Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
gofF P]gsf] cfjZostf
pRr kj{t >[ª¥vnf, ljifd e"–agfj6, rnfodfg ef}ule{s cj:yfn] ubf{ klx/f], af9L
tyf e"sDksf] pRr hf]lvd /x]sf],
dg;'gL jiff{ tyf hnjfo'hGo ljkb¥sf] pRr hf]lvd /x]sf],
e"sDk, af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL, r6of+u, dxfdf/L, v8]/L, lztnx/, ;'Vvf, ˆn" cflb
ax'k|sf]kLo hf]lvdo'Qm b]z ePsf]],
ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ljsf;sf cGo Ph]08f;Fu tfbfTDotf ldnfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{
pTyfgzLntf xfl;n ug'{kg{] ePsf],
ljkb Joj:yfkg ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo 9fFrf cg'?k ;+3, k|bz
] / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf
sfo{lhDd]jf/L :ki6 ljefhg ug'k{ g{] ePsf],
Necessity of New Act
Natural disasters such as floods and landslides have long been a routine
phenomenon in Nepal.
With unpredicted earthquakes, frequent flooding, manifold landslides and
multiple hazards and disasters striking every year,
Records for the past 46 years show that natural disasters have claimed on
average nearly 900 lives every year, have rendered hundreds of thousands of
families homeless and caused extensive damage to property.
Nepal’s topography increases the propensity for hazards like earthquakes,
riverine floods, flash floods and landslides, the reasons these hazards turn
into disasters are all man-made.
Nepal is one of the most disaster-prone countries in South Asia
gofF P]gsf] cfjZostf
ljkb Joj:yfkgdf g]kfnn] u/]sf k|lta4tfx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos ePsf],
;/sf/L, lghL tyf cGo If]qsf ljsf; sfo{df ljkb¥ Go"gLs/0f tyf pTyfgzLn
/0fgLlt Pjd¥ sfo{gLlt canDag ug{ cfjZos /x]sf],
b}jL k|sf]k -p4f/_ P]g, @)#( n] jt{dfg ;dodf ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf cfPsf
gjLg cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;d]6¥g g;s]sf] .
Necessity of New Act
The government recognises these risks and has accorded high priority to
disaster risk reduction.
Natural Calamity Relief Act of 1982 did not cover emerging concept of
Disaster Risk Reduction
A strong consensus among all partners that the country required a new
Disaster Management Act that incorporated the whole spectrum of disaster
cycle management and the diversity of disasters.
To established seperate dedicated institution for Disaster Risk reduction and
management..
Need to implement Nepal's commitment to disaster risk management,
Need to adopt disaster mitigation and resilience stratiges in Government,
private sector and other sectoral development programs
New Act: Highlights
As per the Spirit of Constitution
Section11 , Articles 49
Leadership from High Level: Council
Dedicated Institution: Executive Committee, National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Authority-NDRR&MA,
Expert Committee
Executive chief is appointed from Expert
Disaster Response Controller
Including all phases of Disaster Management Cycle
Highlights
Volunteerism
Disaster Response Squad Team
Research & Study
Early Warning System
National Emergency Operation System and emergency operation centers
Disaster Risk mapping, assessment,
Technologies use for DRR: Soil science, GIS, Remote Sensing, EWS, etc and
Indigenous technologies
National Policy, Strategic Plan, Sectoral Plan
Role, Responsibility and Authority of Security Authorities
Involvement of Civil Society and Private Sector in Disaster Management
Highlights
Duties of Public Enterprises and Business Organizations
Provision for Approval to Foreigners during Disaster
Disaster Emergency Declaration
International Humanitarian and other Support
Reward
Annual Reporting
Compensation
Features
Develop and strengthen new institutional mechanism; especially
National Council for DRR & Management
Covered the broader spectrum of diversity of disaster and disaster
cycle management – preparedness, response, recovery and
mitigation.
Decentralize disaster management at the province and local level
Promoted proactive DRR towards resilience building.
Make possible joint work of the government, private sector,civil
society, media and international community.
