APP 001 EMPTECH REVIEWET
tungkulin/function ng mga salita at kani-kanilang
TEKSTO- kung paano nito ipinabatid ang mensahe sa
angkop at tamang sitwasyon. (Hal; balita, sanaysay,
polyetos)
IBAT BANG URI NG TEKSTO
INFORMATIV – naglalahad ng mga abgong kaalaman,
pangyayari, paniniwalanat impormasyon.
ARGUMENTIV- naglalahad ng ng mga posisyon sa
isang proposisyong nangangailangan pagtalunan o
paliwanagan.(BAKIT)
PERSWEYSIV- tekstong nangungumbinse /
nanghihkayat
NARATIV- naglalahad ng magkasunodsunod na
pangyayari o simpleng nagsasalaysay
DESKRIPTIV- nagtataglay ng mga impormasyon may
kinalaman sa pisikal na katangian ng tao, lugar o
bahay
EXPOSISYON- naglalahad ng mga impormasyong
magbbgay linaw sa mga tyak na konsepto (PAANO)
PROSESO NG PAGSULAT NG TEKSTO
BRAINSTORMING- palilista ng mga paksang kaugnay
sa interest ng manunulat.
CLUSTERING- nakakabuo ng subtopics
OUTLINE/BALANGKAS- Iaayos ang mga paksa sa
lohikal na pagkasunod-sunod
FOCUSED FREEWRITING- pagsubok na linangin abg
mga paksa sa nasabng working outline mula sa ideya
tungo sa mga pangungusap at talata.
KAKAYAHANG KOMUNIKATIBO- nauukol sa kakayahan
sa aktwal na paggamit ng wika sa tiyak na
pagkakataon
LINGGWISTIKO- kakayahang umunawa at makabuo ng
mga istruktura sa wika sang-ayon sa tuntunin ng
gramatika
ISTRUKTURA NG WIKA- tumutukoy sa pagkakayari ng
wika. Napaloob ang kaalaman sa ponolohiya,
morpolohiya, at sintaksis
GRAMATIKA- kinalamansa kawastuhan ng mga
ugnayan o relasyon sa loob ng pangungusap
KAKAYAHANG SOSYOLINGGWISTIK- sinasaalang-alang
ng isang tao ang ugnayan ng mga nag-uusap, at sa
lugar ng kanilang pinag-uusapan, koneksyong sosyal
ng isang wika, batayang interdisciplinary.
PRAGMATIK- pag-aaral kung paano
iniimpluwensyahan ng konteksto ang paraan ng
paghahatid ng impormasyon ng mga pangungusap,
pag-aaral ng aktwal na salita.
DISKORSAL – kakayahang bigyan ng interpretasyon
ang isang serye ng mga napakinggang pangungusap
upang makagawa ng isang makabuluhang kahulugan.
PANANALIKSIK- isang Gawain nagsisikap mapatunayan
ang kaalaman, makakuha ng impormasyon sa agham,
literature, o kasaysayan at disiplna
HAKBANG SA PAAGSUSULAT NG PANANALIKSIK
1. INTERES AT KAKAYAHAN
2. PAGKAKAROON NG MATERIAL
3. KABULUHAN NG PAKSA
4. LIMITASYON NG PANAHON
5. KAKAYAHANG PINANSYAL
KATANGIAN NG MANANALIKSIK
1. MASIGASIG
2. MASINOP
3. MASISTEMA
4. MAGALING MAGSIYASAT
5. MAY PANANAGUTAN
KATANGIAN NG PANANALIKSIK
1. EMPIRIKAL- nakabatay sa praktikal na karanasan
ang mga hinango o nalakap sa datos
2.OBHETIBO- batayang pagpapakahulugan sa maingat
na pagsusuri, paghahanay at pagtataya sa mga datos
3. LOHIKAL- batay sa angkop at sistematikong
pamamaraan o prinsipyo
4. KIRIKAL- nagpapakita ng maingat at tamang
paghatol
MGA URI NG PANANALIKSIK
1.MAKAAGHAM/SIYENTIPIKO- may layuning makuha
ang mga katotohanan at aktibong gumawa ng bagay-
bagay. (pagbuod/ indaktiv)
2.PAMPANITIKAN/ LITERARI- karaniwang ginagamit sa
kolehiyo dahil sa pagiging payak.
MGA PAHINANG PRELIMINARI O FRONT MATTERS
1. FLY LEAF 1- pinakaunang pahina ng pananaliksik.
Walang nakasulat na kahit ano sa pahinang ito.
2. PAMAGATING PAHINA- pahinang nagpapakilala sa
pamagat ng pamanahong papel, nakasulat ditto kung
ipinasa, kung saang asignatura at kung sino ang
gumawa
3. DAHON NG PAGPAPATIBAY- kumukumpirma sa
pagkakapasa ng mananaliksik at pagkatanggap ng
guro ng pananaliksik
4. PASASALAMAT- nakasulat ditto ang mga indibidwal,
pangkat, tanggapan, o taong nakatulong upang
mabuo at matapos ang pananaliksk.
5. PAGHAHANDOG- nakasulat kung kanino iniaalay
ang pananaliksik
6. TALAAN NG NILALAMAN- nakasulat ang kaukulang
bilang ng pahina kung saan matatagpuan ang bwat
pahina.
7. TALAAN NG MGA TALAHAYAN AT GRAP- nakasulat
ang pamagat ng bawat talahayan, grap at pahina ng
mga ito na nasa loob ng pananaliksik.
