DESIGN OF COUNTOR FORT RETAINING WALL with

horizontal back fill

Hieght of cantilever wall from ground level = 7.00 m
Unit weight of Earth = 18 KN/m3
Angle of repose = 30 Degree
Safe Bearing capacity of soil = 180 KN/m3
Coffiecent of friction = 0.5
Concrete M- 20
wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3
Steel fe 415 N/mm2 sst 230 N/mm2
m 13.33 scbc 7 N/mm2
Nominal cover = 30 mm
Foundation depth = 1.00 m
Counter forts width = 0.50 m
DESIGN SUMMARY
Stem thickness At footing #REF! mm At top #REF! mm
Heel width #REF! mm Toe width #REF! mm
Footing width #REF! mm Key #REF! x #REF! mm
Reinforcement Summary
STEM:- Main
(from top
of
Retaining
100% Reinforcement upto m #REF! 10 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c
wall)
50% Reinforcement upto m #REF! 10 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c
25% Reinforcement upto m Top 10 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c

Distribution 8 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c

Tamprecture 8 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c
TOE:-
Main 10 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c
HEEL:-
Main 10 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c
Distribution 8 mm F@ #REF! mm c/c

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 ###
### mm F
#REF! mm F ### @ c/c
#REF! @ c/c ###
###
#REF! ### mm F
#REF! mm F ### @ c/c
#REF! @ c/c ###
#REF! ### mm F
###
#REF! mm F ### @ c/c
#REF! @ c/c
#REF! ### mm F
### @ c/c
#REF! #REF!
### mm F
#REF!

#REF! Toe Heel ### @ c/c

###
#REF! ###

#REF! mm F #REF!
#REF! @ c/c #REF! ###
#REF!
### #REF! #REF!
#REF! mm F ### @ c/c ### mm F
### @ c/c
### F 10 mm F
#REF! ### @ c/c
###

###
#REF!
10 mm F
### @ c/c

10 mm F
### @ c/c

Out side Earth side

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 Design of cc Wall -Max. SEC 1-1

GIVEN DATA: DENSITY:

Wing Wall Top Level = + 62.500 Concrete 2.4 t/m2

Foundation Top Level = + 27.100 Earth 2.1 t/m2

Foundation Bottom Level= + 26.500
Concrete Offsets = 0.900 m
DERIVED DATA: + 62.500
Footing Thickness = 0.600 m
Wing Height & Earth height = 35.400 m W3
Earth Height From Bottom
Height of front batter = 0.000 35.4 W4 w6 27.100
Of Foundation = 36.000 m
W2
WIDTHS:
Top-Width = 0.500 m 900 500 0 27.100
Rear - Batter = 17.700 m 0.6 A W5 26.500
Front - Batter = 0.000 m B
STRESSES IN CONCRETE: 20.00
By taking moments about 'A'
Base Width,b = 18.200 m

SL.NO. FORCE PARTICULARS MAGNITUD L.A MOMENT

`m' `m' `t/m2' constant `t' `m' `tm'
1 W1 0.500 35.400 2.400 42.480 17.950 762.516
2 W2 17.700 35.400 2.400 0.500 751.896 11.800 8872.373
3 W3 17.700 35.400 2.100 0.500 657.909 5.900 3881.663
4 W6 0.000 0.000 2.400 0.500 0.000 18.200 0.000
5 PV 35.400 35.400 2.100 0.0390 102.634
SUM-V= 1554.919
6 PH 35.400 35.400 2.10 0.1456 383.166 14.160 5425.633
SUM-M= 18942.185

X=SUM-M/SUM-V= 18942.185 / 1554.919 = 12.182 m

Eccentricity , e=X-b/2 = 12.182 - 18.2 /2 = 3.082 m
<b/6= 3.033 m
As `e' is <b/6 ,Eccentricity is acceptable .
SUM-V/b= 85.435
6*e/b = 1.016
STRESSES : Maximum stress,fmax = SUM-V/b (1+6e/b)
172.244 t/m2
Minimum stress,fmin = SUM-V/b (1-6e/b)
-1.374 t/m2
STRESSES ON SOIL:
Base Width ,b = 20.00 m

