The Big Bang theory Singularity

What is the Big Bang theory? • According to the standard

theory, our universe sprang
 It is the dominant scientific
into existence as singularity
theory about the universe
and inflated around 13.7
 The theory states that the
billion years ago.
Universe started from a
cosmic expansion that • A singularity is a tiny dot to
continues to spread matter have contained all of the
in all directions. mass and space-time of the
Universe.
Georges Lemaitre (1894-1966)
• Singularities are zones which
• He was a Belgian priest who
defy our current
first proposed the idea of the
understanding of physics.
Big Bang Theory.
They are thought to exist at
• He suggested in 1927 that
the core of black holes.
the universe was expanding
from a fixed point in space- The Inflation
time.
 About 13.7 billion years
Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) ago, space inflated very
quickly (thus the name
 He discovered the
"Big Bang"), expanded
phenomenon called
and cooled, going from
“Hubble’s Law” in 1929.
very, very small and very,
 It states that galaxies
very hot, to the size and
appear to be moving away
temperature of our
from us at speeds
current universe.
proportional to their
 Experts say that there
distance.
was no explosion; there
 This observation supports
was (and continues to be)
the expansion of the
an expansion.
universe
The Inflation which caused a constant
glow coming from the
 Rather than imagining a
universe.
balloon popping and
releasing its contents, Cooling and Expansion
imagine a balloon
 The last stage was when
expanding: an infinitesimally
everything started to
small balloon expanding to
settle 380,000 years after
the size of our current
the Big Bang and
universe
the universe we recognize
 This expansion or inflation of
today started to form.
space started the formation
 Matter cooled enough for
of atoms, which eventually
charged electrons and
led to the formation of stars
protons first became
and galaxies is what we call
bound to form electrically
the Universe today.
neutral hydrogen atoms
Primordial Soup and helium.
 Other particles began to
 The phase called primordial
come together and create
soup was when the universe
atoms. These atoms then
began a superheated phase.
eventually combined to
 During this time, the heat
create mass. e.g: stars,
was so high that particles
planets, galaxies and
from the Big Bang couldn't
everything else in the
form mass or atoms.
universe).
 Because of this, neutrons,
protons and electrons
started to join.
 At the same time, there
were these things called
light photons that
were continuously bouncing
off or latching onto electrons
Red Shift

 It is an indication that
distant galaxies are moving
back further away from
earth at an increasing
velocity.
 A star or galaxy moving
away from us will look more
red than it would if the
source were not moving in
our frame of reference.
 The wavelength of the light
is stretched, so the light is
seen as 'shifted' towards
the red part of the spectrum.