8. FLY LEAF 2- blangkong pahina bago ang katawan ng
pananaliksik.
KABANATA 1- ang panimulang bahagi na nagtataglay
ng kaalaman tungkol sa kung ano ang suliranin na
maaring isang katangap-tangap na kadahilanan kung
bakit isinasagawa ang pananaliksik.
RASYUNALE- pinangalingan ng kaisipan at kadahilanan
kung bakit napili ang paksa ay nagtatalakay sa
bahaging ito. Pagtatalakay ng kabuluhan at halaga ng
nasabing paksa
SULIRANIN NG PAG-AARAL- pkay o ibig matamo sa
pananaliksik ng napilngb paksa
PANGUNAHING SULIRANIN- inilalahad ng malawakan
ang pananaliksik
TIYAK NA SULIRANIN- itinuturing na bahagi ng
pangunahing suliranin at ipinapahayag ang tiyak na
pakay sa pananaliksik
KAHALAGAHAN NG PANANALIKSIK- naglalahad kung
sino ang maaaring makinabang at kung paano sila
makikinabang sa pananaliksik.
BATAYNG KONSEPTWAL- tumatalakay sa mga ideya o
konsepto ng mananaliksik ayon sa kanyang
isinagawang pag-aaral.
BATAYANG TEORETIKAL- naglalahad ng mga
kadahilanan kung bakit kinailangang humanap ng
panibagong datos. Tinatalakay ang nakaraang
deskripsyon o kasalukuyang teorya.
SAKLAW AT LIMITASYON NG PAG-AARAL- tumatalakay
sa demlitasyon ng pag-aaral. Kung ipinapaliwanag ang
problema ng pananaliksik, lugar na pinangganapan.
Tinutukoy ang mga saklaw sap ag-aaral at ang mga
hadlang rito.
PAGBIBIGAY KAHULUGAN SA MGA SALITA
Huling bahagi ng unang kabanata ay ang paglalahad
ng key terms.
KONSEPTWAL- base sa konsepto/ ideya na kadalasang
makikita ang kahulugan sa diksyunaryo
OPERASYONAL- base sa kung paano nagamit sa pag-
aaral
LAYUNIN NG PANANALIKSIK
1. nagbibigay ng pagkakataong matuklasan ang mga
impormasyon o mga datos.
2. naghahamon sa makatwirang pagpapalagay o
pagtanggap ng katotohanan
3. Nagdaragdag ng panibagong interpretasyon sa mga
dating ideya o kaisipan
4. nagpapatunay sa valido o makatotohanang ideya,
interpretasyon, palagay, paniniwala, o pahayag
5. naglilinaw sa pinagtatalunang isyu
6. nagpapakita ng makasaysayang paniniwal sa isang
senaryo
COR 001 ORAL COM REVIEWER
4 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF SPEECH DELIVERY
 MANUSCRIPT
 MEMORIZATION
 IMPROMPTU
 EXTEMPORANEOUS
According to research, an excellent presentation is
38% your voice, 55% non-verbal comm. & just 7%
your content. In other words, your delivery matters
more than what you say ang this exercise helps you
refine it.
A speech has to be properly delivered. In Speech
delivery, there are several principles to be followed:
ARTICULATION
-pronouncing the words and speaking with clear
diction that effectively transmits the message of the
speaker
MODULATION
-the capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance
ang timbre of vocal tone
STAGE PRESENCE
-ability to own the stage, able to fill the space and
project his/her personality to the audience
The opposite of stage presence is stage fright, the
topmost fear in the world of public speaking
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES, & MOVEMENT
-the message of any speech in reinforced, clarified,
and complemented by non-verbal communication
such as facial expressions, gestures, and movements.
Without these non-verbal elements, the speaker may
be judged as boring, with flat delivery and an
unemotional voice.
AUDIENCE RAPPORT
-able to deliver a speech that would appeal to the
audience and connect with them as a deeper level. To
do this, one must do audience analysis.
APP 001 EMPTECH REVIEWER
TEAM STRUCTURE - refers to composition of an individual
or of a multi-team system. It is an integral part of the team
process.
TEAM vs GROUP
A TEAM is different from a group. A group can achieve its
common goal through independent individual
contributions. Real time coordination of tasks between
individuals is not required.
