Design of Trashrack Column :

Design Data:
Differential head = 6.00 m (IS : 9761 -1985,clause 5.3.9 )
Grade of concerte = M 25
Grade of Steel = Fe 500

The various loads on column is

1. Slab and Beams @ EL. + 137.44
2. Self weight of Arch Beams
3. Differential water pressure
4. Self weight of column

Column
6.000

X
A
Beam

SECTION

Column

Arch Rib 5.584

PLAN

1. Calculation of Section Properties

0.868 1.833
0.186
0.2
0.400
U/S 1.200 1 3 7
5
2 4

0.535
6
0.535 0.065 0.065 0.750 0.750

Equivalent Section of Pier

Column
Taking Moments about A:

I about
Iyy about it's yy
EL. No. Length Breadth Area (A) x A*x common
own C.G.
C.G.
1 0.5 x 0.54 1.200 0.321 0.357 0.114 0.005104 0.261
2 0.065 1.200 0.078 0.568 0.044 0.000027 0.036
3 0.535 0.800 0.428 0.868 0.371 0.010209 0.072
4 0.065 1.200 0.078 1.168 0.091 0.000027 0.001
5 0.750 0.800 0.600 1.575 0.945 0.028125 0.092
6 2 x0.5x 0.750 0.186 0.140 1.450 0.202 0.004359 0.010
7 0.5 x 0.750 0.800 0.300 2.200 0.660 0.009375 0.281
Total 1.945 2.428 0.753

y = 2.428
1.945

= 1.249 m

x = 0.600 m

2. Calculation of Loads

Case I : Reservoir Empty

i. Due to Slab
Thickness of Slab = 0.25 m
Self weight = 0.25 x 25.0
= 6.25 kN/m2
Live load = 10.00 kN/m2
Total = 16.25 kN/m2

Therefore, Load on column = 16.25 x 5.584 x 5.584

= 506.692 kN
ii. Due to beam, B4
Reaction = 88.491 kN

iii. Due to beam, B2

Self weight = 0.600 x 0.750 x 25.000
= 0.450 kN/m

Load on column = 0.450 x 5.584

= 2.513 kN

iv Due to Arch rib

Self weight of rib = 0.857 x 25.000
= 21.425 kN/m

Weight of 1 rib = 21.425 x 5.584

= 119.637 kN
No. of ribs = 3

Therefore, Load on column = 119.64 x 3.0

= 358.912 kN

v. Due to Column
Self weight of column = 1.945 x 25.000
= 48.613 kN/m
Height of column = 17.000 m

Column
 Total load = 48.613 x 17.0
= 826.413 kN

Total load = i + ii + iii + iv + v = 1783.020 kN

v. Calculation of Stresse
Stress = 1783.020
1.945

= 916.956 kN/m2
Note : The Stress is less than Permissible stress in the section.

Case II : Reservoir Full

Lateral Pressure on Trash Rack = 6.00 x 10.0
= 60.00 kN/m2
Sapcing b/w columns = 5.584 m
Load per metre = 60.000 x 5.584
= 335.040 kN/m
2. Analysis
Note: Column is Analysed as a Continuous beam in between ribs for lateral pressure.

335.04

A B C D E
5.000 6.000 6.000 0.250

i. Calculation of Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = -698.000
MFAB = 698.000
MFBC = -1005.120
MFCB = 1005.120
MFCD = -1005.120
MFDC = 1005.120
MFDE = -1.745
MFED = 1.745

ii. Calculation of Distribution Factors :

Joint Members Stiffness Total D.F.

BA 0.151 0.545
B 0.276
BC 0.125 0.455
CB 0.125 0.500
C 0.251
CD 0.125 0.500
DC 0.125 0.040
D 3.136
DE 3.010 0.960

iii. Moment Distribution :

Joint A B C D E
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED
D.F. 1.00 0.545 0.455 0.500 0.500 0.040 0.960 1.000
F.E.M -698.000 698.000 -1005.120 1005.120 -1005.120 1005.120 -1.745 1.745
Distributi 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.873 -1.745
Sum -698.000 698.000 -1005.120 1005.120 -1005.120 1005.120 -2.618 0.000
B&D 0.000 167.520 139.600 0.000 0.000 -40.100 -962.402 0.000
C.O. 83.760 0.000 0.000 69.800 -20.050 0.000 0.000 -481.201
B&D 0.000 0.000 0.000 -24.875 -24.875 0.000 0.000 0.000

