Unit 4: Lecture 4- Heat Transfer: Convection

Dr. Vaibhav S. Kathavate

Assistant Professor (Adjunct),
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,
COEP Technological University,
(Formerly College of Engineering Pune),
Shivajinagar, Pune 411 005,
Maharashtra, India.
Convective Heat Transfer in a Flow Over a Flat Plate….

• Consider a flat plate (𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 long and 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 width) at a uniform temperature of 𝟏𝟐𝟎°𝑪. The air at
𝟏 𝒂𝒕𝒎 pressure and 𝟑𝟎°𝑪, flows over a flat plate parallel to its surface at a velocity of 𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔. How will the
heat transfer rate change if the air pressure is increased to 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒕𝒎 given that all other parameters except
density remain the same?

• Assume the following properties of the air and following criteria for determining the flow;
𝒌𝒈
• 𝝆=𝟏 𝒎𝟑
𝑾
• 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝒎∙𝑲

• 𝑷𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟑
𝒌𝒈
• 𝝁 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎∙𝒔

• 𝑹𝒆𝒄 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
• Consider an increase in density of air at 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒕𝒎 pressure is 10 times than its original.
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Convective Heat Transfer in a Flow Over a Flat Plate….

30℃ 10 𝑚/𝑠 Case (i): Air @ 𝟏 𝒂𝒕𝒎

𝝆𝑽𝒅 (𝒐𝒓 𝑳) 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟓
120℃ 0.5 𝑚 𝑹𝒆 = = −𝟓
= 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝝁 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎

0.5 𝑚
• The 𝑹𝒆 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 is less than the critical 𝑹𝒆𝒄 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 .
Therefore, we can assume that the flow is still laminar.

𝒉𝑳 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝟏/𝟐
𝑵𝒖 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝑹𝒆 𝟏/𝟐
𝑷𝒓 𝟏/𝟑 𝒉= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
𝒌 𝟎. 𝟓

𝒉 = 𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝑾/𝒎𝟐 ∙ 𝑲 𝒒 = 𝒉𝑨 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻∞ = 𝒉 × 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟓 × (𝟑𝟗𝟑 − 𝟑𝟎𝟑) 𝒒 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟗𝟔 𝑾

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Convective Heat Transfer in a Flow Over a Flat Plate….

30℃ 10 𝑚/𝑠 Case (i): Air @ 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒕𝒎

𝝆𝑽𝒅 (𝒐𝒓 𝑳) 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟓
120℃ 0.5 𝑚 𝑹𝒆 = = −𝟓
= 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝝁 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎

0.5 𝑚
• The 𝑹𝒆 = 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 is higher than the critical 𝑹𝒆𝒄 = 𝟓 ×
As the pressure increases, density
𝟏𝟎𝟓 . Therefore, we can assume that the flow is still
increases 10 times
turbulent.

𝒉𝑳 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝟒/𝟓
𝑵𝒖 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟔 𝑹𝒆 𝟒/𝟓
𝑷𝒓 𝟏/𝟑 𝒉= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟔 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
𝒌 𝟎. 𝟓

𝒉 = 𝟏𝟗𝟑. 𝟓𝟔 𝑾/𝒎𝟐 ∙ 𝑲 𝒒 = 𝒉𝑨 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻∞ = 𝒉 × 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟓 × (𝟑𝟗𝟑 − 𝟑𝟎𝟑) 𝒒 = 𝟒𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝑾

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Convective Heat Transfer in a Flow Over a Flat Plate….

• A plate at 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝑪 having length 𝟐𝒎 and 𝟏𝒎 width touches the liquid flowing at 𝟑𝟎°𝑪. If the
desired rate of heat dissipation from the plate is 𝟓 𝒌𝑾, determine the flow velocity of fluid.

• Assume the following properties of the air and following criteria for determining the flow;
𝒌𝒈
• 𝝆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟓
𝒎𝟑
𝑾
• 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟗
𝒎∙𝑲

• 𝑷𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟑
𝒌𝒈
• 𝝁 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝒎∙𝒔

• 𝑪𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟕. 𝟓 𝑱/𝒌𝒈 ∙ 𝑲
• 𝑹𝒆𝒄 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓

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Convective Heat Transfer in a Flow Over a Flat Plate….
𝒒
𝒒 = 𝒉𝑨 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻∞ 𝒉=
30℃ 3 𝑚/𝑠 𝑨 𝑻𝒔 − 𝑻∞

100℃ 1𝑚
𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝒉= 𝒉 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 𝑾/𝒎𝟐 ∙ 𝑲
𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑𝟕𝟑 − 𝟑𝟎𝟑
2𝑚

• Initially, we will assume that the flow is laminar. Therefore, we

can use the relation of 𝑵𝒖 for laminar flow.

