1 1 4.

5
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 2 [ (𝑏)(ℎ)] = 2 [ (4.5 𝑚) ( 𝑚)] = 10.125 𝑚2
2 2 2
𝑏1 + 𝑏2
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 = 2 [( ) (ℎ)]
2
13.8 + 13.6 − 4.5 4.5
= 2 [( 𝑚) ( 𝑚)] = 51.975 𝑚2
2 2
𝑘𝑁
𝑄𝐷𝐿 = 2.2 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 23.6 (0.200 𝑚) = 6.92 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑄𝐿𝐿 = 3.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑄𝐷𝐿 + 𝑄𝐿𝐿 = 6.92 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 3.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 10.72 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.2𝑄𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝑄𝐿𝐿 𝑜𝑟 1.4𝑄𝐷𝐿
1.2(6.92 𝑘𝑃𝑎) + 1.6(3.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎) = 14.384 𝑘𝑃𝑎 USE THIS
1.4(6.92 𝑘𝑃𝑎) = 9.688 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ASD:
𝑄(𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎) 10.72 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (51.975 𝑚2 )
𝑊𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = = 40.37 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿 13.8 𝑚
𝑄(𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎) 10.72 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (10.125 𝑚2 )
𝑊𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = = = 24.12 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿 4.5 𝑚
Table 2. ASD Method Design for Beam Section (Interior Beam)
Parameter & Equation Value
𝑊𝐿2 40.37 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(13.8 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 = 961.01 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 961.01𝑥10 6
𝑍𝑥 = = 6458.40 𝑥 103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
0.6 (𝐹𝑦) 0.6 (248 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
※ Get at least 5 W Section that has a Zx greater than the computed Value
Section Zx Weight
W 12 X 252 7014 375
W 14 X 233 7145 347
W 18 X 175 6522 260
W 21 X 166 7079 247
W 24 X 146 6850 217
W 27 X 129 6473 192
W 30 X 124 6686 185
W 33 X 118 6801 176
※ Get the lightest section and compute for the new Mmax and Zx
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 9.81 176 𝑘𝑔/𝑚(9.81)
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = = 1.73 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1000 1000
 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑊 𝐴𝑆𝐷 = 𝑊 𝐴𝑆𝐷 + 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 40.37 + 1.73 = 42.10 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2
𝑤𝐿 1002.19 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃
8
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 6735.15 𝑥103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
𝑍𝑥′ =
0.6 (𝐹𝑦)
※ Since the new Zx required is less than the Zx of the section, we can accept the design
already. (Zx<Zx)
Get the reaction forces of the beam … Ry = 290.49 kN
Table 3. ASD Method Design for Girder Section
Parameter & Equation Value
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 3164 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 (3164 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚)106
𝑍𝑥 = = 21263.44 𝑥 103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
0.6 (𝐹𝑦) 0.6(248 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
※ Get at least 5 W Section that has a Zx greater than the computed value
Section Zx Weight
W14X605 21631 900
W24X450 23106 670
W27X407 22614 606
W30X391 23434 582
W33X354 23270 527
W36X328 22614 488
W40X297 21795 442
W44X285 21467 424 Commented [SG1]: Nag fail itong dalawang section I
checked
※ Get the lightest section and compute for the new Mmax and Zx
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 9.81 488 𝑘𝑔/𝑚(9.81)
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = = 4.79 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1000 1000
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑊 𝐴𝑆𝐷 = 𝑊 𝐴𝑆𝐷 + 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 24.12 + 4.79 = 28.91 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 3273 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 21995.97 𝑥 103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
𝑍𝑥′ =
0.6 (𝐹𝑦)
※ Since New Zx is less than the Zx of the section, we can accept the design already. (Zx’<Zx)
LRFD:
𝑄(𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎) 14.384 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (51.975 𝑚2 )
𝑊𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = = 54.17 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿 13.8 𝑚
𝑄(𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎) 14.384 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (10.125 𝑚2 )
𝑊𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = = = 32.36 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿 4.5 𝑚
Table 4. LRFD Method Design for Beam Section (Interior Beam)
Parameter & Equation Value
𝑊𝐿2 54.17 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(13.8 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 = 1289.52 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1289.52 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚)10 6
𝑍𝑥 = = 5777.42 𝑥 103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
0.9 (𝐹𝑦) 0.9 (248 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
※ Get at least 5 W Section that has a Zx greater than the computed Value
Section Zx Weight
W12X230 6325 342
W14X193 5817 287
W18X158 5834 235
W21X147 6112 219
W24X131 6063 195
W27X129 6473 192
W30X116 6194 173
W33x118 6801 176
※ Get the lightest section and compute for the new Mmax and Zx
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 9.81 147 𝑘𝑔/𝑚(9.81)
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = = 1.70 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1000 1000
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑊 = 𝑊 + 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 54.17 + 1.2(1.70) = 56.21 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 1338 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 5994.62 𝑥103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
𝑍𝑥′ =
0.9 (𝐹𝑦)
※ Since the new Zx required is less than the Zx of the section, we can accept the design
already. (Zx<Zx)
Get the reaction forces of the beam … Ry = 387.85 kN
Table 5. LRFD Method Design for Girder Section
Parameter & Equation Value
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 4228 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 (3850 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚)106
𝑍𝑥 = = 18942.65 𝑥 103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
0.9(𝐹𝑦) 0.9(248 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
※ Get at least 5 W Section that has a Zx greater than the computed value
Section Zx Weight
W14X550 19337 818
W24X408 20484 607
W27X368 20320 548
 W30X326 19501 485
W33X318 20812 473
W36X280 19173 417
W40X277 20484 412
W44X285 21467 424
※ Get the lightest section and compute for the new Mmax and Zx
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋 9.81 412 𝑘𝑔/𝑚(9.81)
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = = 4.04 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
1000 1000
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑊 = 𝑊 + 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 32.36 + 1.2(4.04) = 37.21 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐺𝑅𝐴𝑆𝑃 4338 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 19435.48 𝑥 103 𝑐𝑢. 𝑚𝑚
𝑍𝑥′ =
0.9 (𝐹𝑦)
※ Since New Zx is less than the Zx of the section, we can accept the design already. (Zx’<Zx)