Column
Final -614.240 865.520 -865.520 1050.045 -1050.045 965.020 -965.020 -480.201

Column
3. Design :

1. Span ' AB ':

614.240 335.040 865.520

A B+ + -
-
5.000

MA = 0 ,
RB = 887.856 kN
RA = 787.344 kN

Max. Negative B.M. at face of support

From "A" 0.5 = -262.448 kN-m
=<
Max. Positive B.M.
From "B" 2.5=< = 307.120 kN-m
px
σcbc = 8.33 N/mm2
σst = x p N/mm2
130
m = 11.20
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.498

Required Effective depth = 307.120 x 10 ^6

1.498 x 800.00

= 506.215 mm

Provided Effective depth = 1415 - 75.00 - 12.50

= 1327.5 mm
Hence OK.
i. For Negative B.M. :
Required area of steel = 262.448 x 10 ^6
130.000 x 0.861 x 1327.5

= 1766.914 mm2
Provide 25 mm dia. bars.
Area of one bar = 490.874 mm2

No. of bars = 1766.914

490.874

= 4 no's.
Provide 2 bars of 25 mm dia.

Provided area of steel = 981.748 mm2

ii. For Positive B.M. :

Required area of steel = 307.120 x 10 ^6
130.000 x 0.861 x 1327.5

= 2067.665 mm2
Provide 25 mm dia. bars.

Column
Area of one bar = 490.874 mm2

Column
 No. of bars = 2067.665
490.874

= 4 no's.
Provide 2 bars of 25 mm dia.

Provided area of steel = 981.748 mm2

c. Check for Shear:

Width of Column = 800.000 mm
S.F. at 'd' from face of support = 787.344 - ( 335.040 x 1.328 )
= 342.578 kN

Nominal shear stress = 342.578 x 10 ^3

800.000 x 1327.50

Nominal shear stress = 0.323 N/mm2

% of steel = 100 x 981.75

800.000 x 1327.50

= 0.092 %

Ref : Table No.23 of IS 456.

Pt τc
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
Pemissible shear stress = 0.18 N/mm2
Provide Minimum Shear Reinforcement.
Minimum Shear Reinforcement :
Asv = 0.400
b * Sv 0.87 * fy

Provide 10 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups.

Asv = 157.08 mm2

Sapcing = 177.23 mm

Provide 10.00 dia. 2 legged stirrups at 175.0 mm c/c

2. Span ' BC ':

865.520 335.040 1050.045

B C
6.000

MB = 0 ,
RC = 1035.874 kN
RB = 974.366 kN

Max. Negative B.M. at face of support

From "B" 0.375 = -523.690 kN-m

Max. Positive B.M.

From "C" 1.51 = 132.163 kN-m

Column
 3. Span ' CD':

1050.045 335.040 965.020

C D
6.000

MC = 0 ,
RD = 990.949 kN
RC = 1019.291 kN

Max. Negative B.M. at face of support

From "C" 0.375 = -691.368 kN-m

Max. Positive B.M.

From "D" 1.75 = 256.111 kN-m

4. Span ' DE':

965.020 335.040 -480.201

D E
0.250

MC = 0 ,
RE = -5739.004 kN
RD = 5822.764 kN

Max. Negative B.M. at face of support

From "D" 0.375 = 1194.959 kN-m

Max. Positive B.M.

From "E" 1.75 = -10076.087 kN-m

iv. Max. Reactions on Ribs :

RB = 1862.2 kN
RC = 2055.2 kN
RD = 6813.7 kN

4. Check for Combined Direct load and Moment on Plain Concrete Section, neglectiong reinforcement.
Consider column "AB"
Stress = P M
A Z

Max. Stress = 1783.020 865.520 x 1.451

1.945 0.753

= 2585.9 kN/m2

Min. Stress = 1783.020 865.520 x 1.249

1.945 0.753

= -752.0 kN/m2

Column
 Note: No tension is developed in the Section, hence provided section is safe.