𝒉𝑳 𝟏/𝟐 𝟏/𝟑
𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟐 𝟏/𝟐 𝟏/𝟑
𝑵𝒖 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝑹𝒆 𝑷𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝑹𝒆 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟑
𝒌 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟗

𝑹𝒆 = 𝟕. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 • Compare the value of 𝑹𝒆 with 𝑹𝒆𝒄.

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Convective Heat Transfer in a Flow Over a Flat Plate….

30℃ 3 𝑚/𝑠 • The value of 𝑹𝒆 is much higher than the 𝑹𝒆𝒄. Therefore, we will
assume the flow to be turbulent and will use the relation for 𝑁𝑢
100℃ 1𝑚
for turbulent flow.

2𝑚
𝒉𝑳 𝟒/𝟓 𝟏/𝟑
𝑵𝒖 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟔 𝑹𝒆 𝑷𝒓
𝒌

𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟔 𝑹𝒆 𝟒/𝟓 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟑 𝟏/𝟑 𝑹𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟗

𝝆𝑽𝒅 (𝒐𝒓 𝑳) 𝑹𝒆 × 𝝁 𝑹𝒆 × 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

𝑹𝒆 = 𝑽= =
𝝁 𝑳×𝝆 𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟓

𝑽 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 𝒎/𝒔
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Convective Heat Transfer in a Tube….

• A water flowing through the tube (𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 diameter and 𝟔 𝒎 long) with a velocity 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔 has a
head loss of 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝒎 due to internal friction. Determine the surface heat transfer coefficient
based on following information.

• Assume the following properties of the air and following criteria for determining the flow;
𝒌𝒈
• 𝝆 = 𝟗𝟗𝟖
𝒎𝟑

• 𝑷𝒓 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟐
𝒌𝒈
• 𝝁 = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝒎∙𝒔

• 𝑪𝒑 = 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟕 𝑱/𝒌𝒈 ∙ 𝑲
• 𝑹𝒆𝒄 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝒉 𝒇 𝟏 𝟒𝒇𝑳𝑽𝟐
• Consider the following relations; (i) 𝑺𝒕 = (ii) 𝑺𝒕 = × and (iii) 𝒉𝒇 =
𝝆𝑽𝑪𝒑 𝟐 𝑷𝒓𝟏/𝟐 𝟐𝒈𝑫
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Convective Heat Transfer in a Tube….

𝟒𝒇𝑳𝑽𝟐 𝟐𝒉𝒇 𝒈𝑫 𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓

𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒇 = 𝒇= 𝟐 = 𝟐 = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝟐𝒈𝑫 𝟒𝒇𝑳𝑽 𝟒 × 𝟔 × 𝟐. 𝟓

𝒇 𝟏 𝒉 𝒇 𝟏 𝒇 𝟏
𝑺𝒕 = × = × 𝒉 = 𝝆𝑽𝑪𝒑 × ×
𝟐 𝑷𝒓𝟏/𝟐 𝝆𝑽𝑪𝒑 𝟐 𝑷𝒓𝟏/𝟐 𝟐 𝑷𝒓𝟏/𝟐

𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝟏
𝒉 = 𝟗𝟗𝟖 × 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟕 × × 𝟏/𝟐
𝟐 𝟕. 𝟎𝟐

𝒉 = 𝟗𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝑾/𝒎𝟐 ∙ 𝑲

𝒉 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅

𝑺𝒕 = =
𝝆𝑽𝑪𝒑 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

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Convective Heat Transfer in a Tube….

• With the similar given data in the previous problem, estimate the surface heat transfer coefficient
using the following relation;
𝒉𝑳 𝟎.𝟕𝟓 𝟏/𝟑
• 𝑵𝒖 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟔 𝑹𝒆 𝑷𝒓
𝒌

• Assume 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝑾/𝒎 ∙ 𝑲

𝝆𝑽𝒅 (𝒐𝒓 𝑳) 𝟗𝟗𝟖 × 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓

𝑹𝒆 = = = 𝟔𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝝁 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑

𝒉𝑳 𝟎.𝟕𝟓 𝟏/𝟑
𝟎. 𝟔 𝟎.𝟕𝟓 𝟏/𝟑
𝑵𝒖 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟔 𝑹𝒆 𝑷𝒓 𝒉= × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟔 𝟔𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝟕. 𝟎𝟐
𝒌 𝟔

𝒉 = 𝟐𝟗. 𝟗𝟓 𝑾/𝒎𝟐 ∙ 𝑲

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