1 ROAD DESIGN OF PROPOSED EXTENSION

The road designs are typically of two types, geometric and pavement design. The geometric design of
the road is summarized below;

1.1 DESIGN SUMMARY

The design summary is tabulated below;
Table 1(Design Summary)

Sr. No Design Parameter Symbol Quantity Units References

Reverse Curve with same radius
Design Speed 55 mph
1. v
Posted Speed 45 mph
2. Super Elevation e 4 Percent AASHTO
Green book
3. Radius of Curve R 1190 feet
(Table 3-7)
AASHTO
Super Elevation
4. Lr 102 feet Green book
Runoff
(Table 3-17b)
5. Arc Length L 1869 feet Calculated
6. Tangent Length T 1190 feet
AASHTO
Stopping Sight
7. SSD 495 feet Green Book
Distance
(Table 3-1)

1.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS

One of the primary design parameters include design speed of the curve taken as 55 mph while the
posted speed will be 45 mph.

Using the following basic formulae from AASHTO Green Book-2010, the geometry of the curves is
determined.

The formulae are;

2 πR ∆ 2 π ( 1190 ) (90)
Length of Curve=L= = =1869 feet
360 360

Tangent Length=T =Rtan( ∆2 )=1190 tan ( 902 )=1190 feet

∆ 90
Long Chord=LC=2 Rsin ( )=2 ( 1190 ) sin ( )=1683 feet
2 2
Middle Ordinate=M =R−Rcos ( ∆2 )=1190−1190 cos ( 902 )=348.5 feet
∆ 90
External Distance=E=Rsec ( ) −R=1190 sec ( )−1190=492.91 feet
2 2

Figure 1(Typical Horizontal Curve with Labelling)

Table 2(Design Parameters of a Curve)

Sr. Parameter Symbol Quantity Unit Chainage

1 Point of Curvature PC-1     01+00
2 Length of Curve L 1869 feet  
3 Radius of Curve R 1190 feet  
4 Tangent Length T 1190 feet  
5 Point of Intersection PI-1      
6 Angle of Deflection  ∆ 90 Degree  
7 Point of Tangency PT-1     19+69 = PC-2
8 Long Chord LC 1683 feet  
9 Middle Ordinate M 348.5 feet  
 10 External Distance E 492.91 feet  
11 Point of Tangency PT-2     38+92

1.3 TRAFFIC SIGNS

The traffic signs are important part of the road safety. The traffic signs and their locations as per
“Manual on Urban Traffic Control Devices 2009” are mentioned in the table below;

According to the Section 2A.06 and 2A.12; the signs should;

1. Have highly visibility during day and night timings;

2. Be readable with proper letter size, symbols, short legends and arrows.
3. Symbols and Signs should be readily understandable by common people.

Using Table 2B-1

Sr. # Sign with dimensions (inch) Chainage Picture

16+50, 03+00, 23+50

1. Yield (30x30x30)
and 36+50

2. Speed Limit (18x24) 04+00 and 23+00

3. Stay in Lane (18x24) 06+00 and 22+50

0+00, 18+96, 19+96,

4. Direction Signs (18x24)
and 37+92

0+00, 18+96, 19+96,

5. Adding Lane Sign (36x36)
and 37+92

6. Chevron Alignment (18x24) Along the curves

Both the curves have same dimensions.
Figure 2(Site Image)
Figure 3(Layout of Design)
2 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL
According to Part 6 of the “Manual on Urban Traffic Control Devices 2009”

1. It is the duty of the authority of a public body or officials who have the jurisdictions for guiding
the traffic.
2. Flagger would be needed to control traffic on the both ends of the constricted work zone with
cooperation. Either one, two or three flaggers can be used based on the visibility.

a. Pedestrians should not be conflicted by the stationery or moving machinery and vehicles
on work site;
b. Pedestrians should be provided easily accessible paths with most desirable
characteristics.
3. The lateral offset and height requirements for a temporary traffic control sign are (1)
a. Height should be 7 feet from the bottom of the sign to the sidewalk.
b. Lateral offset should be 500 feet from the working site.

4. One of the following for merging in one direction should be used(left/right)

i. Flashing arrow
ii. Sequential arrow
iii. Sequential Chevron
b. Double flashing arrow for indicating ‘merge in both directions’.
c. Caution
i. Flashing Caution
ii. Alternating Diamond Caution

5. For lane closures, what mode(s) should an arrow board be in? Where should it be located? (1)
a. For lane closures, following should be used;
i. Arrow board in the arrow ; or
ii. Chevron mode
b. They should be located at a lateral offset of 500 feet from both directions.
1. Drum
2. Tabular marker
3. Vertical Panel
4. Cone
5. Type 1 Barricade
6. Type 2 Barricade
7. Type 3 Barricade, respectively.