A team however, consists of two or more people who
interact dynamically, interdependently, and adaptively
toward a common and valued goal, have specific roles or
functions, and have a time-limited membership. During the
temporal like of a team, the team’s mission is of greater
value than the goals of the individual members.
HOW DO WE DESCRIBE A TEAM MEMBER?
1. Include anyone involved in the process of project
development who can take action, including the leader
2. Have clearly defined roles and responsibilities
3. Are accountable to the team for their actions
4. Must stay continually informed for effective team
functioning.
TEAM STRUCTURE FOR ICT CONTENT DEVELOPMENT
1. PROJECT MANAGER - is also the team leader.
Responsible for managing the team members, managing
the project, monitoring of project development progress,
and ensuring the project completion according to agreed
timeline.
2. DATA ANALYST - responsible for gathering accurate and
relevant information for ICT content.
3. CONTENT WRITER AND EDITOR - responsible to
summarizing the data collected by the data analyst and
finalizes a complete set of information to be integrated to
the website
4. WEB DESIGNER - responsible for implementing the
website design as agreed among members of the team.
5. DEVELOPER - technically develops the overall
functionality of the system
COMMUNICATION plays an integral role in keeping a
project on task. The PROJECT MANAGER is in-charge with
guiding all aspects of the project, including the
communication plan. The specifics of communication,
including the method and frequency, vary depending on
your project's needs. Understanding the purpose of the
project communication plan helps a manager and team
member realize the plan's goals. Communication and
leadership go hand in hand.
COMMON ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION MODE AND
MEDIA
1. E-MAIL (GMAIL, Y!MAIL)
2. CHAT AND VIDEO CALL (SKYPE, FB MESSENGER, GOOGLE
HANGOUT)
3. TEXT-MESSAGING (CHIKKA, SMS)
PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
1. COMMUNICATION is NOT ONLY talking to the troops,
and telling them what you expect of them - it goes much
deeper. Successful project management communication is
about being there for everyone, being in touch with the
real challenges of the project, understanding the real
issues within the team who must deliver the project as well
as understanding the issues of the sponsors who the team
delivers the project for.
2. Being present, visible and engaged with everyone is
IMPORTANT during the good times and the challenging
times.
3. COMMUNICATION is not only about speaking to and
hearing from people, it's about understanding the
complete message.
4. Responsibilities. Each team member should be
responsible in allocating time for communication and
collaboration when required by the team leader as
deemed in meeting the project’s goal and objectives.
STEPS FOR PROPER COMMUNICATION
1. Create your team’s communication Plan
2. Identify your audience
3. Communicate only the information needed by members
based on their functions/roles.
4. The team should agree on which electronic
communication media will be used as means for
communication.
5. The project manager should coordinate among members
of the team the time most convenient for everyone when
planning to communicate/ collaborate.
Web content development -is the procedure of
researching & gathering valuable information, defining
objectives, finding & evaluating keywords to be used &
organizing the structure for writing & finally publishing a
content.
STEPS IN CREATING A VALUABLE WEB CONTENT (IN
ORDER)
1. Define your objectives
2. Research and analyze
3. Organize the structure of your article
4. Summarize and proofread
THREE RULES FOR CREATING QUALITY CONTENT:

