/D : -28
D=QT/A : -29
T=AD/Q : -30
F1/sin=F2/sin=F3/sin : -31

F22 +F32+ 2F2*F3*cos : -32

F1=
: -33
water/cement=0.5
/162.162*L : -34
W=D2
M=F*L : -35
W=0.65*H : -36
=M/V : -37
: -38
1*V1*A1=2*V2*A2
V1*A1=V2*A2=Q : -39

P=*G*H : -40
: -41
Abar1*Nbar1=Abar2*Nbar2
: -42
Lbar=Wslab/specing*Lslab
: -43
e=m/n
: -44
spc=100*r2/Aslab
As=m/Ra*h* =0.9 ra=2100kg/cm 2 : -45

Khalid mohammadi


kg/m2 kg/m2

48 1.2 40 W=0.02m DL 1
=2000kg/m3
32.4 1.2 27 DL 2
W=0.015m
=1800kg/m3
38.4 1.2 32 DL 3
W=0.02m
=1600kg/m3
360 1.2 300 DL 4
W=0.12m
=2500kg/m3
420 1.4 300 LL 5

DL=478.8kg/m2 (: )g
P=420kg/m2 (: )p
q=g+p=478.8+420=900kg/m2 :

:
IB = b*h / 12 =0.25*0.503 /12 = 0.0026 m 4
3
:
IC = 0.35*0.35/12 = 0.00125 m 4 :

:
iB = m*IB / LB :
iC = m*IC / hC :
Bea m= 1 :
m Colu Beam (0.25x0.5)m
Khalid mohammadi mn
 Column (0.35x0.35)m

Cover in beam or ring beam = 0.025cm.

Cover in column and sapal = 0.05cm.

Spacings .........:
12.......................................................
30.........................................................
20........................................................
........... 15 ..............

.................................................................... .1
......................... .2

............................................................... .3
, ................................................... .4
............................................................. .5
................................................................. .6
............................................................ .7

...................................... .8
................................................................. .9
................................................. .10
.................................................................. .11

................................................................. .12
.................................................. .13
...................................... .14
................................................. .15
...................... .16
, .................. .17

.............................. .18
............................................................ .19
................................................................... .20
Khalid mohammadi
Khalid mohammadi
 Weight .............................

565.25 565248 80 1
7.07 7065.6 4 1
1.77 1766.4 4 1
0.44 441.6 4 1
0.11 110.4 24 1
0.005 4.6 24 1

Area ..........................

5 1
100 1 20
1/ 5 2000 1 20 400
1 10000 5 100 2000

10-8 -: :
.1 ( )
.2
.3
.4
.5 ( )
.6
.7
.8 ( )

-: :

Khalid mohammadi

.

-: :
-
-
-: :
( )
-: :
.

-: :

Slope = tog @ = vertical / horizontal

* ** =
= / =
= / =
= / =

Khalid mohammadi
 :

:
3
250m =
100m2 =
300m2 =

:
3
50m =
30m2 =
150m3 =

Brick = 50*100/250 = 20%

Plaster = 30*100/100 = 30%
Masonry (curse) = 150*100/300 = 50%

Progress of work = 20+30+50 = 100/3 = 33.33%

Thickness Pavement of road:

1. Thickness of asphalt = (8 to 12) cm.
2. Thickness of concert = (18 to 22) cm.
3. Thickness of stone = (10 to 16) cm.
4. Thickness of gravel = (10 to 35) cm.

Layer of road:
1. Wearing course.
2. Surface course.
3. Binder course.
4. Base course.
5. Sub base course.
6. Sub grade.

: -
) 5% (
.

Q = 0.5(g+p) = Q = 0.5*q*lb
Khalid mohammadi
 Q = 0.5*1.97*6 = 5.91T
Q<RT*Bw*hb

RT = 7.2T
Bw = 25cm
Hb = 51.5cm

Q<RT*Bw*hb
5.91<7.2*25*51.5
5.91<9.27 .

Beam load ..................................:

Bload = (hb-hs)bw.&.n , & = 2.5t/m3 , n = 1.1, hb = 0.5m , hs =

0.12m , bw = 0.25
Bload = (0.5-0.12)0.25*2.5*1.1 = 0.26t

slab concrete .......................... :

Sconcret = hs*n*&*1.2 = 0.12*1.1*2.5*1.2 = 0.396t/m2

Csap = hc+wsap+2hsap = 0.4+0.8+2*0.4 = 2m

e = M/N
N = M/e
Psoil = N/Asap
2
Asap = (hc+2hsap)
P<0.75*RT*Csap*hsap
P = N-Asap*Psoil

