Conditions

• Reservoir Temp.: 220 deg C

• Inlet Temperature to Separator = 171 deg C
• Pressure reduction at separator = 75%
• Heat loss from separator to turbine is negligible
• Mass steam flow rate of 1000 tph = 277.7778 kg/s
• Steam Inlet Pressure to Turbine = Pressure at Separator
• Condenser Temperature = 51 deg C
• Generator Efficiency = 94%
• Turbine Efficiency = 85%

State 1 (Saturated Liquid)

𝑻𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 ℃ ( 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒐𝒊𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆)

@ 𝟐𝟐𝟎℃ 𝑷𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒇 @ 𝟐𝟐𝟎℃ = 𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟔𝟐 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 @ 𝟐𝟐𝟎℃ = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

State 2 (Wet steam)

𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝟕𝟓%

∴ 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝟏 @ 𝟐𝟐𝟎℃ − 𝑷𝟏 @ 𝟐𝟐𝟎℃ (𝟎. 𝟕𝟓)

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟓)

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒉𝒊𝒄 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

∴ 𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟔𝟐 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝑰𝒏𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝑺𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟏𝟕𝟏 ℃ = 𝑻𝟐

𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟏℃ + 𝒙𝟐 (𝒉𝒇𝒈 @𝟏𝟕𝟏℃)

 𝟗𝟒𝟑. 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟗 + 𝒙𝟐 (𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟔. 𝟏)

𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟔

𝒔𝟐 = 𝒔𝒇 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟏℃ + 𝒙𝟐 (𝒔𝒇𝒈 @𝟏𝟕𝟏℃)

𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟔(𝟒. 𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟒)

𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

State 3 (Saturated Vapor)

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟐 − 𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

( 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔)

∴ 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑻𝟐 = 𝑻𝟑 = 𝟏𝟕𝟏℃

𝒉𝟑 = 𝒉𝒈 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟏℃ = 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟖. 𝟕 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝑺𝟑 = 𝑺𝒈 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟏℃ = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟏 𝒉𝒓

𝒎𝒔 = × × = 𝟐𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝒈/𝒔
𝒉𝒓 𝟏 𝒕𝒐𝒏 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔

State 4 (Wet Steam)

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟑 − 𝟒 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒄 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

∴ 𝒔𝟑 = 𝒔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 = 𝟓𝟏 ℃
 𝒔𝟒𝒊 = 𝒔𝒇 @ 𝟓𝟏℃ + 𝒙𝟒 (𝒔𝒇𝒈 @ 𝟓𝟏℃)

𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟕 + 𝒙𝟒 (𝟕. 𝟑𝟒𝟐𝟑)

𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟔𝟖𝟖

𝒉𝟒𝒊 = 𝒉𝒇 @ 𝟓𝟏℃ + 𝒙𝟒 (𝒉𝒇𝒈 @ 𝟓𝟏℃)

𝒉𝟒𝒊 = 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟔𝟖𝟖(𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟎. 𝟑)

𝒉𝟒𝒊 = 𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝛈𝐓 = 𝟖𝟓% = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

𝐡𝟑 − 𝐡𝟒
𝛈𝐓 =
𝐡𝟑 − 𝐡𝟒𝐢

𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟖. 𝟕 − 𝒉𝟒
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 =
𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟖. 𝟕 − 𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟓

𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

We can now solve for the Power Output Estimate of our Single-Flash GPP

𝑾 = 𝒎𝒔 (𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒 )(𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚)

𝑾 = 𝟐𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟖 ( 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟖. 𝟕 − 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟗 )(𝟎. 𝟗𝟒)

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓, 𝟐𝟔𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝑾

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟐𝟔𝟔 𝑴𝑾
4.2 Consider Reservoir Temperature as stated in 4.1.1 but Reservoir Pressure to be 5-20
MPa, explain the difference between the power output generated.

State 1 (Saturated Liquid)

𝑷𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 ( 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒐𝒊𝒓 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆)

𝑻𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 ℃

𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒇 @ 𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 @ 𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

State 2 (Wet steam)

𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝟕𝟓%

∴ 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝟏 − 𝑷𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟓)

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 − 𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 (𝟎. 𝟕𝟓)

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒉𝒊𝒄 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

∴ 𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 @ 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 + 𝒙𝟐 (𝒉𝒇𝒈 @𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂)

𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟖𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟗 + 𝒙𝟐 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟕. 𝟑)

𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟖

𝒔𝟐 = 𝒔𝒇 @ 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 + 𝒙𝟐 (𝒔𝒇𝒈 @ 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂)

𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟖(𝟒. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟖)

𝒔𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟔𝟒𝟐𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲
 State 3 (Saturated Vapor)

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟐 − 𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

∴ 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝒉𝟑 = 𝒉𝒈 @ 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟐 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

𝑺𝟑 = 𝑺𝒈 @ 𝟏. 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟏 𝒉𝒓

𝒎𝒔 = × × = 𝟐𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝒈/𝒔
𝒉𝒓 𝟏 𝒕𝒐𝒏 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔

State 4 (Wet Steam)

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟑 − 𝟒 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒄 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

∴ 𝒔𝟑 = 𝒔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 = 𝟓𝟏 ℃

𝒔𝟒𝒊 = 𝒔𝒇 @ 𝟓𝟏℃ + 𝒙𝟒 (𝒔𝒇𝒈 @ 𝟓𝟏℃)

𝟔. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟕 + 𝒙𝟒 (𝟕. 𝟑𝟒𝟐𝟑)

𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟒

𝒉𝟒𝒊 = 𝒉𝒇 @ 𝟓𝟏℃ + 𝒙𝟒 (𝒉𝒇𝒈 @ 𝟓𝟏℃)

𝒉𝟒𝒊 = 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟒(𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟎. 𝟑)

𝒉𝟒𝒊 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝛈𝐓 = 𝟖𝟓% = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

𝐡𝟑 − 𝐡𝟒
𝛈𝐓 =
𝐡𝟑 − 𝐡𝟒𝐢

𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟐 − 𝒉𝟒
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 =
𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟔

𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟐𝟏 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

We can now solve for the Power Output Estimate of our Single-Flash GPP

𝑾 = 𝒎𝒔 (𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒 )(𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚)

𝑾 = 𝟐𝟕𝟕. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟖 ( 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟐. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟐𝟏 )(𝟎. 𝟗𝟒)

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔, 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟕𝟒𝟏 𝒌𝑾

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟖𝟏 𝑴𝑾