1. INFORMATIVE: The content should provide valuable and
useful information.
2. INTERESTING: The content needs to catch and keep the
audience’s attention from the title to the last period.
3. RELEVANT: The content must be relevant to the business
or company that is being written about.
WEBSITE- is a group of World Wide Web pages usually
containing hyperlinks that are linked together and made
available online for an individual, company, educational
institution, government, or organization.
PURPOSE OF A WEBSITE
A WEBSITE HAS THREE MAIN PURPOSES
- to sell a product
- to share general information about specific subject
- to share information about you.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF WEB-DESIGN
1. CONSIDER YOUR AUDIENCE AND GOALS
2. PLAN YOUR SITE ON A PAPER
3. SITE LAYOUT
a. Strive for consistency
b. Provide a rich set of links within your website
c. Post only relevant information in your website
4. Website Medium
a. Provide opportunities for medium
b. Avoid text-based information
c. Be thematic on web content and design
d. Avoid dead links
5. THE HOMEPAGE
a. Give your website a descriptive title
b. Include a brief introduction
c. Make the homepage is simple yet attractive as possible
6. ACCESSIBILITY
a. Ensure that texts are legible
b. Avoid using large-sized images/videos
7. BETA-TEST THE WEBSITE
a. Ask your classmates to critique your website
b. Proofread your website content
ELEMENTS OF A WEBSITE
1. HEADER - contains the title of the website
2. MENU/NAVIGATION BAR - contains the links where
users can navigate on the website
3. CONTENT WINDOW - is composed of multimedia and
text-based information. It is where images and information
are placed.
4. FOOTER - usually contains the copyright and hosting site
of web publication
MULTIMEDIA- is defined as computer-based, interactive,
experience that incorporates texts, graphics, sound,
animation, video, and virtual reality.
TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA
1. GRAPHICS MULTIMEDIA (drawing and photos e.g. jpg,
png, bmp)
2. Animation Multimedia (2D and 3D animation)
3. Video Multimedia (movie files e.g. mp4, avi, mpg)
4. Audio Multimedia (Sound files such as mp3, wav, wmv)
5. Text Multimedia -styled/designed fonts (Curlz, Cambria,
etc.)
In web development, the following elements are used to
create/insert multimedia.
1. <IMG> - is the element that allow developers to insert
an image
2. <VIDEO> - defines movie/ video file
3. <AUDIO> - defines a sound content
The Web Evolution:
I. Web0.0  Developing the Internet
II. Web1.0  The Static Web
III. Web2.0  The Writing and Participating Web
IV. Web3.0  The semantic Executing Web
V. Web4.0  Mobile Web
VI. Web5.0  Open, Linked, and Intelligent Web= Emotional
Web
Things that have changed by ICT
ICT has changed the society. The Internet has enabled us to
chat and now even see each other over long distance.
ICT has changed company’s business transactions. Before
the Internet, there was no such thing as email. This meant
that the royal mail was delivering much more things like
friendly letters and more business letters. Now, because of
the Internet, they are mostly delivering bills and ordered
packages.
1. It has changed the way we present information. From
text-based information, it has transform the message and
delivery of information through images, emoticons and
gallery, e-books, and videos
2. ICT has transformed higher education. It has widely
changed the teaching and learning methodologies of both
teachers and students. ICT has fundamentally changed the
practices and procedures in all forms of business,
governance and active learning in educational institutions.
3. It has changed the way we do things internal and
external. Out lifestyle has rapidly changed from manual to
automate, from traditional to hi-tech gadgets. From
personal assistant to automated programs.
In summary, Information and Communication technologies
have become commonplace entities in all aspects of life.
POSITIVE IMPACT OF ICT TO SOCIETY
1. Access to information
2. Improved access to education
3. New tools, new opportunities
4. Responsive Communication
5. Security (encryption of password, facial recognition,
fingerprint, etc.)
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ICT TO SOCIETY
1. Job loss
2. Reduced personal interaction
3. Reduced physical activity
4. Costly and expensive
5. Competition
6. Security (malware and fictitious attack)
7. Requires adaptability to innovate Digital citizenship is
the norms of appropriate and responsible technology use
by citizens.
NINE ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP
The REPs (Respect, Educate, Protect) categorization
1. RESPECT YOUR SELF/RESPECT OTHERS
- Etiquette
- Access
- Law
2. EDUCATE YOUR SELF/CONNECT WITH OTHERS
- Literacy
- Communication
- Commerce
3. PROTECT YOUR SELF/PROTECT OTHERS
- Rights and Responsibility
- Safety (Security)
- Health and Welfare
SOCIAL CHANGE- is broadly defined as the transformation
of cultural, economic, political and social institutions and
relationships over time.
Causes of Social change:
Invention- is the combination of existing elements of
culture into something new. Inventions produce new
objects, ideas, and social patterns. Invention of ideas,
objects and social patterns bring social change.
DISCOVERY- occurs when people take note of existing
elements of the world. Medical advances, for example,
offer a growing understanding of the human body. Human
body has been there but perhaps in the olden times
humans did not know much about its functioning and dis-
functioning. Discoveries about the functioning of human
body have added to the scientific knowledge. Beyond the
direct effects on human health, medical discoveries have
stretched life expectancy. Increase in life expectancy is
change in society.
DIFFUSION- is the transference of cultural traits from place
and/or group to another. Diffusion creates change as
products, people, and information spread from one culture
to another. Many of the familiar elements of culture may
have come from other cultures. For purposes of diffusion
to take place, it is necessary to have contact between two
cultures.
INTERNET ADDICTION- is characterized by excessive or
poorly controlled preoccupations, urges or behaviors
regarding computer use and Internet access that lead to
impairment or distress. The condition has attracted
increasing attention in the popular media and among
researchers, and this attention has paralleled the growth in
computer (and Internet) access.
DIGITAL COMMERCE -is defined as electronic buying and
selling of goods.
PLANNING YOUR ICT PROJECT
PROJECT - is a collaborative enterprise, involving research
or design that is carefully planned to achieve a particular
aim.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES- Project objectives define target
status at the end of the project, reaching of which is
considered necessary for the achievement of planned
benefits. They can be formulated as SMART criteria:
Specific, Measurable (or at least evaluable) achievement,
Achievable (recently Agreed-to or Acceptable are used
regularly as well), Realistic (given the current state of
organizational resources) and Time terminated (bounded).
A PROJECT CONCEPT- is a complete documentation of the
proposed project but needs to be implemented yet. The
term "concept" means that it is under planning and
processing for implementation.
A PROBLEM STATEMENT - is a brief description of the
issues that need to be addressed.
Refer to the examples below.
1. Why do people use Internet?
2. What causes the excessive use of Internet?
PROJECT SCOPE - defines the overall content of the project
and states the boundary of the project.
Digital footprint- is a process by which anything that you
do online is tracked and therefore creates a log history of
an individual.
4 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF SPEECH DELIVERY

