By – Sapna Yadav

Class 12th Bio

This is to certify that the PHYSICS project
titled ‘ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION’
has been successfully completed by
Sapna yadav of Class XII in partial
fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARYEDUCATION
(CBSE) leading to the award of annual
examination of the year 2019-2020.

Date of Submission
Sign of Internal Examiner
Sign of External Examiner
Sign of the Principal
It gives me great pleasure to express my
gratitude towards our Physics teacher
__________________________for his
guidance, support and encouragement
throughout the duration of the project.
Without her motivation and help the
successful completion of this project would
not have been possible.
Introduction
Aim of the experiment
Materials required
Theory
Procedure
Observation
Experiment photos
Conclusion
Bibliography
 A bit about Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday was an English scientist
who contributed to the fields of
electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
His main discoveries include those of
electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism
and electrolysis.

 Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday's law of induction is a basic law of
electromagnetism predicting how a
magnetic field will interact with an electric
circuit to produce an electromotive force
(EMF)—a phenomenon called
electromagnetic induction.
It is the fundamental operating principle
of transformers, inductors, and many types
of electrical motors and generators.

 Faraday and his Law

Electromagnetic induction was discovered
independently by Michael
Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831;
however, Faraday was the first to publish
the results of his experiments. Faraday
explained electromagnetic induction using
a concept he called lines of force. These
equations for electromagnetics are
extremely important since they provide a
means to precisely describe how many
natural physical phenomena in our
universe arise and behave.
An important aspect of the equation that
quantifies Faraday’s Law comes from the
work of Heinrich Lenz, a Russian physicist
who made his contribution to Faraday’s
Law, now known as Lenz’s Law, in 1834.
<Faraday’s Law describes Electromagnetic
Induction, whereas Lenz’s Law defines it>
<Faraday's first experimental demonstration of
electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831),
he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of
an iron ring or "torus" (an arrangement similar
to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce
current>
To determine electromagnetic Induction,
and the effect on current flowing through
the copper wire for the increase in no of
turns of the copper loop

 Copper wire
 dc Galvanometer
 Bar magnet
<Electromotive force, also
called emf (denoted and measured in volt), is
the voltage developed by any source of
electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo.
It is generally defined as the electrical
potential for a source in a circuit>
<A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of
electric currents and magnetic materials.
Themagnetic field at any given point is
specified by both a direction and a magnitude
(or strength); as such it is a vector field>
<Magnetic flux (most often denoted as Φm),
is the number of magnetic field lines (also
called "magnetic flux density") passing
through a closed surface (such as a
conducting coil). The SI unit ofmagnetic flux is
the weber (Wb) (in derived units:
volt-seconds). Magnetic flux is proportional to
the area of the closed surface>
OR mathematically

Φm =B.A
Where B is magnetic
field
And A is area
 
EMF 
t
 By Faraday:<where it states that the
electromotive force
is equal to the change in magnetic flux with
respect to
change in time>
 By Faraday:<the actual emf is negative of
what the Faraday told,
or rather say that the direction of induced
current opposes the
Change in flux , since for an ideal circuit(loop)
emf is directly proportional
To current>
<where the field in the diagram is the
opposing and induced
field to the actual, applied field(magnetic)
due to induced
current which was produced due to applied
magnetic field>
North

C urrent
Magnet i c Fi el d

South
 A copper wire was divided into three
parts(randomly).
 The first part was coiled into 1 loop, the
second into 10 loops, and the
third into 70 loops by keeping front area
const.
 The first loop was connected to dc
galvanometer and the bar magnet was
moved
into and out and the results were noted.
The same thing was done with 10 loop and
70 loop coil and the results were
noted.

It was observed that the deflection in the

galvanometer was greater for the 70 loop coil
and was least for 1 loop coil.
 Magnetic field passes through every area of
each interface no matter the common
area if same therefore the flux will be ‘n’
times for the loop of copper
 Coil of ‘n-terns’. Like
In the given picture there are 5 turns in
the loop so the area of each interface is 5
times the common area
 wikipedia.com
 ocw.mit.edu