LIPUNAN – ito ay tawag sa isang grupo o isang pangkat ng mga tao na binibigyan ng

katangian o paglalarawan sa mga huwaran ng mga pagkakaugnay ng bawat indibidwal na

binabahagi ang naiiba-ibang kultura at / o mga institusyon. Sa madaling salita, ang lipunan
ay mga indibidwal o mga taong may mga ugnayan sa isa’t isa na silang nagtutulungan at
nagkakaisa

Pamilya- Ayon kay Pierangelo Alejo(2004), ang pamilya ang pangunahing institusyon sa
lipunan na nabuo sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakasal ng isang lalaki at babae dahil sa
kanilang walang pag- iimbot, puro, at romantikong pagmamahal- kapwa nangakong
magsasama hanggang sa wakas ng kanilang buhay.

 ay isang pagmamahal sa kapwa sa pamamagitan ng kawanggawa, kabutihang loob,

at paggalang o pagsunod.

BAKIT ANG PAMILYA AY ISANG LIKAS NA INSTITUSYON?

 Ang pamilya ay pamayanan ng mga tao na kung saan ang maayos na paraan ng
pag-iral at pamumuhay ay nakabatay sa ugnayan.
 . Ang pamilya ang una at pinakamahalagang yunit ng lipunan. Ito ang pundasyon ng
lipunan at patuloy na sumusuporta dito dahil sa gampanin nitong magbigay- buhay.
 Mahalagang misyon ng pamilya ang pagbibigay ng edukasyon, paggabay sa
mabuting pagpapasiya, at paghubog ng pananampalataya.

3 Aspekto ng kaganapan ng tao

1.)Paggalang sa pagkatao ng bawat indibidwal2.)Paggalang sa kabutihan at pag-unlad ng

buong lipunan3.)Paggalang sa kasiguruhan ng katarungang panlipunan

Uri ng Lipunan

1.)Natural - naitatag dahil sa pangangailangan ng tao

Halimbawa: pamilya

2.)Artipisyal - naitatag dahil sa kapakanan ng tiyak na pangkat

Halimbawa:paaralan, NGO, simbahan

Aralin 3:Mga Institusyon ng lipunan at kanilang tungkulin

1.)Pamahalaan - nararapat na magkaroon ng mga batas at programa

2.)Pamilya - simula at batayan ng lipunan -

dapat na maging bahagi di lamang sa pagpaparami ng kasapi ng lipunan
kundi maging sa paghubog ng mga ito.

3.)Simbahan - tungkuling maghanda sa tao sa diyos sa pamamagitan ng paglalahad ng

katotohanan
4.)Paaralan - nararapat na humuhubog sa tao sa kanyang bahaging ginagampanan sa
lipunan.

Lipunan

Ay isang pangkat ng mga tao na binibiygan ng katangian o paglalarawan sa mga huawaran

ng mga pagkakaugnay ng bawat isa na binabahagi ang naiibang kultura o mga institusyon.
Mas malawak isang ekonomiya.

Social group- Tumutukoy ang social group sa dalawa o higit pang taong may
magkakatulad na katangian na nagkakaroon ng ugnayan sa bawat isa at bumubuo ng isang
ugnayang panlipunan .

A social group is a collection of people who interact with each other and share similar
characteristics and a sense of unity. A social category is a collection of people who do not
interact but who share similar characteristics.

A primary group is typically a small social group (small-scale society) whose members share
close, personal, enduring relationships. These groups are marked by members' concern for
one another, in shared activities and culture. Examples include family, childhood friends,
and highly influential social groups.

Secondary groups are another type of social group. They have the opposite characteristics
of primary groups. They can be small or large and are mostly impersonal and usually short
term. These groups are typically found at work and school.

Ang status ay tumutukoy sa posisyong kinabibilangan ng isang indibidwal sa lipunan.

Dalawang uri ng status:

1.Ascribed Status. Posisyon simula ng pinanganak.

2.Achieved Status. Nakamit o pinaghirapan na posisyon.

Ang kahulugan ng roles o gampanin ay isang bagay na kailangan mong patunayan o

kailngan mong panindigan

May dalawang uri ng kultura.

ang kulturang materyal at kulturang di materyal.

ang materyal na kultura ng bansa ay kinabibilangan ng mga bagay na nakikita at
nahahawakan tulad ng pagkai,kasuotan,tirahan,alahas,gusali,atmga kasangkapan.

ang di materyal na kultura ay binubuo ng mga kaisipan at damdamin tulad ng

pamahalaan,edukasyon,sining,panitikan,sayaw,politika,kaugalian,tradisyon,paniniwala,pama
hiin,pagppahalaga,atsaloobin ng tao.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT- ito ay isang Dinamikong proseso na sumasakop sa pamamahala

ng pagpapalano, pag oorganisa, pagtukoy ng mga kasapi, pamumuno at pag kokontrol.

Hazard- ito ay tumutukoy sa mga banta dulot ng kalikasan o gawa ng tao.

Anthropogenic Hazaer o human induced- ito ay tumukoy sa mga hazard ng mga gwain ng
mga tao.

Natural Hazard-tumutukoy sa mga hazard na dulot ng kaikasan.

Disaster- tumutukoy sa mga pangyayari na nagdudulot ng panganib at pinsala ng tao ,

kapaligiran, at mga Gawain pang ekonomiya

Vulnerability- tumutukoy ang vulnerability sa tao, lugar at imprastuktura na may mataas

na posibilidad na maapektuhan ng hazard.

