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has come to stop to avoid collusion with stationary object the ratio of long over
braking distance is 6/5 and reaction time 2.5 seconds and coefficient of friction is
0.36. What is the value of ascending rate of gradient?
b = (Vtr x 5)/6
V2
SSD Vtr
2 g f n%
V2
b
2 g f n%
V2
n f
2 gb
16.67 2
n 0.36 100
2 9.81 34.725
n 4.79%
Example: Design speed of road is 60 km/h and assuming driver reaction time is 2.5 and
friction of pavement is 0.35 than find out stopping sight distance for two-way
traffic on a single road.
V = 96 km/h
Vb = V – 16
Reaction time tr = 2 second
S = 0.7 Vb + 6
Solution
V = 96 km/h
OSD d1 d 2 d 3
= Vb tr + b +2S + VT,
OSD d1 d 2 , for single lane one way
Vb = V-16 = 96 – 16 = 80/3.6 = 22.22 m/s
4S
T
a
4 21.56
T = 10.94 = 11 seconds
0.72
b = Vb x T = 22.22 x 11 = 244.42
OSD = Vb x tr + b + 2S + VT
= 625.35 m
OSD = Vb x tr + b + 2S
= 331.98 m
Example: The radius of horizontal curve is 100 m and design speed 50 km/h and design
coefficient of friction is 0.15. Calculate the super elevation required. If full lateral
friction is assumed to develop.
Solution:
V2
e f
gR
V2
e f
gR
e
50 3.6
2
Example: Design a rate of super elevation of horizontal curve radius 500 m and design speed
100 km/h.
Solution:
100
V 100km / h 27.78m / s
3. 6
Vsup 27.78 0.75 20.84m / s
0.75V 2
e
gR
20.84 2
e = 0.88 > 0.07
9.81 500
V2
f e
gR
27.78 2
f 0.07
9.81 500
f = 0.087 < 0.15 OK