Khalid mohammadi



Cm2 Kg/M mm
0.0078 0.006 1
0.049 0.038 2.5
0.017 0.055 3
0.096 0.075 3.5
0.126 0.098 4
0.159 0.125 4.5
0.196 0.154 5
0.238 0.188 5.5
0.283 0.222 6
0.385 0.302 7
0.503 0.495 8
0.606 0.499 9
0.785 0.617 10
1.131 0.888 12
1.539 1.208 14
2.011 1.578 16
2.545 1.998 18
3.142 2.466 20
3.801 2.984 22
4.525 3.551 24
4.909 3.853 25
5.389 4.168 26
5.726 4.495 27
6.158 4.839 28
7.069 5.549 30
8.042 6.513 32
10.180 7.990 36
12.566 9.860 40

Khalid mohammadi


Lit/M3 Kg/M3
Kg/M3 M3/M3
135 60 1.120 150
140 100 1.090 200
145 120 1.055 250
150 135 1.020 300
150 150 1.005 325
155 170 0.990 350

Lit/M
3 Kg/CM Kg/M
1.5:1 2:1 2 3
135 0.90 0.60 1.01 0.50 60 150
0 0 0
140 0.85 0.57 0.97 0.48 100 200
5 0 0 5
145 0.81 0.54 0.93 0.46 120 250
0 0 0 5
150 0.76 0.51 0.89 0.44 135 300
8 0 0 5
150 0.76 0.50 0.88 0.44 150 325
0 5 0 0
155 0,75 0.50 0.86 0.43 170 350
0 0 5 5

Kg/CM2
250 200 170 150 100
177 177 170 167 177 1
402 361 298 276 268 2

Khalid mohammadi
626 640 683 713 707 1 3
540 551 564 562 557 2 3 4
660 673 689 686 680 4 5
75 60 45 35 60 6
2463 2470 2470 2455 2445 - 7
kg/m3
66:34 66:34 65:35 64:36 64:36 8

()
Kg/CM3
250 200 170 150 100
44 41 57 60 66 -
Kg
4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5
100 100 100 100 100 Kg
2 2 2 2 2
156 177 229 256 246 Kg 1
3.5 4 5 5.5 6
134 153 189 202 208 Kg -2
3 3 4 4.5 4.5 3
164 186 231 247 256 Kg 4
4 4.5 5.5 5.5 6

Kg/CM2
Kg Kg
- 4 85-105
- 110 4 9
50 110 10 24
120 110 25 49
200 20 50 96
350 35 100 199
Khalid mohammadi
 450 45 200

.
%40 ( )3-1
%5 .

M3 M3 M3 Kg Kg : :

0.148 1.04 0.216 153 53 24 : 5 : 1 50/110
0.183 1.00 0.200 142 120 10 : 2 : 1 120/110
0.144 1.00 0.250 178 60 20 : 5 : 1 60/140
0.133 0.98 0.245 175 98 12 : 3 : 1 100/140
0.148 0.87 0.346 246 104 10 : 4 : 1 110/170
0.123 0.92 0.360 255 48 23 : 9 : 1 110/180
0.123 0.90 0.300 213 120 9:3:1 110/210
0.210 0.75 0.431 306 149 6 : 3.5 : 1 200/300

: ( )710
.

M3 M3 M3 Kg Kg : :

0.300 1.03 0.232 165 52 20 : 4.5 : 1 50/110
0.300 1.00 0.275 195 50 20 : 5.5 : 1 50/190
0.320 0.80 0.400 284 103 8:4:1 100/210
0.320 0.90 0.300 213 103 9:3:1 100/150
0.320 0.90 0.300 213 150 6:2:1 150/150
Khalid mohammadi


M3 M3 Kg :
0.209 1.11 220 6:1 200
0.230 1.08 260 5:1 250
0.251 1.09 312 4:1 300
0.280 1.01 346 3.5 : 1 350
0.290 0.98 390 3:1 400
0.300 0.93 445 2.5 : 1 450
0.280 0.87 520 2:1 500

M3 M3 M3 Kg :

0.120 1.060 0.236 168 4.5 : 1 110
0.116 1.040 0.260 185 4:1 130
0.116 1.020 0.288 205 3.5 : 1 140
0.116 0.975 0.325 230 3:1 150
0.143 0.925 0.371 263 2.5 : 1 180
0.130 0.865 0.433 307 2:1 210
0.130 0.780 0.520 396 1.5 : 1 250

Khalid mohammadi
 M3 M3 Kg :
0.320 1.000 340 3:1
0.320 0.900 450 2:1
0.340 0.810 540 3:2
0.350 0.680 680 1:1

