Design Abutment Foundation

Page 1
2.0 Design of
Substructure
2.1 Design
of Abutment
Section of Abutment
40 m Standard DoR Superstructure
0.25 0.4
1.5 10 Nos of Span

215.5 Deck Level

0.3
Concrete Grade
1.0 A6 A7
0.5 3 All Concrete M30

0.61
A5
0.5
3.4 A2
0.9

3.5
0.00 210.5 HFL
A3
3.50

6.50
Y 1.0020 A1
0.01 206.7 AGL

4.005 A4 203.00 LBL

x 0.4
A
204.60 SBL

1.50 0.30
1.50 A8

203.1 CTL
This prelimanry section is defined by considering
T SBL = Stem Bottom Level
hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation
CTL = Cap Top Level

AGL = Average Ground Level

Material Properties
Concrete grade
(fck) 30 N/mm²
Steel grade
(fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear
Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression
Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure
Scbc = 10.00 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression
Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m)
m= 10
Neutral axis factor
k 0.29

j 0.90
The resisting moment coefficient
R 1.33
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level
210.5 m
Average Ground Level
206.7 m
Total depth of longitudinal Girder including Slab
3.00 m
Provided Clear free board
1.5 m
Level of Deck Surface
215.50 m
Thickness of abutment cap
0.9 m
Top level of Footing/cap (SBL)
204.60 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap
1.50 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL)
203.10 m
Thickness of Bearing
0.3 m
Thickness of Bearing concrete Pad
0.2 m
Hence the total height of abutment H=
10.90 m

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge

Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 2
As per IRC : 6-2000, 217.1 for Equivqlent live load
Surcharge

1.2 m
Equivalent Height of Abutment H eq=
12.1 m
Length of Abutment L=
11 m
Span Length
40 m
Approach Slab Diamensions
Thickness of approach slab
0.3 m
Length of Approach Slab
33.50

50 m
Width of Approach Slab
11 m
Ballast Wall
Width of Ballast wall
0.4 m
Length of Ballast wall
11 m
Wing Wall
Thickness of wing wall
0.4 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil 
16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc
24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient 
0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient 
0.075
Zone Factor (z) 0.36
Importance Factor(I) 1

Degree
A l b
Angle t
between th
the wallll andd earth
th 
0
Angle of internal friction of soil 
35
Angle of friction between soil and wall 
16
Analysis and Design of Abutment Stem
Area and C.G Calculation with respect to bottom of stem
point A

2
Symbol Area (m ) CG-X CG-Y Weight (KN)
A1 1.76 0.20 5.45
464.64
A2 1.35 1.15 6.95
356.40
A3 9.750 1.13 3.25
2574.00
A4 0.98 2.00 2.17
257.40
A5 5.95 -1.17 8.77
57.12
A6 3.50 -1.75 10.40
33.60
A7 0.13 -0.13 10.35
33.00
Total 23.41
3776.16
C G ffrom A
C.G 1 0020
1.0020 4 005
4.005
Position of C.G From Superstructure Load Point
0.0080
Forces on the Abutment
Total Dead Load from superstructure
4280.00 KN
Total Critical Live load Excluding impact
1186.00 KN I.F 1.0978
Total Critical Live load including impact
1282.6 KN
Earth Pressure force (Including live load surcharge)
[IRC:6-2000, 217.1]
pressure = 0.5*  * Heq² * tan²(45°
Total Static earth p ( -
/

/2)*L

) = 3491.4575 KN
Which act at a distance from abutment base (0.42*Heq)
5.082 m
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Area of stem at top =
16.5 m²
Depth of submerged part of abutment =
5.90 m
Area of stem at base =
19.8 m²
Area of stem at HFL =
19.495385 m²
Volume of submerged part of abutment =
115.92138 m³
Taking 1/2 of the volume, Net upward force due to buyoncy
= -579.6069 kN

Abutment_openFoundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 3
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings
For Pot Bearing
Vertical dead Load
2140 kN
Total No of Bearing Per Abutment
2

2
Contact area of Pot Bearing (Assuming size 500mmX500mm)
250000 mm
Contact Stress (sp)
8.56 kN/mm2
Pot bearing constant (k)
1.00
Maximum
i Friction
i i C Coefficient
ffi i μmax =
0.065
Maxmimum Frictional Force
138.36 kN
Total Lateral force due to frictional resistance of
bearings, 276.72 kN
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings,
276.72 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle
(Class A)
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the
road level 12.10 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle =
543.29

543 29 kN
Therefore braking force length =
54.329 kN
Seismic Forces on Abutment [IRC :
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also
considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Superstructure:
642.00 kN
Abutment:
566.42 kN
Backfill soil mass:
523.72 kN
This forces will act at 0.5 Heq
6.05 m
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure:
321.00 kN
Abutment:
283.21 kN
Loads and Moment Calculation
The transverce forces and moments are not calculated since
it will not be critical due to high moment of inertia.
Taking Moments on C.G of Abutment
 Load

Horizon

H i Vertical

V i l
Particular Coefficient Vertical force
Horizontal Lever arm, Moment

tal force Lever arm,

IRC:6-2000, (kN)
(m) (kN.m)

(kN) (m)
202.3
combination I Dry case, Non-seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.01 34.17
Live load 1 1282.55
0.01 10.24
Abutment 1 3776.16
0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1
3491.46 5.08 17743.59
Tractive/Braking force 1
54.33 12.10 657.38
Frictional force 1
276.72 7.40 2047.76
Total 9338.71
3822.51 24.58 20493.14
combination VI Dry case, Seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti
Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 4
Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
1.01 4322.80
Live load 0.5 641.28
0.01 5.12
Abutment 1 3776.16
0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1
3491.46 5.08 17743.59
Tractive/Braking force 0.5
27.16 12.10 328.69
Frictional force 0.5
138.36 7.40 1023.88
Additi l seismic
Additional i mi forces
f r
Superstructure 1 321.00
0.008 642.00 7.90 5074.36
Abutment 1 283.21
0.000 566.42 4.01 2268.63
Soil mass 1
523.72 6.05 3168.50
Total 9301.65
5389.13 33935.57
combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.01 34.17
Live load 1 1282.55
0.01 10.24
Abutment 1 3776.16
0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1
3491.46 5.08 17743.59
Tractive/Braking force 1
54.33 12.10 657.38
Frictional force 1
276.72 7.40 2047.76
Buyoncy 1 -579.61
Total 8759.10
3822.51 24.58 20493.14
combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.01 34.17
Live load 0.5 641.28
0.01 5.12
Abutment 1 3776.16
0.00 0.00
Soil mass 1
3491.46 5.08 17743.59
Tractive/Braking force 0.5
27.16 12.10 328.69
Frictional force 0.5
138.36 7.40 1023.88
Buyoncy 1 -579.61
 Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 321.00
0.01 642.00 7.90 5074.36
Abutment 1 283.21
0.00 566.42 4.01 2268.63
Soil mass 1
523.72 6.05 3168.50
Total 8722.04
5389.13 29646.94
Maximum Loads 9338.71
5389.13 33935.57
Increment factor for allowable stresses*
IRC:6-2000, 202.3

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge

Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 5
2.1.1 Design of abutment stem Section
Abutment Stem will be designed as compression member with
uniaxial moment.
Overall Thickness of Stem at base
D= 1800 mm
Length of the abutment
L= 11000 mm
Gross cross sectional area of the stem
Ag = 19800000 mm²
percentage of longitudinal tensile reinforcement
pst 0.25 %
the percentage of longitudinal compressive reifnrocement
psc 0.13 %
Percentage of steel to be provided as per IRC:21-2000,
IRC:21 2000
306.2.2
306
2 2 03