SL.NO. FORCE PARTICULARS MAGNITUD L.A MOMENT

`m' `m' `t/m2' constant `t' `m' `tm'
1 W1 0.5 35.400 2.400 42.480 18.850 800.748
2 W2 17.7 35.400 2.400 0.500 751.896 12.700 9549.079
3 W3 17.7 35.400 2.100 0.500 657.909 6.800 4473.781
4 W6 0.00 0.000 2.400 0.500 0.000 19.100 0.000
5 W4 0.900 35.400 2.100 66.906 0.450 30.108
6 W5 20.000 0.600 2.400 28.800 10.000 288.000
7 PV 36.000 36.000 2.100 0.0390 106.142
SUM-V= 1654.133
8 PH 36.000 36.000 2.1 0.1456 396.265 15.120 5991.526
SUM-M= 21133.242

X=SUM-M/SUM-V= 21133.242 / 1654.133 = 12.776 m

Eccentricity , e=X-b/2 = 12.776 - 20.00/2 = 2.776 m
<b/6= 3.333 m
As `e' is <b/6 ,Eccentricity is acceptable .
SUM-V/b= 82.707
6*e/b = 0.833
STRESSES : Maximum stress,fmax = SUM-V/b (1+6e/b)
151.585 t/m2
Minimum stress,fmin = SUM-V/b (1-6e/b)
13.828 t/m2

check for overturning= 2.53 > 2 ok

check for sliding= 2.09 > 1.5 ok
 172.244
-1.374
151.585
13.828
check for overturning= 2.53 > 2 ok
check for sliding= 2.09 > 1.5 ok

0.000

3.806
DESIGN OF SHEAR KEY

F.S against sliding

Surcharge angle ,ß = #REF! #REF!

Sinß = #REF!
cosß = #REF!
Sinß
Kp = (1-sin(ß))/(1+sin(ß))
1 - #REF!
= #REF!
1 + #REF!
kp = 1/Ka = 1.00 / #REF!
= #REF!

Sliding force = P cos ß = #REF! KN

Resisting force (ignoring Paasive pressure on the toe side ),F = µR

F = #REF! x #REF!
#REF! KN

(FS)Sliding = 0.9F 0.9 x #REF!

P cos ß = #REF!

#REF! < 1.5 #REF!

Hence shear key may be provided to mobilise the balance force through passive resistance

Assume shear key of 6000 mm x 6000 mm at a distance of #REF! m from toe

Distance h2 = h1+depth of the key+ #REF! tanΦ

h1 = height from C.B.L to bottom of the foundation

h2 = #REF! + 6 + #REF! x #REF!

#REF! m
Pp = Kpɤ(h22-h12)/2
#REF! x #REF! x #REF!

#REF! KN

(FS)Sliding = 0.9 x #REF! + #REF!

#REF!

#REF! > 1.5 #REF!

DESIGN OF SHEAR KEY

F.S against sliding

#REF!
BL

h1 #REF! #REF!
h2
7.00
1.5

Pp Ø
1.5

angle of repose ,φ = 28 #REF!

Sinφ = #REF!
cosφ = #REF!
Tanφ = #REF!

Kp 1 + #REF! Ref
= = #REF!
1 - #REF!

Sliding force = P cos ß = #REF! KN (Taken from Stability sheet)

Resisting force (ignoring Paasive pressure on the toe side ),F = µR

F = #REF! x #REF!
#REF! KN

(FS)Sliding = 0.9 F 0.9 x #REF!

P cos ß = #REF!

#REF! < 1.4 #REF!

Hence shear key may be provided to mobilise the balance force through passive resistance

Assume shear key of 1500 mm x 1500 mm at a distance of 7.00 m from toe

Distance h2 = h1 + depth of the key + 7.00 tanΦ

h1 = height from C.B.L to bottom of the foundation

h2 = #REF! + 1.5 + 7.00 x #REF!

