STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY- ADDITION RULE OF PROBABILITY

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Addition Rule for Probability: Mutually Exclusive Events

The probability of a single event that is made up of two different mutually exclusive events is given by

P (A B ) = P(A) + P(B).

1. A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is an ace
or a king?

Solution: The event “ace or king” is made up two different events: ace and king. The two events are mutually
exclusive (with no common elements) and you are finding the probability of their union (suggested by the
preposition “or”). Let A be the event of drawing an ace and B the event of drawing a king. Then, P (A) = 4/52 or
1/13 and similarly, P(B) = 4/52 or 1/13 since there are 4 aces and 4 kings in a standard deck of cards. Thus,

P(ace or king) = 1/13 + 1/13 = 2/13.

2. A pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability that the sum is 5 or 6?

Solution: The event “sum of 5” is the set (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1) . On the other hand, the event “sum of 6”
is the set (1,5), (2,4), (3,3), (4,2),(5,1) . There are 6 x 6 =36 elements in the sample space therefore,

P (5 or 6) = 4/36 + 5/36 =9/36 =1/4.

Addition Rule of Probability: Inclusive Events

If events A and B are given such that A and B have common outcomes, then the probability of the event “A or B” is
determined by

P (A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A B).

1. If a card is selected at random from a standard deck of cards, what is the probability that the card drawn is a red
card or a face card?

Solution:

P(red card) = 26/52 P (Face card)=12/52 P(red face card) =6/52

P(red or face card) = P (red card) + P (face card) – P(red face card)
P (red or face card) = 26/52 +12/52 – 6/52 =32/52 =8/13

Activity #6

What Have I Learned So Far?

Directions: Read and answer the following questions carefully. Please show your Solution. NO SOLUTION MEANS
WRONG! Write your answer at the back of the paper.

1. A basket contains a dozen red roses and two dozen tulips. If two flowers will be selected one after the other
with replacement, find the probability of getting a red rose and a tulip.
2. A card will be drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Determine the probability that the card drawn is a
number card or a face card.
3. Two fair dice are rolled twice. What is the probability of obtaining a sum of 5 on the first roll and a sum of 8 on
the second roll?
4. There are 11 green marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 6 red marbles in a jar. Three marbles will be drawn are a red
marble, green marble, and a blue marble?
5. Ms. Alicaya needs to form a group of 5 members that will represent her class in the upcoming interschool
mathematics quiz bee. If there are 12 males and 9 females who are qualified to compose the team, determine
the probability that the group will consist of at least 3 males.

Whatever you do, DO IT ALL FOR HIM  

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY- ADDITION RULE OF PROBABILITY

Whatever you do, DO IT ALL FOR HIM  