0.3 %
Total percentage of longitudinal reinforcement =
0.38 % OK
Then the initial total area of reinforcement
Asc = 75240 mm²
Net area of concrete
Ac = 19724760 mm²
Let the effective cover (referring to the CG of bars)
cover (d')= 65 mm
Hence the effective depth
d_eff = 1735 mm

4
Moment of inertia
I = 4.788.E+12 mm
Section modulus
Z = 5.519.E+09 mm³
Radius of gyration SQRT(I/Z*L)
k= 501 mm
Height of the abutment (upto abutment cap)
6500 mm
Effective length (height) factor (IRC:21-2000, 306.1.2,
Table 13) = 1.75
Effective height of the abutment
11375 mm
Ratio of Effective length : Radius of gyration =
22.71
Hence it is treated as a Short Column
Th di
The directt comp. stress,
t
Scc_cal = P/(Ac+1.5*m*Asc) N/mm²
The comp. stress in bending
Scbc_cal = M/Z N/mm²
Interaction Condition to be satisfied:
[Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] = <1
Comp. Stress Non-Seismic Case Seismic Case
[Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] Condition
Scc_cal = 0.45 0.45
0.431 Non sesmic <1 Satisfied
Scbc_cal = 3.71 6.15
0.674 Sesmic <1 Satisfied
Reinforcement Calculation

Provided
Reinforcement Area (mm2) Bar
dia (mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c Nos
Tensile reinforcement (AS1+AS2) 49500
25 105 100 AS1 110
Compressive Reinforcement
(AS3+AS4) 25740
20 85 130 AS2 85
Total area of tensile reinforcement Ast=
51542 mm²
Total area of compressive reinforcement Asc=
26704 mm²
Total provided area of longitudinal steel =
80700 mm²

0.408 % OK
Check For Shear
Critical shear force at the base 3822510.67 N
Effective area of the section 19800000 mm²
Shear Stress 0.193 N/mm²
Permissible Shear Stress 0 270 N/mm²
0.270
OK
[IRC:21-2000, Table 12B]

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge Design

5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 6
Check For Cracked or Uncracked Section
For uncracked section (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) < 0.25*(Scc_cal
+ Scbc_cal)
Case (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal)
0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal) Section is
Non seismic condition: 3.27
1.04 Cracked
Seismic condition: 5.70
1.65 Cracked
As The Section is cracked Reinforcement and section should
be checked for cracked condition
Critical Neutral axis x 555.16 mm
The resultant Stress Scb 4 081 N/mm²
4.081
Stress in tension reinforcement:
Ss = m*Scb*(D-d'-x)/x = 86.74 N/mm²
< 240 OK
Stress in compression reinforcement:
Ssc = 1.5m*Scb*(x-d')/x = 54.05 N/mm²
< 205 OK

Abutment_openFoundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 7
Distribution Bar calculation
Let the percentage of distribution bars be
20 % of the total longitudinal reinforcement

Hence, area of distribution bars =

16139.932 mm²
Let's use bars of 16 mm Unit
area = 201.06 mm²
Total number of distribution bars on each face of the stem
= 41 nos
Spacing
@ 160 mm c/c
Provided spacing 160 mm and bar dia is
16 mm (AS3)
No of Bar 56 on each face of stem
Development / Lap length to be provided where necessary =
1150 mm
Summary of reinforcement of abutment stem Section

AS3
AS3
AS1 Ø 16 @ 160 c/c
AS1 Ø 16 @ 160 c/c
Ø 25 @ 100 c/c AS3
Ø 25 @ 100 c/c AS3
Ø 20 @ 130 c/c
Ø 20 @ 130 c/c
Above curtailment
Below curtailment

AS3
AS1
Ø 20 @ 130 c/c
Ø 25 @ 100 c/c
Height of curtailmnet
AS3
No Curtailment
Ø 16 @ 160 c/c
AS3
AS1
Ø 20 @ 130 c/c
Ø 25 @ 100 c/c

2.1.2 Design of Abutment Cap

Calculation of Vertical Load
Superstructure Dead Load
4280 KN
Live Load Including Impact
1282.6 KN
Total Load
5562.6 KN
Total Load per Girder
2781.3 KN
No of Longitidunal Girder
2
 Depth of Abutment Cap D=
900 mm
Check For Punching Stress:
Bearing Size provided L=
500 mm
B=
500 mm
Allowable punching Stress = au p =
ks(0
au_p
ks(0.16

16*sqrt(fck))

sqrt(fck))

Where ks is minimum of 1 and 0.5 + bc

and bc = B/L 1
So, ks =
1
Allowable punching Stress tau_p =
0.876 N/mm²
Total Punching Stress Developed au_developed = V/Po*D
where Po is perimeter of affected Area = 2 (2D+L+B)
Po
5600 mm
So, Punching Stress Developed au_developed =
0.5518 N/mm²

< 0.876 N/mm² Ok

As depth is safe for punching no additional reinforcement
is required. Providing nominal reinforcement.

Reinforcement Bar dia

(mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c provided Level
Reinforcement along length of cap 12
28 175 AC1
Stirrups around the cap 10
62 175 AC2
And Provide 2 layers of 8 mm bar mesh of
length L:
650 mm AC3
Breadth :
650 mm

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge

Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 8

Summary of reinforcement of abutment Cap Section

Ø8mm 2 layers of bar mesh
AC3
Ø 10 @ 175 mmc/c AC2

Ø 12 @ 175 mmc/c AC1

Ø 10 @ 175 mmc/c AC2

Ø 12 @ 175 mmc/c AC1

Ø8mm 2 layers of bar mesh AC3

2.1.3 Design of Back Wall/DirtWall

Total Horizontal force due to earth pressure including
live load surcharge is given by
0.5.s.(height of ballast wall+1.2(eq live
load surcharge))2.tan2(45°-/2)*L= 420.16 KN
which acts at a distance 0.42H from backwall base of
1.764 m
Total Seismic earth pressure Including live load surcharge
is given by
(0.5* g Ka_dyn*H² *L) =
Horizontal component of this force =
63.02 kN
This force acts at 0.5*H, hence lever arm =
2.1 m
Self weight of backwall
316 8 kN

316.8
these act at a distance from backwall toe
of 0.2 m
Moment due to earth pressure about abutment base
741.17 kN.m
Moment due to seismic forces
132.35 kN.m
Moment due self weight
63.36 kN.m
Total Moment about backwall toe
936.88 kNm
Total Base Shear
483.19 kN
Providing 40 mm cover and total thickness
of ballast wall is 400 mm
& dia of main bar & Distribution bar are
25 mm & 12 mm respectively
So, available effective depth =
322.5 mm

Critical neutral axis, xc = Scbc*deff/

((Sst/m)+Scbc) 94.85 mm
Lever arm , Z = deff-xc/3
290.88 mm

Required area of tensile steel (M/Z*Sst) =

13420.09 mm²

So, No of main bar 28 @ spaicng

405 mm c/c >300 mm
Provided Reinforcement
Reinforcement Dia of Bar Spacing
(mm) c/c provided Nos Level
Main Bar (Back Face) 25
210 53 AB1
Distribution Bar (Horizontal bar at
each face) 12
300 11 AB3
Compression Bar (Front Face) 20
260 43 AB2

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge

Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 9
Summary of reinforcement of Back Wall
250
400