#REF! m
Pp = Kpɤ(h22-h12)/2
#REF! x #REF! x #REF!
#REF! KN

(FS)Sliding = 0.9 x ( #REF! + #REF! )

#REF!

#REF! > 1.4 SAFE

8 DESIGN OF FRONT COUNTERFORTS:
Refer fig The upward pressure intensity varies from #REF! kN/m2 at D, to #REF! kN/m2 at E.

Downward weight of #REF! mm thick toe slab = #REF! x #REF! = #REF! kN/m2
Downward weight of #REF! mm thick counterfort wall = #REF! x #REF! = #REF! kN/m2
#REF! kN/m2
hence net w at D = #REF! - #REF! = #REF! kN/m2
and at E = #REF! - #REF! = #REF! kN/m2

The center to center spacing of counterforts, #REF! mm wide is = #REF! m.

Hence upward force transmitted to counterforts

at D = #REF! x #REF! = #REF! kN/m
and at E = #REF! x #REF! = #REF! kN/m

F1

#REF!
G.L F
3.5 m
#REF!
D θ E
#REF!
#REF!
E1
D1
X1

#REF!

#REF! #REF!
kN/m kN/m

The counterforts bent up as cantilever about face FE. Hence DF will be in compression while D1E1 will be
in tension, and main reinforcement will be provide at bottom face D1E1

( #REF! + #REF! )x
Total upward force (Q) #REF! = #REF! kN/m
2.0

#REF! + 2 x #REF! #REF!

acting at x = x = #REF! m from E
#REF! + #REF! 3

B.M. = #REF! x #REF! = #REF! KN-m or #REF! N-m

#REF!
d = = #REF! mm
#REF! x #REF!

Providing effective cover = #REF! mm

Total depth = #REF! + #REF! = #REF! mm

Using 32 mm Dia bars, Area = 804.2 mm2

No of layers providing = 3 layers

Therefore,Provide
total depth D = 3500 mm
and effective thickness = #REF! = #REF! mm #REF!

Thus project the counterforts #REF! mm above groud level to point F1 as shown in above fig.

#REF!
Area of steel near counterforts is = = #REF! mm2
#REF! x #REF! x #REF!

#REF! No. of layers 3

No of bars = = #REF! No's
804
Say 15 No's in Three layers and continue by a distance of 45 Dia beyond E
 M From fig. tan θ #REF!
Effective shear force = Q - tan θ =
d' #REF!

#REF! #REF!
V = #REF! - x = #REF! kN #REF! N
#REF! #REF!

#REF! x 1000
and tv = = #REF! N/mm2
#REF! x #REF!

100xAs 100 x 15 x 804

area of steel = = #REF! %
b xd #REF! x #REF!

tc = #REF! N/mm2 Table 23. IS 456

since tv ### tc #REF!

using 12 mm Dia 4 legged ties, Area = 452 mm2

Vc = tc x b x d = #REF! x #REF! x #REF!

= #REF! N

V1 = V - Vc = #REF! - #REF! = #REF! N

σ sv.Asv.d #REF! x 452 x #REF!

sv = = = #REF! mm
Vs #REF!
subject to a maxi. 300 mm

provide 4 legged ties of 12 mmØ at 200 mm c/c

Also provide 2 no's of 16 mmØ hanger bars on top of counterfort wall

 DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB,TOE SLAB & STEM

Unit weight of soil = 21 Kn/m3

Unit wight of RCC = 25 Kn/m3
Spacing of counter forts = 3.5 x (H/γ) 0.25
= #REF! m c/c
= 3 m c/c
Thickness of counterfort = #REF! m
Clear span between counterforts = #REF! m
Design constants:
Grade of concrete RCC #REF!
Grade of steel Fe 500
σcbc #REF! N/mm2
σst #REF! N/mm2
m #REF!
k #REF!
j #REF!
Q #REF!

W1 #REF!

W3 #REF!

W4 #REF!
#REF! D C B

W2 #REF!

#REF! #REF! #REF!