Ang salitang resilient ay ang pagiging matatag sa anumang klase ng kalagayan.

Ang vulnerability naman ay tumutukoy sa kahinaan ng loob. Narito ang mga halimbawang
pangungusap:

1.Filipinos are really resilient. Even after the strongest storms, they can still go through life.

2.These smart criminals target the children’s vulnerability

Mitigation- ay ang mga kilos o hakbang na naglalayang bawasan ang mga elementong
nagkapagaalala sa negatibong epekto ng sakuna.

Dalawang Approach

1. Bottom up Approach- kung saan nagsisimula sa mga mamamayan at iba pang

sector ng lipunanan ang mga hakbang sa pagtukoy, pag aanalisa, at paglulutas ng
mga suliranin at hamong pangkapaligiran na nararansan sa kanilang pamayanan
- Ang kosepto itong ay ginagamait sa Cbdrm.
2. Top down approach- tumutukoy sa sitwasyon kung saan lahat ng Gawain mula s
apag palano na dapat gawin hanggang sa pagtugon sa panahon ng lamidad ay
inaasa sa mas nakakataas na tanggapan o ahensya ng pamahalaan.

The National Governor’s Association designed a phase of disaster model to help emergency
managers prepare for and respond to a disaster, also known as the ‘life cycle’ of
 comprehensive emergency management. The four phases of disaster: 1) mitigation; 2)
preparedness; 3) response; and 4) recovery.

Phases of Disaster

Mitigation

Mitigation involves steps to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts such as injuries and loss
of life and property. This might involve changes in local building codes to fortify buildings;
revised zoning and land use management; strengthening of public infrastructure; and other
efforts to make the community more resilient to a catastrophic event.

Preparedness

Preparedness focuses on understanding how a disaster might impact the community and
how education, outreach and training can build capacity to respond to and recover from a
disaster. This may include engaging the business community, pre-disaster strategic
planning, and other logistical readiness activities. The disaster preparedness activities guide
provides more information on how to better prepare an organization and the business
community for a disaster.
Response

Response addresses immediate threats presented by the disaster, including saving lives,
meeting humanitarian needs (food, shelter, clothing, public health and safety), cleanup,
damage assessment, and the start of resource distribution. As the response period
progresses, focus shifts from dealing with immediate emergency issues to conducting
repairs, restoring utilities, establishing operations for public services (including permitting),
and finishing the cleanup process.

 Triage efforts assess and deal with the most pressing emergency issues. This period is
often marked by some level of chaos, which can last a month or more, depending on the
nature of the disaster and the extent of damage. Federal resources, such as action from
the Federal Emergency Management Agency (in the case of a major disaster declaration)
and non-profit resources such as the Red Cross are deployed immediately
 Business re-entry into the economy begins during this phase. Businesses initially may
face issues with access to their site, preliminary damage assessment, and communications
with staff, vendors, suppliers and customers. Ongoing issues may include access to capital
and workers, the repair of damaged property or inventory, and a diminished customer
base. It is in this phase that long-term future of a region’s business base will be saved or
lost.
 Business Recovery Centers are quickly set up in a community to centralize small
business recovery resources (e.g. SBA, SBDC, SCORE, CDFI, etc), local bank officers,
 technical assistance providers, and other critical assistance for maintaining business
continuity and/or get businesses up and running.
 Federal resources from SBA, FEMA, HUD, EDA, USDA, etc., as well as state programs,
start to arrive; temporary housing goes up; and the planning for the reconstruction of
damaged infrastructure, facilities, and areas begins. The response phase typically continues
through the sixth month, again depending on the nature of the disaster.

It is not uncommon for disasters to reveal a weakened economic development landscape,

with significant gaps in organizational capacity, staff and resources. Thus, economic
development agencies and stakeholders may need additional staff, capacity building
assistance, and training.

Recovery

Recovery is the fourth phase of disaster and is the restoration of all aspects of the disaster’s
impact on a community and the return of the local economy to some sense of normalcy. By
this time, the impacted region has achieved a degree of physical, environmental, economic
and social stability.
The recovery phase of disaster can be broken into two periods. The short-term phase
typically lasts from six months to at least one year and involves delivering immediate
services to businesses. The long-term phase, which can range up to decades, requires
thoughtful strategic planning and action to address more serious or permanent impacts of a
disaster. Investment in economic development capacity building becomes essential to foster
economic diversification, attain new resources, build new partnerships and implement
effective recovery strategies and tactics. Communities must access and deploy a range of
public and private resources to enable long-term economic recovery.

Structural Mitigation is the physical changes or act of protection from disasters or hazards.
For example, structural mitigation would be when a family reinforces there home to make it
more wind proof, or earthquake proof. In addition, other structural mitigation examples
would be things like creating a sandbag barrier around the home when a flood might occur.
In general structural mitigation is the direct actions that people take, build, or move in
order to better preserve their life and or property.

Non-structural mitigation in emergency management involves what people can do on a

personal level that is not structurally or physically evident as a protective defense such as a
surge wall or a storm shelter. Non- structural mitigation in general would involve things
such as having flood insurance. In addition another example would be a family creating a
family emergency plan. Any mental preparedness, training, insurance, discussion, and
planning would be considered items of non-structural mitigation.