100
Ø 20 AB7

Ø 25 @ 210 mmc/c AB1

Ø 12 @ 300 mmc/c AB3

250

Ø 10 AB5

Ø 20 @ 260 mmc/c AB2

250
Ø 10 AB6

Ø 16 AB8

Ø 16 AB4
2.1.3 Design of Pile Foundation
0.25 0.4
1.5

03
0.3
1.0 A6 A7
0.5 3

0.61
A5
0.5
3.4
A2 0.9

3.5
0 210.5 HFL

A3 10.90
3.50

6.50 12.40
Y A1
206.7 AGL
0.12
A4 203 LBL
x
3.43
A
204.6 SBL

1.50 0.3
1 50
1.50 A8

203.1 CBL
2.80
1.80 2.80

7.40

195.962 MSL
20.00

183.10 FL

** FL = Foundation Level

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge

Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 10

210.5
HFL

14.538
206.7
AGL
3.60
2.10
203.10
7.14
195 962
195.962
MSL

6.122603013
20.00
12.86
189.839397
level of fixity

6.74

183.10
Foundation level

0.7

3.00

13.40

7.40

3.00

Length of Pile cap Along Brodge Axis =

7.40 m
Length of Pile Cap Across Bridge Axis =
13.40 m
Depth of Fixity from maximum Scour Level =
6.12 m
 (IS 2911 part I section II, Appendix C, Adopting Max
value)
Diameter
Di t off Pile
Pil =
1m
Depth of Pile =
20.00 m
No of Pile in one row = (Along Bridge Axis)
3
No of Row =
5
Total No of Pile (n) =
15
Embedded length of Pile =
12.86
Thickness of Pile Cap =
1.50 m
IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.5
OK
Factor of Saftey FS = IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.3
2.5
offset of pile cap from the outer face of outermost pile =
0.2 m Ok

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge Design

5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 11
Center to center distance of the piles
Along Bridge Axis (Xi) =
3.00 m
Across Bridge Axis (Yi) =
3.00 m
Width of Pile Group (Outer Surface of The piles) along
Axis (B) = 6.70 m
Width of Pile Group (Outer Surface of The piles) across
Axis (L) = 12.70 m

2
Area Enclosed by pile Groups (Ag) =
85.09 m
Area and C.G Calculation with respect to CG of Pile Cap
Symbol Area (m2) CG-X CG-Y Weight
(KN)
A1 1.76 0.70 6.95
464.64
A2 1.35 -0.25 8.45
356.40
A3 9.75 -0.05 4.75
2574.00
A4 0.98 -0.70 3.67
257.40
A5 5.95 -1.63 10.27
57.12
A6 3.50 2.65 11.90
33.60
A7 0.13 1.03 11.85
33.00
A8 11.10 0.00 0.75
2930.40
Total 34.51
6706.56
C.G from CL of cap -0.0064 3.427 m
Position of superstructure load point CG of pile cap=
-0.01 m
Position of C.G From Superstructure Load Point
0.12 m
Height of Abutment (H)
10.90 m
Height of Abutment Including Cap (H')
12.40 m
Length of Abutment (L)
11.00 m
Over all Length of Cap (L')
7.40 m
Horizontal Nonseismic Forces
kN Vertical lever arm m
Forces due to breaking force
54.329 4.20
Horizontal forces due to reisitence of bearing
276.72 8.90
Earth pressure (0.5* g * H² * tan²(45° - f/2)*L) at 0.42H
3491.46 5.71
Vertical Nonseismic Forces
kN Horizontal lever arm m
 Live Load
1282.55 0.12
Dead Load from superstructure
4280.00 0.12
Dead load of Abutment and Footing
6706.56 0.12
Vertical Load of Soil Mass
2685.76 2.29
Vertical Load of Approach Slab
277.2 1.94
Horizontal seismic forces:
kN Vertical lever arm m
Superstructure
642.00 9.40
Abutment and footing
1005.98 3.43
Soil mass
402.86 6.20
Approach Slab
41.58 12.25
Vertical seismic forces:
kN Horizontal lever arm m
Superstructure
321.00 0.12
Abutment and footing
502.99 0.12
Soil mass
201.43 2.29
Approach Slab
20.79 1.94
Buyoncy (IRC:6-2000,
(IRC:6 2000, 216.4 (a)
Upward pressure due to buyoncy =
-1981 kN at -0.01 m

Abutment_openFoundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 12
Volume of Submerged part of Stem
115.92
Volume of cap
82.14
Loads and Moment Calculation
Load
Moment

Horizon Vertical Moment

Particular Coefficient Vertical force
Horizontal Lever arm, Along Axix

tal force Lever arm, Along Axis

IRC:6-2000, (kN)
(m) (kN.m)

(kN) (m) (kN.m) (+ve)

202.3
(-ve)
combination I Dry case, Non-seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.12 498.35
Live load 1 1282.55
0.12 149.34
Abutment 1 6706.56
0.12 780.88
Soil mass/earth pressure 1 2685.76
2.29 3491.46 5.71 13783.24
Approach Slab 1 277.2
1.94 538.76
Tractive/Braking force 1
276.72 8.90 2462.84
Frictional force 1
54.33 4.20 228.18
Total 15232.07
3822.51 18.81 15750.56 2691.03
combination VI Dry case, Seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.12 498.35
Live load 1 1282.55
0.12 149.34
Abutment 1 6706.56
0.12 780.88
Soil mass/earth pressure 1 2685.76
2.29 3491.46 5.71 13783.24
Approach Slab 1 277.20
1.94
Tractive/Braking force 1
276.72 8.90 2462.84
Frictional force 1
54.33 4.20 228.18
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 321.00
0.116 642.00 9.40 37.38 6034.80
 Abutment 1 502.99
0.116 1005.98 3.43 58.57 3447.94
Soil mass 1 201.43
2.294 402.86 6.20 462.00 2497.76
Approach Slab 1 20.79
1.944 41.58 12.25 40.41 509.36
Total 16257.50
5914.94 15810.15 15180.88
combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.12 498.35
Live load 1 1282.55
0.12 149.34
Abutment 1 6706.56
0.12 780.88
Soil mass 1 2685.76
2.29 3491.46 5.71 13783.24
Approach Slab 1 277.2
1.94 538.76
Tractive/Braking force 1
276.72 8.90 2462.84
Frictional force 1
54.33 4.20 228.18
Buyoncy 1 -1980.61
-0.01 -12.7
Total 13251.46
3822.51 15737.82 2691.03
combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic
Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load 1 4280.00
0.12 498.35
Live load 1 1282.55
0.12 149.34
Abutment 1 6706.56
0.12 780.88
Soil mass 1 2685.76
2.29 3491.46 5.71 13783.24
Approach Slab 1 277.20
1.94 538.76
Tractive/Braking force 1
276.72 8.90 2462.84
Frictional force 1
54.33 4.20 228.18
Buyoncy 1 -1980.61
-0.01 -12.7

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti
Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 13
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 321.00
0.12 642.00 9.40 37.38 6034.80
Abutment 1 502.99
0.12 1005.98 3.43 58.57 3447.94
Soil mass 1 201.43
2.29 402.86 6.20 462.00 2497.76
Approach Slab 1 20.79
1.94 41.58 12.25 40.41 509.36
Total 14297.67
5914.94 16336.16 15180.88
Increment factor for allowable stresses*
IRC:6-2000, 202.3
Summary of Loads
Particular/Load cases
Moment
Vertical Horizontal

Moment Along Axis (kN.m) Across Axix

force (kN) force (kN)

(kN.m)