Wider coverage of disaster types both natural and non-natural
disasters
kl/ifb¥sf] u7g tyf sfd
• k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf ;/f]sf/jfnf dGqLx?, k|ltlgwL ;efsf] ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf, ;a} k|b]zsf d'VodGqL,
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIf, d'Vo ;lrj, k|wfg ;]gfklt, u[x ;lrj, Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt kl/ifb¥af6
dgf]gLt tLg hgf lj1 ;b:o /x]sf] ljkb¥ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg /fli6«o kl/ifb¥ /xg],
• kl/ifb¥sf] a}7s jif{sf] sDtLdf b'O k6s a:g],
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
• ljkb Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt tyf of]hgf :jLs[t ug]{,
• ljkb Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf lng'kg]{ gLlt tyf of]hgfsf ;DaGwdf sfo{sf/L ;ldlt, k|flws/0f, k|b]z tyf
:yfgLo txnfO{ cfjZos gLltut dfu{bz{g ug]{,
• ljkb Joj:yfkgsf nflu >f]t Joj:yfkg ug{ lgb]{zg lbg],
• ljkb Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
Council and its functions
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council headed by the Prime Minister
as the highest policy making and coordinating body for disaster risk management. Member
includes concern ministers, Leader of opposition pary from house of representatives, all
chief ministries, Vice Chairman of NPC, Chief Secretary, Three nominated members
Functions of Council:
To approve national policies and plans relating to disaster management;
To give necessary directives to the Executive Committee and Authority as to the policies
and plans to be adopted with regard to disaster management;
To give policy directives to province and local levels on works of disaster management;
Subject to the national policies and plans approved by the Council, to approve and execute
integrated and sectoral policies, plans and programs relating to disaster risks reduction,
disaster counteractions and disaster recovery;
14
To approve strategic plans and programs relating to disaster management and to
implement them;
ljz]if1 ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]
• dGqfnon] ljkb¥ lJo:yfkg ;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{s|d
th'{df ug{ tyf ljkb¥ ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;Nnfx
;'emfj pknAw u/fpg e"ue{ lj1, ljz]if1 lrlsT;s, ljkb¥
Joj:yfkg lj1, jftfj/0f lj1, k"jf{wf/ lj1 /x]sf] a9Ldf kffFr
;b:oLo ljz]if1 ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] .
15
Experts Committee may be formed
• The Ministry may form a Committee of Experts
having five members in maximum comprising
geologist, medical expert, disaster management
expert, environment expert, or infrastructure
expert in order to formulate policies, plans and
programs relating to disaster management and
to give suggestions on studies and researches
on disasters.
16 Dr. Narayan Regmi 2/15/2018
k|flws/0fsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ u/L ;DalGwt If]qdf bz jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] JolQm sfo{sf/L k|d'vdf
lgo'Qm x'g] .
sfo{sf/L k|d'v k|flws/0fsf] k|zf;sLo k|d'v tyf ljkb¥sf] ;dodf ljkb¥ k|ltsfo{ lgoGqssf]
?kdf sfo{ ug{] .
sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] k|ToIf lgoGq0fdf /xL sfo{sf/L k|d'v cfkm¥gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu
kl/ifb¥ / g]kfn ;/sf/ k|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g] .
ljkb¥sf] ;dodf k|flws/0fsf] ljz]if sfdsf] nflu lghfdtL ;]jf, ;'/Iff lgsfo jf ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfaf6 s'g} sd{rf/L dfu u/L sfd nufpg ;Sg] .
k|flws/0fsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
kl/ifb¥ tyf sfo{sf/L ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg],
ljkb¥ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL s]G›Lo ;|f]t lgsfosf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug]{,
gbL lgoGq0f, af9L, klx/f], e"sDk, e"d08nLo tfkdfg j[l4, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, e"pkof]u / ljleGg k|sf]k tyf
ljkb¥sf ;Defljt sf/s / Go"gLs/0fsf pkfosf] ljifodf cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{, u/fpg],
k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txnfO{ ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfjlws of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfly{s
tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg],
ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lghL If]q Pjd¥ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;+nUg ug]{, u/fpg]
tyf ltgLx?sf] sfo{df ;dGjo Pjd¥ ;xhLs/0f ug]{,
;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf vf]h tyf p2f/ ;d"xsf] u7g tyf Ifdtf ljsf; u/L k|efjsf/L vf]h, p2f/
tyf /fxt k|bfg ug]{, u/fpg],
National Council for DRR & Management Authority and
its function
National Council for DRR & Management Authority under the direct supervision and
control of the Executive Committee
Authority perform as a Secretariet of Council and Executive Committee,
To implement or get implemented the plans programs approved and decisions made by the
Council and Executive Committee;
19
k|b]z÷lhNnf÷:yfgLo ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
k|b]z:t/df ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ug{ k|To]s k|b]zdf d'VodGqLsf] cWoIftfdf tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] k|b]z ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg] .
lhNnf:t/df ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nflu k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]
cWoIftfdf lhNnf ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg] .
ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] d]o/sf] cWoIftfdf k|To]s
ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfdf :yfgLo ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /xg] .
j8f jf ;d'bfo:t/df klg ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg] .
k|b]z ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
kl/ifb¥af6 :jLs[t /fli6«o gLlt tyf of]hgfsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z:t/df ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
dWosfnLg tyf cNksfnLg gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th{'df u/L nfu" ug]{ u/fpg],
ljkb¥ k"j{tof/Lsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf :yfgLo ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{;~rfngdf
k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg cfjZos ;xhLs/0f / ;dGjo ug]{,
vf]h, p2f/ tyf /fxt ljt/0f sfo{df k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx nufot cGo
;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ug]{,
/fxt ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug]{ u/fpg],
cfktsfnLg cj:yfdf ljkb¥ k|efljtsf nflu c:yfoL cf>o u[x tyf cGo c:yfoL ;+/rgfsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg],
:yfgLo ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
kl/ifb¥af6 :jLs[t /fli6«o gLlt tyf of]hgf Pjd¥ sfo{sf/L ;ldlt / k|bz
] ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg
;ldltaf6 :jLs[t PsLs[t tyf If]qut gLlt of]hgf / sfo{qmd cg'?k x'g] u/L :yfgLo ljkb¥
Joj:yfkg of]hgf th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,
:yfgLo txnfO{ ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ nufpg],
;/sf/L, lghL Pjd¥ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo :jo+;]js, ;fdflhs kl/rfns nufot
;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] ;dGjo / ;+nUgtfdf ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg],
:yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L, :jo+;]js, ;fdflhs kl/rfns tyf ;d'bfonfO{ ljkb¥
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf k|lzIf0f lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg],
ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ ejg;+lxtf nufot cGo :jLs[t lgb]l{¥zsf jf dfkb08sf] kfngf
u/fpg],
Institutional Framework in line with DRRM Act 2017 ( )
Executive Committee
(Chaired by Home Minister)
National EOC
k|b]z ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /fli6«o ljkb¥ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg k|flws/0f dfk{mt ljkb¥
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg /fli6«o kl/ifb¥ ;dIf
25
ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg sf]if ;DaGwL Pj+ cGo Joj:yf
• ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgsf nflu s]Gb|Lo:t/df Pp6f 5'§} ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg sf]if /xg]
• ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|To]s k|bz
] tyf :yfgLo txdf ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg sf]if
/xg] .
• g]kfnsf] s'g} 7fpFdf uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] ljkb¥ pTkGg ePdf To:tf] If]qsf] l;dfgf /
cjlw tf]sL g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ljkb¥ ;+s6u|:t If]q
3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5 .
• g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljkb¥ ;+s6u|:t If]qdf s'g} JolQm, ;+:yf jf clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZostf
cg';f/ ljleGg cfb]zx? lbg ;Sg] .
26
P]gdf ePsf yk Joj:yfx? Contd....
:jo+;]js Ao"/f] u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf /x]sf],
cfkTsfnLg sfo{;~rfng s]Gb|x? ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ;~rfng ug]{,
ljkb Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljifonfO{ kf7¥oqmddf ;dfj]; ug]{,
ljz]if1 ;ldlt tyf km¥nfO{+u :jf8 u7g ug]{,
g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fxt ;DaGwL dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ug]{,
ljkb Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL / k"j{;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf, ljsf; / ;~rfng
;DaGwL ljifo,
ljkbsf] cj:yfnfO{ tTsfn ;fdgf ug{ cfGtl/s ;fdYo{n] gEofPdf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo
tyf cGo ;xof]u g]kfn ;/sf/n] lng ;Sg] .
27
P]gdf ePsf yk Joj:yfx? Contd...
;'/Iff lgsfosf] kl/rfng / sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf],
ljkb¥sf] ;dodf vf]h, p4f/ tyf /fxtsf] sfo{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng
ug{ ;Sg] .
ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgsf] ;DaGwdf ;'/Iff lgsfon] sfo{sf/L ;ldlt, k|flws/0f, k|b]z ljkb¥
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf tyf lhNnf ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] lgb{z] g tyf
;'k/Lj]If0fdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg{] .
af?0foGq tyf cGo ;]jf k|bfos lgsfosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ pNn]v,
ljkb¥ Joj:yfkgdf ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, Joj;flos k|lti7fg,
:yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf, ;d'bfo, :jo+;]js, gful/s ;dfh, lghL If]q tyf JolQmn] cfjZos ;xof]u
ug'{kg{] . 28
P]gdf ePsf yk Joj:yfx?
ljkb Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf tyf Joj;flos k|lti7fgsf] bfloTj
tf]lsPsf],
ljkb¥af6 c;/ k/]sf] s'g} If]qdf ljb]zL gful/s jf ;+:yfn] k|j]z ug'{ k/]df g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lng' kg{] .
ljz]if kl/l:ylt k/L ljkb¥af6 k|efljt If]qdf vf]h, p4f/ tyf /fxt pknAw u/fpg
tyf eO/x]sf] ljkb¥af6 yk Iflt x'g glbgsf nflu vl/b ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gdf
/x]sf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf adf]lhd tTsfn} /fxt ;fdfu|L jf
lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
29
P]gdf ePsf yk Joj:yfx?
ljkb¥sf] cj:yfdf s'g} sfof{no, ;+:yf jf JolQmsf] ;DklQ, ;jf/L ;fwg jf cGo
s'g} ;fdfu|L k|of]u ul/Psf] /x]5 eg] k|flws/0fn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L, ;+:yf jf ljkb¥
Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;DalGwt sfof{no, ;+:yf jf JolQmnfO{ ;f] afktsf] /sd jf
Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ug{]5 .
30
Some major Difference between Previous and
Current Act
Content 2039 2074
sf]ifsf] Joj:yf • s]Gb|Lo b}jL k|sf]k p2f/ sf]if • s]Gb|Lo :t/df ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg sf]if
• If]qLo b}jL k|sf]k p2f/ sf]if • k|To]s k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg
• lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p2f/ sf]if sf]if /xg] .
• :yfgLo b}jL k|sf]k p2f/ sf]if
32
Challenges
Functional complaints handling processes to address grievances from the
affected population.
Some of responsibilities overlaps between the provincial and district disaster
management committees,
Strengthen role and capacity of the local government, and local and community
disaster management committees inline with federal structure,
Mechanism to support every victim during the humanitarian crisis to save
her/his lives with dignity. Affirmative action to support the most vulnerable for
recovery and reconstruction.
Role of Authority confined to coordination, facilitation, research and studies,
database management and mobilization of bilateral and multilateral donors.
Inter-agency coordination and approval mechanism - fast track operation
during the humanitarian emergency.
Challenges
Lack of open space for emergency
Lack of preparedness for new types of hazards and epidemic such as bird flue,
swine flue, industrial accidents, leakage of chemicals or radiation, gas
explosion etc
Alternate transportation and communication
Scientific use of lands
Mainstreaming DRR in all ongoing development projects
Management of scattered and disaster-risk settlements
Community people are the first responder to any humanitarian crisis. Reflct
community people view in all aspect of DRR and disaster management.
Learning from the past disaster response
Opportunities
Nepal is in the new experience of inclusion, and federalism with thress tiers of governments
New Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act in accordance with New Federal Constitution and in line
with Sendai Framework for Action
Authority role neither have a controlling function nor the direct operation i.e. coordination, facilitation,
research and studies, database management and mobilization of bilateral and multilateral donors.
Culture of partnership and collaboration within and outside the government stakeholders i.e as civil
society organization recognized as a "third leg of stool"
Availability of donor support for developmental activities as well as for relief, rehabilitation and
reconstruction
PROBLEMS
Lack of adequately resourced mechanism to implement the national Building
Codes to guard against the risks of the disaster.
The land use planning is not clearly regulated and institutional responsibility for
it is divided between various agencies.
Lack of adquately specific legal or institutional framework for communication of
impeding disasters to and from communities.
Scattered responsibilities on disaster risk reduction and management
Inability to learn lessons from past disasters
Little linkages between disaster and development in our context
Managerial dimension is also weak
Problems Contd...
Separate Budget Code for DRR in the forthcoming Fiscal Year Budget
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Regulation as per the spirit of DRRM Act 2074 and
Addressed all the challenges
Strengthen role and capacity of the local government, and local and community disaster
management committees inline with federal structure,
Mainstreaming DRR with international Agreed goal SDG, Pariss accord and others