Types of Equipment for Construction

 Excavators - Excavators are large construction equipment that can be available

over wheels or tracks; the latest one considered the standard in the industry. The
most common uses of an excavator are material handling, digging of trenches,
holes, and foundations, brush cutting with hydraulic attachments, demolition,
rough grading, heavy lifting and pipe installation, mining, river dredging.

 Backhoe Loaders - Backhoe loaders are very similar to tractors with a slight
difference: they contain an adjustable, shovel in front of the equipment, and a
small bucket in the back of the loader used for digging.

 Bulldozers- Bulldozers are considered one of the strongest and most reliable
heavy equipment used in the construction industry. They are normally used to
push piles of earth and for rough/fine grading depending on the size of the
bulldozer. Its weight can be used to crush larger boulders among other action.
 Skid-Steer Loaders- Skid steer loaders are one of the most versatile machines
available in the construction industry. This equipment, really simple to operate,
can turn within their own footprint, just like a tank, so it is ideal in confined spaces
or in areas where construction activity has been finalized.

 Motor Graders - Motor graders are heavy equipment used to fine grade and
move small amounts of dirt. They have a long blade that can be adjusted to meet
certain angles to create a flat surface.

 Crawlers Loaders - Combining the capabilities of an excavator with a backhoe,

this one will be able to get increase your production when you are hauling
material off or on-site because they are track mounted, they can move easily
without the need of additional transportation. The can be used to load spoils into
trucks and to dump soil in different locations.
 Trenchers - A trencher is construction equipment used to dig trenches on which
pipes can be laid down. There are several trencher models: walk-behind
modules, small size operated trenchers or heavy trenching equipment that can
be used to trench pavement asphalt and other hard surfaces.

 Scrapers - A scraper can move dirt and aggregates within the site easily and
without the needs of additional equipment. This type of heavy equipment is used
in large open areas when they can run at higher speeds and facilitate the cut and
fill activities.

 Common Dump Trucks – Dump trucks are needed on almost every site and
they are considered construction heavy equipment. There are multiple sizes and
variations to move your load easily and effectively.
 Other Construction Equipment - There many other like cranes, rollers,
telehandlers, forklifts and many others that can be used at your site. Every
construction site will need to be analyzed to make sure the right heavy
equipment is being used and their operation is being maximized.

 Smooth-wheel rollers - These are most suitable for compacting gravels, sand
and such like materials.

 Sheep-foot rollers - It consist steel cylindrical drum with projection extending

radial direction outward from surface of cylinder & may be propelled or towed by
tractor. It is suitable for silty & clay sand, medium and heavy clay.
 Types of Masonry Tools

1. Trowels- The Masonry trowel is a hand trowel used in brickwork or stonework for
leveling, spreading and shaping mortar or concrete.

2. Chisels- A chisel is used to cut bricks into specific sizes. Chisel width ranges
from 2 1/2 to 4 1/2 inches.
3. Hammer- A masonry hammer has a square face on one end for breaking; it has
a sharp edge on the other for cutting. They are used to split hard bricks.

4. Jointer- A jointer is used to make mortar joints. There are three types of jointer
shapes: flat, pointed and rounded.

5. Squares- Squares are used when constructing and measuring right angles and
for corner layouts. They are usually made of metal for durability.
6. Mason’s Level- A mason’s level is used when establishing vertical or plumb
lines and horizontal or level lines. They are typically made of wood, metal, or a
combination of both. They come equipped with either single or double vials. The
latter is preferred by more masons since they can be used for both horizontal and
vertical measurements.

7. Straightedge- Straightedges act as extensors to mason’s levels: they are used

when levels are shorter than the area that needs to be measured or assessed.
The middle section of the top of the straightedge must be horizontally parallel to
the bottom section. Widths of these tools range from 1 1/8 to 1 1/2 inches; they
can be as long as 16 feet.

8. Plumb Bob- A plumb-bob or a plummet is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on

the bottom that is suspended from a string and used as a vertical reference line,
or plumb-line. It is essentially the vertical equivalent of a "water level".
 Types of Concrete Finishing

1. Troweling or Floating- Once the concrete has been tooled with a screed,
concrete finishers utilize trowels to smooth and fine-level the surface of the
concrete. This can be accomplished through manual or mechanical means. To
smooth concrete manually a hand trowel, which is typically composed of a flat
steel blade with attached handle, is pushed and pulled across the concrete
surface. Power trowels are available and are typically used on large commercial
and industrial projects where using hand trowels are not feasible. Power trowels
resemble large fans with the blades sitting directly against the concrete. These
power trowels are available in both walk behind and riding versions.

2. Edging- Edging of the concrete is conducted to provide rounded or bevelled

edges on the finished concrete as well as to create joints where needed in the
surface to help minimize cracking. A specific edging tool is used to accomplish
this task, and requires quite a bit of practice to master.
3. Broom Finish- In order to make concrete surfaces slip resistant, a broom finish
can be applied. This is done after placement, leveling, and troweling of concrete.
Once a smooth surface has been created, a broom is dragged across the surface
of the concrete to create small ridges that provide for traction control, particularly
when the concrete surface is wet. Concrete surfaces without a broom finish tend
to be slippery and dangerous when liquids are present on the surface.

4. Exposed Aggregate Concrete- Exposed Aggregate Concrete is the first

finished concrete product on the list that uses a different aggregate than that of
Slick Troweled or Broom Finished. The reason is that the aggregate is revealed
or ‘exposed’ through a multi-step process that removes the cement or ‘paste’
from the exposed surface area.
 5. Stamped Concrete- Stamped Concrete finishing can be worked to mimic stone,
brick, wood and other materials. A variety of colours that can be placed into the
concrete as dyes and pigments along with the release agents that assist the
stamps from not sticking to the concrete.

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Baguio, Rhey Ar. Rhea Vanessa Omay

Ladera, Princess Earl

Sabas, Cristelin

San Juan, Rica Patricia

Samoya, Reymark

Tubilag, Keneth Jeferson