Non Seismic case

Dry (comb. I) 15232.07 3822.51
15750.56 2691.03
Flooded (comb. I-a) 13251.46 3822.51
15737.82 2691.03
Seismic case
Dry (comb. VI) 16257.50 5914.94
15810.15 15180.88
Flooded (comb VI-a) 14297.67 5914.94
16336.16 15180.88
Max Loads: 16257.50 5914.94
16336.16 15180.88
Maximum load on individual piles
Maximum and Minimum Load is given by
V max = [V/n] +
(Mxx*Xmax)/ Xi² + (Myy*Ymax)/ Yi²
V min = [V/n] -
(Mxx*Xmax)/ Xi² - (Myy*Ymax)/ Yi²
Moment of Inertia of Piles
Xi²=
90.00 m²
Yi²=
1134.00 m²
Maximum Load will be on outermost pile
So, X max =
3.00
Y max =
6.00
Particular/Load cases Vertical
Recommended Pile Capacity
Vmax
Vmin Hmax from soil Investigation
force
f (kN)
Remark
Non Seismic case
Dry (comb. I) 15232.07 1554.73
476.21 254.83 1650 OK
Flooded (comb. I-a) 13251.46 1422.26
344.60 254.83 1650 OK
Seismic case
Dry (comb. VI) 16257.50 1691.16
476.51 394.33 2475 OK
Flooded (comb VI-a) 14297.67 1578.04
336.35 394.33 2475 OK
g of Pile
Design
Concrete grade
(fck) 30 N/mm²
Steel grade
(fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear
Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression
Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure
Scbc = 10.00 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression
Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m)
m= 10
Neutral axis factor k
0.29
j
0.90
The resisting moment coefficient R
1.33
Cover
80 mm
Horizontal Force Per Pile
Non Seismic 254.8 kN

Seismic 394.3 kN

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti
Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation Page
14

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti Bridge Design

5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 15

Elasticity of Concrete, 2.74E+04

MN/m2

4
Moment of Inertia, 4.91E-02 m
Soil Type Cohensionless Soil
Calculation for Cohesionless Soil
Calculation for Cohesive Soil
Calculate
Not Applicable

3
ηh 5 MN/m3
k1 ((IS :2911/Part1/Sec2-2010/Table 4)) 20000 kN/m
(T bl 3 IS 2911)
(Table
K orr ηh

h 4000
Stiffness Factor T 3.06 m
Relative Stiffness Factor, R 0.8 m
Embedded length of Pile (Le) 12.86 m
Embedded length of pile, Le 12.86 m
L1 7.14 m
L1 7.14 m
L1/T 2.3
L1/R 8.88
Lf/T 2
Lf/R 1.950
Lf 6.12
Lf 1.6 m

Non Seismic Case

Seismic Case
Fixed End Moment, MF 1689.63
2614.52 KNm
Reduction Factor, m 0.85
0.85 (IS :2911/Part1/Sec2-2010/Fig. 3, Fixed Head /Amend
Actual maximum moment, M 1436.18
2222.34 KNm
Maximum Axial Force (kN) 1554.73
1691.16
Design For Non Seismic Case
Sectional area of pile = (Ag)
785398.2 mm²
Let Provide main reinforcement 1.5 % of
Sectional area
Total Area of reinforcement
11780.972 mm²
Let Provide 25 mm dia bars. Provided Number of
Bar 24 (AP5)
Provide in one row
Spacing between the bars =
130 mm
 Cover provided
75 mm
Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement
10 mm
the diameter up to the line of reinforcement Dc
850 mm
So Area of Steel Provided (As)
11780.972 mm²
So Area of Concrete (Ac)
785398.2 mm²
Check for Section capacity of Stem
Equivalent area of Section Ae = Ac+(1.5m-
1)*As= 950331.8 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) +
(m-1)*As*Dc² / 8

6.23E+10 mm

Ze = 2*Ie/D = 124681958 mm

Scc = P/Ae = 1.636 N/mm²

Scb = M/Ze = 11.519 N/mm²

(Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) =
1.3700 !!!

!!!
Seismic Case: (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) =
1.3460 !!!
Summary of reinforcement of Pile Section
Provide 24 nos of 25 mm dia bars
APL1
Lateral Ties
Minimum volume of lateral reinforcement per meter length
of pile 0.3 %

2356194.49 mm

3
Volume of tie of 10 mm tie
207261.7 mm
Number of Ties per meter of pile =
12
& Spacing =
84.00 mm c/c APL2

Abutment_openFoundation Rapti
Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 16
Summary of reinforcement of Pile Section

Ø 25 @ 24 Nos APL1

Ø 10 @ 84 mmc/c APL2

Design of Pile Cap

(Assumed Maximum Loaded Pile at outermost edge)

3.00

2.1

3.00

Bending Moment at the face stem =

1325.2 kN-m
(per meter width of pile cap)
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/m*Scbc+Sst] =
0.29
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] =
0.90
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] =
1.33
Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] =
999.53 mm
Provided Over all Depth
1500 mm
Cover provided (Top and Cover)
75 mm
S effective
So, ff ti actual
t l depth
d pth deff
1425 mm Ok

2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] =
4295.9 mm
Provided Reinforcement

Nos
Reinforcement Dia of Bar
Spacing (mm) c/c provided Per meter Total Level
Tensile Reinforcement (Bottom) 25
120 9 112.00 APC1+2
 Bothway
62.00
Ast Provided (Bottom)
4417 9 mm

4417.9 mm² > Ast required OK

Top Bar (distribution bar) Min 0.12
% of gross area
Top Reinforcement Bothway
25 mm
120 mm c/c APC3+4
Ast Provided (Top)
4090.6 mm² 112 62

0.29 % OK

Abutment_openFoundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design Abutment Foundation
Page 17
Check For Shear Seismic Case
Non Seismic Case
Shear Force = 441.41 kN
285.26 kN
Shear Stress Developed = 0.3098 N/mm2
0.2002 N/mm2
Reinforcement % = 0.31
0.31
Permissible shear Stress = 0.3588 N/mm2
OK 0.2392 N/mm2 OK
Check For Punching Stress
Depth of Section =
1500.00 mm
All
Allowable
bl punching
hi pressure, tau_p = kks(0.16*sqrt(fck))
(0 16* (f k))
Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc =
1.0
bc = B/L = 1

2
So, allowable
punching Stress tau_p = 0.876 N/mm

2
Punching stress
developed = 0.17 N/mm OK
Provide Nominal Chair bar 10 dia @
700 mm spacing APC6

Summary of reinforcement of Pile Cap and Pile Section

Ø 10 @ 700c/c APC6
Ø 25 @ 120c/c APC3&APC4

3 Nos 10 mm bar
Periphery APC5

Ø 25 @ 120c/c
( )
(APC1&APC2)
 Ø 25 @ 24 Nos APL1

Ø 10 @ 84 mmc/c APL2

Abutment_openFoundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
1
2.0 Design of Substructure
2.1 Design of Pier
Section of Pier

A B
0.75 1.48

TPL 212

1
2.500 2.500
2.00

4.45

BPL 210.00
7.50

HFL 210.5
2.45 10.50
2.60
12.10
LBL 203

SBL 201.50

1.60
1.60

FBL 199.9
13.40
7.40

This prelimanry section is defined by considering

SBL = Stem Bottom Level
hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation
FBL = Footing Bottom Level