#REF!
 d c b a

h #REF! Kn/m2

i f g
#REF! Kn/m2
e #REF! Kn/m2
#REF! Kn/m2

Design of UPRIGHT SLAB/STEM:

Pressure intensity at the bottom of upright slab =

Ka x y x H21 = #REF! Kn/m2

2
Ka = 0.832 #REF!
For Inclined height
Ph = #REF!
#REF! X #REF!
#REF! kN

Maximum BM for the upright slab (Stem) for bottom 1 m strip

= WL2 / 12
= #REF!
= #REF! kN - m

Effective depth required for upright slab d = SQRT(M / Qb)

= #REF!
= #REF! mm
Effective cover = 60 mm

There fore over all depth required = #REF!

= #REF! mm
Overall depth of upright slab provided Say 950 mm
= 0.95 m

The thickness of upright slab is taken as 950 mm uniformly through out the height
Max BM for 1 m deep strip = #REF! kN-m

Over all thickness = 950 mm

Effective cover = 60 mm

effective depth provided = 890 mm

d(required) = #REF! mm

Area of steel required = M / σst j d

= #REF!
= #REF! mm2

Assuming the dia of bar = 25 mm

Spacing of steel = 100 mm c/c

Area of stel provided = 490.874 x 1000 / 100

= 4908.74 mm2 #REF!
% of steel Provided 0.517
= 0.12 % BD
Min. steel per meter run (For Tension Zone) = 0.12 x 1000 x 950
= 1140 mm2
Min. area of steel is provided in Compression Zone &
Provide Min. area of steel for distribution bars = 1140 mm2
Assuming the dia of bar = 16 mm

Spacing of steel = 175 mm c/c

Area of steel provided = 201.062 x 1000 / 175

= 1148.92571 mm2 SAFE

Main steel (in Tension Zone) of 25 mm dia at 100 mm c/c spacing

Main steel (in Compression Zone) of 16 mm dia at 175 mm c/c spacing

Distribution steel of 16 mm dia at 175 mm c/c spacing on each face

Design of TOE SLAB:
Consider 1 m wide strip of the heel slab near the heel end 'a'

Weight of soil = #REF!

= #REF! Kn/m2
Dead load of Toe slab = #REF!
= #REF! Kn/m2
TOTAL #REF! Kn/m2

deduct upward pressure = #REF! kN/m2

Net loading W = #REF! kN/m2

Maximum BM = WL2 / 12
= #REF!
= #REF! kN - m
d(required) = #REF! mm

Effective Depth from consideration of Shear

V = #REF! kN
Percentage of steel Provided = #REF!
Tc = #REF!
d = #REF! mm
Tc = V/bd Required
Over all thickness Provided = #REF! mm
Effective cover = 60 mm
d(required) = #REF! mm
effective depth provided = #REF! mm

Area of steel required = M / σst j d

= #REF!
= #REF! mm2

Assuming the dia of bar = 32 mm

Spacing of steel = 100 mm c/c

Area of stel provided = 804.248 x 1000 / 100

= 8042.48 mm2 #REF!
% of steel Provided #REF!
= 0.12 % BD
Min. steel per meter run (For Tension Zone) = #REF!
 = #REF! mm2

Min. area of steel is provided in Compression Zone &

Provide Min. area of steel for distribution bars = #REF! mm2
Assuming the dia of bar = 16 mm 201.062

Spacing of steel = 150 mm c/c

Area of steel provided = 1 x201.062 x 1000 / 150

= 1340.41333 mm2 #REF!

Main steel ( in Tension Zone) of 32 mm dia at 100 mm c/c spacing

Main steel (in Compression zone) of 32 mm dia at 100 mm c/c spacing

Distribution steel of 16 mm dia at 150 mm c/c spacing on each face

Shear check for Toe Slab:

V= #REF! KN
% steel= #REF!
ζv for M30= #REF!
V at
from ζc = V/bd = #REF! N/mm2 Induced
ζv= #REF! N/mm2 Provided
Tv>Tc then safe, hence #REF!
Design of HEEL SLAB:
Consider 1 m wide strip of the heel slab near the heel end 'a'

Weight of soil = #REF!