5. Calculation of Minimum Reinforcement :

i. Longitudinal Reinforcement
Min. Ast = 0.8% gross area

Min. Ast = = 0.8 x 1944500.000

100

= 15556.000 mm2
Provide 25 mm dia. bars.
Area of one bar = 490.874 mm2
No. of bars = 31.7 no.
Provide 33 bars of 25 mm dia.
Provided Area of steel = 16198.837 mm2

Column
ii. Hoop Reinforcement

Gross Area (Ag) = 1.945 m2

Core Area (Ak) = (Ag-50%Ag) - Asc
= 0.972 - 0.0162
= 0.956 m2

Volume of core per metre (Vk) = 0.956 m3

Apprximate Length of hoop = 10.124 m

Using 10 mm dia, hoop reinforcement with pitch of 'p' in m,
Area of bar = 78.540 mm2
Volume of hoop reinforcement per meter (Vh) = 0.00785 x 10.124
= 0.080 m3/m
p
According to Cl.39.5.4.1 of IS : 456

Vh 0.360 Ag - 1 fck
Vk Ak fy

0.080 0.360 1.945 -1 20000.0

0.956 0.956 415000.0

0.083 = 0.0179
p = 4.637 m
= 4636.6405 mm

Provide 10 mm dia. hoops @ 150 mm c/c.

Column
 Design of Beam ( BM - 2 ) :
Design Data :
Effective span = 3.250 m

Analysis

i. Due to Slab Dead and Live load :

Trepezoidal Load on beam = 9.532 x 0.5 ( See relevant design)
= 4.766 kN/m (BM3 design)

ii. Due to Self weight of beam :

Self weight of beam = 0.600 x 0.75 x 25.00
= 11.250 kN/m

11.250 kN/m

3.250

Max.Positve B.M. = 11.250 x 3.250 ^2

8

= 14.854 kN-m

Max. Shear 11.250 x 3.250

2

= 18.281 kN

ii. Due to Point load from BM -5 :

Reaction from BM - 5 = 78.87 x 2.0

= 157.740 kN ( See relevant design sheet )

157.740 kN

1.625 1.625

Max.Positve B.M. = 157.740 x 3.25

4

= 128.164 kN-m

Max. Shear 157.740

=
2

= 78.870 kN

BM - 2
 Total B.M. = i + ii = 14.854 + 128.164
= 143.017 kN - m

Total S.F. = i + ii = 18.281 + 78.870

= 97.151 kN

Design :
σcbc = 7 N/mm2
σst = 130 N/mm2
m = 13.333
k = 0.418
j = 0.861
Q = 1.259

Required effective depth = 143.017 x 10 ^6

1.259 x 600.00

= 435.129 mm
Assumed overall depth = 750.000 mm

Provided Effective depth = 750.000 - 50.00 - 12.50

= 687.500 mm
Hence OK

Required Area of steel = 143.017 x 10 ^6

130 x 0.86 x 687.50

= 1859.184 mm2

Provide 25 mm dia. bars.

Area of one bar = 490.874 mm2
No. of bars = 3.79 no.
Provide 4 bars of 25 mm dia.
Provided Area of steel = 1963.495 mm2

2. Check for Shear:

S.F. ( V ) = 97.151 kN

Nominal shear stress = 97.151 x 10 ^3

600.000 x 687.50

0.236 N/mm2

% of steel = 100 x 1963.50

600.000 x 687.50

= 0.476 %

BM - 2
 Ref : Table No.23 of IS 456.
Pt τc
0.25 0.22
0.50 0.30

Pemissible shear stress = 0.292 N/mm2

Provide Nomimal Shear Reinforcement

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

Provide 10 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups
Area of Stirrup = 157.080 mm2
Asv 0.4
b * Sv = 0.87 * f y

Spacing of Stirrups = 157.080 x 0.87 x 415.00

0.400 x 600.00

Spacing = 236.307 mm

Provide 10 mm dia. 2 legged stirrups at 200.0 mm c/c

BM - 2
 Design of Trashrack Top Slab :

Design Data:
Length of the panel = 4.058 m
Width of the panel = 3.214 m
Thickness of slab = 200 mm
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Grade of concrete = 20 N/mm2
Grade of steel = 415 N/mm2