Material Properties
Concrete grade
(fck) 30 N/mm²
Steel grade
(fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear
Sst = 240 N/mm²
 Allowable stress of steel in direct compression
Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure
Scbc = 10.00 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression
Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m)
m= 10
Neutral axis factor k
0.32
j
0.89
The resisting moment coefficient R
0.95
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level
210.5 m
Lowest Bed Level of pier
203.00 m
Level of Deck Surface
215.5 m
Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness)
2.00 m
Total depth of longitudinal Girder including Slab
3.00 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL)
212.00

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
2
Top level of Footing (SBL)
201.50 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap
1.60 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL)
199.90 m
Thickness of Bearing Including Pad
0.5 m
Hence the total height of Pier H=
12.10 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil 
16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc
24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient 
0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient 
0.075

Degree
Angle between the wall and earth 
0
Angle of internal friction of soil 
32
Angle of friction between soil and wall 
16
Design of Pier
Cap
Forces on the Pier at Point
A B C
Distance from center
-2.50 0.00 2.50
Total Dead Load from superstructure (kN)
2140.00 0.00 2140.00
Total Critical Live load excluding impact (kN)
641.28 0.00 641.00
Moment at the edge of the stem shaft
Due to dead load of the cap itself =
427.38 Kn m

Kn-m
Due to dead load from superstructure =
5136 Kn-m
Due to live load excluding impact =
1539.0621 Kn-m
Due to Impact load =
769.53105 Kn-m
Hence Total Moment
7871.97 Kn-m
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] =
0.29
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] =
0.90
Moment of Resistance Factor R [[Scbc*Z*Xc]] =
2.65
Assuming b=1 m
 Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] =
1008.28 mm
Provided Over all Depth
2000 mm
Cover provided (Top and Cover)
80 mm
Diameter of bar
32 mm
So, effective actual depth deff
1824 mm Ok
Distance of the bearing center from the face of stem =
1200 mm
Cap To be designed as Corbel
Determination of Crobel Geometry
Concrete grade 30 N/mm²
Cover 40 mm
h= 2.00 m
d= 1.944 m
av= 1 824 m
1.824
Width of Crobel (b) 4.45 m
Total Vertical Load (V) 5562.28 KN

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
3
Calculation of Force as Strut and Tie Model

Calculation of x and z
x= 0.1 d
0.19 m
z= d-0.45x
1.86 m
Cotb = av/z =
0.982
Sinb =
0.713
Cosb =
0.701
Fc = V/Sinb =
6000.06 KN
x=
160 mm ok

Now
Ft =
6577.30 KN
Area off Steel
A S lA As= 15120
23 mm22

15120.23
Area of Steel Considering Cantilever

2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] =
19937 mm
Provide 32 mm bars at spacing
180.00 mm c/c, so nos of bars are 25
Provided area of tensile reinforcement =
20106 mm2 OK AP1
Reinforcement at the bottom (compression side)
AP6
Provide 25 mm bars at spacing
200.00 mm c/c, so nos of bars are 23

2
Provided area of tensile reinforcement =
11290 mm AP2
Check for Shear
Shear force at the critical section
Due to dead load of the cap itself =
392.49 kN
Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
4
Due to dead load from superstructure =
4280 kN
Due to live load excluding impact =
1282.55175 kN
Due to Impact load =
641.275875 kN
Total Shear force
V= 6596.31763 kN
Shear Stress developed, tau = V/(B*D)
0.74115928 N/mm²
Allowable shear stress for the section (IRC:21-2000, Table 12A)
= 2.2 Section ok for shear
Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression), pt =
0.387 %
Allowable shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) =
tc = 0.264 < 0.741

Shear reinforcement is required

Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section =
tc * B * d_eff =

2141033 N
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement
Vus = 4455284 N
Providing 8 legs of 16 mm Ø bars
The shear steel area
Asv = 1608.50 mm²
Spacing of bars Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus =
125 mm c/c
Check for shear at bearings
Check shear at a distance 1.20 m from the
face of the stem
Total Depth of beam at the bearing =
1510 mm
Effective Depth of beam at the bearing=
1414 mm
Shear forces:
Due to dead load of the cap itself =
160.85 kN
Due to dead load from superstructure =
4280.00 kN
Due to live load excluding impact =
1282.55 kN
Due to Impact load =
641.28 kN
Total
V= 6364.68 kN
Shear Stress developed, tau = V/(B*D)
0.95 N/mm²
Allowable shear stress for the section (IRC:21-2000, Table 12A)
= 2.20 Section ok for shear
Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression), pt =
0.499 %
Allowable shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) =
0.320 N/mm²
Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section =
tc * B * d_eff =
2012711 N
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement
Vus = 4351971 N
Providing 8 legs of 16 mm Ø bars
The shear steel area
Asv = 1608.50 mm²
Spacing of bars Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus =
125 mm c/c AP3
Ski reinforcement
Skin i f 0 1% off gross sectional
@ 0.1% i l area off the
h beam
b
8117 mm²²
For each side =
4058 mm² each side
Providing 16 mm bars 5 layers mm c/c,
hence, 6 nos each side
Provided area at each side = 10 leged
12064 mm² each side

OK AP4
Check for punching shear
12 mm AP5
Average depth of section at bearing, i.e. at
1.2 m from the stem face= 1489.8 mm
All
Allowable
bl punching
hi pressure, tau_p = kks(0.16*sqrt(fck))
(0 16* (f k))
Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc =
1
bc = B/L = 1
hence,
tau_p = 2.27
Total punching stress developed = tau_punch = V/Lo*D
Where Lo = perimeter around the critical plane = 2*(2D+L+B) =
6369.18 mm
Hence, tau_punch =
0.0002 N/mm²
Which is
< 2 2712 OK

2.2712

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
5

Ø 32 @ 180 mm c/c AP6 Summary of

reinforcement of Pier Cap
Ø 16 @ 5 layers AP4
Ø 32 @ 180 mm c/c AP1
Ø 32 @ 180 mm c/c AP1
Ø 16 @ 125 mm c/c AP3

Ø 16 @ 5
layers AP4
Ø 25 @ 200 mm c/c AP2 Ø 12 @ 5
layers AP5

Ø 25 @
200 mm c/c AP2

Design of
Pier Stem

Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains)

L= 10500 mm
Diameter of column D
2600 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1)
Le = 12600 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Forces on the Pier at Impact
Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Point from factor
(absolute) (incl. impact) wrt center,
superstructure A
B C (excl. impact) m
Distance from center -2.5
0 2.5
Dead Load (kN) 1 2140.00
0.00 2140.00 4280.00 4280.00 0.000
Live load (kN) 1.098 641.28
0.00 641.00 1282.28 1407.72 -0.001
Analysis
y and Design g of pier
p Stem
Dead Load
Dead Load From Superstructure
8560.0 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap
702.00 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem
1083.10 kN
Total Dead Load
10345 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
 Brakingg force = 20% of the weight
g of the designg vehicle (Class

( A))
Height of deck surface from the pier cap=
3.3 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road
level 15.00 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle =
700 kN
Therefore braking force length =
140 kN
Moment Due to Breaking Force
2100 kN-m
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Area of stem at top =
5.309 m²
Depth of submerged part of Pier =
9.00 m
Volume of submerged part of pier =
47.78 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy =
-477.84 kN
Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact =
2564.55 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center)
-0.001 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity
-1.379375 kN-m

