RESEARCH JOURNAL #14

MARY JOY SEMBRERO 11-26-2019

8-ADELFA GROUP 1
FEASIBILITYOF AVERRHOA BILIMBI AND CITRUS RETICULATA FRUIT
EXTRACT AS SOAP FOR MOISTURIZING DRY SKIN

Abstract
Soaps are cleaning agents that usually made by reacting alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide) with naturally
occurring fat or fatty acids. The reaction produces sodium salts of these fatty acids, which improve
the cleaning process by making water better able to lift away greasy stains from skin, hair, clothes,
and just about anything else.The researcher had five goals that have needed to give objectives. The
goal that has needed to find an objective is what the Effectiveness of Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus
Reticulata fruit extract as soap are for moisturize dry skin. The researcher first goal is prove that the
homemade organic soap is not expensive than the commercial soap. Second goal is to help people
with skin problems. The third goal is to avoid attaching too much chemical contents in our body. The
fourth goal is to formulate a soap that is gentle and delicate to all types of skin. In addition, the last
goal of this research is to decrease the use of chemicals that is not just harmful to human body.In
order to determine the right combination, two batches of soap with different fruits we are prepared
Batch I is made of 10 pcs of Averrhoabilimbi fruit and 200 grams of glycerin soap base. Batch II is
composed of 3 pcs of Citrus reticulata and 250 grams of glycerine soap base.Organic soap using
Kamias and Orange extracts help people who experiencing dry skin. Kamias and Orange fruits had
the nutrient to help moisturize dry skin. Nutrient Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant, it also helps to
fight skin damage caused by the sun and pollution, reduces wrinkles and impose overall skin texture.
In addition, it helps body collagen synthesis can be improved. This making you look stunning
naturally. For a more wide-ranging investigation, the researchers recommend the following. Add more
ingredients and materials you used to make your soap pleasant and attractive. Further studies should
be conducted feasibility other parts of the kamias and orange fruit. It would be better if it covers a
wider range of antioxidant to better prove its moisturize property.

Chapter 1
Introduction
Background of Study
Soaps are cleaning agents that usually made by reacting alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide) with naturally
occurring fat or fatty acids. The reaction produces sodium salts of these fatty acids, which improve
the cleaning process by making water better able to lift away greasy stains from skin, hair, clothes,
and just about anything else. As a substance that has helped clean bodies as well as possessions,
soap has been remarkably useful.Organic soap is not hypoallergenic because it is not made of goat's
milk and lye compare to those commercial soap that made of goat's milk and lye that causes allergy
reaction especially to those who has sensitive skin and also organic soap is basically environmental
friendly it is made of fruits that contains natural vitamins.Kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) and orange (citrus
reticulata) soap help to increase our crop industry and also it has a great important for our daily
needs. The benefits of our kamias(AverrhoaBilimbi) and orange (citrus reticulata) organic soap helps
everyone like us, entrepreneurs to earn extra income and gain more money and for us to save budget
because the price negotiable than other soap in market. It is also helps people who have a dry skin at
has an essential nutrient that helps to moisture our skin.
An important research study are not investigated by other authors because they ignored this area or
there is a conflict about this area they previews research field has ignored the possible benefits of
orange fruit and kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) fruit in our skin. They disregard the possible health benefits
of this two fruits in our body. The aim of this present paper is to give knowledge to our future
researcher that orange and kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) fruits havenutrients that help our skin to be
research.
This investigation aim to test if the kamias(AverrhoaBilimbi) and orange fruit does moisture the skin
of people who use this.

Objectives of the study

One of the importance of this research or study is to find out the goal or reason why this research has
been conducted. The researcher had five goals that have needed to give objectives. The goal that
has needed to find an objective is what the Effectiveness of Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus Reticulata fruit
extract as soap are for moisturize dry skin. The researcher first goal is Prove that the homemade
organic soap is not expensive than the commercial soap. Second goal is to help people with skin
problems. The third goal is to avoid attaching too much chemical contents in our body. The fourth
goal is to formulate a soap that is gentle and delicate to all types of skin. In addition, the last goal of
this research is to decrease the use of chemicals that is not just harmful to human body.