= #REF! Kn/m2
Weight of soil due to surcharge = 21 x 3.33
= #REF! Kn/m2
Dead load of Heel slab = #REF!
= #REF! Kn/m2
TOTAL #REF! Kn/m2

deduct upward pressure = #REF! kN/m2

Net down ward loading W = #REF! kN/m2

Maximum BM = WL2 / 12
= #REF!
= #REF! kN - m
d(required) = #REF! mm
Over all thickness Provided = #REF! mm

Effective cover = 60 mm

effective depth provided = #REF! mm

Area of steel required = M / σst j d

= #REF!
= #REF! mm2

Assuming the dia of bar = 12 mm

Spacing of steel = 200 mm c/c

Area of stel provided = 113.097 x 1000 / 200

= 565.485 mm2 #REF!
% of steel Provided = #REF!
Distribution steel per meter run = 0.12 % BD
= #REF!
= #REF! mm2
steel is distributed equally on both the faces = #REF! mm2
Assuming the dia of bar = 16 mm 201.062
Spacing of steel = 150 mm c/c

Area of steel provided = 201.062 x 1000 / 150

= 1340.4 mm2 #REF!
#REF!
Main steel of 12 mm dia at 200 mm c/c spacing
However provide16 mm dia at 150 mm c/c spacing on each face
Distribution steel of 16 mm dia at 150 mm c/c spacing on each face

Shear check for Heel Slab:

V= #REF! KN
% steel= #REF!
ζv for M30= #REF!
from ζc depth required= V/bd= #REF! mm

from ζc = V/bd = #REF! N/mm2 Induced

ζv= #REF! N/mm2 Provided
Tv>Tc then safe, hence #REF!
Design of COUNTER FORTS@HEEL:

Top width of Stem = 1000 mm

Thickness of counerfort = 600 mm

1.0 #REF!

#REF!

#REF!

2.2 #REF!

#REF! #REF! #REF!

#REF!
#REF!

Total lateral earth pressure trasfered to one counterfort above the level of base slab

= Ka wh2 x L / 2
= #REF!
= #REF! KN

Max BM for the counterfort (earth Pressure) = #REF!

BM = #REF! kn-m
Over all width of couterfort at base = #REF! m
 = #REF! mm
Effective cover = 60 mm

Effective depth avaliable = #REF!

= #REF! mm

The inclination of main steel with the vertical β

Tan β = #REF!
β = #REF! Degrees
Inclination depth Provided = #REF! mm
Inclination depth req. = #REF! mm
Inclination depth > d req. Safe

Ast required = #REF!

= #REF! mm2
Assuming the dia of bar = 32 mm

No of bars required = 20 Nos

Area of steel provided = 20 x 804.248

= 16084.96 mm2 #REF!

Curtailment of bars:

Let h1 be the depth at which 10 bars can be curtailed

20 - 10 / 20 = #REF!

h1 = #REF! m
say 13 m from top

Let h2 be the depth at which 5 bars can be curtailed

20 - 15 / 20 = #REF!
h1 = #REF! m
say 9.0 m from top
Connection between counterfort and upright slab:

Consider the bottom 1 meter deep strip of upright slab. The pressure on this strip
= #REF! Kn/m2

Lateral earth pressure transferred to the counterfort for 1 m height

= #REF!
= #REF! KN

There fore steel required for meter height = #REF!

= #REF! mm2
Assuming the dia of bar = 12 mm 113.10
Spacing of steel = 160 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 113.097 x 2 x 1000 / 160
= 1413.7125 mm2 #REF!
Provide links of 2 leg horizontal stirrups12 mm dia at 160 mm c/c

Connection between counterfort and heel slab:

Tension trasfered inone meter width of the counterfort near the heal end
= #REF! Kn/m2
Lateral earth pressure transferred to the counterfort for 1 m height
= #REF!
= #REF! KN

There fore steel required for meter height = #REF!

