Chapter 1: Matter/ 06

1. A titration is a technique where a solution of known

concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown
solution. Typically, the titrant (the know solution) is added from a
buret to a known quantity of the analyte (the unknown solution) until
the reaction is complete.

(i) Acid-Base Titrations

Reaction between acid and base

Example 1.2.10.2:
How many millilitres of 0.112 M HCl will react exactly with the sodium carbonate
in 21.2 mL of 0.150 M Na2CO3 according to the following equation?

2HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

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Chapter 1: Matter/ 06

ca = 0.112 M HCl
cb = 0.150 M Na2CO3
Va =?
Vb = 21.2 mL Na2CO3

The balanced equation shows the stoichiometric ratio is 2:1.

MaV a 2 (0 .112 M)V a 2
= =
MbV b 1  (0.150 M)(21 .2 mL) 1
Va = 56.8 mL HClsoln

Exercise 1.2.10.2:

1) In a titration between 20.0 cm3 standard solution of sodium carbonate and

HCl, it needs 19.15 cm3 of HCl for neutralization. If the concentration of
Na2CO3 is 0.052 M, calculate the concentration of HCl.
(Ans:0.109M)

2) Calculate the volume of 0.12 mol dm3 KOH required to react with 25.0 cm3
of H3PO4 solution according to the equation:
2KOH + H3PO4 K2HPO4 + 2H2O
The H3PO4 solution contains 4.90 g of H3PO4 per dm3. [H=1.00; O=16.0;
P=31.0]
(Ans:20.8cm-3)

(ii) Redox titration

Reactions between oxidants and reductants.

In a redox titration that involves permanganate ion, MnO−4 or dichromate ion,

Cr 2 O2−
7 , no indicator is needed in the reaction as these ions have an obvious
different colour between the ions and their reduced form.

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Chapter 1: Matter/ 06

−
MnO4 ⃗
acid media Mn2+
(purple) (colourless)
−
MnO4 ⃗
base media MnO2 (p)
(purple) (brown)

Cr 2 O2−
7 ⃗
acid media Cr3+
(orange) (green)

2−
For the redox reaction between I 2and S 2 O 3 , starch solution is added near the
end point as an indicator for the redox titration.

Example 1.2.10.3:

A 16.42-mL volume of 0.1327 M KMnO4 solution is needed to oxidize 20.00 mL of

a FeSO4 solution in an acidic medium. What is the concentration of the FeSO 4
solution? The net ionic equation is

5Fe2+ + MnO−4 + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

The balanced equation shows the stoichiometric proportion is 5:1 (5 mol Fe 2+ 1
−
mol MnO4 ).

Mf (Fe2+) = ?
M m ( MnO−4 ) = 0.1327 M
Vf = 20.00 mL
Vm = 16.42 mL
Mf Vf 5 M f (20 . 00 mL) 5
= =
Mm Vm 1  (0 .1327 M)(16 . 42 mL) 1

Mf = 0.5450 M

Exercise 1.2.17:
1) How many millilitres of a 0.206 M HI solution are needed to reduce 22.5 mL
of a 0.374 M KMnO4 solution according to the following equation:
10HI + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 5I2 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
(Ans:204 mL)

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Chapter 1: Matter/ 06

2) In a titration, 25.00 cm3 of H2O2 solution is needed to react completely with

35.00 cm3 of 0.02 M KMnO4 solution. Calculate the concentration of H 2O2
solution. (Ans:0.07M)
3) Ammonium iron(II) sulphate crystals have the following formula:
(NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.nH2O. In an experiment to determine n, 8.492 g of the salt
were dissolved and made up to 250 cm3 of solution with distilled water and
dilute sulphuric acid. A 25.0 cm3 portion of the solution was further acidified
and titrated against potassium manganate(VII) solution of concentration
0.0150 mol dm3. A volume of 22.5 cm3 was required.
(Ans:12)

−
5Fe2+ + MnO4 + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

Mf (Fe2+) = ?
M m ( MnO−4 ) = 0.015 M
Vf = 25.00 mL
Vm = 22.5 mL
Mf Vf 5 M f (25 .00 mL) 5
= =
Mm Vm 1  (0 .015 M)(22.5 mL) 1

Mf = 0.0675 M

M= mol/Volume = 8.492/ Mr /250/1000 = 0.0675

Mr =503= (14+4)x2+32+64+55.8+32+64+(2+16)n
n= 12