Solution :
Permissible Comp. stress in concrete (σcbc) = 7 N/mm2
Permissible Tensile stress in steel (σst) = 130 N/mm2

Step 1 : Calculation of design constants :

Modular ratio (m) = 280/(3*σcbc) = 13.333
Neutral axis factor (k) = 1/(1+(σst/ (m* σcbc))) = 0.418
Lever arm factor (j) = 1-(k/3) = 0.861
Moment of resistance factor (Q)=1/2*k*j*σcbc = 1.259

ly / lx ratio = 1.263
Design as a Two way slab =

Step 2 : Load Calculations :

Selfweight of slab = 0.20 x 25.0
= 5.00 kN/m2
Live load = 10.00 kN/m2

Total load = i + ii = 5.00 + 10.00

Load on beam in shorter direction = kN/m

Load on beam in longer direction = kN/m

= 15.00 kN/m2
Step 3 : Calculation of Bemdimg Moment coefficients :
Ref: I.S. : 456, Table No.26 :
i. One short edge continuous :
For ly / lx ratio = 1.263

The Bending Moment coefficients are as follows :

a. Short span coefficients (αx) :
Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.0499
Possitive moment at mid span = 0.0379
b. Long span coefficients (αy) :
Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.037
Possitive moment at mid span = 0.028
Step 4 : Calculation of Bending Moments
1. Negative moment at continuous edge
Short span moment = αx* w * lx2 = 7.728 kN-m
Long span moment = αy* w * lx2 = 5.733 kN-m
2. Possitive moment at mid span =
Short span moment = αx* w * lx2 = 5.869 kN-m
Long span moment = αy* w * lx2 = 4.339 kN-m

Step 5 : Check for Effective depth :

Slab
 Required Effctive depth d= M = 7.728 x 10 ^6
Q*b 1.259

= 78.351 mm

Provided Effective depth = 200.00 - 25.00 - 5.00

= 170.00 mm
Hence O.K.

Step 6 : Calculation of Reinforcement :

i. Reinforcement for Short span :
a. Steel for negative moment = 406.303 mm2
b. Steel for possitive moment = 308.552 mm2
@ mm dia. Bars
ii. Reiforcement for long span : @
a. Steel for negative moment = 301.399 mm2
b. Steel for possitive moment = 228.086 mm2
@ mm dia. bars
iii. Minimum Reinforcement :
Minimum Area of steel = 0.12 x 1000 x 200.000
100

= 240 mm2
1. Reinforcement for Negative B.M. :
Required area of steel = 406.303 mm2
Provide 10 mm dia. bars
Area of each bar = 78.539816 mm2
Spacing = 327.24923 mm
Provide 10 mm dia. bars at 150 mm c/c.
Provided Area of Steel = 523.59878 mm2

2. Reinforcement for Positive B.M. :

Required area of steel = 308.552 mm2
Provide 10 mm dia. bars
Area of each bar = 78.539816 mm2
Spacing = 254.54336 mm
Provide 10 mm dia. bars at 150 mm c/c.
Provided Area of Steel = 523.59878 mm2

Step 7 : Check for Shear :

S.F. = 15 x 3.214
2

= 24.105 kN

Nominal Shear Stress = 24.105 x 10 ^3

1000 x 170.00

= 0.142 N/mm2
% of Steel (pt) = 0.308 %

Ref : Table No.23 of IS: 456,2000.

pt τc
0.25 0.22
0.50 0.30

Permissible shear stress (τc) = 0.239 N/mm2

Hence OK

Slab
Slab
Case II: Water upto FSL and Trashrack clogged

Design Data:
FSL of canal = + 497.48 m
Top of slab = + 496.90 m
Length of the panel = 4.058 m
Width of the panel = 3.214 m
Thickness of slab = 200 mm
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Grade of concrete = 20 N/mm2
Grade of steel = 415 N/mm2

Solution :
Permissible Comp. stress in concrete (σcbc) = 7 N/mm2
Permissible Tensile stress in steel (σst) = 130 N/mm2

Step 1 : Calculation of design constants :

Modular ratio (m) = 280/(3*σcbc) = 13.333
Neutral axis factor (k) = 1/(1+(σst/ (m* σcbc))) = 0.418
Lever arm factor (j) = 1-(k/3) = 0.861
Moment of resistance factor (Q)=1/2*k*j*σcbc = 1.259

ly / lx ratio = 1.263
Design as a Two way slab =

Step 2 : Load Calculations :