= #REF! mm2
Assuming the dia of bar = 12 mm bar @ 113.1

Spacing of steel = 160 mm c/c

Area of steel provided = 113.097 x 2 x 1000 / 160

= 1413.7 mm2 #REF!

Provide links of 2 leg vertical stirrups12 mm dia at 160 mm c/c

 Design of cc Wall -Max. SEC 1-1

GIVEN DATA: DENSITY:

Wing Wall Top Level = + 62.500 Concrete 2.4 t/m2

Foundation Top Level = + 27.500 Earth 2.1 t/m2

Foundation Bottom Level= + 26.500
Concrete Offsets = 1.000 m
DERIVED DATA: + 62.500
Footing Thickness = 1.000 m
Wing Height & Earth height = 35.000 m W3
Earth Height From Bottom
Height of front batter = 35.000 35 W4 w6 62.500
Of Foundation = 36.000 m
W2
WIDTHS:
Top-Width = 1.000 m 1000 1000 4.5 27.500
Rear - Batter = 12.500 m 1 A W5 26.500
Front - Batter = 4.500 m B
STRESSES IN CONCRETE: 20.00
By taking moments about 'A'
Base Width,b = 18.000 m

SL.NO. FORCE PARTICULARS MAGNITUD L.A MOMENT

`m' `m' `t/m2' constant `t' `m' `tm'
1 W1 1.000 35.000 2.400 84.000 13.000 1092.000
2 W2 12.500 35.000 2.400 0.500 525.000 8.333 4375.000
3 W3 12.500 35.000 2.100 0.500 459.375 4.167 1914.063
4 W6 4.500 35.000 2.400 0.500 189.000 15.000 2835.000
5 PV 35.000 35.000 2.100 0.0390 100.328
SUM-V= 1357.703
6 PH 35.000 35.000 2.10 0.1456 374.556 14.000 5243.784
SUM-M= 15459.847

X=SUM-M/SUM-V= 15459.847 / 1357.703 = 11.387 m

Eccentricity , e=X-b/2 = 11.387 - 18 /2 = 2.387 m
<b/6= 3.000 m
As `e' is <b/6 ,Eccentricity is acceptable .
SUM-V/b= 75.428
6*e/b = 0.796
STRESSES : Maximum stress,fmax = SUM-V/b (1+6e/b)
135.438 t/m2
Minimum stress,fmin = SUM-V/b (1-6e/b)
15.418 t/m2
STRESSES ON SOIL:
Base Width ,b = 20.00 m

SL.NO. FORCE PARTICULARS MAGNITUD L.A MOMENT

`m' `m' `t/m2' constant `t' `m' `tm'
1 W1 1 35.000 2.400 84.000 14.000 1176.000
2 W2 12.5 35.000 2.400 0.500 525.000 9.333 4900.000
3 W3 12.5 35.000 2.100 0.500 459.375 5.167 2373.438
4 W6 4.50 35.000 2.400 0.500 189.000 16.000 3024.000
5 W4 1.000 35.000 2.100 73.500 0.500 36.750
6 W5 20.000 1.000 2.400 48.000 10.000 480.000
7 PV 36.000 36.000 2.100 0.0390 106.142
SUM-V= 1485.017
8 PH 36.000 36.000 2.1 0.1456 396.265 15.120 5991.526
SUM-M= 17981.714

X=SUM-M/SUM-V= 17981.714 / 1485.017 = 12.109 m

Eccentricity , e=X-b/2 = 12.109 - 20.00/2 = 2.109 m
<b/6= 3.333 m
As `e' is <b/6 ,Eccentricity is acceptable .
SUM-V/b= 74.251
6*e/b = 0.633
STRESSES : Maximum stress,fmax = SUM-V/b (1+6e/b)
121.224 t/m2
Minimum stress,fmin = SUM-V/b (1-6e/b)
27.278 t/m2

check for overturning= 2.0012 > 2 ok

check for sliding= 1.8738 > 1.5 ok
 135.438
15.418
121.224
27.278
check for overturning= 2.00 > 2 ok
check for sliding= 1.87 > 1.5 ok

35.000

0.128571
0.357143

3.806