Statement of the problem

The focus of this study is to determine the potential of Organic soap made of Kamias
(Averrhoabilimbi) and Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Fruit Extract as a moisturizer dry skin.
The goal of this study is to answer the following questions:
1. How does orange organic soap be described in terms of:

1.1. pH level

1.2. Physical Appearance

1.3. Aroma

2. How does kamiasorganic soap be described in terms of:

2.1. pH level

2.2. Physical Appearance

2.3. Aroma

3. How does orange and kamiasorganic soaps differ in terms of:

3.1. pH level

3.2. Physical Appearance

3.3. Aroma

4. How does the moisturizing effect differ in the following variables:

2.1 orange,

2.2 kamias, and

2:3. organic soap

Significance of the study

1. To the parents. Lessen their budget from buying expensive products for skin problem. The usual
soap is more expensive because of their ingredients.
2. To the children. Avoid the attachment of chemical in their skin. The organic soap is made of
kamias and orange fruit that compose of natural vitamins that suitable for skin.
3. To DOH. Prove the research’s experiment is able to sell in market. To spread to the public market
and also to introduce to the consumer
4. To the stakeholders. They could produce and provide affordable soap in the market. To earn more
money or by franchising to this kind of soap
5. To the Future Researchers. The future researchers could have an idea about the possible product
can be produced out of Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus reticulate. Also, the result of this study will help
future researcher to support the study their respective field of specialization.

Scope and Delimitations

This study only utilizes orange and kamias as the main ingredients in making an organic soap.

Chapter 2
Review of Literature
This chapter presents the review of related literature of local studies and foreign studies used in the
study.
Kamias is the Filipino name for a tree scientifically known as Averrhoabilimbi. In English, it is known
as the cucumber or sorrel tree. This tropical tree is found naturally in Malaysia and Indonesia, and its
fruit is used both for cooking and traditional medicine. The natural properties of kamias is like vitamins
B and C, iron, phosphorus and antioxidants. Studies haves shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory
cytotoxic, antioxidant, antifertility, and antibacterial activities.
Orange
An orange is a type of citrus fruit that people often eat or they can sniff the skin when grinded into a
smooth powder. Oranges are a very good source of vitamin like The "sweet orange", which is the
kind that are most often eaten today, grew first in South and East Asia but now grows in lots of parts
of the world.
Glycerin uses
This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor
skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are substances that
soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking.
One of the nature’s of kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) is a fruit-bearing tree of Averrhoa family Oxalidaceae.
Kamias is a medicinal plants which cures that has a natural properties like vitamins B and C, iron,
phosphorus and antioxidants.Studies haves shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory cytotoxic,
antioxidant, antifertility, and antibacterial activities.
According to Philstar (2014)for a rosier, smoother skin.Kamias (AverrhoaBilimbi) are used in acne
swellings and is an antioxidant and is antimicrobial and anti-bacterial and it helps in preventing the
side effects of acne. It gently and naturally exfoliates your skin leaving you with a smoother, healthier
and rosier skin.
According to Ellaine M. AndalesAngelica Mae J. FloresHannah C. Mendoza (2008)Kamias(
AverrhoaBilimbi )Leaves AndfruitExtract:Its Antibacterial Effect On Escherichia
Coli,StaphylococcusAureus And Salmonellaenteritidis, Kamias Leaves and fruit extract is as an
antibacterial agent is more effective than the commercialized and at the same time, available in our
environment.
According to Trixie Rose E. Cortez, Sharmine R. Teves, Ron Angel O. Tribiana, and Dejerida Baby
Jen P. Bayona (2015) kamias (Averrhoabilimbi) with help of foetid cassia leave extract can be
potential as anti-fungal. Kamias(Averrhoabilimbi) are used in many medical purposes because of its
high acidic properties such as protein, fiber, phosphorus, iron, calcium, carotene, ascorbic acid.
The natural oil of orange fruit (Citrus Reticulata) is a medicinal which cures that has a natural
properties like moisturizing skin for softer healthier looking skin, Antioxidants which may slow down
the production of wrinkles, Citric Acid which helps to aids the dry out acne, And the higher content of
Vitamins C which keep your skin looking younger.
According to, Mokhtar SI, Aziz NAA (2016) Antimicrobial Properities of Averrhoabilimbi Extracts at
Different Maturity Stages. Averrhoabilimbi is not only for moisturizer it can be for antimicrobial that
can helps to remove the bacteria because the bacteria was more sensitive to the extract that the
extract have stronger antimicrobial effects against bacteria.
According to, P. Yashaswini and Arvind (2015) Antimicrobial Properties of Orange (Citrus reticulata
var. Kinnow) Peel Extracts against Pathogenic Bacteria. Citrus reticulate it can antimicrobial
compounds to protect themselves from biotic attack that could be essential for microbial infection
resistanc

Chapter 3
Methodology
This chapter consists of the materials in the study, components of materials used, Cost of the
materials, and procedure on making the product