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
6
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature
effect)
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings,
138.36 kN
And this force acts along the bridge at
10.50 m from base of stem
Moment due to temperature effect
1452.80 kN-m
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current
9.00 m
perimeter Area exposed
36.76 m
Maximum mean velocity m/sec
2.2
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V =
3.11
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K =
0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) =
3.1944
Hence force due to water current =
78.28 kN
Moment due to water current
704.49 kN-m
Seismic Forces on
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also
considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m)
Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 1284.00
10.50 13482.00
Pier cap 105.30
9.50 1000.35
Pier stem 162.46
4.25 690.47
Total 1551.76
15172.82
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 642.00
Pier cap 52.65
Pier stem 81.23
Total 775.88

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
7
Loads and Moment Calculation
Vertical Horizontal
load along Horizontal Moment along Moment
load, P
traffic(Y-Y) load across traffic (Y-Y) across traffic

traffic (X- (X-X)

X)
Combination
combination I Dry case, Non-seismic Increment factor
for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 10345.10
10345 10
Live load 1 2564.55
-1.38
Tractive/Braking force 1 140.00
140.00 2100.00
Frictional force 1
138.36 1452.80
Total 13049.65
278.36 0.00 3552.80 -1.38
combination VI Dry case, Seismic Increment factor
for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 10345 10
10345.10
Live load 1 2564.55
-1.38
Tractive/Braking force 1 140.00
140.00 2100.00
Frictional force 1
138.36 1452.80
Seismic forces 1 775.88
1551.76 1551.76 15172.82 15172.82
Total 13825.53
1830.13 1551.76 18725.63 15171.44
combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment
factor for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 10345.10
Live load 1 2564.55
-1.38
Tractive/Braking force 1 140.00
140.00 2100.00
Frictional force 1
138.36 1452.80
Buyoncy 1 -477.84
Water Current 1
78.28 704.49
Total 12571.81
278.36 78.28 3552.80 703.11
combination VI-a Flooded case,, Seismic Increment factor
for allowable stresses* 1.5
Total Dead load 1 10345.10
Live load 1 2564.55
-1.38
Tractive/Braking force 1 140.00
140.00
Frictional force 1
138.36
Buyoncy 1 -477.84
1452.80
Water Current 1
78.28 704.49
Seismic forces 1 775.88
1551.76 1551.76 15172.82 15172.82
Total 13347.69
1830.13 1630.04 16625.63 15875.94
Maximum Loads 13825.53
1830.13 1630.04 18725.63 15875.94

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Cap and Stem
8
Non Seismic
Case Seismic Case
Resultant Critical forces: Vertical Load, P =
13049.65 kN 13825.53 kN
Horizontal Load, H =
289.16 kN 2450.80 kN
Moment, M =
3621.71 kN.m 24100.24 kN.m
Increment factor for allowable stresses* IRC:6-2000,
202.3
Sectional area of stem = (Ag)
5309291.6 mm²
Let Provide main reinforcement 1.5 % of
Sectional area
Total Area of reinforcement
79639.3738 mm²
Let Provide 32 mm dia bars. Provided Number of Bar
100 (AP7)
Provide in one row
Spacing between the bars =
77 mm
Cover provided
40 mm
Grade of Concrete and Steel same as in Pier Cap
Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement
12 mm
the diameter up to the line of reinforcement Dc
2480 mm
So Area of Steel Provided (As)
80424.7719 mm²
So Area of Concrete (Ac)
5228866.8 mm²
Check for Section capacity of Stem
Equivalent area of Section Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As=
6354813.6 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-
1)*As*Dc² / 8

2.7997E+12 mm

3
Ze = 2*Ie/D
= 2153577520 mm
Scc = P/Ae =
2.054 N/mm²
Scb = M/Ze =
1.682 N/mm²
(Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) =
0.4420 <1

Satisfied
Check For Seismic Case
Scc = P/Ae =
2.176 N/mm²
Scb = M/Ze =
11.191 N/mm²

0.9394 <1

Satisfied
Check the section for shear
Resultant critical horizontal force:
2450795 N
Shear stress developed, tau =
0.462 N/mm²
Percentage of longitudinal steel (as provided)=
1.515 %
Allowable shear stress tc =
0.482 N/mm² Satisfied
Hence, No shear reinforcement required. Provide nominal.
Provide 12 mm circular rings @
125 mm c/c Diameter of ring (mm) 2520

(AP8)
Provide 12 mm Support bar @
500 mm c/c (AP9)

Ø 12 @ 500 mm c/c (AP9)

Ø 32 @ 77 mm c/c (AP7)

Ø 32 @ 77 mm c/c (AP7)

Ø 12 @ 125 mm c/c (AP8)

Ø 12 @ 125 mm c/c (AP8) 6

no Ø 12 @ 125 mm c/c (AP8)

Ø 12 @ 125 mm c/c (AP8)

Ø 12 @ 125 mm c/c (AP6A)

Pier_CAP+STEM
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
1
2.0 Design of Substructure
2.1 Design of Pier
Section of Pier

A B
1.48

TPL 212

1
2.500 2.500
2.00

4.45

BPL 210.00
7.50

HFL 210 5

210.5
2.45 10.50
2.60
12.10
LBL 203

SBL 201 50

201.50

1.60
1.60

FBL 199.9
13.40
7.40

22
MSL 193.700

FL

177.9
 This prelimanry section is defined by considering
SBL = Stem Bottom Level
hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation
FBL = Footing Bottom Level

MSL = Maximum Scour Level

Material Properties
Concrete grade
(fck) 30 N/mm²
Steel grade
(fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear
Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression
Ssc = 205 N/mm²

N/mm
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure
Scbc = 10.0 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression
Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m)
m= 10
Neutral axis factor k
0.29
j
0.90
The resisting moment coefficient R
1.33

Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
2
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level
210.5 m
Maximum Scour level for Pier
203 m
Level of Deck Surface
215.5 m
Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness)
2 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL)
212
Top level of Footing (SBL)
201.5 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap
1.6 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL)
199.9 m
Thickness of Bearing
0.5 m
Hence the total height of Pier H=
12.10 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil 
16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete  conc
conc
kN/m³

24 kN/m
Horizontal seismic coefficient 
0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient 
0.075

Degree

Angle between the wall and earth 

0
Angle of internal friction of soil 
32
Angle of friction between soil and wall 
16
Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains)
L= 10500 mm
Diameter of column D
2600 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1)
Le = 12600 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Forces on the Pier at Impact
Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Point from factor
(absolute) (incl. impact) wrt center,
superstructure A
B C (excl. impact) m
Distance from center -2.50
0.00 2.50
Dead Load (kN) 1 2140.00
0.00 2140.00 4280.00 4280.00 0.000
Live load (kN) 1.098 641.28
0.00 641.00 1282.28 1407.72 -0.001
Forces at bottom of Footing
Dead Load
Dead Load From Superstructure
8560 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap
702.00 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem
1083.10 kN
D d lload
Dead d off ffooting
ti
3807.74 kN
Total Dead Load
14153 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap=
3.3 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level
16.60 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle =
700 kN
Therefore braking force length =
140 kN
Moment Due to Breaking Force
2324 kN-m
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Volume of submerged part of pier =
127.11 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy =
-1271.12 kN

Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
3
Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact =
2564.55 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center)
-0.001 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity
-1.379375 kN-m
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature
effect)
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings,
138.36 kN
And this force acts along the bridge at
12.10 m from base
Moment due to temperature effect
1674.18 kN-m
(From S. Sir)
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current
10.60 m
perimeter Area exposed
43.29 m
Maximum mean velocity m/sec
2.2
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V =
3.11
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6 2000 213
(IRC:6-2000, 2) K =
213.2),
0 66

