Islamic University of Gaza

Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

From Lecture1 POWER POWER

INPUT OUTPUT
vi , i i vo , i o
Power
Source Processor Load

Measurement
Controller Reference

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Converters
Why do we need power converters?
 Power sources and loads come in various types of forms.

 We need a power converter to transfer the power from the source to

the load while changing the form of the power.

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

 The main task of power electronics is the conversion of one

form of electrical energy to another.

 This process involves the conversion of voltage and current in

terms of magnitude or RMS values, the change of frequency,
and the number of phases.

 Power electronic components doing such conversions are

referred to as converters.
Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2
Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

 Converters are used in many different power and voltage

ranges.

 The spectrum of converting electrical power ranges from a

few mW to several 100 MW.
 The voltage range extends from a few volts to several 10 kV
or even 100 kV.
 Current ratings extends from mA to kA.

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Types of electric power

DC Power AC Power
Direct Current Alternative Current
V
DC Voltage Source/ Load

t
Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2
Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Types of electric power

DC Power AC Power
Direct Current Alternative Current

photovoltaic (PV) AC wall power

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2
Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Four basic types of power converters

AC-DC
 AC Source --- DC Load
 Rectifier
 Examples: Laptop Charger
 Symbol:

AC input DC output

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Four basic types of power converters

DC-DC
 DC Source --- DC Load
 Switching mode power supply (SMPS)
 Portable battery pack
 Symbol

DC input DC output

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Four basic types of power converters

DC-AC
 DC Source --- AC Load
 Inverter
 PV-to-Grid System
 Symbol

DC input AC output

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Four basic types of power converters

AC-AC
 AC Source --- AC Load
 AC Chopper:
Common light-dimmer circuit.
 Wind Power System
 Symbol

AC input AC output

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Important aspects in conversion of electrical energy

• Costs.
• Life time and reliability.
• Quality of voltage and current (e.g. voltage accuracy (ripple
content), harmonics of voltage and current, control dynamics
etc.).
• Efficiency.
• Losses (losses are not only an issue of energy consumption, but
also because of getting rid of the heat).
• Volume, weight (espy. for mobile applications).
Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2
Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Some examples of applications of power electronic systems:

 Power supplies for electronic home appliances, office, for telecommunication equipment
and for personal computers or computer servers.
 Converters for motor drives to allow speed-variable operation of electrical drives (e.g.
machine tools, conveyor drives, industrial drives, pumps and fans).
 Electrical wind turbines.
 Photovoltaic systems.
 Supplying a single-phase 16 2Τ3Hz railway grid from 3-phase, 50 Hz national power
grid.
 Supply of electric arc furnaces.
 Lightening control.
 Audio amplifiers.

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2

Islamic University of Gaza
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

Converters & Applications

of power electronics

End of Lecture

Introduction to Power Electronics , Dr. Moayed Almobaied Lecture 2