I. Materials
Materials Components Cost

 14 oz

vegetable oil,

lard, tallow,

or other oil
 Glycerin Soap
 5.5 oz
Base
coconut oil
₱350
 8 oz castor

oil

 .75 oz

safflower or

sunflower oil

 4 oz lye, also

called 100%

sodium

hydroxide

 5 oz filtered

or distilled

water

 vitamins B

 vitamin C

 Kamias  Iron

(AverrhoaBilimbi)  Phosphorus ₱10

 antioxidants

 vitamin C

 thiamin

 Orange Fruit  folate ₱50

(Citrus  potassium

Reticulata)
  propylene

glycol

 Fragrance oil  vegetable oil

 mineral oil ₱100

 flavor oils

In order to determine the right combination, two batches of soap with different fruits we are prepared
Batch I is made of 10 pcs of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and 200 grams of glycerin soap base. Batch II is
composed of 3 pcs of Citrus reticulata and 250 grams of glycerine soap base. Measure amount of
glycerine soap base are melted in.After melting the glycerine soap base we cut the Averrhoabilimbi
and Citrus reticulata into small pieces and get the extract of each fruit. After getting the extract of
Averrhoabilimbi and Citrus reticulate fruit we all mix the materials needed to produce soap. After
mixing all the materials we put the mixture in a soap mold. And we set aside the mixture about 1-2
hours. The soap samples produced we cut into strips for testing. Several tests we’re conducted to
determine if the soap really helps to moisturizing dry skin. To determine the capability or the quality of
our soap in moisturizing dry skin we use a testing method. “Performance testing” The process of
evaluating of the quality or capability of a product. We use our organic soap one to two weeks to test
the capability of our soap if it is moisturizing dry skin

Chapter 4
Result and Discussion
This chapter showed of the recording observation of the researcher, the results of the test on the
product and discussion of the study.
1. How does orange and kamias differ in terms to?
1.1. pH level
The pH balance of products is important as it affects the skins and surfaces as they are being used. It
is noted that the organic soap is good and suitable for sensitive skin.
Kamias Orange

The pH level of the kamias soap using The pH level of the Orange soap using

litmus paper is base litmus paper is base

The table above shows, the pH level of the organic soap using Litmus paper. The researchers used
this method to know the pH level of organic soap if it is acidic, neutral, and alkaline. The researcher’s
organic soap they are both alkaline.
 1.2. Physical Appearance

Type of

Organic Soap Physical Appearance

Kamias

The Physical Appearance of

Kamias soap is small, attractive,

and the texture is smooth

Orange

The Physical Appearance of

Kamias soap is small, attractive,

and the texture is smooth

As any other soap products, the attractiveness of soap for consumers tends to the judge visually, this
having good physical appearance is important. Our formulated organic as shown in figure1, was
opaque and has orange reach in the color. It was a good order given by the fragrance in the
ingredients and good moisturizer ability. The organic soap was observed to be significantly different
with commercial soap in terms of physical appearance and its aroma.

1.3 Aroma

Type of

Organic Soap Aroma

Kamias

The scent of kamias soap is

pleasant

Orange

The orange soap has sweet

aroma
2. What is the difference of moisturizer effect in the following variable, namely?

2.1 Orange

Time Observations

30 mins There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

1 hr There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

1.5 hr There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

2 hr There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

2.5 There’s Nothing Happen on the soap

3 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

3.5 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

4 Fully melted

2.2Kamias,

Time Observations

30 mins There’s Nothing Happen

1 hr There’s Nothing Happen

1.5 hr There’s Nothing Happen

2 hr There’s Nothing Happen

2.5 There’s Nothing Happen

3 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

3.5 Slightly Melted on the bulb light

4 Not fully melted

The table shown above, the capability of the organic soap to be used as moisturize effects was trialed
by how many minutes and hours have been used to know the fastest effect of moisturize. The
researcher used Incandescent light bulb and mansanilya leaves because mansanilya leaves and skin
have same molecules that is why the researchers used this mansanilya leaves and the Incandescent
light bulb help to melt the organic soap on the leaves. The result of the method used of the
researchers, the fastest melted of the organic soap on the leaves is the fastest moisturize effect on
the skin and the organic soap fastest melted is the orange organic soap base on the researcher
observations.
3. How does kamias and Orange differ in terms of the following variable?
The organic soap was prepared by using blending method. This method retains the Glycerine
contents and ensures soft-lathering properties both orange and Kamias soap is considered as a
moisturizer for dry skin because it was a nutrient to help skin to moisturize. It has low dermal toxicity
and is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, making it safe for use and suitable for sensitive skin.
 Physical appearance
As any other soap products, the attractiveness of soap for consumers tends to the judge visually, a
having good physical appearance is important. Our formulated organic as shown in figure1, was
opaque and has orange reach in the color. It was a good order given by the fragrance in the
ingredients and good moisturizer ability. The organic soap was observed to be significantly different
with commercial soap in terms of physical appearance and its aroma.