MANUSCRIPT

The manuscript method of delivering speech involves

writing a manuscript used for reference during the
speech and for official records. Manuscript delivery
should avoid reading the manuscript word for word,
otherwise the speaker risks sounding mechanical. The
use of eye contact and facial expressions helps bring
personality to this type of speech delivery.

MEMORZATION

The memorization method involves memorizing a

speech word for word. This can run the risk of
sounding ass mechanical as the manuscript method.
As in the manuscript method memorizing key talking
points gives the speaker with a more personal
approach. Add personality with voice infection, eye
contact and facial expressions.

IMPROMPTU

The impromptu method involves speeches with little

or no time for preparation and speech writing. In
situations like this, speakers should do everything in
their power to take a few minutes to prepare
themselves. Organizing a speech and breaking it down
into parts is a quick way to mentally prepare a speech.
Preparation should be started at the beginning of an
introduction, or as soon as a speaker realizes they
maybe called on to speak. The typical organizational
format includes a main point, additional proof if
possible and a conclusion.

EXTEMPORANEOUS

The extemporaneous method has more preparation

than the impromptu method. It involves writing,
rewriting, and editing. In addition, the delivery is
practiced, recited, and main points and the exact
wording is not concrete until the delivery is given.
Audiences typically perceive extemporaneous
speeches as spontaneous, while the speaker still
maintains control of the speaking ponts.