Selfweight of slab = 0.20 x 25.0
= 5.00 kN/m2

Water head acting on slab = 497.48 - 496.90

= 0.58 m
weight of water = 0.58 x 10.0
= 5.80 kN/m2
Submerged weight of slab = 5.80 + 5.00
= 10.80 kN/m2

Step 3 : Calculation of Bemdimg Moment coefficients :

Ref: I.S. : 456, Table No.26 :
i. One short edge discontinuous :
For ly / lx ratio = 1.263

The Bending Moment coefficients are as follows :

a. Short span coefficients (αx) :
Negative moment at continuous edge = 0.0499
Possitive moment at mid span = 0.0379
 b. Long span coefficients (αy) :
Negative moment at continuous edge
Possitive moment at mid span
Step 4 : Calculation of Bending Moments
1. Negative moment at continuous edge
Short span moment = αx* w * lx2
Long span moment = αy* w * lx2
2. Possitive moment at mid span
Short span moment = αx* w * lx2
Long span moment = αy* w * lx2
= 0.037
= 0.028
= 5.564 kN-m
= 4.128 kN-m
=
= 4.226 kN-m
= 3.124 kN-m

Step 5 : Check for Effective depth :

Required Effctive depth d= M = 5.564 x 10 ^6

Q*b 1.259

= 66.483 mm

Provided Effective depth = 200.00 - 25.00 - 5.00

= 170.00 mm
Hence O.K.

Step 6 : Calculation of Reinforcement :

i. Reiforcement for Short span :
a. Steel for negative moment = 292.538 mm2
b. Steel for possitive moment = 222.157 mm2
@ mm dia. Bars
ii. Reiforcement for@long span :
a. Steel for negative moment = 217.008 mm2
b. Steel for possitive moment = 164.222 mm2
@ mm dia. bars
iii. Minimum Reinforcement :
Minimum Area of steel = 0.12 x 1000 x 200.000
100

= 240 mm2
a. Reinforcement for Negative B.M. :
Required area of steel = 292.538 mm2
Provide 10 mm dia. bars
Area of each bar = 78.539816 mm2
Spacing = 327.24923 mm
Provide 10 mm dia. bars at 150 mm c/c.
Provided Area of Steel = 523.59878 mm2
b. Reinforcement for Positive B.M. :
Required area of steel = 222.157 mm2
Provide 10 mm dia. bars
Area of each bar = 78.539816 mm2
Spacing = 353.53244 mm
Provide 10 mm dia. bars at 150 mm c/c.
Provided Area of Steel = 523.59878 mm2

Step 7 : Check for Shear :

S.F. = 10.8 x 3.214
2

= 17.356 kN

Nominal Shear Stress = 17.356 x 10 ^3

1000 x 170.00

= 0.102 N/mm2
% of Steel (pt) = 0.308 %

Ref : Table No.23 of IS: 456,2000.

pt τc
0.25 0.22
0.50 0.30

Permissible shear stress (τc) = 0.239 N/mm2

Hence OK
Design of Pier Section:-
* Grade of concrete = = M 25
* Grade of steel = Fe 500
* Length of Pier (D)
(equivalent length) = 2.700 m
* Width of pier (b) = 0.800 m
* Axial load coming on to pier = 2300.000 Kn
* Factored axial load (Pu) = 1.5 x 2300.000 = 3450 KNm
or 3450 KN
* Moment about X- axis = 2280 KN-m
* Factored moment about X - axis Mux = 1.5 X 2280 = 3420 KN-m
or 3420 KN-m
* Moment about Y-axis = 46 KN-m
* Factored moment about Y - axis M uy = 1.5 X46 = 69 KNm
or 69 KNm
* Unsupported length of pier(l) = (+ 214.074 m) - (+ 208.330 M) = 5.744 m
* Effective length = 1.2 X 5.744 = 6.8928 m
[ cl. 306.1 - IRC.21 - 2000 ]
* M.Ixx = bd3 = 0.8 X 2.700 ³ = 1.31 m4
12 12
* M.Iyy = db3 = 2.7 X 0.8 ³ = 0.12 m4
12 12
* Radius of gyratio Rxx = M.Ixx = bd3/12 = d = 8.071 = 2.33 m
A bd 12 12