Chapter 5
Conclusion, Summary and Recommendation
This chapter presents the conclusion, summary of the research that presented, Recommendation for
further research end the chapter.

Conclusions
1. How does orange organic soap be described in terms of:
1.1 pH level

The organic soap is small, attractive and smooth. The orange soap is attractive because of its strong
color by means of the color of the extract of the orange. The aroma of the orange soap has the strong
pleasant smell that can attract the consumer’s interest.
2. How does kamias organic soap be described in terms of:
2.1 pH level

The Kamias organic soap is small, not that attractive and smooth. It is small because we just make a
medium size of usual size of the organic. The color of the kamias is not that attractive because it
looks like brownish one. The aroma of the kamias soap has the pleasant smell but not that much
smelly
3. How does orange and kamias organic soaps differ in terms of:
3.1 pH level

The orange soap is differing from the kamias soap by means of their smell. The orange soap is much
sweet-scented than the kamias soap and orange soap differ in kamias soap because orange soap is
more the orange soap is more attractive than the kamias.
4. How does the moisturizing effect differ in the following variables:
The moisturizing effect of orange soap is much effective than the kamias because base on our
experiment the onedissolves faster is the one who moisturize fast. The moisturizing effect of the
kamias soap is not like the orange soap because base on our experiment kamias soap is slow to
dissolve unlike the orange soap so it means kamias soap is not that fast to moisturize the skin.

Summary
The present study, we formulated an organic soaps of kamias and orange extracts used to moisturize
dry skin. All the ingredients used to formulate the organic soap are safer than commercial soaps. In
addition, the physiochemical and physical evaluation showed ideal results, but further research is
required to improve its quality especially on the moisturizing performance and to identify the
constituents, which are responsible for the performance.
Organic soap using Kamias and Orange extracts help people who experiencing dry skin. Kamias and
Orange fruits had the nutrient to help moisturize dry skin. Nutrient Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an
antioxidant, it also helps to fight skin damage caused by the sun and pollution, reduces wrinkles and
impose overall skin texture. In addition, it helps body collagen synthesis can be improved. This
making you look stunning naturally.

Recommendation
For a more wide-ranging investigation, the researchers recommend the following:
1.Add more ingredients and materials you used to make your soap pleasant and attractive
2. Further studies should be conducted feasibility other parts of the kamias and orange fruit
3. It would be better if it covers a wider range of antioxidant to better prove it’s moisturize property
GLOSSARY
Alkali - a chemical compound that neutralizes or effervesces with acids and turns litmus blue; typically, a
caustic or corrosive substance of this kind such as lime or soda.

Anti fungal - also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to
treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections
such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.

Aroma - a distinctive, typically pleasant smell.

Averrhoa bilimbi - Averrhoa bilimbi is a fruit-bearing tree of the genus Averrhoa, family Oxalidaceae. It is a
close relative of the carambola tree.

Bilimbi fruit - is a fruit-bearing tree of the genus Averrhoa, family Oxalidaceae. It is a close relative of the
carambola tree

Carcinogenic - having the potential to cause cancer.

Carotene - an orange or red plant pigment found in carrots and many other plant structures. It is a terpenoid
hydrocarbon with several isomers, including beta-carotene.

Collagen - the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form
for cosmetic surgical treatments.

Cytotoxic - toxic to living cells.

Fatty acids - a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any
of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.

Glycerin - another term for glycerol.

Glycol - a sweet toxic syrupy compound C4H10O3 used chiefly as a solvent, humectant, and plasticizer and in
the production of polyester resins

Greasy - covered with or resembling an oily substance.

Hydroxide - a compound of a metal with the hydroxide ion OH− (as in many alkalis) or the group —OH.

Incandescent - emitting light as a result of being heated.

Lard - fat from the abdomen of a pig that is rendered and clarified for use in cooking

Mutagenic - inducing or capable of inducing genetic mutation some chemicals and X-rays are mutagenic
agents.

Oxalidaceae - or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small
trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus Oxalis.

Propylene - a gaseous hydrocarbon of the alkene series, made by cracking alkanes.

Reticulata - shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow -
orange to flame - orange rind that is loose and easily removed ; native to southeastern Asia.
Scaly - covered in scales.

Stakeholders - (in gambling) an independent party with whom each of those who make a wager deposits the
money or counters wagered

Swellings - an abnormal enlargement of a part of the body, typically as a result of an accumulation of fluid.

Tallow - a hard fatty substance made from rendered animal fat, used in making candles and soap.