COMPUTATIONS

TRIAL 1 (ALUMINUM) TRIAL 1 (COPPER)

𝒍𝒐 = 𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑳𝒐 = 𝟕𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒎

𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

𝑹𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝒎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟎

𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟔 − 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟐𝟑

𝑻𝒏𝒐𝒕 = = = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟗𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑

𝑻𝒓𝒎 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑪 𝑻𝒓𝒎 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝑪

𝑹𝒏𝒐𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝒏𝒐𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟎𝟔

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟔 − 𝟗𝟕𝟔𝟕. 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟖𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟖𝟑𝟕 𝒙 − 𝟖𝟎

𝑻𝒏𝒐𝒕 = = 𝑻𝒏𝒐𝒕 = = = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟎𝟔
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏𝟎 − 𝟗𝟕𝟔𝟕. 𝟐 𝟖𝟐 − 𝟖𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟑𝟕 𝟕𝟗 − 𝟖𝟎

𝒙 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 𝑪 ∆𝑻 = ( 𝟕𝟗. 𝟎𝟔 − 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟎) = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟔 𝑪

∆ 𝑻 = (𝟖𝟐. 𝟎𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒) ∆ 𝑳 = ∝ ∆𝑻
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
∝= = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 −𝟓
𝟕𝟎𝟖 ( 𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟔)

𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 − 𝟐. 𝟐𝟕 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

∆ = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟎𝟑 𝑪 % 𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟏𝟐%
𝟏𝟔. 𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟔

∆𝑳 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 + 𝟐. 𝟒𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 + 𝟐. 𝟐𝟕 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

∝= ∝𝒂𝒗𝒆 =
𝑳𝒐 (∆𝑻) 𝟑

𝟏. 𝟐𝟏
∝= ∝ 𝒂𝒗𝒆 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝟕𝟎𝟓 ( 𝟓𝟖. 𝟎𝟑)

∝𝑬𝑿𝑷 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

𝟐. 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 + 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 + 𝟑. 𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 −𝟓
∝𝒂𝒗𝒆 = = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝟑

𝟐𝟑.𝟖𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 −𝟑.𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 −𝟓

% 𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = 𝟐𝟑.𝟖𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟎

% Error = 30.64%
CONCLUSION

This experiment need to determine the coefficient value of the linear expansion of a metal rod, also
to determine the factors affecting the change in length in thermal expansion.
Same process of procedures will be used to determine the coefficient of linear expansion of both
metal sample. First the researchers use the aluminum metal tube, which has an expected coefficient of linear
expansion of 23.8 𝑥10−6 /𝐶 𝑜 . But due to some apparatus errors and the change in temperature of the room
the researchers obtained a linear expansion high and had a great discrepancy to the expected results that the
researchers should have, the researcher’s percent error for the aluminum is 30.64 %. While on the other
hand the researchers used the copper which has an expected coefficient of linear expansion of
16.8 𝑥 10−6 /𝐶 𝑜 , also same possible errors in the aluminum part is determined. That’s why the result of the
percent error that the researchers obtained is 35.12%.

Based on the objectives the researchers obtained what are the factors that affect the change in length
in a thermal expansion. The type of a certain solid, its original length and the temperature are the factors that
may affect the alteration in length of the thermal expansion.

As the researchers said a while ago the apparatus may be the source of error on this experiment
because some of them not functioning very well as a results, the researchers gathered data and measurement
is not accurate and not compatible to the expected results.

In order for the researchers to get an accurate and successful data they must follow the procedures
given in the manual and check all the given apparatus before using it, if they think that there gathered data is
wrong do it again until the result of the findings reach the expected result.
APPLICATIONS

The best application that represents the linear expansion is the radiators of our cars. If the radiator of
the car is fulfilled with a coolant on a cold day or session, there is a possibility that there is an increase in
temperature, because there is a possibility that the coolant will expand until the liquid in the radiator
overflows. This type of problem produced to the car owners, because car engines released the excess volume
of coolant onto ground which is requiring periodic replacement of the fluid which is expensive.

For engineering application bridges and building represents linear expansion, because most
materials expand and contract due to temperature changes. In this direct relationship, material expands
when heated, and contracts when cooled. The rate of expansion and contraction is minimal per degree of
temperature change. However, in large structures like bridges or building, the minimal amounts add up,
leading to a great change in size. Engineers have to account for the change, and develop solutions for
various structures to absorb the expansion and contraction.