0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) =
3.1944
Hence force due to water current =
92.19 kN
Moment due to water current
977.24 kN-m
Seismic Forces on
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also
considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Forces ((kN)) Lever Arm
((m)) Moment ((kN-m))
Superstructure: 1027.20
12.10 12429.12
Pier cap 105.30
11.10 1168.83
Pier stem 162.46
5.85 950.42
Footing 571.16
0.80 456.93
Total 1866.13
15005.30
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 642.00
Pier cap 52.65
Pier stem 81.23
 Footing 285.58
Total 1061.46

Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
4
210.5
HFL

16.8
203
LBL
199.90 3.10
1.50
6.20
193.7
MSL

4.9
22
15.80
188.8
level of fixity

10.90

177 90
177.90
Foundation level

0.7

3.00

13.40

7.40
3.00
0.7

Length of Pile cap Along Brodge Axis =

7.40 m
Length of Pile Cap Across Bridge Axis =
13.40 m
Depth of Fixity from maximum Scour Level =
4.9 m
 (IS 2911 part I section II, Appendix C, Adopting Max value)
Di
Diameter off Pil
Pile =
1m
Depth of Pile =
22.00 m
No of Pile in one row = (Along Bridge Axis)
3
No of Row =
5
Total No of Pile (n) =
15
Embedded length of Pile =
15.80
Thickness of Pile Cap =
1.60 m
IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.5
709 5
OK
Factor of Saftey FS = IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.3
2.5
offset of pile cap from the outer face of outermost pile =
0.20 m Ok
Center to center distance of the piles
Along Bridge Axis (Xi) =
3.00 m
Across Bridge Axis (Yi) =
3.00 m

Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
5
Width of Pile Group (Outer Surface of The piles) along Axis (B) =
6.70 m
Width of Pile Group (Outer Surface of The piles) across Axis (L) =
6.70 m

2
Area Enclosed by pile Groups (Ag) =
44.89 m
Loads and Moment Calculation
Vertical load, Horizontal
load along Horizont Moment along Moment
P
traffic(Y-Y) al load traffic (Y-Y) across traffic

across (X-X)

traffic (X-

X)
Combination Factor
combination I Dry case, Non-seismic Increment factor for
allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 14152.84
Live load 1 2564.55
-1.38
Tractive/Braking force 1 140.00
140.00 2324.00
Frictional force 1
138.36 1674.18
Total 16857.39
278.36 0.00 3998.18 -1.38
combination VI Dry case, Seismic Increment factor
for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 14152.84
Live load 0.5 1282.28
-0.69
Tractive/Braking force 0.5 70.00
70.00 1162.00
Frictional force 0.5
69.18 837.09
Seismic forces 1 1061.46
1866.13 1866.13 15005.30 15005.30
T l
Total 16566 58
16566.58 2005
31 1866.13

2005.31 1866 13 17004 39

17004.39 15004 61

15004.61
combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment factor
for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 14152.84
Live load 1 2564.55
-1.38
Tractive/Braking force 1 140.00
140.00 2324.00
Frictional force 1
138.36 1674.18
Buyoncy 1 -1271.12
Water Current 1
92.19

92 19 977.24

977 24
Total 15586.27
278.36 92.19 3998.18 975.86
combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic Increment factor
for allowable stresses* 1.5
Total Dead load 1 14152.84
Live load 0.5 1282.28
-0.69
Tractive/Braking force 0.5 70.00
70.00
Frictional force 0.5
69.18
Buyoncy 1 -1271.12
1674.18
Water Current 1
92.19 977.24
Seismic forces 1 1061.46
1866.13 1866.13 15005.30 15005.30
Total 15295.46
2005.31 1958.32 16679.48 15981.85
Summary of Loads
Particular/Load cases
Moment
Vertical Horizontal
Moment
Along Axis (kN.m) Across Axix
force (kN) force (kN)

(kN.m)
Non Seismic case
Dry (comb. I) 16857.39 278.36
3998.18 -1.38
Flooded (comb. I-a) 15586.27 293.23
3998.18 975.86
Seismic case
Dry (comb. VI) 16566.58 2739.28
17004.39 15004.61
Flooded (comb VI-a) 15295.46 2802.90
16679.48 15981.85
Max Loads: 16857.39 2802.90
17004.39 15981.85

Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
6
Maximum load on individual piles
Maximum and Minimum Load is given by
V max = [V/n] +
(Mxx*Xmax)/ Xi² + (Myy*Ymax)/ Yi²
V min = [V/n] -
(Mxx*Xmax)/ Xi² - (Myy*Ymax)/ Yi²
Moment of Inertia of Piles
Xi²=
90.00 m²
Yi²=
270.00 m²
Maximum Load will be on outermost pile
So, X max =
3.00
Y max =
6.00
Particular/Load cases Vertical
Recommended Pile Capacity
Vmax
Vmin H max
force (kN)
from soil Investigation

Remark
Non Seismic case
Dry (comb. I) 16857.39 1257.07
990.58 18.56 1650 OK
Flooded (comb. I-a) 15586.27 1194.04
884.13 19.55 1650 OK
Seismic case
Dry (comb. VI) 16566.58 2004.69
204.19 182.62 2475 OK
Flooded (comb VI-a) 15295.46 1930.83
108.56 186.86 2475 OK
Design of Pile
Concrete grade
(fck) 30 N/mm²
Steel grade
(fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear
Sst = 240 N/mm²

N/mm
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression
Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure
Scbc = 10.00 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression
Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m)
m= 10
Neutral axis factor k
0.29
j
0.90
g moment coefficient
The resisting R
1.33
Cover
80 mm
Horizontal Force Per Pile Non Seismic
19.5 kN
Seismic
186.9 kN

Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation 7

Pier_Foundation Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls

Design of Pier Foundation
8

2
Elasticity of Concrete, 2.74E+04 MN/m
Moment of Inertia, 4.91E-02 m4
Soil Type Cohensionless Soil
Calculation for Cohesionless Soil
Calculation for Cohesive Soil
Calculate Not
Applicable

3
ηh 5 MN/m3 k1
((IS :2911/Part1/Sec2-2010/Table 4)) 20000 kN/m
(Table 3 IS 2911) K or
ηh 4
Stiffness Factor T 3.06 m
Relative Stiffness Factor, R 4.3 m
Embedded length of Pile (Le) 15.80 m
Embedded length of pile, Le 15.80 m
L1 3.10 m L1
3.10 m
L1/T 1.0 L1/R
0.72
Lf/T 2 Lf/R
1.950
Lf 6.12 Lf
8.3 m
Non Seismic Case
Seismic Case
Moment MF
Fixed End Moment, 90 15
90.15
861 67 KNm

861.67
Reduction Factor, m 0.85
0.85 (IS :2911/Part1/Sec2-2010/Fig. 3, Fixed Head /Amendent)
Actual maximum moment, M 76.62
732.42 KNm
Maximum Axial Force (kN) 1257.07
2004.69
Design For Non Seismic Case
Sectional area of pile = (Ag)
785398.2 mm²
Let Provide main reinforcement 1.8 % of Sectional
area
Total Area of reinforcement
14137.1669 mm²
Let Provide 20 mm dia bars. Provided Number of Bar
46 (AP5)
Provide in one row
Spacing between the bars =
68 mm
Cover provided
80 mm
Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement
10 mm
 the diameter up to the line of reinforcement Dc
840 mm
So Area of Steel Provided (As)
14451.3262 mm²
So Area of Concrete (Ac)
770946.8 mm²
Check for Section capacity of Stem
Equivalent area of Section Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As=
973265.4 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-
1)*As*Dc² / 8

