基礎工程數學

作業一解答
1. Verify that the given equations are identities.
(a) e−2x = cosh 2x − sinh 2x

sol:

e2x + e−2x e2x − e−2x

cosh 2x − sinh 2x = −
2 2
−2x
2e
=
2
= e−2x

tanh x−tanh y
(b) tanh(x − y) = 1−tanh x tanh y

sol:

tanh x − tanh y
sinh x
cosh x
− sinh y
cosh y
=
1 − tanh x tanh y 1 − cosh
sinh x
· sinh y
x cosh y
sinh x cosh y − cosh x sinh y
=
cosh x cosh y − sinh x sinh y
sinh(x − y)
=
cosh(x − y)
= tanh(x − y)

(c) sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x

sol:

2 sinh x cosh x = sinh x cosh x + cosh x sinh x

1
 = sinh(x + x)
= sinh 2x

2. Find the derivative of y. (i.e. Dx y =?)

(a) y = ln(sinh x)

sol:

1
Dx ln(sinh x) = · cosh x
sinh x
cosh x
=
sinh x
= coth x

(b) y = tanh−1 (2x − 3)

sol:

1
Dx tanh−1 (2x − 3) = ·2
1 − (2x − 3)2
2
=
1 − (4x2 − 12x + 9)
2
=
−4x + 12x − 8
2

1
= −
2(x2 − 3x + 2)

(c) y = cosh 3x sinh x

sol:

2
 Dx (cosh 3x sinh x) = cosh 3x · cosh x + sinh x · sinh 3x · 3
= cosh 3x cosh x + 3 sinh 3x sinh x

3. Evaluate integral.
∫
(a) sinh(3x + 2)dx

sol:

Let u = 3x + 2, so du = 3dx.
∫ ∫
1
sinh(3x + 2)dx = sinh udu
3
1
= cosh u + C
3
1
= cosh(3x + 2) + C
3
∫
(b) x cosh(πx2 + 5)dx

sol:

Let u = πx2 + 5, so du = 2πxdx.

∫ ∫
1
x cosh(πx2 + 5)dx = cosh udu
2π
1
= sinh u + C
2π
1
= sinh(πx2 + 5) + C
2π

3
4. Use your calculator to calculate out. (unit in radian)

(a) tan−1 (60.11)

sol:

tan−1 (60.11) ≈ 1.554

(b) sec−1 (−2.222)

sol:

1
sec−1 (−2.222) = cos−1 ( ) ≈ 2.038
−2.222

dy
5. Find dx
.

(a) y = sec−1 (x3 )

sol:

d 1
sec−1 (x3 ) = √ · 3x2
dx | x | (x ) − 1
3 3 2

3
= √
| x | x6 − 1

(b) y = (sec−1 x)3

sol:

4
 d 1
(sec−1 x)3 = 3(sec−1 x)2 · √
dx | x | x2 − 1
3(sec−1 x)2
= √
| x | x2 − 1

6. Evaluate Integral.
∫
(a) x sin(x2 )dx

sol:

Let u = x2 , so du = 2xdx.
∫ ∫
1
2
x sin(x )dx = sin(x2 ) · 2xdx
2∫
1
= sin udu
2
1
= − cos u + C
2
1
= − cos(x2 ) + C
2

∫
ex
(b) 1+e2x
dx

sol:

Let u = ex , so du = ex dx.

5
 ∫ ∫
ex ex
dx = dx
1 + e2x 1 + (ex )2
∫
1
= du
1 + u2
= arctan u + C
= arctan ex + C
∫ π
2
sin θ
(c) 1+cos2 θ
dθ
0

sol:

Let u = cos θ, so du = − sin θdθ.

∫ ∫
sin θ 1
dθ = − (− sin θ)dθ
1 + cos θ2 1 + cos2 θ
∫
1
= − du
1 + u2
= − tan−1 u + C
= − tan−1 (cos θ) + C
∫ π [ ]π/2
2 sin θ −1
⇒ dθ = − tan (cos θ)
0 1 + cos2 θ 0
−1 −1
= − tan 0 + tan 1
π
= −0 +
4
π
=
4