* Radius of gyratio Ryy = M.Ixy = db3/12 = b = 2 = 0.58 m

A bd 12 12

* Least Radius of gyration = 0.58 (YY)

* Slenderness ratio (SR)yy = Effective length
Least Radius of gyration
6.8928 = 11.94 < 12
0.58

* Slenderness ratio (SR)xx = Effective length

Least Radius of gyration
6.8928 = 2.96 < 12
2.33
* Pier is not under slender about any axis
* When Pier is slender about an axis, an additional moments ( M ax / May )
should be taken into account, along that axis only.
* Anyhow, additional moments in both the direction are calcuted below,
but only an addition moment in YY -axis is to be considered in analysis.
* Additional moments :-
→ Max = Puex = Pu[ leff/D ]2 X D
2000
= 3450 6.893 ² x 2.700 = 30.35 KNm
2.700 2000 ≈ 30.4 KNm
≈ 31 KNm
→ May = Puey = 3450 6.8928 ² x 0.8 = 102.4 KNm
0.8 2000 ≈ 102 KNm
* Assume the reinforcement percentage p = 0.8
* Gross area (Ag) = 2.700 x 0.8 = 2.16 m2
* From chart 63 , Puz = 14.5 N/mm2
Ag

Puz = 14.5 x 2.16 x (10³)² = 31320 KN

1000
For 32 mm ø bar and 50 mm clear cover
d1
= 50 + 32 = 66 mm ≈ 6.6 cm
2
d1 = 6.6 = 0.0244 ≈ 0.05
 D xx 270 Use in
chart no. 48
d1 = 6.6 = 0.0825 ≈ 0.1
b yy 80

Pbx (or) Pby = K1 + K2 P/fck fckbd From table 60, K1, K2 values

= 0.219 + 0.173 x 0.8 25 x 2.16 x 106

25 1000
= 12125 KN
Multiplying factor Kx or Ky = Puz - Pu
Puz - (Pbx or Pby)
Kx (or) Ky = 31320 - 3450 = 1.45
31320 - 12125
Additional moments multiplied by 'K' value
Max = 31 x 1.45 = 45 KN-m
May = 102 x 1.45 = 149 KN-m
Min. eccentricity
exx = l + D l - unsupported length
500 30
= 5.744 x 10³ + 2.700 x 10³
500 30
= 101.5 mm ≈ 10.1 cm
eyy = 5.744
x 10³ + 0.8 x 10³
500 30
= 38.2 mm ≈ 3.82 cm
But as per IS 456-2000, cl. 25.4 (p.g. no - 42) min. eccentricity = 20 mm or 2 cm
Both exx & eyy are greater than 2 cm
Moment due to min. eccentricity
Mux ( e ) = 3450 x 10.1 = 350 KN-m < 3420 KN-m
100
Muy ( e ) = 3450 x 3.82 = 132 KN-m > 69 KN-m
100
Total moments
Mux = 3420 KN-m
Muy = 149 + 132 = 280 KN-m
( Since pier is slender about yy-axis, additional moment in yy-direction is only considered )
Pu = 3450 x 10³ = 0.06
fck bd 25 x 2.16 x 106
P = 0.8 = 0.03
fck 25
From chart No 47, & d1/D = 0.05
Mux1 = 0.08
fck bD2
Mux1 = 0.08 x 25 x 800 x 2.16 x 106 = 3456 KN-m
10³ x 10³
Muy1 = 0.08 x 25 x 2700 x 2.16 x 106 = 11664 KN-m
10³ x 10³
Mux = 3420 = 0.9896 Pu = 3450 = 0.110 ≈ 0.1
Mux1 cal 3456 Puz 31320

Muy = 280 = 0.024 ≈ 0.02

Muy1 11664
From chart 64, Mux = 1.0 > Mux Hence OK.
Mux1 allowable Mux1 cal

Assumed reinforcement of 0.8 % is sufficient.

Area of steel (As) to be provided
As = 0.8 x 80 x 270 = 172.8 cm2 ≈ (As) provided
100 Revise