6.535E+10 mm

3
Ze =
2*Ie/D = 130690254 mm
Scc
= P/Ae = 1.292 N/mm²
S b
= M/Z
Scb
M/Ze = 0 586 N/mm²

0.586 N/ ²
(Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) =
0.2308 <1

Satisfied
Seismic Case: (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) =
0.56 Satisfied
Summary of reinforcement of Pile Section
Provide 46 nos of 20 mm dia bars
PLP1

2
Ast provided = 14452.00
mm ok
Lateral Ties
Minimum volume of lateral reinforcement per meter length of pile
0.3 %

2356194.49 mm

3
Volume of tie of 10 mm tie
207261.7 mm
Number of Ties per meter of pile =
12
& Spacing =
84.00 mm c/c PLP2
Pier_Foundation Rapti Bridge Design
5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
9
Summary of reinforcement of Pile Section

Ø
20 @ 46 Nos PLP1

Ø 10 @ 84 mmc/c PLP2

Design of Pile Cap

From Face

1.3

1.70

3.00

Bending Moment at the face of Column =

1271.63 kN-m
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/m*Scbc+Sst] =
0.29
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] =
0.90
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] =
1.33
Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min
ff i [sqrt(M/R
[sqrt(M/R*b]
b] = 979
131 mm

979.131
Provided Over all Depth
1600.00 mm
Cover provided (Top and Cover)
75 mm
So, effective actual depth deff
1525 mm Ok

2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] =
3852.05 mm
 Pier_Foundation
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Design of Pier Foundation
10
Provided Reinforcement

Nos
Reinforcement Dia of Bar
Spacing (mm) c/c provided Per meter Total Level
Tensile Reinforcement (Bottom) 25
120 9 62.00 PPC1+2
Bothway
112.00
Ast Provided (Bottom)
4417.86 mm² > Ast required OK
Top Bar Min 0.12
% of gross area
Top Reinforcement
f Bothway 25 mm
120 mm c/c PPC3+4 Nos
Ast Provided (Top)
4090.62 mm² 62 Re

0.26824 % OK 112
Check For Punching Stress
Depth of Section =
1600.00 mm
Allowable punching pressure, tau_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck))
Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc =
1.0
bc = B/L = 1

2
So, allowable punching
Stress tau_p = 0.876 N/mm

2
Punching stress
developed = 0.20 N/mm

OK
Providing Nominal Chair Bar
10 dia @ 700 mm
spacing PPC6

Ø 10 @ 700c/c PPC6

Ø 25 @ 120c/c PPC3 & PPC4

3 Nos 10 mm bar
Periphery PPC5
 Ø 25 @ 120c/c
(PPC1 & PPC2)

Ø 20 @ 46 Nos PLP1

Ø 10 @ 84 mmc/c PLP2

Pier_Foundation Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls

Bar Bending Schedule

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Cap

Length( Unit Weight

Label Shape Dia Nos
Weight(Kg)

m) (Kg)/m

AC1 10870 12
28 10.870 0.888 270.215

1770
AC2 835 10
62 5.310 0.617 203.351
2x50

600

Pitch 75 mm
AC3 500 bothways, 8
4 16.000 0.395 25.253
2 layers

Total
498.819
No of Abutment 2
Total Weight 997.638

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Stem

Unit
Length
Label Shape Dia Nos
Weight Weight(Kg)
(m)

(Kg)/m

450

AS1 8750 25 110 9.650

3.853 4090.341

450
450

AS2 8750 20 85 9.65

2.466 2022.860
 450
10870

AS3 900 900 16 56 23.540

1.578 2080.626

10870
Total
8193.827
No of Abutment 2 Total
Weight 16387.654

Abutment Detailing
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Bar Bending Schedule

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Back Wall

Unit

Length
Label Shape Dia Nos
Weight Weight(Kg)

(m)

(Kg)/m

250

AB1 4400 25 53
6.47 3.853 1321.356

570

1250

250

AB2
4600 20 43
5.42 2.466 574.761
570

10870
AB3
250 250 12 11
22.24 0.888 217.195

AB4 220 500 300 16 41

1.82 1.578 117.775

700
100
500
AB5
75 75 10 82
0.65 0.617 32.861
 250
AB6 10 41
0.4 0.617 10.111
75 75

AB7 10920 20 1
10.92 2.466 26.930

AB8 10920 16 3
10.920 1.578 51.706

Total
2352.696
No of Abutment 2
Total Weight 4705.392

Abutment
Detailing Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Bar Bending Schedule

Bar Bending Schedule of Pile per Abutment / Pile Cap

Unit

Length
Label Shape Dia Nos
Weight Weight(Kg)

(m)

(Kg)/m

200

APL1
21350 25.00 360.00
21.6 3.853 29894.365

APL2
50 10.00 3840.00
2.74 0.617 6484.447

dia = 840

APC1 1350 1350 25 112

10.0 3.853 4294.184
7250

APC2 1350 1350 25 62

15.9 3.853 3805.809
13230

APC3 1350 7250 1350 25 112

10.0 3.853 4294.184

APC4 1350 13230 1350 25 62

15.93 3.853 3805.809

7270
13230
0.617 77.314
APC5 10 3
41.8
200

18 nos
200 400 200
APC6 10 22
34.32 0.617 465.511
1316.0

400 19 nos
bothway @ spacing 700.00 mm c/c

Total
53121.623
No of Cap 2
Total Weight 106243.25

Abutment
Detailing Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Bar Bending Schedule

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Cap

Unit

Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos
Length Weight

g)

(Kg)/m

AP1 400 7340 400 32

25 8.14 6.321 1286.40

AP2 400 400

25
23 8.54 3.858 757.84
2600 2570

4290
8 Legs
AP3 Average H= 16
59 19.300 1.580 1799.54
840 1840

AP4 Averaage 2520 7340 16

5 53.56 1.578 422.678

4370 10 nos

AP5 7340 12
75 7.34 0.888 488.742

AP6 7340 32
24 7.34 6.313 1112.159

Total
5867.3631
 No of Pier 9
Total Weight 52806.268

Pier Detailing
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Bar Bending Schedule

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Stem

Unit

Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos
Length Weight

g)

(Kg)/m

AP7 11100 32 100

11.5 6.321 7269.60

400

150

AP8 12 68
8.217 0.889 496.69
Dia = 2520

AP9 50 2544 12 34
2.644 0.889 79.91
Total
7846.1998
No of Pier 9
Total Weight 70615.799

Pier Detailing
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls
Bar Bending Schedule

Bar Bending Schedule of Pile per Abutment / Pile Cap

Unit

Length Weight
Label Shape Dia Nos
Weight

(m) (Kg)

(Kg)/m
200

PLP1
23460 20.00
690.00 23.7 2.466 40260.89

PLP2
50 10.00
4220.00 2.74 0.617 7126.137

dia = 840

PPC1 1450 1450 25

112 10.15 3.853 4380.50
7250

PPC2 1450 1450 25

62 16.13 3.853 3853.59
13230

PPC3 1450 7250 1450 25

112 10.15 3.853 4380.50

PPC4 1450 13230 1450 25

112 16.13 3.853 6961.33

7300
PPC5 10
3 41.56 0.617 76.87
13280
 2200

19 nos
200 400 200
APC6 10
22 36.32 0.617 492.64
1416

400 18 nos
bothway @ spacing 700.00 mm c/c

Total
67532.449
No of Pier
9 Total Weight 607792.04

Pier Detailing
Rapti Bridge Design 5_3_Pile.xls