- - Kg - M3
M3
0.98 0.49 100 12: 6: 1 60
0.96 0.48 120 10 : 5 : 1 75
0.94 0.47 150 8 :4 : 1 100
0.92 0.46 200 6:3:1 120
0.92 0.46 250 5 : 2.5 :1 135
0.90 0.45 276 4 : 2: 1 150
0.81 0.54 296 3: 2 : 1 170
0.84 0.42 390 3 : 1.5 : 1 200
0.80 0.4 402 2: 1 : 1 250

Kg/M3

1800 ( 1
)
1700 ( 2
)
1600 ( 3
)
2400 4
2400 5
2000 6

1400 7
- 2200 8
2300
2400 9
Khalid mohammadi
 Kg/M3

1440 10
1760 11
- 1840 12
1410
- 2000 13
1600
- 1600 14
1540
- 2000 15
1760
- 2000 16
1800
1000 17
1800 ( ) 18
1700 ( ) 19
1600 ( ) 20
1100 ( ) 21
600 22
800 23
1200 24
300 25
2200 26
2000 27
1800 28
400 29
2600 30
1000 31
200 32
400 33
900 34
7850 35

Khalid mohammadi
S.No Type of work Mix.
Recommended
1 For rich mix. Concrete work in M 250 (1 : 1 : 2)
columns, beams etc.
For water retaining structures, piles, M 200 ( 1 : 1.5 : 3 )
2 per- cast works or in situation where
dense concrete is desired.
3 Reinforced concrete beams, slabs, M 150 (1 : 2 : 4 )
and columns roads. Etc.
4 Foundations for buildings , mass M 100 ( 1 : 3 : 6 )
reinforced concrete works , machine
foundation etc.
5 For mass concrete. 1:4:8

Kg/cm2 Kg/cm2
M - 100 135 100
M - 150 200 150
M - 200 260 200
M - 250 320 250
M - 300 380 300
M - 350 440 350
M - 400 500 400
Bearing Overall Overall Reinforcement
Clear length at length slab Longitudinal bars
span M each end of slab thickness Bottom bars Top bars
mm m mm Dia Spacing Dia Spacing
mm mm mm mm
1.0 300 1.6 190-150 16 150- 10 300
115
1.5 300 2.1 220-180 16 105-90 10 300
2.0 300 2.6 240-215 16 100-80 10 300
2.5 300 3.1 270-245 16 90-75 10 300

Khalid mohammadi
3.0 300 3.6 305-275 16 75-70 10 300
3.5 300 4.1 340-315 16 60-65 10 300
4.0 300 4.6 370-345 16 100-90 10 300
5.0 400 5.8 420-395 16 90-75 10 300
6.0 400 6.8 475-445 16 75-68 10 300
RENFOCEMENT DETAILS FOR RCC SLABS FOR CULVERTS
Freely supported with 75mm thickness Asphalt Concrete Wearing Coat.

Reinforcement steel Total quantity Total quantity of

Transverse bars of steel per Concrete per span
Bottom bars Top bars span Cu.metres
Dia Spacing Dia Spacing Tones
mm mm mm mm
16 150- 10 300 0.582 - 0.662 3.65 - 2.88
125
16 150- 10 300 0.848 - 1.054 5.55 - 4.54
100
16 125- 10 300 1.117 - 1.268 7.48 - 6.71
100
16 125- 10 300 1.500 - 1.634 10.40 - 9.30
150
16 125- 10 300 1.861 - 2.000 13.20 - 11.88
150
16 125- 10 300 2.184 - 2.278 16.80 - 15.47
150
16 125- 10 300 2.506 - 2.506 20.41 - 19.05
150
16 125- 10 300 3.402 - 3.307 29.26 - 27.7
150
16 125- 10 300 4.513 - 4.581 38.80 - 36.30
150

Khalid mohammadi


Kg/m kg/m Kg/m kg/m
m
m

2230 70 100 1 1825 85 100 1

478 2 580 45 45 2
3366 1600 3 1010 70 15 3
815 45 70 4 964 100 100 4
3172 1450 5 732 45 100 5
150 6 360 100 6
914 150 7 2550 45 50 7
1200 45 90 8 1146 45 100 8
770 9 2183 100 200 9
2114 10 150 10
1020 11 750 11
550 45 75 12 2000 200 12
780 55 50 13 700 150 13
2262 14 1200 14
596 15 1280 135 15
1590 16 45 100 16
496 17 2070 55 150 17
Khalid mohammadi
1905 45 150 18 2800 240 18
1040 19 804 80 19
1791 20 1830 70 200 20
1797 100 21 1565 85 100 21

.


.





.

REFERENCES
1. Prof. M.Mirwais
2006.
Estimation and its Conventional types in Construction.
2. Prof. B.N. Dutta, Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering.
Twenty-Fifth Revised Edition, 2001.
3. Different Internet sites
4. Ministry of Public Work.
Man Power Manual last Edition, 1965

Khalid mohammadi